LABORATORIUM FISIKA

FISIKA
LABORATORY MANUAL

MUHAMMAD RAIHAN SUNARYO

2602130211

BINUS-ASO SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

Experiment
Magnetic Force
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of this topic students can understand and explain:
- Effect of Force versus Current.
- Effect of Force versus Length of Wire.
- Effect of Force versus Magnetic Field.
- Effect of Force versus Angle

II. INTRODUCTION
A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force that is usually referred
to as a magnetic force. The magnitude and direction of this force depend on four
variables: the magnitude of the current (I); the length of the wire (L); the strength of the
magnetic field (B); and the angle between the field and the wire (θ).
This magnetic force can be described mathematically by the vector cross product:
Fm =IL X B
eq 1
or in scalar terms,
Fm =ILB sinθ
eq 2
In the experiment we will see the effect of each variables

III. PROCEDURE
a. Equipment
No Quantity Name
1 1 Main Unit
2 1 Current Loop Board
3 1 Magnet Assembly
4 1 Power supply
5 1 Scale
6 1 Multimeter

b. Laboratory Setup
Basic Setup
1. Mount the Main Unit on a lab stand having with a rod 3/8 inch (1.1 cm) in
diameter or smaller like in figure 1.
 Figure 1 Basic setup for experiment 9

2. Select a Current Loop, and plug it into the ends of the arms of the Main Unit,
with the foil extending down.
3. Place the Magnet Assembly on a balance with at least 1 gram sensitivity.
Position the lab stand so the horizontal portion of the conductive foil on the
Current Loop passes through the pole region of the magnets.
4. The Current Loop shouldn't touch the magnets.
5. Connect the power supply and ammeter as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Connecting the Ammeter and Power supply.

6. Vary the wire length by using one of the six different Current Loops. To
change the Current Loop
7. Swing the arm of the Main Unit up, to raise the present Current Loop out of
the magnetic field gap. Pull the Current Loop gently from the arms of the
base unit. Replace it with a new Current Loop and carefully lower the arm to
reposition the Current Loop in the magnetic field. There are six current loop
that can be used in this experiment
Table 1 Current Loop PCB used in experiment
Current Loop type Length
SF 40 1,2 cm
SF 37 2,2 cm
SF 39 3,2 cm
SF 38 4,2 cm
SF 41 6,4 cm
SF 42 8,4 cm
Force versus current
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 9.1 by using the PCB Loop Current
SF 42 (8,4cm).
2. Determine the mass of the magnet holder and magnets with no current
flowing. Record this value in the column under “Mass” in Table 2.
3. Set the current to 0.25 amp. Determine the new “mass” of the magnet
assembly. Record this value under “Mass” in Table 2.
4. Subtract the mass value with the current flowing from the value with no
current flowing. Record this difference as the “Force.”
5. Increase the current in 0.5 amp increments to a maximum of 1,50 amp, each
time repeating steps 2-4.
Table 2 Experiment data on Forces vs Current
I (A) Mass (Kg) Force (Kg)
0,00 0.165 0
0,25 0.16475 0.00025
0,50 0.1646 0.0004
0,75 0.16459 0.00041
1,00 0.1645 0.0005
1,25 0.1644 0.0006
1,50 0.1643 0.0007

Force versus Length of Wire

1. Set up the apparatus as in Figure 1 by using PCB Loop Current SF 40
(1,2cm)
2. Determine the length of the conductive foil on the Current Loop. Record
this value under “Length” in Table 3.
3. With no current flowing, determine the mass of the Magnet Assembly.
Record this value on the line at the top of Table 3.
4. Set the current to 1.0 amps. Determine the new “mass” of the Magnet
Assembly. Record this value under “Mass” in Table 3.
5. Subtract the mass that you measured with no current flowing from the mass
that you measured with the current flowing. Record this difference as the
“Force.”
6. Turn the current off. Remove the Current Loop and replace it with another.
Repeat steps 2-5.
Table 3 Experiment Data on Force versus length of wire
Mass with I = 0: 0.165
Length of wire (cm) Mass (Kg) Force (Kg)
SF 40 (1,2 cm) 0.1647 0.0003
SF 37 (2,2 cm) 0.16463 0.00037
SF 39 (3,2 cm) 0.16456 0.00044
SF 38 (4,2 cm) 0.1645 0.0005
SF 41 (6,4 cm) 0.16448 0.00052
SF 42 (8,4 cm) 0.16428 0.00072
Force versus magnetic field
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 1. by using PCB Loop Current SF
42 (8,4cm) .
2. Mount a single magnet in the center of the holder.
3. With no current flowing, determine the mass of the Magnet Assembly.
Record this value in the first column under “Mass” in Table 4 on the
appropriate line.
4. Set the current to 1.0 amps. Determine the new “mass” of the Magnet
Assembly. Record this value in the second column under “Mass” in Table 4.
5. Subtract the mass you measured when there was no current flowing from the
value you measured with current flowing. Record this difference as the
“Force.”
6. Add additional magnets, one at a time. (Make sure the north poles of the
magnets are all on the same side of the Magnet Assembly.) Each time you
add a magnet, repeat steps 3-5.
Table 4 Experiment data on force versus magnetic field
Mass
Magnet core I=0 (Kg) I≠0 (Kg) Force (Kg)
1 0.0992 0.09915 0.00005
2 0.1125 0.1123 0.0002
3 0.12565 0.1255 0.00015
4 0.1387 0.13845 0.00035
5 0.1516 0.15145 0.00015
6 0.1646 0.1644 0.0002

Force versus angle

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Experiment setup for force versus angle

2. Determine the mass of the Magnet Assembly with no current flowing.
Record this value in Table 5 on the appropriate line.
3. Set the angle to 0o with the direction of the coil of wire approximately
parallel to the magnetic field.
 4. Set the current to 1.0 amp. Determine the new “mass” of the Magnet
Assembly. Record this value under “Mass” in Table 5.
5. Subtract the mass measured with no current flowing from the mass
measured with current flowing. Record the difference as the “Force.”
6. Increase the angle in 5o increments up to 90o, and then in –5o increments to –
90o. At each angle, repeat the mass/force measurement.
Tabel 5 Experiment data on force versus angle
Mass with I = 0: 0.165

I=0 I=1Amp
Angle (θ) Δ M (gr) Δ M (kg) F = M.g Sin θ
(Kg) (Kg)

0 0.165 0.165 0 0 0 0
10 0.165 0.1648 0.2 0.0002 0.00196 0.17
20 0.165 0.16475 0.25 0.00025 0.00245 0.34
30 0.165 0.1647 0.3 0.0003 0.00294 0.5
40 0.165 0.16465 0.35 0.00035 0.00343 0.64
50 0.165 0.1646 0.4 0.0004 0.00392 0.766
60 0.165 0.16457 0.43 0.00043 0.004214 0.866
70 0.165 0.16455 0.45 0.00045 0.00441 0.939
80 0.165 0.16453 0.47 0.00047 0.004606 0.984
90 0.165 0.16452 0.48 0.00048 0.004704 1

I=0 I=1Amp
Angle (θ) Δ M (gr) Δ M (kg) F = M.g Sin θ
(Kg) (Kg)

0 0.165 0.165 0 0 0 0
-10 0.165 0.16482 0.18 0.00018 0.001764 -0.17
-20 0.165 0.16485 0.15 0.00015 0.00147 -0.34
-30 0.165 0.16487 0.13 0.00013 0.001274 -0.5
-40 0.165 0.1649 0.1 0.0001 0.00098 -0.64
-50 0.165 0.16485 0.15 0.00015 0.00147 -0.766
-60 0.165 0.16488 0.12 0.00012 0.001176 -0.866
-70 0.165 0.16489 0.11 0.00011 0.001078 -0.939
-80 0.165 0.16486 0.14 0.00014 0.001372 -0.984
-90 0.165 0.16483 0.17 0.00017 0.001666 -1

c. Analysis
1. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Current (horizontal axis).

Force vs Current
1.6

1.4
f(x) = 2250.95360596115 x − 0.169675330435554
1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008

2. What is the nature of the relationship between these two variables? What
does this tell us about how changes in the current will affect the force acting
on a wire that is inside a magnetic field?Current is directly proportional to
force of magnet from this equation F=I∗L∗B and from the experiment we
know that the greater the current, then the greater the Force, that explain why
when the current is going higher the force also go higher too

3. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Length (horizontal axis).

8
Force vs Length
f(x) = 17981.9990525817 x − 4.27478288330965

0
0.00025 0.0003 0.00035 0.0004 0.00045 0.0005 0.00055 0.0006 0.00065 0.0007 0.00075

4. What is the nature of the relationship between these two variables? What
 does this tell us about how changes in the length of a current-carrying wire
will affect the force that it feels when it is in a magnetic field? The Length of
the wire is directly proportional to force of magnet from this equation
F=I∗L∗B and from the experiment we know that the greater the length of
the wire, then the greater the Force, that explain why when we extend the
length of the cable/wire the force are getting bigger

5. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Number of Magnets (horizontal

axis).

Force vs Magnet Field

7
f(x) = 8275.86206896552 x + 1.98275862068966

0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008

6. What is the relationship between these two variables? How does the number
of magnets affect the force between a current-carrying wire and a magnetic
field? Is it reasonable to assume that the strength of the magnetic field is
directly proportional to the number of magnets? What would happen if one
of the magnets were put into the assembly backwards, with its north pole
next to the other magnets’ south poles?
The Magnetic field is directly proportional to force of magnet from this
equation F=I∗L∗B and from the experiment we know that the greater the
Magnet Field, then the greater the Force, that explain why when we increase
the magnetic field the force are getting bigger, well if we can assume it is
directly proportional if there is more than one magnet, what will happen is
the magnet start to pull each other
 7. Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Angle (horizontal axis).

Force vs Angle
100

90

80

70 f(x) = 19056.9856183282 x − 17.1905668668522

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005

8. What is the relationship between these two variables? How do changes in the
angle between the current and the magnetic field affect the force acting
between them? What angle produces the greatest force? What angle produces
the least force?
The angle is directly proportional to force of magnet from this equation
F=I∗L∗B∗sinθ and from the experiment we know that the angle will affect
the force, as you can see in the data of the experiment there is a change when
we increase the angle the force also got increase too, when it reaches 90
degrees angle, when it reaches 0 degrees angle

IV. CONCLUTION
From this experiment we can prove the equation F=I∗L∗B that the force are directly
proportional with current , wire length , and magnetic field . where if each of it have
greater value so the force also have the greater value too , and from this equation
F=I∗L∗B∗sinθ we know that angle can also affected the force
V. REFERENCES
[1] PASCO Scientific. [Online]. Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO
scientific model SF-8607 dan SF-8608. Available:
https://www.pasco.com/file_downloads/product_manuals/Basic-Current-Balance-
Manual-SF-8607.pdf December 07,2015 [February 11, 2015]
VI. APPENDIKS