SASTA STAGE 2 Chemistry | Organic and Biological Chemistry

Topic 3 – Organic and Biological Chemistry

Subtopic 3.1: Introduction
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QUESTION 1 – (13 Marks)
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons including ethane, pentane, and heptane.
(a) Provide the extended, condensed and skeletal structural formulae for the hydrocarbons
above.

Formula Ethane Pentane Heptane

Extended

Condensed

Skeletal

(9 Marks) KA4
 (b) The boiling points of ethane, pentane and heptane are shown in the table below.

Compound Boiling Point (oC)

Ethane -88.5

Pentane +36.1

Heptane +98.4

i. Identify one compound that is liquid at standard laboratory temperature (+25oC)

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ii. Explain why the boiling point of heptane is higher than ethane and pentane.
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 QUESTION 2 – (12 Marks)
Alcohols are a family of organic compounds with hydroxyl (OH) functional group.

(a) Provide the condensed and skeletal structural formulae for the alcohols above.

Formula Ethanol Butan-1-ol Octan-1-ol

Condensed

Skeletal

(6 Marks) KA4
 (b) State and explain which alcohol is most soluble in water.
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(c) Explain why the boiling point of octan-1-ol is higher than the boiling point of octane
(C8H18).
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____________________________________________________________________ (3 Marks) KA1