Universidad de Manila

Universidad De Manila
(Formerly City College of Manila) 1

Mehan Gardens, cor. A.J. Villegas St., Manila
College of Education
“SERVICE EFFICIENCY OF UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA CANTEEN AS PERCEIVED

BY GRADE 12 HOME ECONOMICS STUDENTS OF SCHOOL YEAR 2022-2023”
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department, Universidad De Manila
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements in the subject
Practical Research 2
Safran, Charline
Audencial, Ading
Ore, Sophia
Villarias, Maria Sophia
Mendoza, Jezerelle
Llacer, Ella
Paguio, Janella
Zapata, John Ceena
Sy 2020-2021
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that this research paper is our work and does not contain any material previously
published on written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted
for the award of any degree or diploma in Universidad De Manila, and other educational
institutions, except where due acknowledge is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the
research by others, with whom we have worked at Universidad De Manila or elsewhere, is
explicitly acknowledged in the thesis.
Safran, Charline
Leader
VIllarias, Maria Sophia Audencial, Ading

Member Member
Ore, Sophia Victoria Llacer, Ella Mae

Member Member
Mendoza, Jezerelle
Zapata, John Ceena
Member
Member
Paguio, Janella
Member
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project would never be possible without the support and guidance of numerous persons at the
Universidad de Manila. First off, the researchers who conducted this study would like to thank Mr.
Christopher Baleza for giving us the opportunity to complete the Chapter 1-3 under his supervision,
it is truly an honor to be taught by him. The researchers owe you gratitude for all the advice, ideas,
assistance, and patience you dedicated to us on the Journey of this research project. Thank you for
giving us the chance to grow in this field of research. The researchers also want to thank the grade
12 class, HE A & HE B, for their never-ending moral support and responses to our queries about
the research which greatly helped us. Together with the researchers, we also desire to thank God
for protection, guidance, strength, persistence, and giving us the capability to create a work full of
knowledge. The researchers give acknowledgement to all the people who lend their hand and time
for this study because without them, this research study would not be successful Sending the
deepest gratitude and God bless!

DEDICATION
With the Deepest love and appreciation
We dedicate all the sacrifices and hardship
Embodied in this humble piece of art to our
ALMIGHTY GOD
FAMILIES
CLASSMATES
AND
PROFESSORS
Who had served as our inspiration and gave us strength
To continue creating this masterpiece.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certificate of originality
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Table of contents
Table of contents
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Theoretical Framework
Paradigm of the Study
Definition of Terms
Bibliography
References
Curriculum Vitae
Chapter I
Problem and It’s Background
Introduction
School food service represents an area of substantial interest for intervention. The first
reason, food waste threatens the goal of school meals, which is to provide students, teachers, and
also with an appropriate and balanced meal daily. But since students eat at least one meal at school,
the food service handles a substantial amount of food every day. School meals also serve an
educational purpose. Taking action at the school level provides the opportunity to raise awareness
among students and staff about more sustainable food choices. This is because it can further
develop the efficiency of the school canteen, implement sustainable production, and influence
eating habits.
Canteens are also viewed as socialization spaces where the enjoyment of healthy meals is
used to develop recommendations to improve canteen service and students' healthier conduct.
Comprehensive health and wellness initiatives, including food and nutrition instruction, are
encouraged to be implemented in schools. The development of a love and interest for purchasing
wholesome foods among students, teachers, and other staff members is crucial to the success of the
school canteen. It enables them to enjoy wholesome foods at reasonable prices throughout the
school day.
In addition to serving and selling food, a canteen also sells other snacks and beverages. To
provide for the students' dietary needs and provide them the energy they need to complete their
daily tasks, schools use canteens to provide for their food and nutritional requirements.
Also, given that the canteen is typically full, professors and students advise finding a location
with more space. Regarding the type or variety of foods offered at the canteen, students have a
variety of experiences and grievances. As a result, the researcher is faced with the problem of
conducting this study to evaluate the standard of cafeteria services offered to Universidad De
Manila (UDM) students, where the results would act as a feedback mechanism for delivering good
and fulfilling canteen services. Moreover, there has never been a study done on the catered service
quality at UDM.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to know how efficient does the service of Universidad de Manila Canteen as
perceived by Grade 12 Home economics students of School Year 2022-2023. Specifically;
1. How satisfied are the Grade 12 Home economics students with the Universidad de
Manila’s canteen service effectiveness?
2. What is the level of satisfaction does Grade 12 Home economics Students feel about
Universidad de manila canteen, in terms of;
a. Nutritional value
b. Quality of the food
c. Price of the food

d. Cleanliness of the school canteens
3. Is there a significant relationship between Universidad de Manila canteen services and the
level of satisfaction of Grade 12 Home economics students of School year 2022-2023?
Hypothesis
There is a significant relationship between Universidad de Manila canteen services and the
level of satisfaction of Grade 12 Home economics students of School yeat 2022-2023.
Significance of the Study
This research is made to determine the relationship between Universidad de manila canteen
services and the level of satisfaction of Grade 12 Home economics students of school year 2022-
2023. Additionally, this research will be beneficial to the following:
School Administrators. The outcomes can offer data that can be used to develop policies and
enhance the canteen services offered to University of Manila students. Including canteen facilities
into the school improvement plan may be made easier for principals of schools with the use of this
information.
Canteen Managers. The managers of the canteen may be able to use this information to prioritize
areas for improvement in order to better fulfill the needs of the students who use the canteen.
Teachers. This may inspire instructors to provide feedback to administration and school canteen
managers in order to improve services such as affordable prices, nutritious foods, facilities,
cleanliness, and sanitation.
Students. The results of this study will help students better comprehend the canteen's operations
and the fundamental services that the school is required to offer.
Future Researchers. This may serve as basis for those research enthusiasts to conduct further
inquiry regarding canteen service quality and student satisfaction.
Scope and Delimitations
In this study, only the customer satisfaction and canteen service quality were investigated in
this study. The participants were Universidad de Manila home economics students in the 12th
grade. The respondents do not adequately represent all of the students enrolled in the
aforementioned institution because they were only selected from one course, Grade 12, which was
the subject of the survey. The outcome thus might not exactly represent how the entire student
body of the school perceives the reality of the canteen this research are only the Grade 12 Home
economics students. The study is concentrated on the Service efficiency of Universidad de Manila
canteen.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
Local Literature
Having a school canteen inside the campus is helpful and important for students. It makes
access to buying foods easier and more accommodating rather than going outside. Bestlink College
of the Philippines ensures to have its canteen inside the school that offers different food services to
produce productive students. This study aims to assess the level of satisfaction of Grade 12 ABM
students in the Food Services of School Canteen. The purpose of this study is to promote
continuous patronage of the school canteen and recommend a more effective strategy in
maintaining the satisfaction level of the students in its food services. The Department of Education
said each school should develop its own menu to ensure that the food and drinks offered to students
are healthy and nutritious. The Department of Education said consumption of unhealthy foods
outside the school premises are at the discretion of the parents. While the policy is limited to public
schools, the Department of Education said private schools are also encouraged to adopt the
guidelines. Profit from the operations of a school canteen is often a significant source of revenue
for a school. Therefore, it is of great importance that the nutritious food items attract students and
are offered at a price affordable to the students, and that will contribute to their profit (Department
of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2013).
In an academic institution, the canteen is the main source of meals for learners and workers
inside its premises. It is responsible for the healthy eating behaviors among students. Hence, it is
expected that the food choices of the students could make a significant contribution to their health.
Currently, most school canteens face common problems with students’ eating habits. In particular,
the kind of food to be sold, expensive food items, small space, lack of kitchen facilities, and
hygiene are just a few concerns of the students. As a result, to support the health needs of the
clienteles of every school in the Philippines, the Department of Education issued a memorandum
through DepEd Order No. 13, series of 2017, also known as, Policy and Guidelines on Healthy
Food and Beverages Choices in Schools (DepEd, 2017). According to D.J Labay, E.R Machuha,
H.A Mondragon, A.K Sarmiento, M. R Veron, L. Salazar & B.T Caiga, 2015) This study was
conducted to learn more about the level of satisfaction of students at the Lyceum. International
Maritime Academy (LIMA) Campus on the Canteen's services. This research would determine the
level of satisfaction of LIMA students with the current services provided by LIMA canteen, as well
as propose solutions to the problems cited. A descriptive research design was used in this study.
Method was used with (240) Maritime students who were chosen at random. The study's
respondents were satisfied, according to the findings. The LIMA students agreed that the canteen
had issues such as a lack of space, chairs and tables, and inadequate ventilation. Respondents are
also aware that the LIMA Canteen has issues that need to be addressed. We would be able to
suggest solutions to these problems involving the people involved because the study's objective is
to propose some plans of action on the following problems. So far, the LIMA Canteen has fulfilled
its vision and mission to better serve their customers' needs.
Having a school canteen inside the campus is helpful and important for students. It makes
access to buying foods easier and more accommodating rather than going outside. Bestlink College
of the Philippines ensures to have its canteen inside the school that offers different food services to
produce productive students. This study aims to assess the level of satisfaction of Grade 12 ABM
students in the Food Services of School Canteen. The purpose of this study is to promote
continuous patronage of the school canteen and recommend a more effective strategy in
maintaining the satisfaction level of the students in its food services. Environment can exert a
strong influence on people's food decisions. In order to facilitate students to make more healthy
food choices and to develop healthy eating habits, it is important that the school food environment
is healthy. The Healthy School Canteen programme of The Netherlands Nutrition Centre is an
intervention that helps schools to make their cafeteria's offering healthier. A descriptive study was
conducted by an independent research agency to survey the perceptions, experiences, and opinions
of users of the programme (school directors, parents, students, and health professionals). Results
show that directors and students of participating schools perceive their cafeteria's offering to be
healthier after implementing the programme than prior to implementation. Next, further important
results of the study are highlighted and relations with other projects, caveats, and practical
recommendations are discussed. It is concluded that the Healthy School Canteen programme is a
promising intervention to change the school food environment but that further research is needed to
ultimately establish its effectiveness. Also, it will be a challenge to motivate all schools to enroll in
the programme in order to achieve the goal of the Dutch Government of all Dutch school cafeterias
being healthy by 2015. Several studies have focused on different aspects of food waste such as the
entire food supply chain others on the household sector on the retail sector and on the food service
industry including schools food service units (Kessler, 2016, Betz et al., 2015) The school canteen
is a great place to promote an enjoyment of healthy eating. For students who use the canteen
regularly, the food purchased makes a significant contribution to their total food intake and
nutrition. therefore it makes sense to ensure the best food possible is available to enhance their
ability to learn and take in the Information presented to them in class. However, when running a
school canteen, schools can face a number of problems that stop them from getting the most out of
their service. One of the biggest problem that school canteen experience especially in the public
schools is the lack of space and poor layout design. School canteen especially the kitchen area have
usually confined space and force workers to stand for a long period of time in almost static
motions, causing pain and discomfort. Improper design of workstation wherein repetitive work
activities are performed lead to muscle fatigue and stress (Sripaiboonkij & Taptakanporn, 2014).
Canteen workers are also exposed to occupational injuries due to working in high surfaces and poor
workstation design. Workers experience pain and discomfort in the shoulder and upper limbs due
to raised position of arms during work posture (Pekkarinen, Anttonen & Niskanen, 2015).
A proposed outcome of the study is to create a healthy eating environment in schools. Sri
Lankan school canteen guidelines were issued in 2007. Continuing to provide service Quality
ensures that school canteens achieve higher health standards. This study evaluated canteen service
quality in terms of location, physical appearance, and cleanliness. Food handling practices, food
preparation and serving facilities storage, and waste management. It also looked into the reasons
for deviations from the norm. Service quality from the stipulated guidelines. (M.C. Weerasinghe ,
Samanthi Bandara , M. Sanoon, 2017) Canteens play an important role in the daily nutrition of
many people, including students. A well-balanced, satisfying and healthy diet is just as important to
a busy university/college student as the correct class schedule, teachers or learning environment.
The university canteen should propose menus that promote healthy diet, but at the same time not
limiting their food choices, including new trends in nutrition. Young adulthood is a particularly
important time for the promotion of healthy eating, because during this period, nutrition habits are
developed and remain all through one’s lifetime (Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina,,* Hanna Górska-
Warsewicz, Wacław Laskowski,2and Maria Jeznach 2019)
Theoretical Framework
The theory that being used is supported by Porral et al. (2018) according to Porral et al.
(2018) this study examines whether the level of product involvement influences how emotions
drive consumer satisfaction. Based on the Theory of the Hedonic Asymmetry, it is analyzed
through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) how emotions drive consumer satisfaction. Liu
Rungang et al. (2013) conducted a survey on customer satisfaction in Changzhou University, and
concluded that dining conditions, service quality, and canteen products need to be improved, and
proposed targeted approaches.
According to the randomness of students ’ arrival in the canteen and the randomness of
dining time, a queuing model of canteen service is established. The students ’ arrival rate and
service time are randomly simulated, and the students ’ multi-queue dining service is dynamically
simulated. So got the queuing time, busy rate of dining windows and other factors. Considering the
waiting cost of students and the operating cost of canteen, and effectively combining the epidemic
prevention, the optimal number of canteen windows is obtained. It puts forward the optimization
scheme for students to eat, and provides feasible suggestions for canteen managers and schools.
The theory that has been used is based on the Statement of the Problem of the study because the
researcher's want to determine the service efficiency of the Universidad de Manila canteen
perceived by the Grade 12 Home economics students of school year 2022 - 2023
Paradigm of the Study
INPU PROCES OUTPU

T S T
 TheDetermined the degree

level of efficiency of  To obtain information
theofcanteen
satisfaction with
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at the from respondents, the
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Universidad de de
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 TheManila's
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terms of: with the
students  Statistical Treatment carry out their objectives for
- Nutritional
Universidad de value
- Quality
Manila’s canteen
this study.
service.
- Price
 Percentage Calculation
 The- relationship
Cleanliness of
Formula
Universidad de Input. These are the aspects
Manila’s canteen
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of satisfaction of
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determined.
researchers’ goal is to reveal these factors in order to get the
result they expect. It serves as the foundation for both the

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
required action and the desired outcome.
Process. The researchers chose to conduct surveys online due to the wide range of
respondents’ availability and schedules. The researchers chose this technique since the study
requires a large number of respondents, and they wanted to ensure that individuals who couldn’t
take part would still be willing to offer their thoughts and take the survey. A crucial step that will
determine whether the researchers’ desired outcomes are achieved or not.
Output. These are the anticipated outcomes and transformed inputs that were discovered
by researchers. The outputs, also known as the findings, are important in helping people recognize
the study’s conclusions.
To put it simply, Figure 1 shows how the researchers will carry out their investigation and
how they can make it happen. Along with the expected inputs and output of the study, which will
act as a manual for how the study will be conducted. A manual that is simple enough for readers to
grasp and inquisitive enough to want to know the outcome.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Garcia, J. ., Litang, J. K. ., Obena, A. ., Villa, H. ., Gutierez, M. ., & Tamon, C.-J. S. . (2019). Level
of Satisfaction of Grade 12 ABM Students in Food Services in the School Canteen of Bestlink
College of the Philippines School Year 2018-2019. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College
of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1). Retrieved from
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/1390
Garg A., Kumar J. Exploring customer satisfaction with university cafeteria food services. An
empirical study of Temptation Restaurant at Taylor’s University, Malaysia. Eur. J. Tour. Hosp.
Recreat. 2017;8:96–106. doi: 10.1515/ejthr-2017-0009.
Ann Jelaine C. Pajantoy 1, Siony C. Ubane* Assessment on the Canteen Services in All Central
Schools of Catarman: Basis in the Design of a Model Canteen https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalppw.com%2Findex.php%2Fjpsp
%2Farticle%2Fdownload
%2F11244%2F7257%2F13188&ved=2ahUKEwj75Lg3OD9AhUdVWwGHfkqApoQFnoECAwQ
AQ&usg=AOvVaw0AxMkCty81LKdCcVm3Ppy&fbclid=IwAR0YbSDLuJQqd35KGmMUci6bT
w_JLktmQDkppXuj2vtMYn2h9plmEsokKw
Ji Y-G, Ko W-H. Developing a Catering Quality Scale for University Canteens in China: From the
Perspective of Food Safety. Sustainability. 2022; 14(3):1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031281
M.C. Weerasinghe , Samanthi Bandara , M. Sanoon 2017 Service quality of school canteens: A
case study from the Western Province, Sri Lanka
https://cjms.sljol.info/articles/10.4038/cjms.v54i2.4817/galley/357/download/
Danrev John R. Labay , Emmanuel Raymond D. Macuha , Henri Alexis O. Mondragon , Arvin
Klein E. Sarmiento , Mark Renz B. Veron , Luisito Salazar , Beverly T. Caiga 2015 Maritime
Students’ Satisfaction on the Services Rendered by the Canteen
https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/APJME-2015-002-Sarmiento-
Arvin-Level-of-Satisfaction-of-LIMA-Students-on-the-Services-Rendered-by-LIMA-
CANTEEN.pdf
Service Efficiency Of School Canteen Mels
https://www.academia.edu/35867746/service_efficiency_of_school_canteen?
fbclid=IwAR2fvoXkgUnpw6ilWVgnq7WGTbXFFRqVZeV11ZAZEfcDiU7GiO4B_DacVDE
Ma. Janice J. Gumasing, Eidref Joseph E. Espejo An Ergonomic Approach on Facilities and
Workstation Design of Public School Canteen in the Philippines 2020
http://www.ieomsociety.org/ieom2020/papers/238.pdf
Rechie P. Carpio, Carolyn M. Illescas, David R. Perez & Lovina A. Hamora
https://www.peerianjournal.com/index.php/tpj/article/view/15/11
Curriculum Vitae
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter shows how the researchers collected the data and techniques used throughout
the research.
Reseach Design
Research Locale
The research is conducted in the vicnity of Universidad de Manila. Located infront of
Manila City Hall and at the left side of LRT Central Station. Close to SM Manila.

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Universidad De Manila

(Formerly City College of Manila) 1

“SERVICE EFFICIENCY OF UNIVERSIDAD DE MANILA CANTEEN AS PERCEIVED

research by others, with whom we have worked at Universidad De Manila or elsewhere, is

explicitly acknowledged in the thesis.

VIllarias, Maria Sophia Audencial, Ading

Ore, Sophia Victoria Llacer, Ella Mae

deepest gratitude and God bless!

With the Deepest love and appreciation

We dedicate all the sacrifices and hardship

Embodied in this humble piece of art to our

Who had served as our inspiration and gave us strength

To continue creating this masterpiece.

Background of the study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Paradigm of the Study

Problem and It’s Background

Statement of the Problem

perceived by Grade 12 Home economics students of School Year 2022-2023. Specifically;

Manila’s canteen service effectiveness?

Universidad de manila canteen, in terms of;

b. Quality of the food

c. Price of the food

d. Cleanliness of the school canteens

level of satisfaction of Grade 12 Home economics students of School year 2022-2023?

level of satisfaction of Grade 12 Home economics students of School yeat 2022-2023.

Significance of the Study

2023. Additionally, this research will be beneficial to the following:

cleanliness, and sanitation.

and the fundamental services that the school is required to offer.

inquiry regarding canteen service quality and student satisfaction.

Scope and Delimitations

Review of Related Literature

of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2013).

its vision and mission to better serve their customers' needs.

Warsewicz, Wacław Laskowski,2and Maria Jeznach 2019)

proposed targeted approaches.

Paradigm of the Study

INPU PROCES OUTPU

 TheDetermined the degree

result they expect. It serves as the foundation for both the

determine whether the researchers’ desired outcomes are achieved or not.

the study’s conclusions.

grasp and inquisitive enough to want to know the outcome.

of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1). Retrieved from

Recreat. 2017;8:96–106. doi: 10.1515/ejthr-2017-0009.

Schools of Catarman: Basis in the Design of a Model Canteen https://www.google.com/url?

Perspective of Food Safety. Sustainability. 2022; 14(3):1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031281

case study from the Western Province, Sri Lanka

Students’ Satisfaction on the Services Rendered by the Canteen

Service Efficiency Of School Canteen Mels

Workstation Design of Public School Canteen in the Philippines 2020

Rechie P. Carpio, Carolyn M. Illescas, David R. Perez & Lovina A. Hamora

The research is conducted in the vicnity of Universidad de Manila. Located infront of

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