Working principal of Centrifugal pump.

HYD (22401)

MAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOF TECHNICALEDUCATION MUMBAI

A
PROJECTREPORT ON

“Working principal of centrifugal pump.”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

“S.A.Malviya”

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DR. D.Y.PATIL POLYTECHNIC,

KASABA BAWADA,KOLHAPUR

SEMESTER - IV

YEAR :-2020-2021

SUBMITTEDBY:-

1) Sakshi Sachin Bhosale Roll No. :- 2401

2) Swapnil Krushna Pawar Roll No. :- 2433

Dr. D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur. (2020-21) Page No.1
Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms:-Swapnil Krushna Pawar

Roll No:-2433 of 4rd Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering (2nd Year)
of Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Polytechnic (Code : 0539 ) has completed the

Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject - HYD (22401) for the academic year 2020-

2021 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Kolhapur Enrollment No : 1805390003

Date : .............. Exam. Seat No: ..............

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The success & find outcome of this project required a lot of guidance &
assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got
all along the completion of our project. All that we have done is only due
to such supervision & assistance & I would not forget to thanks them.

I own my deep gratitude to our project guide Miss.S.A.Malviya who took

keen interest on our project work & guided us all along , till the
completion of our project work by providing all the necessary
Information for developing a good system.

I am thankful to & fortunate enough to get constant encouragement,

support & guidance form all teaching staffs of Basic Science which help us
in successful completing our project work.

Date:

Place:Kolhapur.

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

Index

SR. CONTENT PAGE NO.

NO.
1 Contents 08

2 Pumps 09

3 Types of pumps 09

4 Centrifugal Pump Working Principal 10

5 Efficiency of Centrifugal Pump 10

6 Priming of Centrifugal Pump 11

7 Types of Centrifugal Pump 12

8 Advantages of Centrifugal Pumps 12

9 Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pumps 13

10 Applications of Centrifugal Pumps 13

11 Future Scope 14
12 Conclusion 14

13 Reference 15

Part A
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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

0.1 Course Outcomes Addressed

To provide an awareness of the codes that governs the construction of centrifugal

pumps.
To provide a basic engineering understanding and knowledge of centrifugal pumps.

0.2 Literature review

According to Reti , the first machine that could be characterized as a centrifugal
pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as early as 1475 in a treatise by the
Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini. True centrifugal pumps were
not developed until the late 17th century, when Denis Papin built one using straight
vanes. The curved vane was introduced by British inventor John Appold in 1851.

0.3 Actual Methodology Followed

We have to done the following process in the fourth semester to complete the
task for making these projects of Working principal of centrifugal pump.

First of all, we understand the micro project and then prepared on it all the five
students in the group were well explained the project.
The work was distributed to all group members and the project proposal was first
prepare.
After the proposal the preparation of the real project is on. After understanding
the project, we need some resources to prepare the micro project on Working
principal of centrifugal pump.
Start preparing a project the task of every group member will be distributed
according to their skill, knowledge and capabilities.
The first group member Vishmay khandekar, Shital Harinkhede, Sagar Tandekar
and Nikhil Chopkar start collecting the data about centrifugal pump.
After collecting all the data which is required for the Project. we start to prepare a
micro project As Saurabh Shribhadre to preparing the Project report.

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

This way we complete the project work of working principal of centrifugal pump
and ready to submit it to us after the report was ready. And submit our micro-
project.

0.4 Actual Resources Used

Sr. Name of Resource Specification Quantity

No

1 Reference book PM Cherry 01

2 Internet For collect Information

0.5 Outputs of The Micro- project

We study about the Working principal of centrifugal pump.

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

7.0 Skill Development /Learning out of these Micro- projects:

We understood all about the Working principal of centrifugal pump.
We clear the concept of how to prevent the centrifugal pump.

8.0 Application of the Micro-Project:

In the modern era it is very essential to learn all the concepts and in a modern era it is area
of digital India. Now in this modern here it is very basic to have teaching skill with the
project. Our micro project can be used by students, teachers, lectures and any person who
have interest to learn may use our project and can learn the working principal of centrifugal
pump by very simple way.

9.0 Area of Future Improvement

We prepare for this micro project proposal, we have look books of Environmental
engineering for getting information of centrifugal pump. Then we search from internet
about the working principles of centrifugal pump.

Part B
Contents

1. Pumps
2. Types of Pumps
3. Centrifugal Pump Working Principle
4. The efficiency of Centrifugal Pump
5. Priming of Centrifugal Pump
6. Types of Centrifugal Pump
7. Advantages of Centrifugal Pumps

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8. Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pumps

9. Applications of Centrifugal Pumps
10.Future scope
11.Conclusion
12.Reference

Pumps
Since the olden times, the man has been trying to find some convenient ways of lifting
water to higher levels, for water supply or irrigation purposes. It is believed that the idea of
lifting water, by centrifugal force, was first given by L.D. Vinci (an Italian scientist and
engineer) in the end of 16 th century. Then this idea was put to experiments by French
scientist and they designed centrifugal pump, having impeller and blades. At that time, the
reciprocating pumps were very popular. Then a continuous advancement of this pump has
brought it to a high degree of perfection, which is used all over the world these days.

Types of Pumps
Though there are many types of Pumps these days, yet the following two are important
from the subject point of view:

1. Centrifugal pump
2. Reciprocating pump

Centrifugal pump

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The centrifugal pump definition is, a pump which can be used for handling huge amount of
liquids to provide extremely high flow rates, and they have the capability to regulate their
flow of liquid rates over a wide range.

Generally, these pumps are designed for liquids which have a comparatively low viscosity
that transfers like light oil otherwise water. Some of the viscosity’s liquids at 680F -700F will
require extra horsepower to work the centrifugal pumps. Centrifugal
pump components mainly include three parts such as an impeller, a casing, suction pipe by a
foot valve & strainer delivery pipe.
A centrifugal pump utilizes rotation to pass on velocity in the direction of the fluid. Each
centrifugal pump uses a hydraulic component like an impeller that turns to pass on velocity
toward the pumped fluid.

This pump mainly used to change the velocity into liquid flow. Each pump uses a hydraulic
component like a casing that captures the velocity which is informed by the impeller &
directs the pushed fluid toward the pump expulsion end.

Centrifugal Pump Working Principle

The centrifugal pump working principle mainly depends on the flow of forced vortex which
means whenever a certain accumulation of liquid or fluid is permitted to turn with an
exterior torque than there will be an increase within rotating liquid pressure head takes
place.

The increase in pressure head can be used to carry water from one site to another site. It is
the force performing on the liquid that makes to supply in the casing.

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

The efficiency of Centrifugal Pump

The efficiency of a centrifugal pump can be defined as the ratio of the output power (water)
to the input power (shaft). It can be demonstrated by using the following equation.

                                                       Ef = PW / PS
Ef is efficiency

Pw is the water power

Ps is the shaft power

In the U.S, the shaft power is the power given to the shaft of the pump in BHP (brake
horsepower), and the water power Pw is

Pw = (Q x H) / 3960
Where ‘Q ‘is flow and ‘H’ is head.

In the above equation, the constant (3,960) changes the flow of the product & head into
BHP. Above equations calculate that a pump generates 100 GPM on 30-feet of head &
needs 1BHP. This will have total efficiency that is 75.7% at the end of the flow. The second
equation expansion also permits the calculation of the BHP necessary at one point on the
act of the centrifugal pump characteristic curve if we recognize its hydraulic efficiency.

Priming of Centrifugal Pump

The pump priming is the most important step while starting a centrifugal pump. Because
these pumps are not capable of pumping vapors otherwise air. It is the one type of method
where the impeller of a pump will obtain totally submerged within fluid exclusive of some
air trap inside. This is particularly needed as there is a primary startup.

The priming methods are classified into four types namely manually, with a vacuum pump,
with a jet pump, and with separator.

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Types of Centrifugal Pump

The classification of a centrifugal pump can be done mainly based on factors like
construction, design, service, application, observance with an industry standard, etc. Thus,
one exact pump can fit into dissimilar groups which are discussed below. Based on the

number of impellers used within the pump, these pumps are classified into the following
types.

Single Stage Pump

The single stage pump is a single impeller pump, and the design and maintenance ofthis
pump are very simple. These pumps are perfect for huge flow rates as well as low-pressure
fixing. Single stage pumps are normally used in pumping services like high-flow & low to
moderate total dynamic head (TDH).

Two Stage Pump

The two-stage pump can be built with two impellers which are working side by side. These
pumps are mainly used in middle head applications.

Multi-Stage Pump
The multi-stage pump can be built with two or three impellers which are connected in
series. These pumps are used for high head service.

Advantages of Centrifugal Pumps

The centrifugal pumps advantages include the following.

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 These pumps do not include drive seals that reduce leakage risk.
 These pumps are used to pump out harmful and risky fluids.
 These pumps have magnetic coupling that can be damaged simply in overload situations
as well as protects the pump from external forces.
 The motor and pump are separated from each other so heat transfer is impossible from
the motor to pump.
 These pumps generate low friction.

Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pumps

The centrifugal pumps disadvantages include the following.

 The energy loss can be occurred due to the coupling that generates some magnetic
resistance.
 Once the intense load occurs, possibilities are there for the coupling fall.
 If fluids with ferrous particles are pumped out, then rust occurs & over the time pump
stops working.
 When the flow of liquid is less through the pump, then the overheating can occur.

Applications of Centrifugal Pumps

The centrifugal pumps applications include the following. The centrifugal pumps are the
frequently used pumps, and the flow of fluid makes them useful in several applications like
industries, pressure boosting, water supplying, domestic necessities, support fire defense
systems, regulating boiler water, and sewage drainage, etc. Some of the major applications
include the following.

 These pumps are used in the oil and energy industries for pumping oil, mud, slurry,
and power generation plants.
 These pumps are used in industrial and fire protection for ventilation & heating, boiler
feed, pressure boosting, fire security sprinkler systems, and air conditioning.
 These pumps are used in waste management, agriculture, and manufacturing for
wastewater processing plants, gas processing, irrigation, drainage, municipal industry,
and overflow security.
 These pumps are used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical industries for hydrocarbons,
paints, cellulose, petrochemical, beverage production, sugar refining, and food.

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Future scope

Our latest research report entitled Centrifugal Pump Market (by product type (single
stage pump, multi stage pump, axial, mixed flow pumps, submersible pumps, seal-less,
circulator pump), end-user (industrial, agricultural, domestic)) provides complete and
deep insights into the market dynamics and growth of Centrifugal Pump. Latest
information on market risks, industry chain structure Centrifugal Pump cost structure
and opportunities are offered in this report. The past, present and forecast market
information will lead to investment feasibility by studying the essential Centrifugal Pump
growth factors.

Conclusion

 Transportation of fluids, relatively with high speed.

 Centrifugal pump mostly uses for commercial purpose.
 Centrifugal pump has simple shape so ultimately it is cost effective.
 Less power consumption.
 Working mechanism is simple.
 Can be used to pump suspended or toxic fluids.
 Not used for volatile or viscous fluids.

Reference

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Working principal of Centrifugal pump. HYD (22401)

 A Textbook of fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machines by Dr.R.K. Barsal.

 https: en Wikipedia/centrifugal pump.
 https://www.elprocus.com/centrifugal-pumps-working-types-and-applications/

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