In Persian, as in many other languages, there is a formal and

an informal way of speaking. We will be covering this in more

Lesson 1: How to Greet
People and Ask How
They're Doing
Welcome to Lesson 1 of Learn Persian with Chai and
Conversation! With Chai and Conversation, you'll learn to
speak and understand conversational Persian, which is very
detail in later lessons. For now, however, chetor-ee is the
informal way of asking someone how they are, so it should
only be used with people that you are familiar with. hālé
shomā chetor-é is the formal expression for ʻhow are you.ʼ
Spelling note: In written Persian, words are not capitalized.
For this reason, we do not capitalize Persian words written in
phonetic English in the guides.
Note: In these guides, we provide the Persian word written

different from written, formal Persian. In these lessons, we'll both in phonetic English and in Persian script. It's not

guide you through the beginning of the Persian language and necessary to learn to read and write in order to learn to speak

help you learn the basics of Persian. conversational Persian. However, it will help you with the
learning process and will eventually open many doors for the
GREETINGS: Persian language, especially since many quality resources
assume you can read and write Persian. It's not very difficult
salām
to learn, especially with the Chai and Conversation Reading
hello
and Writing Program. It's a great thing to learn now in the
‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ beginning, since the deeper you get into learning, the more
you'll be concentrating on more complicated aspects of the
chetor-ee
language, like grammar. So, although it's not necessary, we
how are you?
highly recommend you give it a try.
‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ
ANSWERS: Pronunciation tip: Although this comes from the French word
for ʻthank you,ʼ the pronunciation is slightly different. The ʻrʼ
khoobam in the Persian version is rolled, rather than the guttural
Iʼm well French ʻr.ʼ
‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
Bonus tip: Another common word for 'thank you' in Persian is
Pronunciation tip: kh is one of two unique sounds in the mamnoon. This word can be used in place of merci in all these
Persian language that is not used in the English language. It examples.
should be repeated daily until mastered, as it is essential to
khayli
successfully speak Persian. Listen to the podcast for more
very
information on how to make the sound.
‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
Conversation 1:
khayli khoobam
Iʼm very well
Leyla: salām matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
ِ
Matt: khoobam, merci, chetor-ee? ، ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ khoob neestam
ِ
Iʼm not well
Leyla: khoobam, merci. ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

merci Cultural note: Just as you wouldnʼt hear an English speaker

thank you say ʻI am not wellʼ very o en, culturally, Iranians will rarely
use this as an answer to the question ʻHow are you?ʼ
‫ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
Generally, the polite way to answer the question is to answer
in a positive way, even if one is not feeling very postiive.
 man
me/I END OF LESSON 1
‫ﻣَﻦ‬
Note: At the end of the guide for each lesson, we provide
Conversation 2: bonus vocabulary for those who want to further their
understanding of the language at a quicker pace. These words
Leyla: salām matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬
َ are provided in the vocabulary list of each lesson so you can
Matt: khoobam, merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ، ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
hear the way they are pronounced.

Leyla: man, khoob neestam. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ ﺧﻮب‬،‫ﻣَﻦ‬

BONUS VOCABULARY
(inquiring minds want to know):
Pronunciation tip: The ʻaʼ in man is like the ʻaʼ in ʻhatʼ, not like
chetor-een?
the ʻaʼ in the English word ʻman.ʼ
how are you? (formal)
bad neestam ‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬
ِ
Iʼm not bad
hālé shomā chetor-é?
‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
how are you? (formal)

ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
Pronunciation tip: The ʻaʼ in bad, like the ʻaʼ in the previously
ِ
learned man, is like the a in ʻhat,ʼ not like the ʻaʼ in the English
word ʻbad.ʼ hālet chetor-é?
how are you? (informal)
ālee ‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬
great
‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬
 khoob-ee?
are you well? (informal)
‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬
Pronunciation Guide:
mamnoon
a short a like in hat
thank you
‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ā long a like in not

chetor peesh meeré?

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
howʼs it going?
‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯿﺮِه؟‬
ِ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ché khabar?
whatʼs the news? (whatʼs up?)
‫ﭼﻪ ﺧَﺒَﺮ؟‬
ِ
 shab bekheir
good night
َ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

Lesson 2: How to Greet khodāhāfez

goodbye
People at Different Times ُ‫ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬
of Day, Say Goodbye, and Note: In casual speech, you will o en hear the shortened
Introduce Yourself version of this word, which is khodāfez. Either way of saying it
is completely valid.
Greetings Throughout the Day:
feʼlan
sobh bekheir
goodbye (for now)
good morning
 ً‫ﻓِﻌﻼ‬
‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ ﺑ‬
ُ
Note: The word feʼlan is usually used when saying goodbye on
rooz bekheir
the phone, and o en is combined with pass, the Persian word
good day
for ʻthen,ʼ forming pass feʼlan. This means something along
‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ ‫روز ﺑ‬
the lines of, ʻOk then, goodbye for now.ʼ
asr bekheir
bé omeedé deedār
good a ernoon
in hopes of seeing you again
َ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋَﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺑِﺎُﻣﯿِﺪ دﯾﺪار‬

Saying Goodbye:
 tā baʼad khoshvaghtam
until later pleased to meet you
‫ﺗﺎ ﺑ َ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 

Pronunciation tip: baʼad is a slightly tricky word. There is a

Conversation:
stop in the middle of the word, making it more drawn out and
thereby different than the word bad learned in the previous
Leyla: salām sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
lesson.
Matt : salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
tā fardā Leyla: chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ
until tomorrow
Matt : khoobam merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ، ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا‬
Leyla: khoobam merci. esmé man leyla hast. . ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻟِﯿﻼ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
Introductions: Matt: esmé man mat hast. ‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
Leyla: khoshvaghtam! ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷَ ﻮﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 
esmé man ____________ hast.
My name is __________. Matt : khoshvaghtam. ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷَ ﻮﻗﺘَﻢ‬ 

‫ﺣﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ــــــــ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ ِ ‫ا‬.
Translation:
Note: hast is one of the words that is different in spoken vs.
written Persian. In written Persian, the word 'is' is ast.
Leyla: Hello, good morning.
However, when spoken, the 'h' sound gets added to it and it
Matt : Hello, good morning.
sounds like hast.
Leyla: How are you?
Matt : I am well thanks, and you?
Leyla: I am well thanks. My name is Leyla.
 Matt : My name is Matt. safar bekheir
Leyla: Iʼm pleased (to meet you). safe journey (bon voyage!َ)
Matt : Iʼm pleased (to meet you). ‫ﺳﻔَﺮ ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬ 
َ

khodā negahdār

End of Lesson 2 goodbye (God keep you safeُ)

‫ﺧُﺪاﻧَِﮕﻬﺪار‬ 

Bonus Vocabulary (inquiring meebeenamet

minds want to know): see you (informal, addressed to one person)

‫ﻣ ﺑﯿﻨَﻤِﺖ‬ 

ghorbānat
kind of you, your sacrifice Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﻗُﺮﺑﺎﻧ َﺖ‬  a short a like in hat

Cultural note: ghorbānat is a great example of Iranian

ā long a like in not
exaggeration. It literally means ʻI am your sacrificeʼ or ʻI would
sacrifice myself for you,ʼ and is used in many contexts,
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
especially when saying goodbye.
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
dorood!
hi! greetingsُ!
‫دُرود‬
 USING THE DIFFERENT FORMS
OF YOU:
va shomā?

Lesson 3: How to and you? (formal)

‫و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
Introduce Where You are
From, and Introducing the esmé tō chee-yé?
What is your name? (informal)
Different forms of You ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬

esmé shomā chee-yé?

FORMS OF YOU: What is your name? (formal)
shomā ‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
you (formal)
Note: chee-yé is the equivalent of the word chee which means
‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
ʻwhatʼ plus the word hast, which mean ʻis.ʼ In Persian, words
tō are o en combined like this in conversational speech, making
you (informal) written Persian very different than spoken Persian. In the PDF

‫ﺗﻮ‬ Guides of Chai and Conversation, we will represent two joined

Note: In general, Persian culture is very polite and respectful.
When in doubt, you can comfortably default to the shomā
form. However, you will be easily understood using either
version of the word.
words with the use of a hyphen. We will get into the grammar
and technicalities of such combined words in Unit 3.
Conversation 1:
Leyla: salām sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﻮ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬
Matt: salām, esmé man matt hast. esmé to chee-yé? ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ shomā ahlé kojā hasteen?
‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ Where are you from? (formal)
Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬
Matt: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬
Note: hasteen means ʻyou areʼ in Persian. There is another
way to conjugate ʻto beʼ in the second person formal form,
Conversation 2:
however, and that is hasteed. When the word is written, it
takes that form. However, in colloquial conversation, you are
Leyla: salām, rooz bekheir.‫ روز ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬َ more likely to see the word conjugated as hasteen. This is the
Matt: rooz bekheir. esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﻢ‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫روز ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬ general rule for the formal second person conjugation of
‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ words in Persian- in written form, they appear as -eed, and in

Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. va shomā? ‫ﻟﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬ spoken colloquial form they appear as -een. Because Chai and
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
Conversation focuses on conversational Persian, we will be
‫ و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ؟‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
learning the more colloquial spoken form throughout the
Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ lessons.
Leyla: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬
man az _________ hastam.
Matt: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬
I am from __________.
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ــــــ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
WHERE ARE YOU FROM?
tō ahlé kojā hastee? SPECIFIC COUNTRIES:
Where are you from? (informal)
man az irān hastam. ‫ﻣِﮑﺰﯾﮏ‬
I am from Iran.
cānādā
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
Canada
āmrikā ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎدا‬
the United States
‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬
DIALOGUE:
espāniā
ham
Spain
also
‫اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ
englees
England Conversation 3:
‫اِﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺲ‬
Leyla: salām, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
āllmān
Matt: khoobam merci, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ، ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
Germany
Leyla: bad neestam. esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
‫آﻟﻤﺎن‬
‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
farāncé Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
France
Leyla: tō ahlé kojā hastee, matt? ، ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺗﻮ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻣَﺖ؟‬
mexic Matt: man az āmrikā hastam. tō ahlé kojā hastee? ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز‬
Mexico ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺗﻮ ا‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ َ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬
Leyla: man ham az āmrikā hastam! ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ اَز‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ cānādā

‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ Canada
َ
‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎدا‬

otreesh
Austria
Translation:
‫آﺗﺮﯾﺶ‬
Leyla: Hello, how are you? jāpon
Matt: Iʼm good, thanks, how are you? Japan
Leyla: Not bad. Whatʼs your name?
‫ژاﭘُﻦ‬
Matt: My name is Matt.
Leyla: Where are you from, Matt? italiā
Matt: I am from the United States. Where are you from? Italy
Leyla: I am also from the United States! ‫اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬

cheen
END OF LESSON 3
China
‫ﭼﯿﻦ‬
BONUS VOCABULARY
hendoostān
(inquiring minds want to know):
India
man az tehrān hastam. ‫ﻫِﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن‬
I am from Tehran.
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ از ﺗِﻬﺮان‬
Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ā long a like in not ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 hasteen? We teach it this way at the beginning of Chai and
Conversation to give you a familiar way of asking the question
and allowing you to communicate quickly and efficiently.

Lesson 4: How to Say ANSWERS:

Where You Live, and balé
Answer Simple Questions yes
‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬
ASKING WHERE OTHERS ARE āré
FROM: yea

tō az ___________ hastee?
‫آري‬
Are you from _________? (informal)
na
َ ‫ﺗﻮ اَز ـــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬ no

shomā az ___________ hasteen?

‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
Are you from _________? (formal)
Note: Just like in English, where you can substitute the word
َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ از ـــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ ʻyeahʼ for ʻyesʼ in casual conversation, the word āré can be
used in Persian in informal contexts. However, just as you
Note: This is a very informal and simplified way of asking
wouldnʼt use ʻyeaʼ in a context in which you should be more
someone where they're from. Other ways of asking this
polite or proper, āré is less polite than balé, and should only
question are tō ahlé _____ hastee or shomā ahlé ______
be used in familiar and casual contexts.
 man az __________ hastam.
Conversation 2:
I am from _____________.
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
Leyla: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ ﺻﺒﺢ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Note: In order to change a sentence from positive to negative, Matt: salām. esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻼم اِﺳ‬
َ
you use the word neestam instead of hastam. neestam means Leyla: man leyla hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬
ʻI am not.ʼ Matt: tō az āmrikā hastee? ‫؟‬ َ ‫ﺗﻮ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
Leyla: na, man az āmrikā neestam. man az irān hastam.
man az __________ neestam.
I am not from _____________. َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬.‫ ﻣَﻦ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــــــ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
Conversation note: Instead of answering the usual esmé man
leyla hast, the phrase used was man leylā hastam. This simply
Conversation 1:
means ʻI am Leyla.ʼ

Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬

َ man leyla hastam.
Matt: salām. esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ I am Leyla.
Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. va shomā? ‫ﻣَﺖ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻟﯿﻼ‬
‫ و ﺷُ ﻤﺎ؟‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
Matt: esmé man matt hast. shomā az āmrikā hasteen? ‫ﻢ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬ TALKING ABOUT WHERE YOU
َ ‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬ LIVE:
Leyla: balé, man az āmrikā hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ اَزآﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
man dar __________ zendegee meekonam.
I live in __________.
‫ﻣَﻦ دَر ـــــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
 dar __________ zendegee meekonam. kojā zendegee meekoneen?
I live in __________. Where do you live? (formal)
‫دَر ـــــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬

tō kojā zendegee meekonee? man az ______ hastam, vali hālā dar ______ zendegee
Where do you live? (informal) meekonam.
‫ﺗ ُﻮ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ I am from _______, but now I live in _______.
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز ـــــــــــ‬
‫ وﻟ دَر ـــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
shomā kojā zendegee meekoneen?
Where do you live? (formal) vali
‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬ but
‫وَﻟ‬
Note: Just as you can drop the man when answering dar
__________ zendegee meekonam, you can drop the noun hālā
when asking a question as well. For example, when asking tō now
kojā zendegee meekonee, you can simply say kojā zendegee ‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬
meekonee. The word meekonee indicates that you are
speaking to an informal ʻyou.ʼ Similarly, you can simply say Conversation 4:
kojā zendegee meekoneen instead of shomā kojā zendegee
meekoneen, as the shomā is implied. Leyla: salām. ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
kojā zendegee meekonee? Matt: asr bekheir. chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ .‫ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑِﺨﯿﺮ‬
Where do you live? (informal) Leyla: khoobam, merci. ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬ Matt: esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
Leyla: esmé man leyla hast. esmé tō chee-yé? ‫ﻟﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ END OF LESSON 4:
Matt: esmé man matt hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺖ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
َ ‫اَز اﯾﺮان‬
Leyla: az irān hastee? ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬
BONUS VOCABULARY
Matt: na, man az irān neestam. man az āmrikā hastam. tō
(inquiring minds want to know):
ham az āmrikā hastee?‫اَز‬
‫ ﻣَﻦ‬.‫ ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
eenjā
َ ‫ﻫﻢ اَز آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘ َ ؟‬ َ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬َ ‫ آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ 
here
Leyla: man az irān hastam, vali hālā dar āmrikā zendegee
‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬
meekonam. ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ اَز اﯾﺮان‬
‫ وﻟ ﺣﺎﻻ دَر‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ az eenjā hastee?
Are you from here? (informal)

Translation: َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬

az eenjā hasteen?
Leyla: Hello.
Are you from here? (formal)
Matt: Good a ernoon. How are you?
Leyla: Iʼm good, thanks.
َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬
Matt: What is your name?
az eenjā neestam.
Leyla: My name is Leyla. What is your name? I am not from here.
Matt: My name is Matt.
‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
Leyla: Are you from Iran?
Matt: No, I am not from Iran. I am from the United States. az eenjā hastam.
Are you also from the United States? I am from here.
Leyla: I am from Iran, but now I live in the United States. َ ‫اَز اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
 esmesh _________ hast.
ā long a like in not
Its name is _________.
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ ــــــــــــ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 ‫ﺪر‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

dokhtar
daughter (literally girl)

Lesson 5: How to Talk ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

About Your Family, and pesar

Introduce Their Names son (literally boy)

‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

shohar
FAMILY MEMBERS:
husband
barādar َ ‫ﺷُ ﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬
brother
‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬ zan
wife (literally woman)
khāhar ‫زَن‬
sister
‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬ Note: As you can see above, the words for daughter, son, and
wife donʼt have a specific term relating them as a family
mādar member. Rather, the listener must rely on context clues to
mother differentiate whether, for example, you are talking about an
‫ﻣﺎدَر‬ unrelated boy when you refer to a pesar or to your son.

pedar
father BEING POSSESSIVE:
 mādaré man
my mother
‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻦ‬
Note: In the Persian language, when you are implying a
relationship to a certain noun, you must link it to yourself
literally in speech by adding an -é to the end of the noun. The
-é is called an ezafé. When linking two nouns together to
imply ownership, simply use this formula- belonging + é +
owner.
Note: As has been pointed out before, written Persian is very
different than spoken Persian. In written Persian, the above
sentence would be een zané man hast. We will go over the
technicalities of the grammar in Unit 3, but for now, know
that man hast becomes man-é when translated from written
Persian to conversational Persian. In other words, man hast =
man-é.
Conversation 1:

pesaré man Sām: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬

ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
my son Maryam: salām. man maryam hastam. esmé tō chee-yé?

‫ﭘِﺴﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬

ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬.‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Sām: esmé man sām hast. een zané man-é, va een pesaré
dokhtaré man man-é.ِ ‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ن ﻣَﻨِﻪ و اﯾﻦ‬
ِ َ‫ اﯾﻦ ز‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎم‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
my daughter
‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬
‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬
Maryam: khoshvaghtam. een shoharé man-é, va een
dokhtaré man-é.ِ ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ و اﯾﻦ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬
INTRODUCTIONS: ‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬

een _________-é man-é.

eeshoon _________-é man-and.
This is my _________. (informal)
This is my _________. (formal)
‫ه ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬-__________ ‫اﯾﻦ‬.
‫ه ﻣَﻨَﻨﺪ‬-__________ ‫اﯾﺸﻮن‬
Note: Just as man-é is a combination of man and hast, man- ‫ه‬-_________ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ‬
and is the spoken conversational equivalent of the written
man + hastand. hastand is the formal conjugation of the verb esmeshoon _________-é.

hast, or ʻto be.ʼ Her/his name is _________. (formal)

‫ه‬-_________ ‫اِﺳﻤِﺸﻮن‬
Also note: The more formal (and written) way to say
esmeshoon is eshmeshān. But you will usually hear it spoken
Conversation 3:
the way we are learning it.

Shirin: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬

ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Conversation 2:
Pedrām: salām. chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Sām: salām, sobh bekheir. ‫ﺨﯿﺮ‬ Shirin: khoobam, merci. tō chetor-ee? ‫ﺗﻮ‬ . ‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Maryam: salām. man maryam hastam va eeshoon madaré ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬
ِ
man-and. ‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻨَﻨﺪ‬ ‫ و اﯾﺸﻮن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬.‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ Pedrām: khoobam. esm-é tō chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ‫ اﺳ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
Sām: khoshvaghtam. esmé man sām hast va een barādaré Shirin: esmé man shirin hast. esmé to chee-yé? ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
man-é.ِ ‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ و اﯾﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎم‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺗﻮ ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ Pedrām: esmé man pedrām hast. ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ ﭘِﺪرام‬ ِ ‫اﺳ‬
Maryam: khoshvaghtam. ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻮَﻗﺘَﻢ‬ Shirin: ahlé kojā hastee pedrām? ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﭘِﺪرام؟‬ َ ‫اﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬
ِ
Pedrām: man ahlé esfāhān hastam. ‫ﻫﻞ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ا‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ
HIS/HER NAME IS: Shirin: man ham ahlé esfāhān hastam, vali hālā dar pāris
esmesh _________-é. zendegee meekonam. ‫ وَﻟ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
Her/his name is _________. (informal) ‫ﺣﺎﻻ دَر ﭘﺎرﯾﺲ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Pedrām: een zané man-é. esmesh marjon-é. .‫ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ ‫ن‬
ِ َ‫اﯾﻦ ز‬
‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ ﻣَﺮﺟﺎﻧِﻪ‬ END OF LESSON 5
Shirin: salām marjon. va een shoharé man-é. esmesh
madani-yé. ‫اِﺳﻤِﺶ‬ .‫ﻫﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬
َ ‫ و اﯾﻦ ﺷﻮ‬.‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺮﺟﺎن‬
َ BONUS VOCABULARY
‫ﺪﻧﯿِﻪ‬
َ َ‫ﻣ‬ (inquiring minds want to know):
Pedrām: va een ham pesaré man-é. esmesh bobak-é. ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬
hamsar
‫ اِﺳﻤِﺶ ﺑﺎﺑَﮑِﻪ‬.‫ﺴﺮ ِ ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ ﭘ‬
َ spouse (either wife or husband)
‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬َ
Conversation 3 Translation:
mādar bozorg
grandmother
Shirin: Hello, good morning.
Pedrām: Hello. How are you?  ‫ﻣﺎدَر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬
Shirin: Iʼm well, thank you. How are you?
pedar bozorg
Pedrām: Iʼm well. Whatʼs your name?
grandfather
Shirin: My name is Shirin. Whatʼs your name?
 ‫ﺪر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬
Pedrām: My name is Pedrām.
Shirin: Where are you from, Pedrām? khāle
Pedrām: I am from Esfāhān. aunt (maternal)
Shirin: I am also from Esfāhān, but now I live in Paris.
 ‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬
Pedrām: This is my wife. Her name is Marjon.
Shirin: Hello Marjon. And this is my husband. His name is dāyee
Madani. uncle (maternal)
Pedrām: And this is my son. His name is Bobak. ‫داﯾﯽ‬
 amé Pronunciation Guide:
aunt (paternal)
‫ﻋَﻤﻪ‬ a short a like in hat

amoo ā long a like in not

uncle (paternal)
‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 ‫دارَم‬

yé
a (one)

Lesson 6: How to Talk ‫ﯾِﻪ‬

More About Your Family, Note: yé is a shortened, conversational version of the word
and How to Count to Ten yek, which means ʻoneʼ in Persian, and is used to mean ʻaʼ in
the following phrases.

MORE FAMILY MEMBERS: yé khāhar

a sister/one sister
māmān
mom
‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ ‫ﯾِﻪ ﺧﻮا‬
‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن‬ yé pesar
a son/one son
bābā
dad
‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ ‫ﯾِﻪ ﭘ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬ man yé khāhar dāram.
I have a sister.
bābāyé tō
your dad (informal)
  ‫ﻫﺮ دارَم‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﯾِﻪ ﺧﻮا‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎی ﺗﻮ‬
ِ

dāram
NUMBERS:
I have
 1 yek ‫ﯾِﮏ‬ ۱ ‫ﯾِﮏ دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

dō dokhtar
2 dō  ‫دو‬ ۲
two daughters

3 sé  ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ ۳ ‫دو دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬

yek barādar
4 chāhār  ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ۴
one brother
‫ﯾِﮏ ﺑَﺮادَر‬
5 panj  ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ‬ ۵
dō barādar
6 sheesh  ‫ﺷﯿﺶ‬ ۶ two brothers
‫دو ﺑَﺮادَر‬
7 ha ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
َ ۷
yek pesar
8 hasht  ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
َ ۸ one son
‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ ‫ﯾِﮏ ﭘ‬
9 noh  ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ۹
dō pesar
10 dah  ‫ده‬ ۱۰ two sons
 ‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ ‫دو ﭘ‬

Grammar note: In English, we indicate a plural number of

FORMING PLURALS: items by adding an ʻsʼ to the noun, such as one car versus two

yek dokhtar cars. The Persian language does not have this distinction.

one daughter
Singular and plural nouns are the same, as seen in the above
Translation:
examples.

Farzaneh: Hello?

GIVING NAMES: Leyla: Hello!

Farzaneh: Hello!
esmāshoon _______ va _______ hast. Leyla: What is your name?
Their names are ________ and ________. Farzaneh: I am Farzaneh.
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫اِﺳﻢ اﺷﻮن ـــــــــــ و ـــــــــــ‬ Leyla: Who are you?
Farzaneh: I am your mother.
Leyla: Hello mother! Yes, you are my mother, and I am your
daughter.
Farzaneh: allo? ‫اﻟﻮ؟‬
Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Farzaneh: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Leyla: esmé shomā chee-yé? ‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫اِﺳ‬
Farzaneh: man farzaneh hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻓﺮزاﻧﻪ‬
Leyla: shomā kee hasteen? ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﮐ‬
Farzaneh: man madaré tō hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﺗﻮ‬
Leyla: salām māmān! balé, shomā mādaré man hasteen, va
END OF LESSON 6
man dokhtaré shomā hastam. ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﻼم ﻣﺎﻣﺎن! ﺑَﻠﻪ‬
َ
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ و ﻣَﻦ دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻣﺎدَر ِ ﻣَﻦ‬
BONUS VOCABULARY
(inquiring minds want to know):
 sefr
zero Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬
ِ
a short a like in hat
kee
who ā long a like in not

‫ﮐ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
tō dokhtaré man hastee
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
you are my daughter
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺗﻮ دُﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﻣَﻦ‬
 mohandes
engineer
‫ﻣُﻬَﻨﺪِس‬

Lesson 7: How to Talk vakeel

lawyer
About Your Job and Where ‫وَﮐﯿﻞ‬
You Work neveesandé
writer
JOBS: ‫ﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪِه‬
َ ِ‫ﻧ‬
(man) moʼalem hastam. meʼmār
I am a teacher. architect
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ ‫ﻣِﻌﻤﺎر‬

Note: In the Persian language, the subject of the sentence is (man) vakeel hastam.
indicated in the verb, and therefore, subject pronouns can be I am a lawyer.
omitted from the sentence. From now on, we will show the  ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫وَﮐﯿﻞ‬
subject pronouns in parentheses in the pdf guides to show
that they are optional. (man) shāgerd hastam.
I am a student.
shāgerd
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺷﺎﮔِﺮد‬
student
‫ﺷﺎﮔِﺮد‬
ASKING OTHERS WHAT THEY Conversation 1:
DO:
Leyla: salām, man moʼalem hastam.‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣَﻦ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
(shomā) moʼalem hasteen?
Are you a teacher? (formal)
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
  ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬
َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ Matt: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
Leyla: tō chetor? tō ham moʼalem hastee? ‫ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
(shomā) moʼalem hasteen.
‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬
َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬
َ
You are a teacher. (formal)
Matt: na, man moʼalem neestam. ‫ﻌﻠِﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬
Leyla: ché kāré hastee? ‫؟‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬
ِ
Note: The intonation of the sentence implies whether it is a Matt: man vakeel hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ وَﮐﯿﻞ‬
question or a statement.

(tō) moʼalem hastee. Translation Conversation 1:

You are a teacher. (informal) Leyla: Hello, I am a teacher.
  ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣُﻌﻠِﻢ‬ Matt: Hello!
Leyla: What about you? Are you also a teacher?
(tō) ché kāré hastee? Matt: No, I'm not a teacher.
What do you do? (informal) Leyla: What do you do?
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬
َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬
ِ Matt: I am a lawyer.

(shomā) ché kāré hasteen?

What do you do? (formal)
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬
َ ‫ﭼﮑﺎرِه‬
ِ
 tō chetor? ‫ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧِﻪ‬
What about you? (informal)
  ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
TALKING ABOUT WHETHER OR
NOT YOU LIKE YOUR JOB:
ASKING OTHERS WHAT THEY
(tō) kāret-ō doost dāree?
DO:
Do you like your job? (informal)
(man) dar edaré kār meekonam.  ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬
I work in an office
(shomā) kāretoon-ō doost dareen?
 ‫دَر اِدارِه ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Do you like your job? (formal)
(man) dar _________ kār meekonam.  ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮﻧﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﻦ؟‬
I work in a/an _________.
Note: kāret-ō is actually a combination of kāret + rā, (and
 ‫دَر ــــــــــ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
kāretoon-ō is a combination of karetoon + ra), another
restoorān example of how written Persian is different from spoken
restaurant Persian.
‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬
balé, (man) kāram-ō doost daram.
beemārestān Yes, I like my job.
hospital ‫ )ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎَرﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬
na, (man) kāram-ō doost nadaram.
kārkhooné No, I donʼt like my job.
factory ‫ )ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
TALKING ABOUT WHETHER OR Sara: daniel, ché karé hastee? ‫؟‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرِه‬
ِ ،‫داﻧﯿﯿﻞ‬
NOT YOU WORK: Daniel: man doktor hastam. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ دُﮐﺘُﺮ‬
(man) kār meekonam. Sara: kojā kār meekonee? ‫؟‬ ‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬
I work. Daniel: dar beemārestan kār meekonam. ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫دَر‬
(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Sara: kāret-ō doost dāree? ‫داری؟‬ ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ‬
(man) kār nemeekonam.
I donʼt work. Daniel: balé, khayli kāram-ō doost dāram. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ ،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐﺎر ﻧﻤﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬

(man) beekāram.
Conversation 2 Translation:
I am jobless.
(‫ﻣَﻦ( ﺑﯽ ﮐﺎرَم‬
Sara: Hello! My name is Sara.
(man) bāzneshasté hastam. Daniel: Hello! I am Daniel.
I am retired. Sara: Daniel, what do you do?

(‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﺑﺎزﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘِﻪ‬ Daniel: I am a doctor.
Sara: Where do you work?

Conversation 2: Daniel: I work in a hospital.

Sara: Do you like your job?
Daniel: Yes, I really like my job.
Sara: salām! esmé man sara hast. ‫ﺳﺎرا‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ ‫ اِﺳ‬،‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
Daniel: salām! man daniel hastam. ‫داﻧﯿﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم! ﻣَﻦ‬ END OF LESSON 7
 ‫ﻫُﻨَﺮﻣَﻨﺪ‬
BONUS VOCABULARY
(inquiring minds want to know):
hesābdār
accountant
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪار‬
ِ

āshpaz
cook
‫آﺷﭙَﺰ‬

gārson
waiter
‫ﮔﺎرﺳﻦ‬
ُ

dandoon pezeshk
dentist
‫دَﻧﺪان ﭘِﺰِﺷﮏ‬

khalabān
pilot
‫ﺧَﻠَﺒﺎن‬

honarmand
artist
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not


Lesson 8: How to Talk
About Your Likes and
Dislikes
ASKING THE QUESTION:
(shomā) kāretoon-ō doost dāreed?
Do you like your job? (formal)
 ‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮﻧﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﺪ؟‬
(tō) kāret-ō doost dāree?
Do you like your job? (informal)
‫ﮐﺎرِﺗﻮ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬
THINGS YOU LIKE:
doost dāram
I like
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
(man) shookoolāt doost dāram.
I like chocolate.
 ‫ﺷﮑ ُﻼت دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
(man) tabeeʼat doost dāram.
I like nature.
  ‫ﻃﺒﯿ َﺖ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
(man) varzesh doost dāram.
I like sports.
  ‫وَرزش دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
(man) mooseeghee doost dāram.
I like music.
 ‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
Pronunciation note: gh is a sound that we have not yet
covered in Chai and Conversation. Like kh it is a sound that
does not exist in the English language. It can somewhat be
described as an exaggerated ʻgulpingʼ sound and is made at
the very back of the mouth. Practice the sound o en as it is
essential to speak the Persian language competently.
(man) charlie chaplin rā doost dāram.
I like Charlie Chaplin.
  ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻦ را دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬ (man) doost dāram varzesh bokonam.
I like to exercise.
Note: rā has no direct translation in the English language and
 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم وَرزِش ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
can best be described as a ʻdirect object marker.ʼ Learning the
proper use of the word rā is one of the trickier aspects of (man) doost dāram chookoolāt bokhoram.
learning the Persian language. In this case, it is used to I like to eat chocolate.
specify a proper noun, or to say that you specifically like  ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت ﺑُﺨُﻮرَم‬
Charlie Chaplin, not all actors. rā gets further simplified in
speech by becoming a simple -ō at the end of a proper noun. (man) doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram.

So in the above example, chārlie chāplin + rā = chārlie chāplin- I like to learn Persian.

ō.  ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﺎرﺳ ﯾﺎد ﺑﮕﯿﺮَم‬

(man) charlie chaplin-ō doost dāram.
I like Charlie Chaplin.
  ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻨﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
THINGS YOU LIKE TO DO:
(man) doost dāram feelm bebeenam.
I like to watch movies.
 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬
(man) doost dāram ketāb bekhoonam.
I like to read books.
 ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
Note: The word varzesh is used both in the phrase varzesh
doost dāram and doost dāram varzesh bokonam. It is the
same word, but in the first context, it is more commonly
understood to mean ʻsports,ʼ and in the second context, it
most likely refers to physical exercising.
THINGS YOU REALLY LIKE:
(man) shookoolāt khayli doost dāram.
I really like chocolate.
ِ ‫ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت‬
  ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
 (man) charlie chaplin-ō khayli doost dāram.
I really like Charlie Chaplin.
 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺎرﻟ ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯿﻨﻮ‬
THINGS YOU REALLY LIKE TO
DO:
(man) khayli doost dāram feelm bebeenam.
I really like to watch movies.
 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑِﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬
ِ ‫دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
(man) khayli doost dāram chookoolāt bokhoram.
I really like to eat chocolate.
 ‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت ﺑُﺨُﻮرم‬
ِ  ‫دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم وَرزِش ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
THINGS YOU DON’T LIKE:
(man) kāram-ō doost nadāram.
I do not like my job.
 ‫ﮐﺎرَﻣﻮ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬
(man) shookoolāt doost nadāram.
I do not like chocolate.
 ‫ﺷُ ﮑﻮﻻت دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬
(man) tabeeʼat doost nadāram.
I do not like nature.
 ‫ﻃَﺒﯿ َﺖ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬
THINGS YOU DON’T LIKE TO
DO:
(man) doost nadāram ketāb bekhoonam.
I do not like to read books.
(man) doost nadāram varzesh bokonam.
I do not like to exercise.
Leyla: salām matt. chetor-ee? ‫ ِﭼطوری؟‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬
Matt: salām leyla. bad neestam. tō chetor-ee? ‫ َﺑد‬،‫َﺳﻼم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬
‫ ﺗو ِﭼطوری؟‬.‫ﻧﯾﺳ َﺗم‬
Leyla: khoobam, merci. .‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم‬.
Matt: bebeenam leyla, che kāré hastee? ‫ﮑﺎره‬
ِ ‫ ِﭼ‬،‫ِﺑﺑﯾ َﻧم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬
‫َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬
Leyla: man meʼmār hastam va fārsi ham dars meedam. tō
chetor, che kāré hastee? ‫ ﺗو‬.‫َﻣن ﻣِﻌﻣﺎر َھﺳ َﺗم و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ َھم دَ رس ﻣﯾدَ م‬
‫ﮑﺎره َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬
ِ ‫ ِﭼ‬،‫ِﭼطور‬
Matt: man kār nadāram. shāgerd hastam. fārsi yād Matt: I also really like to exercise, and I really like to learn
meegeeram. ‫ﻣﯾﮕﯾرم‬
َ ‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﯾﺎد‬.‫ ﺷﺎﮔِرد ھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫دارم‬
َ ‫َﻣن ﮐﺎر َﻧ‬ Persian.
Leyla: khayli khoobé. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬
ِ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬
Matt: kāret-ō doost dāree? ‫ﮐﺎرﺗو دوﺳت داری؟‬
ِ
Leyla: khayli kāram-ō doost dāram. Va doost daram ketāb BONUS VOCABULARY
bekhoonam va varzesh bokonam. ‫ و‬.‫دارم‬
َ ‫ﮐﺎرﻣو دوﺳت‬
َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬ (inquiring minds want to know):
‫رزش ُﺑﮑُ َﻧم‬
ِ ‫دارم ﮐِﺗﺎب ِﺑﺧو َﻧم و َو‬
َ ‫دوﺳت‬
Matt: man ham khayli doost dāram varzesh bokonam. va ché kārhāyee doost dāree bokonee?
What do you like to do? (informal)
khayli doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram. ‫دارم‬
َ ‫َﻣن َھم ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳت‬
‫ﮕﯾرم‬ َ ‫رزش ُﺑﮑُ َﻧم و ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳت‬
َ ‫دارم ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﯾﺎد ِﺑ‬ ِ ‫َو‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ دوﺳﺖ داری ﺑُﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
ِ
ché kārhāyee doost dāreen bokoneen?
Leyla: Hello Matt. How are you? What do you like to do? (formal)
Matt: Hi Leyla. Iʼm not bad. How are you? ‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ دوﺳﺖ دارﯾﻦ ﺑِﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
ِ
Leyla: Iʼm good, thanks.
Matt: Letʼs see, Leyla, what do you do? āshpazee doost dāram.
Leyla: I am an architect, and I also teach Persian. What I like cooking.
about you, what do you do? ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
Matt: I donʼt have a job. I am a student. I am learning
doost dāram piāno bezanam.
Persian.
I like to play piano.
Leyla: Thatʼs great.
Matt: Do you like your job? ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﭘﯿﺎﻧﻮ ﺑِﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬
Leyla: I really like my job. And I like to read books, and I
doost dāram geetār bezanam.
like to exercise.
I like to play guitar.
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﮔﯿﺘﺎر ﺑِﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬
 doost dāram footbāl bāzee bokonam.
ā long a like in not
I like to play football.
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺑﺎزی ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

Lesson 9: How to Use
Question Words, More
Family Vocabulary, and a
‘MY NAME IS’ REVISTED:
esm-am ________-é
My name is ____________ (name ending with consonant)
‫ه‬-‫اِﺳﻤَﻢ ــــــــــــ‬
Note: esm-am means ʻmy name,ʼ since -am is the personal
ending for ʻIʼ.

Few Filler Words and esm-am ________-st

Phrases My name is ____________ (name ending with vowel)
‫ﺳﺖ‬-‫اِﺳﻤَﻢ ــــــــــــ‬

‘HOW ARE YOU’ REVISTED:

(shomā) chetor-een?
MORE MEMBERS OF THE
How are you? (formal) FAMILY:
 ‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬
ِ khānevādé
family
hāl-é shomā chetor-é?
How are you? (formal)
‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬

ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬ ِ hamsar
spouse
hāl-et chetor-é?
How are you? (informal)
‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬َ
‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬
AUNTS: dāyee
maternal uncle
khālé
‫داﯾﯽ‬
maternal aunt
‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ amoo
paternal uncle
amé
‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬
paternal aunt
‫ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬ dokhtar/pesar dāyee
girl / boy cousin (from maternal uncle)
dokhtar/pesar khālé
‫ﺴﺮ داﯾﯽ‬
َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬
cousin (from maternal aunt)
‫ﺴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ dokhtar/pesar amoo
girl / boy cousin (from paternal uncle)
dokhtar/pesar amé
‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤﻮ‬
َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬
cousin (from paternal aunt)
‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫ ﭘ‬/‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬
QUESTION WORDS:
Note: dokhtar is the word for girl, and pesar is the word for
boy. There is no direct translation of ʻcousin.ʼ Rather, the word kee

is a more literal construction of the gender and side of family who

your cousin is from. ‫ﮐ‬

kay
UNCLES: when
ِ‫ﮐ‬
 kojā kojā-yee?
where Where are you? (informal)
‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎﯾﯽ؟‬

chee kojā-yeen?
what Where are you? (formal)
‫ﭼ‬ ‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎﯾﯿﻦ؟‬

Pronunciation note: In written Persian, chee is pronounced chee doost dāree?

ché. It is sometimes pronounced this way in spoken Persian What do (would) you like?
as well. ‫ﭼ دوﺳﺖ داری؟‬

chetor chetor peesh meeré?

how Howʼs it going?
‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬
ِ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯿﺮِه؟‬
ِ
kodoom een kee-yé?
which Who is this?
‫ﮐ ُﺪوم‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬

Pronunciation note: In written Persian, kodoom is actually cherā na?

kodām. Why not?
‫ﭼﺮا ﻧ َﻪ؟‬
ِ
QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS:
END OF LESSON 9
 chetor-é?
BONUS VOCABULARY How is he/she?
(inquiring minds want to know): ‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ
chand cheghadr
how many how much
‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬
ِ
chand tā
how many (colloquial)
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
َ

chegooné
how (more literary)
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
ِِ Pronunciation Guide:
ِِ
koo a short a like in hat
Where is it? (colloquial)
ā long a like in not
‫ﮐﻮ‬

chee-yé? é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

What is it?
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
‫ﭼﯿِﻪ؟‬
 7. eeshoon mādar-é man hastand.
______________________________________________________
8. man sé khāhar dāram.
______________________________________________________
Lesson 10: Review of Unit 9. man dar karkhooné kār meekonam.
______________________________________________________
1! 10. chekāré hastee?
______________________________________________________

EXERCISE ONE: 11. man vakeel hastam.

______________________________________________________
The following phrases feature vocabulary sampled from
12. kāram-ō doost dāram.
Lesson 1 through 9. Translate them into English:
______________________________________________________
1. salām, chetor-ee? 13. ahlé kojā hastee?
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. bé omeedé deedār
_______________________________________________________________
3. shomā ahl-é kojā hasteen?
_______________________________________________________________
4. man az espāniā hastam.
_______________________________________________________________
5. man az āmrikā neestam.
_______________________________________________________________
6. kojā zendegee meekonee?
_______________________________________________________________
1. Hello, how are you? (informal) 2. Hope to see you 3. _____________________________________
Where are you from? (formal) 4. I am from Spain 5. I
am not from the United States 6. Where do you live? 4. esm-é man Sherry hast.
7. This is my mother 8. I have 3 sisters 9. I work in a _____________________________________
factory 10. What do you do? (informal) 11. I am a
lawyer 12. I like my job 13. Where are you from?
(informal)

EXERCISE TWO:
Write the following Persian phrases in reduced form:

1. esm-é man Sara hast.

_____________________________________
2. esm-é man Jacob hast.
_____________________________________
3. esm-é man Matt hast.
1. esm-am sārā-st 2. esm-am jacob-é 3. esm-am matt-
é 4. esm-am sherry-st
 hastam.
EXERCISE THREE: g. esm-é tō chee-yé?

Match the English phrases on top with their Persian h. man dar edāré kār meekonam.

translations at the bottom- letters with numbers. i. bad neestam

j. tā fardā.
1. What is your name? (informal) k. man az pāris hastam.

2. I am from Paris. l. shab bekhayr

3. I live in Canada. m. kāret-ō doost dāree?

n. kojā zendegee meekoneen?
4. Where do you live? (formal)
5. This is my sister. Her name is Kathy. o. man mooseeghee doost dāram.

6. Until tomorrow.
7. I have a sister and a brother.
8. I work in an office.
9. I am an architect.
10. I like music.
11. I like to learn Persian.
12. Do you like your job? (informal)
13. What is your name? (formal)
14. Goodnight 15. I am not bad.

a. doost dāram farsi yād begeeram. 1. d 2. k 3. c 4. n 5. e 6. j 7. b 8. h 9. f 10. o 11. a

12. m 13. g 14. l 15. i
b. man yek khahar dāram va yek barādar dāram.
c. man dar cānādā zendegee meekonam.
d. esmé tō chee-yé?
e. een khāharé man-é. esmesh kathy-é. f. man memār
 1. yek 2. dō 3. sé 4. chāhār 5. panj 6. sheesh 7. haft 8.
hasht 9. noh 10. dah
EXERCISE FOUR:
Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian:

1 ____________________________
2 ____________________________
3 ____________________________
4 ____________________________
5 ____________________________
6 ____________________________
7 ____________________________
8 ____________________________
EXERCISE FIVE:
9 ____________________________
10 ____________________________ Now try writing the following sentences:

1. I have 3 sisters and 2 brothers.

______________________________________________________
2. I have 4 fathers.
______________________________________________________
3. I have 8 sons.
_______________________________________________________________
4. I have 1 mother.
_______________________________________________________________
5. I have a wife.
DIALOGUES:
_______________________________________________________________
6. I have 2 husbands. (hmmm...)
Conversation 1:
_______________________________________________________________
7. I have 6 daughters.
Andy: salām sobh bekhair, chetor-ee? ،‫ ﺻُﺑﺢ ِﺑﺧِﯾر‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬
_______________________________________________________________
‫ِﭼطوری؟‬
Arezoo: salām khoob-am merci, chetor-ee? ،‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ ﺧو َﺑم‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬
‫ِﭼطوری؟‬
Andy: khayli khoob-am, merci. man andy hastam. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬
‫ َﻣن اَﻧدی َھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم‬
Arezoo: esmé man ārezoo hast. eeshoon mādaré
manand. ‫ اﯾﺷون ﻣﺎدَ ِر َﻣ َﻧﻧد‬.‫آرزو َھﺳت‬ ِ َ‫ا‬
ِ ‫ﺳم َﻣن‬
Khanoom Tehrani: salām, man khānoom tehrāni
hastam. ‫ َﻣن ﺧﺎﻧم ﺗِﮭراﻧﯽ َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬
ُ ‫ﺣﺎل‬
Andy: salām, hālé shomā chetor-é? ‫ﺷﻣﺎ ِﭼطوره؟‬ ِ ،‫َﺳﻼم‬
Khanoom Tehrani: khoob-am merci. ‫ﺧو َﺑم ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬
Arezoo: baché dāree? ‫َﺑﭼﮫ داری؟‬
Andy: balé, yé pesar dāram, esmesh hast cyrus, va yé
dokhtar dāram, esmesh hast seemā. ‫ اِﺳﻣِش َھﺳت‬،‫دارم‬
َ ‫ ِﯾﮫ ِﭘ َﺳر‬،‫َﺑﻠﮫ‬
َ ‫ﺳﯾروس و ِﯾﮫ ُدﺧ َﺗر‬
‫ اِﺳﻣِش َھﺳت ﺳﯾﻣﺎ‬،‫دارم‬
Arezoo: ahlé eenjā hastee? ‫ھل اﯾﻧﺟﺎ َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬
ِ َ‫ا‬ Andy: Hello, how are you?
Andy: na, man az irān hastam, vali dar Paris zendegee Khanoom Tehrani: I am well, thanks.
meekonam. ‫ َوﻟﯽ دَ ر ﭘﺎرﯾس ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬،‫ َﻣن اَز اﯾران َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﻧﮫ‬ Arezoo: Do you have children?
Arezoo: man va mādaram az irān hasteem, va dar shirāz Andy: Yes, I have a son, his name is Cyrus, and I have a
zendegee meekoneem. ‫ و دَ ر ﺷﯾراز ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ‬،‫َﻣن و ﻣﺎدَ َرم اَز اﯾران َھﺳﺗﯾم‬ daughter, her name is Seema.
‫ﻣﯾﮑُﻧﯾم‬ Arezoo: Are you from here?
Andy: khob, khoshvakhtam, tā baʼad. ‫ ﺗﺎ َﺑﻌد‬،‫ﺧوﺷوﻗ َﺗم‬
َ ،‫ﺧوب‬ Andy: No, I am from Iran, but I live in Paris.
Arezoo: balé, tā baʼad. ‫ ﺗﺎ َﺑﻌد‬،‫َﺑﻠِﮫ‬ Arezoo: My mother and I are from Iran, and we live in
Khanoom Tehrani: khodāhāfez! ‫ﺧداﺣﺎﻓِظ‬ Shiraz.
Andy: Well, pleased to meet you, until later.
az _________ hasteem Arezoo: Yes, until later.
we are from ____________. Khanoom Tehrani: Goodbye!
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫از ــــــــــــ‬

dar ___________ zendegee meekoneem

we live in _______________
‫در ــــــــــــ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

Translation:
Pronunciation Guide:
Andy: Hello, good morning. How are you?
a short a like in hat
Arezoo: Hello, Iʼm well thanks. How are you?
Andy: Iʼm very well, thank you. I am Andy.
ā long a like in not
Arezoo: My name is Arezoo. This is my mother.
Khanoom Tehrani: Hello, I am Mrs. Tehrani.
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 doost dāram zabān yād begeeram
I like to learn languages
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم زَﺑﺎن ﯾﺎد ﺑِﮕﯿﺮَم‬

Lesson 11: How to Speak

I SPEAK...:
About the Languages You
fārsi sohbat meekonam
Know I speak Persian
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ‬
RE-INTRODUCTIONS: (tō) fārsi sohbat meekonee?
Do you speak Persian? (informal)
Matt: esmé man matt hast. dar austin zendegee
meekonam. shāgerd hastam va mooseeghee doost dāram,
(‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
ُ ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬
varzesh doost daram, va doost dāram fārsi yād begeeram.
(shomā) fārsi sohbat meekoneen?
Do you speak Persian? (formal)
Leyla: man leylā hastam. irāni hastam, vali man ham dar (‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
ُ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬
austin zendegee meekonam. mooseegheeyé kelāssic doost
dāram, doost dāram feelm bebeenam, va doost dāram (tō) fārsi sohbat meekonee.

zabān yād begeeram. You speak Persian. (informal)

( ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬
ُ ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬.
irāni hastam
(shomā) fārsi sohbat meekoneed.
I am Iranian
You speak Persian. (formal)
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬
(‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﺪ؟‬
ُ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬
Note: sohbat meekoneed is the formal written version of 'to āllmānee
speak'- it's not used in conversation. In conversation, you'll German
hear sohbat meekoneen. ‫آﻟﻤﺎﻧ‬

(man) fārsi sohbat nemeekonam eetāleeyāyee

I donʼt speak Persian Italian
 (‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻧِﻤﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ‫اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

(man) kami fārsi sohbat meekonam jāponee

I speak a bit of Persian Japanese
  (‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ( ﮐ َﻤ ﻓﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ژاﭘُﻨ‬

Pronunciation tip: Notice that the ʻjʼ sound in jāponee is

LANGUAGES: another sound in the Persian language that is not found in the
English language. It is more similar to the French ʻjʼ than the
engleesee
flat English sound used in ʻJapanese.ʼ
English
‫اﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺴ‬ cheenee
Chinese
farānsavee
‫ﭼﯿﻨ‬
French
‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻮی‬
َ َ‫ﻓ‬
LANGUAGES:
espānyāyee
Spanish meefahmam
‫اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ I understand
 ‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬ nemeefahmam
I donʼt understand
meefahmee
‫ﻧِﻤﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬
you understand (informal)
‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤ‬ bebakhsheed
Iʼm sorry
meefahmeen
‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬
you understand (formal)
‫ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤﯿﻦ‬ bebakhsheed, fārsi nemeefahmam
Iʼm sorry, I donʼt understand Persian
(man) fārsi meefahmam
‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻧِﻤﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬
I understand Persian
 (‫ﻣَﻦ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬ dāram fārsi yād meegeeram
Iʼm learning Persian.
(tō) fārsi meefahmee
‫دارَم ﻓﺎرﺳ ﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَم‬
you understand Persian (informal)
( ‫ﺗﻮ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤ‬
SLOWING DOWN:
(shomā) fārsi meefahmeen
you understand Persian (formal) lotfan yavāshtar sohbat kon

(‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ( ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤﯿﻦ‬ please speak more slowly (informal)

ُ ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻦ‬
kami fārsi meefahmam
I understand a bit of Persian lotfan yavāshtar sohbat koneen

‫ﮐ َﻤ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﻣﯿﻔَﻬﻤَﻢ‬ please speak more slowly (formal)

ُ ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
 meeshé yavāshtar sohbat koneen? _______________ bé fārsi chee meeshé?
Could you speak more slowly? (formal) How do you say __________ in Persian?
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ‬
ِ  ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ــــــــــــــ ﺑِﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﭼ‬

Note: meeshé means something along the lines of ʻis it

possible.ʼ In written Persian, it is meeshavad, but it is rarely, if END OF LESSON 11
ever, spoken that way.

yavāshtar lotfan BONUS VOCABULARY

slower please (inquiring minds want to know):
ً ‫ﯾَﻮاﺷﺘَﺮ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬
arabee
meeshé lotfan tekrār konee? Arabic
Could you please repeat? (informal) ‫ﻋﺮَﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺗِﮑﺮار ﮐ ُﻨ ؟‬
ِ
roosee
meeshé lotfan tekrār koneen? Russian
Could you please repeat? (formal) ‫روﺳ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺗِﮑﺮار ﮐُﻨَﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
ِ
so-edee
Swedish
HOW DO YOU SAY: ‫ﺳﻮﺋﺪی‬

bé fārsi chee meeshé? hendee

How do you say it in Persian? Hindi
‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳ ﭼ‬ ‫ﻫِﻨﺪی‬
 dorost meegam? َ َ ‫ﻓﺎرﺳ ﺑَﻠ‬
‫ﺪم‬
Am I saying it correctly
‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﮕَﻢ؟‬

chejoor talafoz meeshé?

how is it pronounced?
Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ﭼﻪ ﺟﻮر ﺗ َﻠَﻔُﻆ‬
ِ a short a like in hat

kee eenjā fārsi zabān-é?

ā long a like in not
whatʼs the news? (whatʼs up?)
‫ﮐ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﺎرﺳ زَﺑﺎﻧِﻪ؟‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

fārsi baladam ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

I know Persian
 18 heezhdah ‫ﺪه‬
َ ‫ﻫﯿﺠ‬ ۱۸

19 noozdah ‫ﻧﻮزدَه‬ ۱۹

Lesson 12: More Numbers, 20 beest ‫ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ‬     ۲۰

and the Months, Days and
Seasons 21 beest ō yek ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﯾِﮏ‬ ۲۱

22 beest ō dō ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دو‬ ۲۲

HIGHER NUMBERS:
23 beest ō sé ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬ ۲۳
11 yāzdah ‫ﯾﺎزدَه‬ ۱۱
24 beest ō chāhār ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ۲۴
12 davāzdah ‫دوازدَه‬ ۱۲
25 beest ō panj ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﭘَﻨﺦ‬ ۲۵
13 seezdah ‫ﺳﯿﺰدَه‬ ۱۳
26 beest ō sheesh ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﺷﯿﺶ‬ ۲۶
14 chāhārdah ‫ﭼﻬﺎردَه‬ ۱۴
27 beest ō ha ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬ ۲۷
15 poonzdah ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺰدَه‬ ۱۵
28 beest ō hasht ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬ ۲۸
16 shoonzdah ‫ﺷﺎﻧﺰدَه‬ ۱۶
29 beest ō noh ‫ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﻧ ُﻪ‬ ۲۹
17 heevdah ‫ﺪه‬
َ ‫ﻫﯿﻔ‬ ۱۷
30 see ‫ﺳ‬ ۳۰ 600 sheeshsad ‫ﺸﺼﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬ِ ۶۰۰

40 chehel ‫ﭼﻬِﻞ‬
ِ ۴۰ 700 ha sad ‫ﻔﺘﺼﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬ َ ۷۰۰

50 panjāh ‫ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬ ۵۰ 800 hashtsad ‫ﺸﺘﺼﺪ‬

َ ‫ﻫ‬َ ۸۰۰

60 shast ‫ﺷَ ﺼﺖ‬ ۶۰ 900 nohsad ‫ﺻﺪ‬

َ ‫ﻧ ُﻪ‬ ۹۰۰

70 ha ād ‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد‬
َ ۷۰ 1,000hezār ‫ﻫِﺰار‬ ۱۰۰۰

80 hashtād ‫ﻫﺸﺘﺎد‬
َ ۸۰ 2,000dō hezār ‫دو ﻫِﺰار‬ ۲۰۰۰

90 navad ‫ﻧَﻮَد‬ ۹۰  

100 sad ‫ﺻﺪ‬

َ ۱۰۰ 45 chehel o panj ‫ﭼﻬِﻞ و ﭘَﻨﺞ‬
ِ ۴۵

167 sad o shast o ha ‫ﺻﺪ و ﺷَ ﺼﺖ و‬

َ ۱۶۷
200 deeveest ‫دِوﯾﺴﺖ‬ ۲۰۰
‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
َ
300 seesad ‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪ‬
َ ۳۰۰
555 poonsad o panjā o ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ و ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬
َ ۵۵۵
panj ‫دو‬
400 chāhārsad ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﺻﺪ‬
َ ۴۰۰

500 poonsad ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ‬

َ ۵۰۰
 ‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و‬ would take place in the city on Mondays, and people would
1,702hezār o ha sad o َ ‫ﻫِﺰار و‬ ۱۷۰۲
dō travel from all around the region to attend the market on that
‫دو‬
day.

sé shanbé
Tuesday
‫ﺳﻪ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
ِ
DAYS OF THE WEEK:
chāhār shanbé
shanbé
Wednesday
Saturday
 ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒ ِﻪ‬
panj shanbé
yek shanbé
Thursday
Sunday
 ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
jomʼé
dō shanbé
Friday
Monday
‫ﺟُﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫دو ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
Pronunciation note: There is a stop between the ʻmʼ sound
Cultural note: You might recognize the word dō shanbé as the
and final sound of the word jomʼé, so make sure to add a
name of the capital of Tajikestan. Farsi is also the official
slight pause to the word for the correct pronunciation.
language spoken in Tajikestan, although they speak using a
slightly different dialect. The name of the capital comes from jomʼé tateelé!
the fact that traditionally, there was a large market that Friday is off!
 ‫ﻄﯿﻞ‬
ِ َ ‫ﺟُﻤﻌﻪ ﺗ‬ zhuʼan
June
‫ژوﺋﻦ‬
WESTERN (GREGORIAN)
CALENDAR MONTHS: zhuʼiyé
July
jānviyé
‫ژوﺋﯿِﻪ‬
January
‫ژاﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ oot
August
fevriyé
‫اوت‬
February
‫ﻓِﻮرﯾﻪ‬ septembre
September
mārs
‫ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬
ِ
March
‫ﻣﺎرس‬ octobre
October
āvril
‫اُﮐﺘُﺒﺮ‬
April
‫اورﯾﻞ‬ novembre
November
meh
‫ﻧ ُﻮاﻣﺒﺮ‬
May
‫ﻣِﻪ‬ decembre
December
 ‫دِﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬ 1st aval ‫اَوَل‬

2nd dovom ‫دُوُم‬

SEASONS:
bahār 3rd sevom ‫ﺳﻮُم‬
ِ
spring
‫ﺑَﻬﺎر‬
4th chārom (chāhārom) ‫ﺟﻬﺎرُم‬

tābestoon 5th panjom ‫ﭘَﻨﺠُﻢ‬

summer
‫ﺗﺎﺑِﺴﺘﺎن‬ 6th sheeshom ‫ﺷﯿﺸُ ﻢ‬

pāʼyeez 7th ha om ‫ﻫﻔﺘُﻢ‬

َ
autumn
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ‬ 8th hashtom ‫ﻫﺸﺘُﻢ‬
َ

zemestoon 9th nohom ‫ﻧُﻬُﻢ‬

winter
‫زِﻣِﺴﺘﺎن‬ 10th dahom ‫دَﻫُﻢ‬

ORDINAL NUMBERS: Note: The first three cardinal numbers are irregular. A er that,
simply add -om, to the end of the number in order to make a
cardinal number ordinal.
DATES: emrooz beest o hashtom-é jānviyé hast
today is the twenty-eight of January
emrooz
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ ژاﻧﻮﯾِﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺘ‬
َ ‫اِﻣﺮوز ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و‬
today
‫اِﻣﺮوز‬
END OF LESSON 12
dovom-é jānviyé
second of January
‫م ژاﻧﻮﯾِﻪ‬
ِ ُ ‫دُو‬ BONUS VOCABULARY
(inquiring minds want to know):
Note: In order to construct the date, simple add -é to the
ordinal number followed by the name of the month. māh
month
emrooz dovom-é jānviyé hast ‫ﻣﺎه‬
today is the second of January
‫م ژاﻧﻮﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
ِ ُ ‫اِﻣﺮوز دُو‬ fasl
season
emrooz poonzdahom-é decembre hast ‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬
today is the fi eenth of December
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻢ دِﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬
ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز ﭘﺎﻧﺰدﻫ‬ ha é
week
emrooz chāhārom-é zhuʼiyé hast ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ
today is the fourth of July
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرُﻣﻪ ژوﺋﯿِﻪ‬ roozhāyé ha é
ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬
days of the week
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬
ِ
Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 ‫ﻗَﻨﺪ‬

chāi bā shirini
tea with sweets

Lesson 13: How to Host or ‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬

Be Hosted (especially ghahvé

when it involves chai) coffee

‫ﻗَﻬﻮه‬

ghahveyé tork
BEVERAGES:
Turkish coffee
chāi ‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ِ ﺗ ُﺮک‬
tea
‫ﭼﺎی‬ sheer
milk
shekar ‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬
sugar
‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬
ِ chāi bā sheer
tea with milk
chāi bā shekar ‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬
tea with sugar
‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ‬ ghahvé bā sheer
coffee with milk
ghand ‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬
sugar cube
 āb ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺎﺑﻪ‬
water
‫آب‬
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES:
yakh
āb jō
ice
beer
‫ﯾَﺦ‬
‫آﺑﺠﻮ‬
āb bā yakh
sharāb
water with ice
wine
 ‫آب ﺑﺎ ﯾَﺦ‬
‫ﺷَ ﺮاب‬
āb bedooné yakh
sharāb-é sefeed
water without ice
white wine
‫ﺑﺪون ﯾَﺦ‬
ِ ‫آب‬
‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮاب‬
ِ َ‫ﺷ‬
sharbat
shārab-é ghermez
flavored water
red wine
‫ﺷَ ﺮﺑَﺖ‬
‫ﺮاب ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬
ِ َ‫ﺷ‬
āb meevé
bé salamati!
fruit juice
Cheers! (to health!)
‫آب ﻣﯿﻮِه‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺑِﻪ‬
nooshābé
so drink
OFFERING AND BEING (tō) chee mayl meekonee?
What would you like? (informal)
OFFERED:
‫ﭼ ﻣﯿﻞ ﻣ ﮐﻨ ؟‬
(tō) chāi meekhāi?
Do you want tea? (informal) (shomā) chee mayl meekoneen?

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮای؟‬ What would you like? (formal)

‫ﭼ ﻣﯿﻞ ﻣ ﮐﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
(shomā) chāi meekhāin?
Do you want tea? (formal) balé, (man) chāi meekhoram

‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ؟‬ Yes, I will drink tea.

 ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ )ﻣَﻦ( ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
beeshtar
more (man) chāi nemeekhām

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ‬ I donʼt want tea

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻧﻤ ﺧﻮام‬
(tō) beeshtar chāi meekhāi?
Would you like more tea? (informal) (man) chāi meekhām

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮای؟‬ I want tea

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮام‬
(tō) chāi meekhoree?
Will you drink some tea? (informal) bāshé

 ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬ ok
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ
(shomā) chāi meekhoreen?
Will you drink some tea? (formal) lotfan

  ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ؟‬ please

 ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬ Note: In addition to meaning ʻtapʼ, sheer also means ʻlionʼ and
ʻmilk.ʼ
na merci
no thank you doogh

‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬ yogurt drink

‫دوغ‬

Cultural note: doogh is made by mixing yogurt with water or

END OF LESSON 13 soda water, herbs, and salt, and is extremely popular among
Iranians. Some say it's an acquired taste.

BONUS VOCABULARY befarmāyeen

(inquiring minds want to know): please help yourself
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
āb-é joosh
boiled water
‫آب ﺟﻮش‬
ِ Pronunciation Guide:
āb-é ma'dani a short a like in hat
mineral water
‫ﺪﻧ‬
َ ‫آب ﻣَﻌ‬
ِ ā long a like in not

āb-é sheer é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

tap water
‫آب ﺷﯿﺮ‬
ِ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 your house (informal) khooneyé tō
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﺗﻮ‬

his/her house - khooneyé oo

Lesson 14: How to Talk ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی او‬
About Places Around your house (formal) - khooneyé shomā

Town, and Possession ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

our house - khooneyé mā

POSSESSION: ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎ‬

khooné their house - khooneyé ānhā

house
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
his/her house - khooneyé eeshoon
khooneyé man ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی اﯾﺸﻮن‬
my house
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣَﻦ‬

Note: -ye is known in Persian as ezafé, and is added to convey

ASKING THE QUESTION:
ownership or possession. In a sentence, the possessed is een khooneyé kee-yé?
located before the possessor (so above, khooné is possessed Whoʼs house is this?
by man. When it follows a noun that ends in a vowel, the ezafé ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬
is -yé and when following a noun that ends in a consonant, it
takes the form of -é.
 This is my house - een khooneyé man- This is their house - een khooneyé
é ānhā-st
‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‬
This is your house een khooneyé tō-st
(informal) - ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﺗﻮﺳﺖ‬ This is his/her house - een khoonéyé
eeshoon-é
Note: In the sentence een khooneyé man-é, man-é is a ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬
combination of man + hast. Similarly, in een khooneyé tō-st,
‫اﯾﺸﻮن‬
ِ
tō-st is a combination of tō + hast. When the subject ends in a
consonant, like man (I) -é is added to signify possession, and This is his/her house - een khoonéyé
when the subject ends in a vowel, like tō (you informal), -st is oo-st
added to signify possession. ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬
‫اوﺳﺖ‬
This is your house (formal) - een khooneyé
shomā-st This is _________ʼs house een khoonéyé
‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬ (name ending in vowel) - _________-st

‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ــــــــ‬

‫ﺳﺖ‬-
This is our house - een khooneyé
mā-st This is _________ʼs house een khoonéyé
‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬ (name ending in consonant) - _________-é

‫ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی‬

‫ه‬- ‫ـــــــــــــــ‬
 cinemā
DIFFERENT SCENARIOS: movie theater
‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬
een khoonéyé madar-é man-é
This is my motherʼs house. moozé
‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﻣﺎدَرِﻣَﻨﻪ‬ museum
‫ﻣﻮزِه‬
een khoonéyé pedar-é tō-st
This is your fatherʼs house bānk
‫ﺪر ِﺗﻮﺳﺖ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی ﭘ‬ bank
‫ﺑﺎﻧﮏ‬
fekr meekonam
I think restoorān
‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ restaurant
‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬
Matt: een khooneyé kee-yé? ‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
bāzār
Leyla: fekr meekonam een khooneyé oo-st.   ‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
bazaar
‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ی اوﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎزار‬

vasaté shahr
PLACES AROUND TOWN: center of town

ghahvé khooné ‫ﻂ ﺷَ ﻬﺮ‬

ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ َ‫و‬
coffeeshop
estakhr
‫ﻗَﻬﻮه ﺧﻮﻧﻪ‬ pool
 ‫اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ‬ ‫اِدارِه ی ﭘُﺴﺖ‬

masjed hotel
mosque hotel
‫ﺴﺠﺪ‬
ِ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫُﺘِﻞ‬

keleesā
church
‫ﮐِﻠﯿﺴﺎ‬

keneesé
Pronunciation Guide:
synagogue
‫ﻨﯿﺴﻪ‬
ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬ a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

END OF LESSON 14
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

BONUS VOCABULARY: ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

edaré-yé post
post office
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬

kojā zendegee meekoneen?

kojā zendegee meekoneed?

Lesson 15: How to Talk to Where do you live? (formal)

‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ؟‬
People in a Formal Manner,
‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﺪ؟‬
and More on Hosting and
Being Hosted Note: In written Persian, the conjugation for the third person
formal is -eed. However, in conversational Persian, you will
most o en hear the third person formal conjugated with -een.
FORMAL SPEECH: In these lessons, we will always use the conversational
conjugation.
chetor + hasteen = chetor-een?
chetor + hasteed = chetor-eed?
Leyla: salām matt. khosh āmadee! ‫ﺧﻮش‬ .‫ﺳﻼم ﻣَﺖ‬
َ
How are you? (formal)
‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ‬ ‫آﻣَﺪی‬
ِ
Matt: mamnoon-am. shomā chetor-een? ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ‬
ِ
shomā ahlé koja hasteen? Leyla: bad neestam, khayli mamnoon. tō khoob-ee? ‫ﺑَﺪ‬
shomā ahlé koja hasteed? ‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
ِ ،‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
Where are you from? (formal) Matt: khoob-am merci. ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ا‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ ﮐ ُﺠﺎ‬ Leyla: befarmā besheen. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬
Matt: merci. ‫ﻣِﺮﺳ‬
Leyla: chāi meekhoree? ‫ﺧﻮری؟‬ ‫ﭼﺎی ﻣ‬ khayli mamnoon

Matt: balé, chāi meekhoram.‫ ﭼﺎی ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ Iʼm very thankful

‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
Leyla: bā ghand yā sheekar? ‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ؟‬ِ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗَﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ‬
Matt: dō ghand lotfan.ً ‫دو ﻗَﻨﺪ ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬
Leyla: bāshé, befarmā, een ham dō ghand. ،‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ THREE INSTANCES OF
‫ﻫﻢ دو ﻗَﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ HELPING YOURSELF:
Matt: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
INFORMALFORMAL

please/help
TALKING FORMALLY: befarmā befarmāyeen
yourself
khosh āmadee! ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
(Youʼre) welcome! (informal)
‫ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪی‬ please come to
befarmā befarmāyeen
my house
khosh āmadeen! khoonam khoonam
(Youʼre) welcome! (formal) ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫!ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

mamnoon-am
Iʼm thankful
‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
please have a balé, gorosnam-é
befarmā befarmāyeen Yes, Iʼm hungry.
seat
besheen besheeneen ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨَﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
na, gorosné neestam
‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
No, Iʼm not hungry
‫ﻧﻪ ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

tāzé khordam
I just ate.
‫ﺗﺎزِه ﺧﻮردَم‬
INFORMALFORMAL

Are you
gorosné-yee? gorosné-
END OF LESSON 15
hungry?
yeen?
‫ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ ﯾﯽ؟‬
‫ﮔُﺮُﺳﻨِﻪ اﯾﻦ؟‬
BONUS VOCABULARY:
(inquiring minds want to know...)
Are you thirsty? na, teshné neestam
teshné-yee? teshné-yeen?
No, Iʼm not thirsty
‫ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ ای؟‬ ‫ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻪ ﺗِﺸﻨِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

balé, teshnam-é
Yes, Iʼm thirsty.
‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ ﺗِﺸﻨَﻤِﻪ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 shām
dinner
‫ﺷﺎم‬

Lesson 16: How to Talk

(EVEN) MORE HOSTING
More About Food and VOCABULARY:
Specific Persian Meals befarmāyeen shām
Please come to/help yourself to dinner. (formal)
MEALS: ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺷﺎم‬

sobhooné befarmā shām

breakfast Please come to/help yourself to dinner. (informal)
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺷﺎم‬

Pronunciation note: Breakfast is sometimes pronounced nāhār hāzer-é

sobhāné. Lunch is ready.
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮِه‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬
nāhār
lunch shām hāzer-é
‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬ Dinner is ready.
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮِه‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺎم‬
asrooné
a ernoon snack pazeerāyee
‫ﻋَﺼﺮوﻧِﻪ‬ hosting
 ‫ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﯽ‬ khoresh
stew
‫ﺧﻮرِش‬
COMMON PERSIAN FOODS:
koreshé ghormé sabzee
asal
a popular type of Persian stew
honey
َ ‫ش ﻗُﺮﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮر‬
‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
sabzee
morabā
greens/herbs
jam
‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ
‫ﻣُﺮٌﺑﺎ‬
māst
gerdoo
yogurt
walnuts
‫ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮔِﺮدو‬
namak
noon ō paneer
salt
bread and feta
‫ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬
‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬
felfel
berenj
pepper
rice
‫ﻓِﻠﻔِﻞ‬
‫ﺑِﺮِﻧﺞ‬
desser
dessert
 ‫ﺳﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫د‬ khayli khosh gozasht
I had a great time
noon ō paneer
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬
bread and feta
‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬ Matt: dastetoon dard nakoné! khayli khosh gozasht.
‫دَﺳﺘِﺘﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ! ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬
EXPRESSIONS TO USE WHEN Leyla: khāhesh meekonam matt! ‫ﻣَﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫِﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
LEAVING: Matt: man bāyad yavāsh yavāsh beram. ‫ﯾَﻮاش‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬
‫ﯾَﻮاش ﺑِﺮَم‬
dastetoon dard nakoné
Leyla: na, barāyé shām bemoon! ‫ﺑِﻤﻮن‬ ‫ ﺑَﺮای ﺷﺎم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
thank you expression (formal)
‫دَﺳﺘِﺘﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ Matt: oh, khayli mamnoon, bāyad beram! ،‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬
dastet dard nakoné
Leyla: bāshé, khosh āmadee! ‫آﻣَﺪی‬ ‫ ﺧﻮش‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ
thank you expression (informal)
Matt: khayli khosh gozasht, merci. ‫ﺧﻮش‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
‫دَﺳﺘِﺖ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬
‫ ﻣِﺮﺳ‬،‫ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬
mamnoon az pazeerāyeetoon Leyla: bāshé pass, khodāhāfez, bé omeedé deedār. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ
thank you for hosting ‫ ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار‬،‫ ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬،‫ﭘَﺲ‬
‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن اَز ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﺘﻮن‬ Matt: balé, bé omeedé deedār! feylan khodāhāfez! ،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬
bāyad yavāsh yavāsh beram ‫ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار! ﻓﻌﻼ ً ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬
I must start slowly leaving
‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﯾَﻮاش ﯾَﻮاش ﺑِﺮَم‬ Matt: Thank you so much! I had a great time.
Leyla: Youʼre welcome Matt!
 Matt: I need to get going. saretoon dard nakone
Leyla: No, stay for dinner! I hope your head doesnʼt hurt (expression also meaning
Matt: Oh, thanks so much. I must leave! ʻYouʼre welcomeʼ in response to dastetoon dard nakone)
Leyla: Ok well, you were very welcome here! ‫ﺳﺮِﺗﻮن دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
َ
Matt: I had a great time, thank you.
Leyla: Ok then, goodbye. Hope to see you soon. befarma/befarmayeen too

Matt: Yes, hope to see you soon! Goodbye for now! Please come in
 ‫ ﺑِﻔَﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺗﻮ‬/ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮ ﻣﺎ‬
Note: The translation above is not necessarily a literal
mehmoonee
translation of the conversation, but rather a translation in the
party
spirit of the conversation.
‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬

END OF LESSON 16 mehmoon

guest
‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮن‬
BONUS VOCABULARY:
(inquiring minds want to know...)
Pronunciation Guide:
kabob
kabob a short a like in hat
‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬
ā long a like in not
ghazā
food é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

‫ﻏَﺬا‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 orange nāranjee ‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﺠ‬
yellow zard ‫زَرد‬
green sabz ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬
َ
Lesson 17: How to blue ābee ‫آﺑﯽ‬
Describe Things (Includes purple banafsh ‫ﺑَﻨَﻔﺶ‬
List of All the Colors) brown ghahveyee ‫ﻗَﻬﻮِﯾﯽ‬

Note: In order to convert a word from singular to plural,

COLORS:
simply add hā to the end of the word. For instance, to make
rang the word ketāb plural, you say ketābʼhā.
color
‫رَﻧﮓ‬
DESCRIBING CHICKENS:
rangʼhā
morgh
colors
chicken
‫رَﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣُﺮغ‬
black seeyāh ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬ morghʼhā
colors
white sefeed ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬
ِ
‫ﻣُﺮغ ﻫﺎ‬
red sorkh ‫ﺳﺮخ‬
ُ
een morgh sefeed-é
ghermez ‫ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬ This chicken is white
 ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪِه‬
ِ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ‬ smaller koocheektar ‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮ‬

morghé sefeed smallest koocheektareen ‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

white chicken
‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮغ‬
ِ ُ‫ﻣ‬
COMPARITIVE DESCRIPTIONS:
een morghʼhā seeyāh-an
een morgh koocheek-é
These chickens are black
This chicken is small
‫ﻫﻦ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺳﯿﺎ‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮑِﻪ‬
morghʼhāyé seeyāh
een morgh koocheektar-é
black chickens
This chicken is smaller
‫ﻣُﺮﻏﻬﺎی ﺳﯿﺎه‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮه‬
man yé morghé sefeed dāram
een koocheektareen morgh-é
I have one (a) white chicken
This is the smallest chicken
‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ﺮغ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﯾِﻪ ﻣ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮﻏ ِﻪ‬
man sé morghé seeyāh dāram
I have three black chickens
ADJECTIVES:
‫ﺮغ ﺳﯿﺎه دارَم‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
big bozorg ‫ﺑُﺰُرگ‬
bigger bozorgtar ‫ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮ‬
small koocheek ‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ‬
smallest bozorgtareen ‫ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮﯾﻦ‬ ugliest zeshtareen ‫زِﺷﺖ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

quick ferz ‫ﻓِﺮز‬ een morghé seeyāh ghashang-é

This black chicken is nice looking
quicker ferztar ‫ﻓِﺮزﺗ َﺮ‬
‫ﺮغ ﺳﯿﺎه ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕِﻪ‬
ِ ُ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣ‬
quickest ferztareen ‫ﻓِﺮز ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬

vali oon morghé zard ghashangtar-é

slow kond ‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ‬ But that yellow chicken is nicer looking
slower kondtar ‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮ‬ ‫ﺮغ زَرد ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮه‬
ِ ُ ‫وﻟ اون ﻣ‬
slowest kondtareen ‫ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬ een morghé sorkh kond-é, vali oon morghé zard kondtar-é
This red chicken is slow, but that yellow chicken is slower
‫ﺮغ زَرد ﮐ ُﻨﺪ ﺗ َﺮه‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺳﺮخ ﮐ ُﻨﺪه وَﻟ اون ﻣ‬
ُ ‫اﯾﻦ ﻣُﺮغ‬
nice looking ghashang ‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ‬
nicer looking ghashangtar ‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮ‬ DIALOGUE (BUYING A CAR):
nicest looking ghashangtareen ‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬
expensive geroon ‫ﮔِﺮون‬
more expensive geroontar ‫ﮔِﺮون ﺗ َﺮ‬
ugly zesht ‫زِﺷﺖ‬
uglier zeshtar ‫زِﺷﺖ ﺗ َﺮ‬
 most expensive geroontareen ‫ﮔِﺮون ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨﻮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
Leyla: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ
Matt: een masheené seeyāh ghashangtar-é. va arzoon
cheap arzoon ‫اَرزون‬ neest, vali khayli behtar-é. ‫ و‬.‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎه ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕﺘَﺮِه‬
ِ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬
ِ ‫ وَﻟ‬،‫اَرزون ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
cheaper arzoontar ‫اَرزون ﺗ َﺮ‬
cheapest arzoontareen ‫اَرزون ﺗ َﺮﯾﻦ‬
Matt: Which car is better?

māsheen Leyla: I think this car is better.

car Matt: How so?

Leyla: Well, itʼs white, itʼs nice looking, and itʼs cheap.
‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
Matt: I like this car.
kodoom Leyla: How so?
which (one) Matt: This black car is nicer looking. And itʼs not cheap,
‫ﮐ ُﺪوم‬ but itʼs much better.

Matt: kodoom māsheen behtar-é? ‫ﮐ ُﺪوم ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬

Leyla: man fekr meekonam een māsheen behtar-é. ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
END OF LESSON 17
‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬
Matt: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬ ِ
Leyla: khob, sefeed-é, ghashang-é, va arzoon-é. ،‫ﺧﻮب‬
‫رزون‬
ِ ِ َ‫ ﻗَﺸ‬،ِ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻨﮓ و ا‬ ِ Pronunciation Guide:
Matt: man een masheen-ō doost dāram. ‫ﻣَﻦ اﯾﻦ‬
a short a like in hat é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ā long a like in not ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 two o-clock sāʼat dō-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دوِه‬   

three oʼclock sāʼat sé-é ِ ‫ﺳﻪ‬

ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

Lesson 18: How to Talk four oʼclock sāʼat chāhār-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭼﻬﺎرِه‬
About the Time and ‫ﻨﺠﻪ‬
five oʼclock sāʼat panj-é ِ َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭘ‬
Weather
six oʼclock sāʼat sheesh-é ‫ﺷﯿﺸﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

TIME: seven oʼclock sāʼat ha -é ‫ﻫﻔﺘ ِﻪ‬

َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬
sāʼat
time / watch eight oʼclock sāʼat hasht-é ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
ِ ّ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻫ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬
nine oʼclock sāʼat noh-é ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧُﻪ‬
sāʼat chand-é?
What time is it? ten oʼclock sāʼat dah-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دﻫِﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬
َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬
eleven sāʼat yazdah-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﺎزدَﻫﻪ‬
The time is... oʼclock

twelve sāʼat davāzdah-é‫دَوازدَﻫِﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬

oʼclock
one oʼclock sāʼat yek-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﮑِﻪ‬
 fi een to sāʼat yé robh bé ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ رﺑﻊ‬
neem one yek-é ‫ﯾﮏ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
half
‫ﻧﯿﻢ‬ ______ sāʼat ______ o ‫رﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋِﺖ ـــــــــ و‬
ِ
fi een robh-é
The time is...
fi een to sāʼat yé robh bé ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ روﺑﻊ‬
one thirty sāʼat yek o neem-é ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾﮏ و‬ ______ _______-é ‫ه‬-‫ﺑﻪ ــــــــــ‬
‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬
dagheeghé
four thirty sāʼat chāhār o ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﭼﻬﺎر و‬
minute
neem-é ‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬ ‫دَﻗﯿﻘِﻪ‬

______ sāʼat _________ o ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ــــــــ و‬ Pronunciation note: In conversation, the first gh in dagheeghé
thirty neem-é ‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬ gets dropped, and it sounds like da'eeghé

robh
The time is...
quarter
‫رُﺑﻊ‬ ten sāʼat dah o dah ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه و دَه‬
ten daʼeegh-ast ‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
The time is...

one fi een sāʼat yek o robh-é‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﯾِﮏ‬ ten to sāʼat dah daʼeeghé ِ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ دَه‬
‫رﺑ ِﻪ‬ ten bé dah-é
 nine sāʼat noh o dah ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و دَه‬ alān havā chetor-é?
ten daʼeegh-ast How is the weather right now?
‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ َ ‫اَﻻن‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
nine sāʼat noh o panjāh ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و ﭘَﻨﺠﺎه‬
havā khoob-é
fi y daʼeegh-ast ‫دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ‬ The weather is good
‫ﻫﻮا ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
َ
ten to sāʼat dah daʼeeghé ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ دَه دَﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
nine bé noh-é
ِ ‫ﻧُﻪ‬ garm
warm
‫ﮔَﺮم‬
WEATHER: havā garm-é

havā The weather is warm

weather ‫ﻫﻮا ﮔَﺮﻣِﻪ‬

َ
‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ sard

havā chetor-é? warm

How is the weather? ‫ﺳﺮد‬

َ
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ havā sard-é

emrooz havā chetor-é? The weather is cold

How is the weather today? ‫ﺳﺮدِه‬

َ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬ ā āb
sun
 ‫آﻓﺘﺎب‬ bāroon
rain
havā ā ābee-yé
‫ﺑﺎرون‬
The weather is sunny
‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ havā bāroonee-yé
The weather is rainy
martoob
‫ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎروﻧﯿﻪ‬
َ
humid
‫ﻣَﺮﻃﻮب‬ barf
snow
havā martoob-é
‫ﺑَﺮف‬
The weather is humid
‫ﺮﻃﻮب‬
ِ َ‫ﻫﻮا ﻣ‬
َ havā barfee-yé
The weather is snowy
khoshk
‫ﻫﻮا ﺑَﺮﻓﯿﻪ‬
َ
dry
‫ﺧُﺸﮏ‬ daré bāroon meeyād
itʼs raining (now)
havā khoshk-é
‫دارِه ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯿﺎد‬
The weather is dry
‫ﻫﻮا ﺧُﺸﮑِﻪ‬
َ daré barf meeyād
itʼs snowing (now)
‫دارِه ﺑَﺮف ﻣﯿﺎد‬
PRECIPITATION:
DIALOGUE (A CONVERSATION Translation:
ABOUT THE WEATHER):
Matt: Excuse me, what time is it?
sard neest
Leyla: The time is six-thirty.
itʼs not cold
Matt: Thank you so much. What great weather it is!
‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
َ Leyla: Yes, the weather is very good. Itʼs not cold, and itʼs
also not rainy.
cheghadr
how (much)
‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬
ِ END OF LESSON 18
Conversation:
BONUS VOCABULARY:
Matt: bebakhsheed, sāʼat chand-é? ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬ ،‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬ (inquiring minds want to know...)
‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬
َ
tagarg
Leyla: sāʼat sheesh o neem-é. ‫ﻧﯿﻤِﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ و‬
hail
Matt: khayli mamnoon. cheghadr havā khoob-é! ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬ ‫ﺗ َﮕَﺮگ‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬
ِ .‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
Leyla: balé, havā khayli khoob-é. sard neest va bāroonee havā toofāneeyé
the weather is stormy
ham neest. ‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و َ ﺑﺎروﻧ‬
َ .‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ ،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻧﯿِﻪ‬
َ
‫ﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
َ
havā molāyemé
the weather is mild
 ‫ﻫﻮا ﻣُﻼﯾﻤِﻪ‬
َ ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Pronunciation Guide:
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
a short a like in hat
 dooset dāram
I like/love you
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
ِ

Lesson 19: How to Talk Cultural note: In actuality, this phrase is doostet dāram, but
the first ʻtʼ sound gets dropped in conversation.
About Love and Friendship
doosam dāree?
Do you like/love me?
LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP: ‫دوﺳﻢ داری؟‬
َ
eshgh
man ham dooset dāram
love
I like/love you too
‫ﻋِﺸﻖ‬
‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
doostee
friendship
TERMS OF ENDEARMENT:
‫دوﺳﺘ‬
jān/joon
(tō) eshghé man-ee dear
you are my love ‫ﺟون‬/‫ﺟﺎن‬
  ‫ﺸﻖ ﻣَﻨ‬
ِ ِ‫ﻋ‬
Leyla: matt jān, chetor-ee? ‫ ِﭼطوری؟‬،‫َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬
āsheghet-am
Matt: khayli khoob-am leyla jān, tō khoob-ee? ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧو َﺑم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬
I am in love with you.
‫ ﺗو ﺧوﺑﯽ؟‬،‫ﺟﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺎﺷﻘِﺘَﻢ‬
ِ Leyla: man ham khoob-am. lādan jān chetor-é? .‫َﻣن َھم ﺧو َﺑم‬
‫طوره‬
ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن ِﭼ‬ zeebā
Matt: lādan jān ham khoob-é. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬
ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن َھم‬ beautiful
‫زﯾﺒﺎ‬
azizam
my dear khayli zeebā-yee
you are very beautiful
‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰَم‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ‬
ِ
jānam
my dear khoshgel
pretty
 ‫ﺟﺎﻧ َﻢ‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬
jānam-ee
you are my dear khayli khoshgel-ee

  ‫ﺟﺎﻧ َﻤ‬ you are very pretty

  ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬
jeegar
dear ché khoshgel-ee
how pretty you are!
‫ﺟﯿﮕَﺮ‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬
ghorboon-et beram
literally: I hope I become a sacrifice for you khoshteep
handsome
‫ﻗُﺮﺑﻮﻧِﺖ ﺑِﺮَم‬
‫ﺧﻮش ﺗﯿﭗ‬

COMPLIMENTS: boos bedé

give me a kiss
  ‫ﺑﻮس ﺑِﺪه‬ (man) nāmzad dāram
I have a fiancé
 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد دارَم‬
MARITAL STATUS:
(man) mojaradam Matt: salām lādan jān. ‫َﺳﻼم ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن‬
I am single Ladan: salām aziz-am. ‫زﯾزم‬
َ ‫َﺳﻼم َﻋ‬

 ‫ﺠﺮَدَم‬ Matt: khayli dooset dāram. ‫دارم‬

َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ دوﺳِ ت‬
َ ُ‫ﻣ‬
Ladan: man ham dooset dāram. ‫دارم‬
َ ‫َﻣن َھم دوﺳِ ت‬
(man) zan dāram Matt: khayli āshegetam. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﻋﺎﺷِ ِﻘ َﺗم‬
I have a wife Ladan: man ham āshegetam. ‫َﻣن َھم ﻋﺎﺷِ ِﻘ َﺗم‬
  ‫زَن دارَم‬ Matt: khayli khoshgelee. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﮕِﻠﯽ‬
Ladan: ghorboonet beram matt jān. ‫ﻗُرﺑوﻧِت ِﺑ َرم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬
(man) shohar dāram
I have a husband
‫ﻫﺮ دارَم‬
َ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ END OF LESSON 19
(man) doost dokhtar dāram
I have a girlfriend BONUS VOCABULARY
 ‫دوﺳﺖ دُﺧﺘَﺮ دارَم‬ (inquiring minds want to know):
(man) doost pesar dāram asal
I have a boyfriend honey
 ‫دوﺳﺖ ﭘِﺴﺮ دارَم‬ ‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
 nāz
sweet Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﻧﺎز‬
a short a like in hat
fereshté
angel ā long a like in not

‫ﻓِﺮِﺷﺘِﻪ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
sheereen
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
sweet
‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬
 LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP:
jāt khāli
lit: Your place is empty (You are missed)
Lesson 20: Review of Unit
ِ ‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟ‬
2
jāyé _________ khāli
__________ is missed.
DIALOGUES: ‫ﺟﺎی ــــــ ﺧﺎﻟ‬

Matt: salām, hālé shomā chetor-é? ‫طوره؟‬ ُ ‫ﺣﺎل‬

ِ ‫ﺷﻣﺎ ِﭼ‬ ِ ،‫َﺳﻼم‬ khāhesh meekonam
In-Law: vālā bad neestam matt jān. hālé tō chetor-é? ‫واﻻ َﺑد‬ Youʼre welcome
‫طوره؟‬ ِ .‫ﻧﯾﺳ َﺗم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺗو ِﭼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Matt: hālé man ham khoob-é. ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎل َﻣن َھم‬
ِ
In-Law: jāyé lādan khālee. lādan chetor-é? ‫ ﻻدَ ن‬.‫ﺧﺎﻟﯾﮫ‬ emrooz ché roozee-yé?
ِ ‫ﺟﺎی ﻻدَ ن‬
‫طوره؟‬ What day is today?
ِ ‫ِﭼ‬
Matt: lādan ham khoob-é, mamnoonam! ‫ َﻣﻣﻧو َﻧم‬،‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬
ِ ‫ﻻدَ ن َھم‬
‫ﭼﻪ روزﯾﻪ‬
ِ ‫اِﻣﺮوز‬
In-Law: khob, befarmā besheen! ‫ ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ِﺑﺷﯾن‬،‫ﺧوب‬
māh
Matt: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬
month
In-Law: befarmā chāi. ‫ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ﭼﺎی‬
‫ﻣﺎه‬
Matt: dastetoon dard nakoné. ‫دَ ﺳﺗِﺗون دَ رد َﻧﮑُﻧِﮫ‬
In-Law: gorosne-yee? ‫ُﮔرُﺳﻧﮫ ی؟‬ fasl
Matt: na, tāzé nāhār khordam merci. ‫ﺗﺎزه ﻧﺎھﺎر ﺧوردَ م ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬
ِ !‫َﻧﮫ‬ season
In-Law: khāhesh meekonam. ‫َﺧواھِش ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬
‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬
 ha é oo
week he/she
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫او‬

roozhāyé ha é ān/oon
days of the week it
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬
ِ  ‫ اون‬/ ‫آن‬

vālā mā
truthfully we
‫واﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

hālé tō chetor-é? shomā

How are you? (informal) you, formal or plural
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

ānhā/oonhā/oonā
PERSONAL PRONOUNS: they
‫ اوﻧﺎ‬/ ‫ اوﻧﮭﺎ‬/ ‫آﻧﮭﺎ‬
man
I/me
Zohreh: salām, khosh āmadeen. ‫ ﺧوش آ َﻣدﯾن‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬
‫ﻣَﻦ‬ Matt: salām, mamnoonam. een khoone-yé shomā-st? ،‫َﺳﻼم‬
ُ ‫ اﯾن ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی‬.‫َﻣﻣﻧو َﻧم‬
‫ﺷﻣﺎﺳت؟‬
tō
Zohreh: balé, een khoone-yé man-é. ‫ اﯾن ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی َﻣﻧِﮫ‬،‫َﺑﻠِﮫ‬
you, informal
Matt: ché khoone-yé ghashangee! ‫ِﭼﮫ ﺧوﻧِﮫ ی َﻗ َﺷﻧﮕﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻮ‬
Zohreh: merci! ‫ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬ The following phrases feature vocabulary sampled from
Matt: esmé man matt-é! ‫ِﺳم َﻣن َﻣﺗِﮫ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ Lesson 1 through 9. Translate them into English:
Zohreh: salām matt jān, man zohreh hastam ‫ َﻣن‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت ﺟﺎن‬
1. dāram fārsi yād meegeeram
ِ ‫ُز‬
‫ھره َھﺳ َﺗم‬
______________________________________________________
Matt: salām zohreh jān! man shohar-é lādan hastam. lādan
2. emrooz chāhārom-é zhuʼiyé hast
ُ ‫ھره ﺟﺎن! َﻣن‬
eenjā neest? ‫ ﻻدَ ن اﯾﻧﺟﺎ ﻧﯾﺳت‬.‫ﺷو َھ ِر ﻻدَ ن َھﺳ َﺗم‬ ِ ‫َﺳﻼم ُز‬
______________________________________________________
Zohreh: na hanooz! vali befarmā too lotfan, dāré bāroon
3. (tō) chāi meekhāi?
ِ ،ً‫َﻧﮫ َھﻧوز! َوﻟﯽ ِﺑ َﻔرﻣﺎ ﺗو ﻟُﺗﻔﺎ‬
meeyād! ‫داره ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯾﺎد‬
______________________________________________________
4. een khooné-yé madar-é man-é
______________________________________________________
5. balé, gorosnam-é
Zohreh: Hello, welcome.
______________________________________________________
Matt: Hello, thank you. Is this your house?
6. khayli khosh gozasht
Zohreh: Yes, this is my house.
______________________________________________________
Matt: What a nice house!
7. een morgh koocheek-é
Zohreh: Thank you!
______________________________________________________
Matt: My name is Matt.
8. daré bāroon meeyād
Zohreh: Hello Matt, my name is Zohreh.
______________________________________________________
Matt: Hello Zohreh! I am Ladanʼs husband. Ladan isnʼt
9. khayli zeebā-yee
here?
______________________________________________________
Zohreh: Not yet. But please come in, itʼs raining!
10. meeshé lotfan tekrār koneen?
______________________________________________________
11. (man) chāi nemeekhām
EXERCISE ONE:
______________________________________________________
12. khosh āmadee! EXERCISE THREE:
__________________________________________________________
Compare the two chickens below using vocabulary learned in
13. nāhār hāzer-é
unit 2:
__________________________________________________________
14. een morgh sefeed-é
14. een morgh sefeed-é
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

EXERCISE FOUR:
EXERCISE TWO:
Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian:
Write the following numbers in phonetic Persian:
1,000 ____________________________
1,000 ________________________________
22 ____________________________
22 ________________________________
63 ____________________________
63 ________________________________
155 ____________________________
155 ________________________________
120 ____________________________
120 ________________________________
14 ____________________________
14 ________________________________
12 ____________________________
12 ________________________________
95 ____________________________
95 ________________________________
50 ____________________________
50 ________________________________
10 ____________________________
10 ________________________________
18 ____________________________
18 ________________________________
84 ____________________________
84 ________________________________

EXERCISE FIVE:
Compare the two chickens below using vocabulary learned in
unit 2:

Pronunciation Guide:
Example: Yek morgh zarde va yek morgh seeyaheh. Een a short a like in hat
morghe seeyah bozorge. Een morghe zard bozorg neest, vali
ghashange. Een morghe zard koocheektar az een morghe ā long a like in not
seeyahe.
é ending ʻeʼ
_______________________________________________________________ like in elf
_______________________________________________________________
ō ending o
_______________________________________________________________ sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 (mā) hasteem We are ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ

plural
(shomā) hasteed You are ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ‬
َ
(ānhā) hastand They are ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻨﺪ‬
َ
Lesson 21: The verb ‘To Be’
In unit 3 of Chai and Conversation we will focus on grammar.
To begin, letʼs explore one of the most common verbs in any
THE COLLOQUIAL
language- to be, or in Persian, boodan. As weʼve covered
CONJUGATION:
before, spoken Persian is different than written Persian, and
this is certainly the case in the conjugation of the verb 'to be'.
(man) hastam I am ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
To get a full picture of the verb in all its varieties, we will learn

singular
the formal written conjugation and the informal colluoquial (tō) hastee You are ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
conjugation most o en heard in spoken Persian. (oo) hast He/she is ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ

THE FORMAL CONJUGATION: (mā) hasteem We are ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬

َ

plural
(shomā) hasteen You are ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
(man) hastam I am ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ (ānhā) hastan They are ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ
singular

(tō) hastee You are ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬

َ
Note: In the above colloquial conjugation, only the shomā and
(oo) hast He/she is ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ānhā form is different from the formal conjugation.
In addition to the formal and informal conjugations, the verb hasteem -eem We are
'to be', boodan has a reduced form that can be used in
combination with other words. For instance, to say ʻI am ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
goodʼ (meaning I am well), you say man khoob-am. This is a
hasteen -een You are
combination of the word good, khoob and -am, which is the

plural
the shortened version of hastam, or 'I am'. We will go over ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
several examples to illustrate this.
hastan -an They are

THE REDUCED FORM OF ‘TO ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬

َ
BE’:
full-form reduced
hastam -am I am
TO BE FREE:
Infinitive: āzād boodan
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
‫آزاد ﺑﻮدَن‬
hastee -ee You are
singular

full-form reduced
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ āzād hastam āzād-am I am free

hast -é He/she is ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬

َ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آزادَم‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ āzād hastee āzād-ee You are free
singular

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آزادی‬
 āzād hast āzād-é He/she is free khoob hastam khoob-am I am well

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫آزاد‬ ِ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ ﺧﻮب‬

khoob hastee khoob-ee You are well

singular
āzād hasteem āzād-eem We are free
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮب‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آزادﯾﻢ‬
khoob hast khoob-é He/she is well

āzād hasteen āzād-een You are free

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮب ﺧﻮب‬
ِ
plural

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫آزادﯾﻦ آزاد‬

āzād hastan āzād-an They are free khoob khoob- We are well
hasteem eem
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ ‫آزاد‬ ‫آزادَن‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻢ ﺧﻮب‬

khoob hasteen khoob-een You are well

TO BE WELL:

plural
Infinitive: khoob boodan ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮب‬

‫ﺧﻮب ﺑﻮدَن‬ khoob hastan khoob-an They are well

full-form reduced ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬

َ ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻦ ﺧﻮب‬
 sing
khoshhāl khoshhāl- You are
Leyla: khoob-ee? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬
hastee ee happy
Matt: khoob-am! ‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟ‬
Matt: khoob-een? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
Leyla: khoob-eem! ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯿﻢ‬
khoshhāl hast khoshhāl-é He/she is
happy
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
ِ
TO BE HAPPY: ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
Infinitive: khoshhāl boodan

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮدَن‬
khoshhāl khoshhāl- We are

full-form reduced hasteem eem happy

khoshhāl khoshhāl- I am happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﯿﻢ‬

hastam am
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟَﻢ‬
khoshhāl khoshhāl- You are
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
hasteen een happy

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﺒﻦ‬
plural

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
gular
 khoshhāl khoshhāl- They are khoshgel hast khoshgel-é He/she is
hastan an happy pretty
‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟَﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ

khoshgel khoshgel- We are pretty

TO BE PRETTY: hasteem eem

Infinitive: khoshgel boodan ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ ﺑﻮدَن‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬

َ

full-form reduced khoshgel khoshgel- You are

hasteen een pretty
khoshgel khoshgel- I am pretty

plural
hastam am
‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠﺒﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠَﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
khoshgel khoshgel- They are
hastan an pretty
khoshgel khoshgel- You are
hastee ee pretty ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠَﻦ‬
singular

‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﮕِﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬

َ
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
TO BE HEAVY-HEARTED: deltang deltang- We are heavy-
hasteem eem hearted
Infinitive: deltang boodan

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫دِل‬

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺑﻮدَن‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺗ َﻨﮕﯿﻢ‬
full-form reduced
deltang deltang- I am heavy- deltang deltang- You are heavy-

hastam am hearted hasteen een hearted

plural
‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕَﻢ‬ ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫دِل‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺗ َﻨﮕﺒﻦ‬

deltang deltang- You are heavy- deltang deltang- They are heavy-
hastee ee hearted hastan an hearted
singular

‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕ‬ ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮕَﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ

deltang hast deltang- He/she is heavy-

é hearted
 ‫دِل ﺗ َﻨﮓ‬ TO BE IRANIAN:
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫َﻨﮓ‬
ِ ‫دِل ﺗ‬ Infinitive: irānee boodan

‫اﯾﺮاﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬

full-form reduced
 irānee irānee-yamI am Iranian irānee hastan irānee-yan They are
hastam Iranian
‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿَﻢ‬   ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿَﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ

irānee hastee irānee-yee You are Iranian

singular

Note: In the above example, because the word ends with a

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ vowel, a ʻyʼ sound is added between the noun and the
reduced ʻto beʼ ending in order to make the word flow more
irānee hast irānee-yé He/she is naturally. See the next section for a guide to adjustments to
Iranian verbs ending with an ā or é sound.
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿِﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧ‬

TO BE AMERICAN:
irānee irānee- We are Iranian Infinitive: āmrikāyee boodan
hasteem yeem
‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدَن‬
  ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ full-form reduced
āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- I am
irānee irānee- You are Iranian hastam yam American
hasteen yeen
‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿَﻢ‬
plural

  ‫اﯾﺮاﻧ‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺒﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬

َ
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
 āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- You are āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- They are

singular
hastee yee American hastan yan American

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬
َ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿَﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ

āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- He/she is

hast yé American
EXCEPTIONS:
‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿِﻪ‬ Because the reduced form of ʻto beʼ starts with a vowel, slight
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ adjustments need to be made when it follows a verb that
ends in either the vowel ā or é (these adjustments are more
extreme than if the vowel ends with an ee as exemplifies in
āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- We are the nationality examples above).
hasteem yeem American

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿﻢ‬ TO BE CRAZY:

‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ In the following example, the verb is deevoné, meaning crazy.
In the first person singular form, the é sound is taken out. So
āmrikāyee āmrikāyee- You are rather than deevooné-am, you simply say deevoon-am. The
hasteen yeen American same is true for the third person plural. It is reduced from
deevoné-an to deevoon-an. As noted above, the third person
plural

‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
singular becomes deevoon-ast instead of deevooné-é. Note
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ that for the third person singular (he, she or it), the original
ast is used.
Infinitive: deevooné boodan deevooné deevooné- You are
hasteen yeen crazy

plural
‫دﯾﻮاﻧِﻪ ﺑﻮدَن‬
‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ اﯾﻦ‬
full-form reduced
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
deevooné deevoon-am I am crazy
hastam deevooné deevoon-an They are
‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﻢ‬
hastan crazy
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﻦ‬
‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬
deevooné deevooné- You are
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻨﻦ‬
َ
singular

hastee yee crazy

‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ ای دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬
END OF LESSON 21
deevooné hast deevoon-ast He/she is
crazy
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧ َﺴﺖ دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬

Pronunciation Guide:
deevooné deevooné- We are a short a like in hat
hasteem yeem crazy
ā long a like in not
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ اﯾﻢ دﯾﻮوﻧِﻪ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
    ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

(man) bad neestam

I am not bad

Lesson 22: The verb ‘To  ‫ﺑَﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

Have’ (man) khoob neestam

I am not well
 ‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬
FIRST, THE NEGATIVE OF 'TO
BE': Conversation 1:

(man) neestam I am not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬

Joe: khoobee? ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ؟‬
singular

(tō) neestee You are not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬

Sara: bad neestam. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﺑَﺪ‬
(oo) neest He/she is not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

1) INFINITIVE, AND PAST AND

(mā) neesteem We are not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
PRESENT STEMS:
plural

(shomā) neesteen You are not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ 1) INFINITIVE: All Persian verbs in the infinitive form end with
(ānhā) neestan They are not ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻦ‬ the sound -an.

boodan
to be
(man) khoshhāl neestam ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
I am not happy
 boodan ----> hast
dāshtan to be ----> is
to have ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ <--- ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬
dāshtan ----> dār
2) STEMS: There are two stems for each Persian verb, the past to have ----> have
stem and the present stem. To get the past stem, you simply ‫< دار‬--- ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬
take the -an sound off the end of the infinitive form of the
verb. Present stem: dār

boodan ----> bood (man) dāram I have ‫دارَم‬

singular
to be ----> was
(tō) dāree You have ‫داری‬
‫< ﺑﻮد‬--- ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
(oo) dāré He/she has ‫داره‬
dāshtan ----> dāsht
to have ----> had
‫< داﺷﺖ‬--- ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬
(mā) dāreem We have ‫دارﯾﻢ‬

plural
(shomā) dāreen You have ‫دارﯾﻦ‬

CONJUGATING THE PRESENT (ānhā) dāran They have ‫دارَن‬

STEM:
In the case of the verbs to be and to have, the present stems
are a bit trickier. They are irregular, so they simply need to be TO HAVE A HAT:
memorized.
 (man) kolāh I have a hat ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ -am dāram hastam
dāram ‫دارَم‬
‫دارَم‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
singular (tō) kolāh dāree You have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
hat -ee dāree hastee
‫داری‬

singular
(oo) kolāh dāré He/she has a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه دارِه‬ ‫داری‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
hat
-é dāré hast (exception)

(mā) kolāh We have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬ ‫داره‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬

َ
dāreem hat ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) kolāh You have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
plural

-eem dāreem hasteem

dāreen hat ‫دارﯾﻦ‬
‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
(ānhā) kolāh They have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
dāran hat ‫دارَن‬ -een dāreen hasteen

plural
Note: In Persian, you donʼt need to specify ʻa hatʼ or ʻhatsʼ. ‫دارﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ
Rather, these phrases are translated as ʻI have hatʼ or ʻthey
have hatʼ,ʼ and the indicator is understood. -an dāran hastan

‫دارَن‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ
PERSONAL ENDINGS:
to have to be
TO NOT HAVE:
Stem: nadār

(man) nadāram I don't have ‫ﻧ َﺪارَم‬

(mā) kolāh We don't have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
singular nadāreem hat ‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬
(tō) nadāree You don't have ‫ﻧ َﺪاری‬
(shomā) kolāh You (all) don't ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬

plural
(oo) nadāré He/she doesn't ‫ﻧ َﺪاره‬ nadāreen have a hat
have
‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ‬
(ānhā) kolāh They don't have ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
nadāran a hat ‫ﻧ َﺪارَن‬
(mā) nadāreem We don't have ‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) You (all) don't ‫ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ‬
plural

nadāreen have
(to) chand sāl dāree?
(ānhā) nadāran They don't have ‫ﻧ َﺪارَن‬ How old are you? (informal)
 ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل داری؟‬
َ
TO NOT HAVE A HAT: (shomā) chand sāl dāreen?
How old are you? (formal)
(man) kolāh I don't have a ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
nadāram hat
 ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل دارﯾﻦ؟‬
َ
‫ﻧ َﺪارَم‬
(man) _____ sāl dāram
(tō) kolāh You don't have ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
singular

nadāree hat I am ______ years old (literally: I have ____ years)

‫ﻧ َﺪاری‬
‫دارم‬
َ ‫َﻣن ــــــــــــــ ﺳﺎل‬
(oo) kolāh He/she doesn't ‫ﮐ ُﻼه‬
nadāré have a hat ‫ﻧ َﺪاره‬
 man computer dāram chand tā
I have a computer how many
 ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ دارَم‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ؟‬
َ

man computer nadāram tā does not have a direct translation in the English language,
I donʼt have a computer but it means something along the lines of ʻunits.ʼ So the
 ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬ question chand tā is essentially saying ʻhow many units.ʼ It is
optional, however, and as you will see in the last example,
sāra khooné dāré you can choose to leave it out of a sentence and still get your
Sara has a house message across.
‫ﺳﺎرا ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ داره‬
chand tā māsheen dāree?
sāra khooné nadāré How many cars do you have? (informal)
Sara doesnʼt have a house ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داری؟‬
َ
‫ﺳﺎرا ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧ َﺪاره‬
chand tā māsheen dāreen?
oo dah sāl dāré How many cars do you have? (formal)
He is ten years old ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارﯾﻦ؟‬
َ
‫دَه ﺳﺎل دارِه‬
man panj māsheen dāram
mā podcast dāreem I have five cars
We have a podcast ‫ﻣَﻦ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارَم‬
 ‫ﭘﺎدﮐ َﺴﺖ دارﯾﻢ‬
ALTERNATE: man panj tā māsheen dāram
I have five cars
QUANTITIES: ‫ﻣَﻦ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ دارَم‬
 Sara: No, I donʼt have a house. I live in my motherʼs house.
Joe: salām sārā. tō chand sāl dāree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﺳﻼم ﺳﺎرا‬
َ
Joe: What about a car, do you have a car?
‫ﺳﺎل داری؟‬
Sara: Yes, I have a car.
Sara: man see sāl dāram. tō chetor? ‫ﺗﻮ‬ .‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳ ﺳﺎل دارَم‬ Joe: Thatʼs great. I donʼt have a car, but I have five bicycles.
‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ Sara: How many bicycles do you have?!
Joe: man ham see sāl dāram. khooné dāree? ‫ﻫﻢ ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ Joe: Five!

‫ ﺧﻮﻧﻪ داری؟‬.‫ﺳﺎل دارَم‬

Sara: na, khooné nadāram. khooneyé māmānam zendegee
meekonam. ‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ زِﻧﺪِﮔ‬.‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
END OF LESSON 2
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Joe: māsheen chetor, māsheen dāree? ،‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داری؟‬
Sara: balé, yek māsheen dāram. ‫دارَم‬ ‫ ﯾِﮏ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬،‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬ Pronunciation Guide:
Joe: ché khoob. man māsheen nadāram, vali panj
a short a like in hat
docharkhé dāram. ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ‬ ‫ وَﻟ‬،‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬.‫ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮب‬
ِ
‫ﺧﻪ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫دو‬ ā long a like in not
Sara: chand tā docharké dāree?! ‫داری؟‬ ‫ﺧﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ دو‬
َ
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Joe: panj tā! ‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
Joe: Hello Sara. How old are you?
Sara: I am thirty. How about you?
Joe: I am also 30. Do you have a house?
 (ānhā) boodan They were ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬

mehmoonee chetor bood?

How was the party?
Lesson 23: The Simple ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﺑﻮد؟‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬
Past Tense (khayli) khoob bood
It was (very) good.
To get the past stem of a word, simply take the 'an' off the
infinitive form of the word. ‫ﺧَﯿﻠ ﺧﻮب ﺑﻮد‬

khoob nabood
BEING IN THE PAST:
It was not good.
boodan ----> bood ‫ﺧﻮب ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬
to be ----> past stem of to be
        ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬  ‫ ﺑود‬   Leyla: mehmoonee cheetor bood? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﺑﻮد؟‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬
ِ
Matt: khoob nabood.  ‫ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮب‬
(man) boodam I was ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬
Leyla: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ
(tō) boodee You were ‫ﺑﻮدی‬ Matt: khasté boodam. ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬

(oo) bood He/she/it was ‫ﺑﻮد‬

Leyla: How was the party?
Matt: It was not good.
Leyla: How so?
(mā) boodeem We were ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬
Matt: I was tired.
(shomā) boodeen You (all) were ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬
HAPPINESS IN THE PAST: HEAVY-HEARTEDNESS IN THE
khoshhāl boodan ----> khoshhāl bood
PAST:
to be happy ----> past stem of to be happy deltang boodan ----> deltang bood
to be heavy hearted ----> past stem of to be heavy hearted
‫ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﻮد‬
‫ دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ ﺑﻮد‬
(man) khoshhāl I was happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
boodam ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬ (man) deltang I was heavy-  ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬
boodam hearted ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬
(tō) khoshhāl You were ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
singular

boodee happy ‫ﺑﻮدی‬ (tō) deltang You were heavy- ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬

singular
boodee hearted ‫ﺑﻮدی‬
(oo) khoshhāl He/she was ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
bood happy
(oo) deltang He/she was ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬
bood heavy-hearted ‫ﺑﻮد‬

(mā) khoshhāl We were ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

boodeem happy
(mā) deltang We were heavy- ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬
boodeem hearted ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) You (all) ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
(shomā) You (all) were ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬
plural

khoshhāl were happy ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬

plural
deltang heavy-hearted ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬
boodeen
boodeen
(ānhā) khoshhāl They were ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
boodan happy
(ānhā) deltang They were ‫دِﻟﺘَﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
boodan heavy-hearted ‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
 BECAUSE AND BUT:
TIREDNESS IN THE PAST:
barāyé eenké
khasté boodan ----> khasté bood because (for the reason that)
to be tired ----> past stem of to be tired
‫ﺑَﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ‬
‫ ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدَن‬    ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد‬ vali
but
(man) khasté I was tired ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫وَﻟ‬
boodam ‫ﺑﻮدَم‬
example sentences:
(tō) khasté You were ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
singular

boodee tired ‫ﺑﻮدی‬ mehmoonee khoob nabood barāyé eenké khasté boodam.
The party wasnʼt good because I was tired.
(oo) khasté bood He/she was ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
tired ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ﺧﻮب ﻧ َﺒﻮد ﺑَﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَم‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬
mehmoonee bad nabood, vali khasté boodam.
The party wasnʼt bad, but I was tired.
(mā) khasté We were ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
boodeem tired ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ﺑَﺪ ﻧ َﺒﻮد وَﻟ ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَم‬
‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) khasté You (all) ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
plural

boodeen were tired ‫ﺑﻮدﯾﻦ‬

GOING IN THE PAST:
ra an ----> ra
(ānhā) khasté They were ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
boodan tired to go ----> past stem of to go
‫ﺑﻮدَن‬
‫ رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬    ‫رَﻗﺖ‬
 (oo) kard He/she did ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬

(man) ra am I went ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬

(tō) ra ee You went ‫رَﻓﺘ‬ (mā) kardeem We did ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
(oo) ra He/she went ‫رَﻓﺖ‬ (shomā) kardeen You (all) did ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
(ānhā) kardan They did ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

(mā) ra eem We went ‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) ra een You (all) went ‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻦ‬ MAKING CONVERSATION:
(ānhā) ra an They went ‫رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬
ākharé ha é cheekār kardee?
What did you do during the weekend? (informal)
DOING IN THE PAST: ‫ﭼﯾﮑﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬
kardan ----> kard
ākharé ha é cheekār kardeen?
to do ----> past stem of to do
What did you do during the weekend? (formal)
‫ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬    ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﯾﮑﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

ra am cinemā
I went to the movies
(man) kardam I did ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬
(tō) kardee You did ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
Note: In written and formal Persian, a verb that deals with ‫و ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ رَﻓﺘﻢ ﭘﺎرک‬
movement comes at the end of the sentence. For instance, ʻI
went to the moviesʼ would be bé cinemā ra am. In colloquial
Persian, the bé (to) becomes understood, and the ʻmovement NOT GOING IN THE PAST:
verbʼ goes to the beginning of the sentence, as you can see
nara an ----> nara
with the example above and those that follow.
to not go ----> past stem of to not go

    ‫ ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻦ‬    ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺖ‬

ra am kelāsé yogā
I went to yoga class (man) nara am I didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻢ‬
‫ﻼس ﯾﻮﮔﺎ‬
ِ ِ ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﮐ‬
(tō) nara ee You didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘ‬
ra am kelāsé naghāshee
(oo) nara He/she didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺖ‬
I went to drawing class
‫ﻼس ﻧ َﻘﺎﺷ‬
ِ ِ ‫رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﮐ‬

ra eem musé (mā) nara eem We didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬

We went to the museum
(shomā) nara een You (all) didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﻮزِه‬
(ānhā) nara an They didn't go ‫ﻧ َﺮَﻓﺘَﻦ‬
jomʼé shab ra eem musé
Friday night we went to the museum
‫ﻌﻪ ﺷَ ﺐ رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﻮزِه‬
ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬

va shanbé ra am pārk
and Saturday I went to the park
 Matt: Friday. And Saturday I went to the park with my
Leyla: matt, chetor-ee? ‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬ ،‫ﻣَﺖ‬
brother.
Matt: bad neestam leyla. ākharé ha é khosh gozasht? ‫ﺑَﺪ‬
Leyla: How great.
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺧﻮش ﮔَﺬَﺷﺖ؟‬
َ ‫ آﺧَﺮه‬.‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ ﻟﯿﻼ‬
Leyla: āré, bad nabood. tō chetor? ākharé ha é chekār
kardee? ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟ آﺧَﺮه‬
ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫ ﺑَﺪ ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬،‫آره‬ END OF LESSON 23
‫ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
Matt: bā lādan ra am cinemā. ‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻻدَن رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬
Leyla: kay? ‫؟‬ ِ‫ﮐ‬
Matt: jomʼé. shanbé ham ra am pārk bā barādaram.
Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﻫﻢ رَﻓﺘَﻢ ﭘﺎرک ﺑﺎ ﺑَﺮادَرَم‬
َ ‫ ﺷﻨﺒِﻪ‬.‫ﺟﻤﻌﻪ‬
Leyla: cheghadr khoob. ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﺧﻮب‬ ِ
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

Leyla: Matt, how are you?
Matt: Iʼm not bad Leyla. Did you have a good weekend? é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Leyla: Yes, it wasnʼt bad. How about you? What did you do
over the weekend? ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
Matt: I went to the movies with Ladan.
Leyla: When?
 ‫ﺘﺎب ﺗﻮ‬
ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬

khoone-yé mā
our house

Lesson 24: The Concept of ‫ﺧﻮﻧﻪ ی ﻣﺎ‬

‘Ezafé’ zan-é man

my wife
Weʼve seen ezafé several times in previous lessons. It is the ʻéʼ
sound that follows a noun in order to let the listener know ‫ن ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ َ‫ز‬
that more information is about to follow.
telephon-é Maryam
formula: Maryamʼs phone

noun + é + more information

ِ ُ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔ‬
‫ﻦ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ‬

The following are more specific uses of ezafé as outlined in

the lesson.
SECOND USE OF EZAFÉ- LINK
(PERSIAN) FIRST NAME TO
LAST NAME:
FIRST USE OF EZAFÉ- TO TALK
formula:
ABOUT POSSESSION:
first name + é + last name
formula:

belonging + é + owner fared-é shafinury

Fared Shafinury
ketab-é tō ‫ﻧﻮری‬ ‫ﻓَﺮﯾﺪ ِ ﺷَ ﻔﯿ‬
your book
 leyla-yé shams ‫ﻣَﺖ آﻗﺎ‬
Leyla Shams
‫ﻟﯿﻼی ﺷَ ﻤﺲ‬
ِ
THIRD USE OF EZAFÉ-
āghā LINKING TWO NOUNS:
Mr.
formula:
‫آﻗﺎ‬
noun + é + more information
khānoom
Mrs/Ms. film-é bambi

‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮم‬ the film Bambi

‫ﻢ ﺑَﻤﺒﯽ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﯿﻠ‬
āghā-yé bourneuf
Mr. Bourneuf kheeyaboon-é main

‫آﻗﺎی ﺑﻮرﻧ ُﻒ‬ Main Street

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﻣِﯿﻦ‬
ِ
khānoom shams
Ms. Shams pārk-é lālé

‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﺷَ ﻤﺲ‬ Laleh Park

‫ﭘﺎرک ﻻﻟِﻪ‬
ِ
leyla khānoom
Ms. Leyla
‫ﻟﯿﻼ ﺧﺎﻧﻮم‬ FOURTH USE OF EZAFÉ-
LINKING A NOUN TO AN
matt āghā
ADJECTIVE:
Mr. Matt
formula: boland long ‫ﺑُﻠﻧد‬

noun + é + adjective

morgh-é zard
sheek chic ‫ﺷﯾﮏ‬
yellow chicken
ghorbatee shabby ‫ﻗُر َﺑﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺮغ زَرد‬
ِ ُ‫ﻣ‬
ketab-é khoob
good book tāreek dark ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺘﺎب ﺧﻮب‬
ِ ِ‫ﮐ‬ roshan light ‫رو َﺷن‬

new adjectives:

khoshmazé good tasting ‫ﺧوش َﻣزه‬ with nouns:

badmazé bad tasting ‫َﺑد َﻣزه‬

ghazā-yé khoshmazé
rāhat comfortable ‫راﺣت‬
َ good tasting food
nārāhat uncomfortable ‫ﻧﺎراﺣت‬ ‫َﺬای ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰه‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬

ghazā-yé badmazé
bad tasting food
kootāh short ‫ﮐوﺗﺎه‬
‫َﺬای ﺑَﺪ ﻣَﺰه‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
 sandalee-yé rāhat ‫ﺐ ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬
ِ َ‫ﺷ‬
comfortable chair
rooz-é roshan
 ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟ ِ را‬     
light day
sandalee-yé nārāhat ‫روز ِ روﺷَ ﻦ‬
uncomfortable chair
sandalee-yé sheek-é kootāh
‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟ ِ ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ‬
the short comfortable chair
kheeyāboon-é kootāh ‫ﺷﯿﮏ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺪﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬
َ
short street
kooh-é boland-é bozorg
‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬
ِ
the long big mountain
kheeyāboon-é boland ‫ ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه ِ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬
long street
khanoom-é portman-é zeebā
‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﻮن ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬
ِ
the beautiful Mrs. Portman
lebās-é sheek ‫ﻦ زﯾﺒﺎ‬
ِ َ‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻤ‬
chic clothing
‫ﻟﺒﺎس ﺷﯿﮏ‬
ِ
LINKING SEVERAL FUNCTIONS
lebās-é ghorbatee OF EZAFÉ:
shabby clothing
You can link several adjectives to a noun by using ezafé
‫ﻟﺒﺎس زِﺷﺖ‬
ِ
sandalee-yé sheek-é kootāh
shab-é tāreek
the short comfortable chair
dark night
 ‫ﺷﯿﮏ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺪﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬
َ sound. This will give you the Persian equivalent of what you
are trying to say. See the following examples:
kooh-é boland-é bozorg
the long big book English version: cold - dark - night
Opposite: night - dark - cold
‫ ﺑُﺰُرگ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه ِ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬
Persian equivalent: shab-é tareek-é sard
khanoom-é portman-é zeebā ‫ﺳﺮد‬
َ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬
ِ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ َ‫ﺷ‬
the beautiful Mrs. Portman
English version: my - funny - brother
‫ﻦ زﯾﺒﺎ‬
ِ َ‫ﺧﺎﻧ ُﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻤ‬
Opposite: brother - funny - my
barādar-é bāmazey-é man Persian equivalent: barādar-é bāmaze-yé man
my funny brother ‫ﺑَﺮادَر ِ ﺑﺎﻣَﺰِه ی ﻣَﻦ‬
‫ی ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺑَﺮادَر ِ ﺑﺎ ﻣَﺰِه‬

shab-é tāreek-é sard POSSESSIVE ENDINGS:

the cold dark night One way to talk about possessions is by using ʻpossessive
‫ﺳﺮد‬
َ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ‬
ِ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ َ‫ﺷ‬ endingsʼ with the following formula:

belonging + possessive ending

A GOOD TRICK FOR USING
-am ketāb-am my book
EZAFÉ:
Write the English version of the noun and adjective ‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬
combination youʼd like to communicate. Read the sentence
backwards in Persian, linking the words together with an ʻéʼ
-et ketāb-et your book (informal māl-é kee-yé?
Whoʼs is this?
‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ‬
ِ
-esh ketāb-esh his/her book

‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺶ‬ Note: If you are combining the possessive endings with the
concept of ezafé, the possessive ending goes at the end of the
phrase.

-emoonketāb- our book masheen-é koocheek-am

emoon my small car
(trick: think opposite, car - small - my)
‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﻤﻮن‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮑ َﻢ‬
ِ
-etoon ketāb-etoon your book (plural or māsheen-é koocheek-é geroon-am
formal) my expensive small car
‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺘﻮن‬
‫ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ ﮔِﺮوﻧ َﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
ِ
- ketābe- their book
eshoon shoon
TALKING ABOUT PROPERTY:
‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﺸﻮن‬
māl
property
‫ﻣﺎل‬
To talk about an item that belongs to someone, you use the māl-é kee-yé?
following formula: Whoʼs is this?
‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ‬
ِ
māl + é + owner
māl-é man-é
mal-é man mine ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ Itʼs mine
‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬
ِ
mal-é tō yours (informal) ‫ﻣﺎل ﺗﻮ‬
ِ
oon telephone māl-é man-é
mal-é oo his/hers/its ‫ﻣﺎل او‬
ِ That telephone is mine
‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﻨِﻪ‬
ِ ‫اون ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮن‬

oon telephone māl-é kee-yé?

mal-é mā ours ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣﺎ‬
ِ
Whoʼs telephone is that?
mal-é shomā yours (formal) ‫ﻣﺎل ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎل ﮐﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫اون ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮن‬
ِ

mal-é ānhā (oonā) theirs ‫ﻣﺎل اﻧﻬﺎ‬

ِ Leyla: een māsheen māl-é kee-yé? ‫ﮐﯾﮫ؟‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎل‬
ِ ‫اﯾن ﻣﺎﺷﯾن‬
Matt: een māsheen māl-é man-e. ‫ﻣﺎل َﻣﻧِﮫ‬
ِ ‫اﯾن ﻣﺎﺷﯾن‬
OR
Matt: māl-é man-e. ‫ﻣﺎل َﻣﻧِﮫ‬
ِ
mal-é matt Matt's ‫ﻣﺎل ﻣَﺖ‬
ِ

mal-é leyla Leyla's ‫ﻣﺎل ﻟﯿﻼ‬

ِ Mr. Smith: salām, man āghā-yé smith hastam. ‫ی‬
ِ ‫ َﻣن آﻗﺎ‬،‫َﺳﻼم‬
‫اِﺳﻣﯾت َھﺳ َﺗم‬
Mrs. Nouri: salām āghā-yé smith. man khānoom-é nouri
hastam. ‫ َﻣن ﺧﺎ ُﻧ ِم ﻧوری َھﺳ َﺗم‬.‫ی اِﺳﻣﯾت‬
ِ ‫َﺳﻼم آﻗﺎ‬
Mr. Smith: salām khanoom-é nouri. ‫َﺳﻼم ﺧﺎ ُﻧ ِم ﻧوری‬ Sara: Do you also have a car?
Mrs. Nouri: een dochark-é māl-é shomā-st? ‫ﻣﺎل‬
ِ ‫دوﭼرﺧِﮫ‬
َ ‫اﯾن‬ Joe: I also have a car, but my car is not working!
ُ
‫ﺷﻣﺎﺳت؟‬
Mr. Smith: na, māl-é pesaram-é ‫ﻣﺎل ِﭘ َﺳ َرﻣِﮫ‬
ِ ،‫َﻧﮫ‬
Mrs. Nouri: ché ghashang-é! ‫ِﭼﮫ َﻗ َﺷﻧﮕِﮫ‬ END OF LESSON 24
Mr. Smith: khayli mamnoon ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬
Mrs. Nouri: māsheen ham dāreen? ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯾن َھم دارﯾن؟‬
Mr. Smith: māsheen ham dāram. vali māsheen-am kharāb-
e. ‫راﺑﮫ‬
ِ ‫ َوﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﺷﯾ َﻧم َﺧ‬.‫دارم‬
َ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯾن َھم‬
Pronunciation Guide:
Mr. smith: Hello, I am Mr. Smith.
a short a like in hat
Sara: Hello Mr. Smith. I am Mrs. Nouri.
Joe: Hello Mrs. Nouri. ā long a like in not
Sara: Does this bike belong to you?
Joe: No, itʼs my sonʼs. é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Sara: Itʼs so nice!
Joe: Thank you. ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 (oo) kard He/she did ‫َﮐرد‬

(mā) kardeem We did ‫َﮐردﯾم‬

Lesson 25: Compound
(shomā) kardeen You (all) did ‫َﮐردﯾن‬
Verbs (oonā) kardan They did ‫َﮐردَ ن‬
Compound verbs consist of two verbs that form one idea. In
most compound verbs, the second verb is either kardan, to
do, or shodan, to become. Use the past stem of kardan or TO BECOME:
shodan to construct these compound verbs in the past tense.
shodan ----> shod
Kardan or shodan takes on the past form while the first word
to become ----> past stem of to become
in the coupound verb does not change.
        ‫ ﺷُ ﺪ‬             ‫ﺪن‬
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

TO DO: (man) shodam I became َ ُ‫ﺷ‬

‫ﺪم‬

kardan ----> kard

(tō) shodee You became ‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬
to do ----> past stem of to do (oo) shod He/she became ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬
      ‫ ﮐ َﺮد‬             ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

(man) kardam I did ‫َﮐردَ م‬

(mā) shodeem We became ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬
(tō) kardee You did ‫َﮐردی‬
(shomā) shodeen You (all) became ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬
(oonā) shodan They became َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
 āshpazee kardan
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND to cook
VERBS USING ‘KARDAN’: ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
In these examples, the verb kardan is conjugated, while the
first word of the compound verb stays the same.
TO WORK; TO DO WORK:
ākharé ha é cheekār kardee?
kār kardan ----> kār kard
What did you do over the weekend? (informal)
to work ----> past stem of to work
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬         ‫ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮد‬             ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
ākharé ha é cheekār kardeen?
(man) kār kardam I did work ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
What did you do over the weekend? (formal)
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬ (tō) kār kardee You did work ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬
(oo) kār kard He/she did work ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬
kār kardan
to do work
‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
(mā) kār kardeem We did work ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
telephon kardan
to make a phone call
(shomā) kār You (all) did ‫ﮐﺎر‬
kardeen work ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
(oonā) kār kardan They did work ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
bāzi kardan
to play
‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ TO MAKE A CALL:
 telephon kardan ----> telephon kard
to call ----> past stem of to call
        ‫ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬             ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬
TO COOK; TO DO COOKING:
āshpazee kardan ----> āshpazee kard
to cook ----> past stem of to cook
        ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬             ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮد‬

(man) telephon I made a call ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ (man) āshpazee I cooked ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬

kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
(tō) telephon kardee You made a call ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ (tō) āshpazee kardee You cook ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
(oo) telephon kard He/she made a ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬ (oo) āshpazee kard He/she ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮد‬
call cook

(mā) telephon We made a call ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ (mā) āshpazee We cook ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬

kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) telephon You (all) made a ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ (shomā) āshpazee You (all) ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬
kardeen call ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ kardeen cook ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
(oonā) telephon They made a ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬ (oonā) āshpazee They cook ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬
kardan call ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO PLAY:
 bāzi kardan ----> bāzi kard (tō) tamreen kardee You practiced ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
to play ----> past stem of to play
‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
        ‫ ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮد‬
(oo) tamreen kard He/she ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬
(man) bāzi kardam I played ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ practiced

(tō) bāzi kardee You played ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(mā) tamreen We practiced ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
(oo) bāzi kard He/she played  ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎزی‬ kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) tamreen You (all) ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
kardeen practiced ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
(mā) bāzi kardeem We played ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
(oonā) tamreen They practiced‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
(shomā) bāzi You (all) ‫ﺑﺎزی‬
kardeen played kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
(oonā) bāzi kardan They played ‫ﺑﺎزی ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO PRACTICE:
tamreen kardan ----> tamreen kard TO MAKE:
to practice ----> past stem of to practice
dorost kardan ----> dorost kard
        ‫ ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬ to make ----> past stem of to make
        ‫ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬
(man) tamreen I practiced ‫ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
 (man) dorost kardam I made ‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ (man) tamāshā I watched ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
(tō) dorost kardee You made ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬ (tō) tamāshā kardee You watched ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
(oo) dorost kard He/she ‫دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
made (oo) tamāshā kard He/she ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬
watched
(mā) dorost kardeem We made ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬ (mā) tamāshā We watched ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) dorost You (all) ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬
kardeen made ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬ (shomā) tamāshā You (all) ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
kardeen watched ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
(oonā) dorost kardan They made ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ (oonā) tamāshā They watched ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

TO WATCH:
tamāshā kardan ----> tamāshā kard
EXAMPLES:
to watch ----> past stem of to watch (man) sāndeveech dorost kardam
        ‫ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬           ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬ I made a sandwich
  ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪِوﯾﭻ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ َ ُ‫ ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬           ‫ ﺷُ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬
        ‫ﺪن‬

(man) feelm tamāsha kardam (man) khoshhāl I became happy ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮش‬

I watched a film shodam
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
‫ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
(tō) khoshhāl You became  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬
(man) piāno tamreen kardam shodee happy
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪی‬
I practiced piano
(oo) khoshhāl He/she became  ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﻮش‬
 ‫ﭘﯿﺎﻧﻮ ﺗ َﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
shod happy ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬
(man) emrooz kār kardam
I worked today
‫اِﻣﺮوز ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ (mā) khoshhāl We became  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬
shodeem happy ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬
(man) deerooz kār kardam
I worked yesterday (shomā) khoshhāl You (all)  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬
 ‫دﯾﺮوز ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ shodeen became happy ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) khoshhāl They became  ‫ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎل‬

COMPOUND VERBS USING shodan happy
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
‘SHODAN’:
TO BECOME HAPPY:
TO BECOME UNHAPPY:
khoshhāl shodan ----> khoshhāl shod
to become happy ----> past stem of to become happy nārāhat shodan ----> nārāhat shod
to become unhappy ----> past stem of to become unhappy
 َ ُ‫ﺣﺖ ﺷ‬
        ‫ﺪن‬ َ ‫ ﻧﺎرا‬           ‫ﺣﺖ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ khasté shodan ----> khasté shod
to become tired ----> past stem of to become tired
(man) narāhat I became unhappy ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ َ ُ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷ‬           ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
        ‫ﺪن‬
shodam
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
(man) khasté I became tired ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
(tō) narāhat You became ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ shodam
shodee unhappy َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪی‬
(oo) narāhat shod He/she became  ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬ (tō) khasté shodee You became ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
unhappy tired
‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬ َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪی‬
(oo) khasté shod He/she became ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
tired
(mā) narāhat We became ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬
shodeem unhappy ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬ (mā) khasté We became tired ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
shodeem ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬
(shomā) narāhat You (all) became ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬
shodeen unhappy ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬ (shomā) khasté You (all) became ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
shodeen tired ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬
(oonā) narāhat They became ‫ﺣﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎرا‬
shodan unhappy
(oonā) khasté They became ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ‬
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
shodan tired
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬

TO BECOME TIRED:
TO BECOME ANGRY:
 asabānee shodan ----> asabānee shod َ ُ‫ﺑﺎز ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
to become angry ----> past stem of to become angry
dar bāz shod
َ ُ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺷ‬
        ‫ﺪن‬ َ َ‫ﻋ‬           ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
the door opened
(man) asabānee I became angry ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫دَر ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪ‬
shodam
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
nordestrom bāz shod
(tō) asabānee You became ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ Nordstroms opened
shodee angry ‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬ ‫ﻧ ُﺮدِﺳﺘُﺮم ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪ‬

(oo) asabānee shod He/she became ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬

َ َ‫ﻋ‬ basté shodan
angry ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬ to become closed
َ ُ‫ﺑَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
(mā) asabānee We became ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
maghāzé basté shod
shodeem angry ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬
the store closed
(shomā) asabānee You (all) became ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣَﻐﺎزه ﺑَﺴﺘِﻪ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
shodeen angry ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬
hāzer shodan
(oonā) asabānee They became ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ to become ready
shodan angry
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬ َ ُ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬ ِ

ghazā hāzer shod

the food became ready
bāz shodan
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷُ ﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻏَﺬا‬
to become open
 fekr kardan
Leyla: matt, ākharé ha é cheekār kardee? ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
َ ‫ آﺧَﺮ‬،‫ﻣَﺖ‬
to think
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
ِ ‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
Matt: āshpazee kardam. ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬
Leyla: eh! chee dorost kardee? ‫ﭼ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬ chee fekr kardee?
What did you think?
Matt: ghormé sabzee dorost kardam. ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ ‫ﻗﻮرﻣﻪ‬
‫ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
Leyla: cheghadr āli! lādan chee fekr kard? ! ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﻋﺎﻟ‬
ِ
‫ﻻدَن ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﮐ َﺮد؟‬
Matt: lādan khayli khoshhāl shod. ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش‬
ِ ‫ﻻدَن‬
‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬

Leyla: Matt, what did you do over the weekend? END OF LESSON 25
Matt: I cooked.
Leyla: Oh! What did you make?
Matt: I made ʻghormeh zabzeeʼ
Leyla: How wonderful! What did Ladan think?
Matt: Ladan became very happy.

āshpazee kardan
to cook
‫آﺷﭙَﺰی ﮐ َﺮدن‬
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not

 ‫ﺗﻮی‬
ِ
(‫)ﺗﻮ‬

beerooné

Lesson 26: Prepositions outside

‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬
ِ
rooyé
(roo) jeloyé
on (jelō)
‫روی‬
ِ in front of

(‫)رو‬ ‫ﻠﻮی‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬ ِ

Pronunciation note: For preposition words that end with the poshté

sound -yé, the -yé sound is o en dropped in conversational behind

speech. So, the word rooyé, for example, is o en pronounced ‫ﺸﺖ‬

ِ ُ‫ﭘ‬
roo in casual speech. We will include the alternate
bālāyé
pronunciation in parantheses when appropriate.
(bālā)
zeeré above
under ‫ﺑﺎﻻی‬
ِ
ِ ‫زﯾﺮ‬
pāyeené
tooyé below
(too) ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
ِ
inside
 pahlooyé EXAMPLES:
(pahloo)
next to ketāb rooyé (roo) meezé
the book is on the table
‫ﻬﻠﻮی‬
ِ ِ‫ﭘ‬
ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﮐِﺘﺎب‬
kenāré
next to telephon zeeré meezé
the telephone is under the table
ِ ‫ﮐِﻨﺎر‬
ِ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ زﯾﺮ ِ ﻣﯿﺰ‬
dākhelé
inside telephon tooyé keefé
the telephone is in the purse
‫ﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ ‫دا‬
‫ﮐﯿﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻮی‬
ِ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ‬
tarafé chapé
to the le of telephon beerooné keefé
the telephone is outside the purse
‫ﭗ‬
ِ ‫ﭼ‬ ِ َ‫ﻃَﺮ‬
َ ‫ف‬
‫ﮐﯿﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬
ِ ‫ﺗِﻠﻔُﻦ‬
tarafé rāsté
to the right of sandalee jeloyé (jelo) meezé
the chair is in front of the table
‫ﺳﺖ‬
ِ ِ َ‫ﻃَﺮ‬
َ‫ف ر‬
ِ ‫)ﺟﻠﻮ( ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﻠﻮی‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬ِ ‫ﺪﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬
َ
rooberooyé
across from sandalee poshté meezé
the chair is behind the table
‫ﺮوی‬
ِ ِ ‫روﺑ‬
ِ ‫)ﺟﻠﻮ( ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﺸﺖ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺪﻟ ﭘ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬
َ
 computer rooyé meezé
ِ ُ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐِﻨﺎر ِ ﻣ‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬
the computer is on the table
dākhelé maghāzam
ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗِﺮ‬
Iʼm inside the stoor
telephonam rooyé meezé ‫ﻞ ﻣَﻐﺎزَم‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ ‫دا‬
my telephone is on the table
sārā tarafé rāsté maryamé
ِ ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬
Sara is to the right of Maryam
māsheen tooyé gārāgé ‫ﻢ‬
ِ َ ‫راﺳﺖ ﻣَﺮﯾ‬
ِ ِ َ‫ﺳﺎرا ﻃَﺮ‬
‫ف‬
the car is in the garage
david tarafé chapé johné
ِ ‫ﺗﻮی ﮔﺎراژ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
David is to the le of John
parandé bālāyé derakhté ‫ﺣﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﭗ‬
ِ ‫ﭼ‬ ِ َ‫داوﯾﺪﻃَﺮ‬
َ ‫ف‬
the bird is above the tree
EXERCISE:
‫ﺧﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑﺎﻻی دِر‬
ِ ‫ﭘِﺮَﻧﺪِه‬
Instructions: Pick a noun from the le column and use one of
sag pāyeené meezé
our new preposition words to place it in relation to a noun
the dog is below the table
from the right column. Weʼve learned many of the nouns
ِ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﮓ‬
َ before, but some are new, so weʼve included all the English

television pahlooyé moblé meanings in parentheses following the words.

the television is next to the couch NOUN #1 + PREPOSITION + NOUN #2 + -é

‫ﺒﻞ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﻬﻠﻮی ﻣ‬
ِ َ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻮزﯾﻮن ﭘ‬

telephon kenāré moblé

rooznāmé (newspaper) khooné (home)
the telephone is next to the couch
morgh (chicken) meez (purse)
kafsh (shoe) keef (purse)
gorbé (cat) māsheen (car)
END OF LESSON 26
sag (dog) gāree (cart)
ketāb (book) keef (purse)
aynak (glasses) mobl (couch)
goldoon (vase) sandalee (chair)

Sample sentences:
1. rooznamé too keefé.
2. gorbé kenāré moblé

3._________________________________________________________

Pronunciation Guide:
4._________________________________________________________

a
5._________________________________________________________ short a like in hat

6._________________________________________________________
ā long a like in not

7._________________________________________________________
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
8._________________________________________________________
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 (man) I know ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬
meedoonam

singular
(tō) meedooneeYou know ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬
(informal)
Lesson 27: Present (oo) meedooné He/she knows ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬
Continuous Tense
Unlike past stems, present stems in the Persian language are
irregular, and simply need to be memorized. Please note that (mā) We know ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬
as always, the formal and informal stems are different in the meedooneem
Persian language. We are learning the informal present stems
(shomā) You (all) know ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﯿﻦ‬

plural
in Chai and Conversation.
meedooneen (formal)

formula: (oonā) They know ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬

meedoonan
mee + present stem + personal suffix

TO KNOW: For the negative present simple tense verbs, simply add a né

Infinitive: doonestan ‫دوﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬ to the front of the word:

Present Stem: doon ‫دون‬ formula:

mee + doon + personal suffix né + mee + present stem + personal suffix

TO NOT KNOW:
 Infinitive: neshastan ‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘَﻦ‬
Infinitive: doonestan ‫دوﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬ Present Stem: sheen ‫ﺷﯿﻦ‬
Present Stem: doon ‫دون‬
mee + sheen + personal suffix
né + mee + doon + personal suffix

(man) I don't know ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

(man) I sit ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬
nemeedoonam
meesheenam
(tō) You don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ‬

singular
singular

(tō) meesheeneeYou sit ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬

nemeedoonee know
(informal)
(informal)
(oo) meesheené He/she sits ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬
(oo) He/she ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬
nemeedooné doesn't know

(mā) We sit ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

(mā) We don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬ meesheeneem
nemeedooneemknow
(shomā) You (all) sit ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

plural
(shomā) You (all) don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ‬
plural

meesheeneen (formal)
nemeedooneen know (formal)
(oonā) They sit ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬
(oonā) They don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬ meesheenan
nemeedoonan know

TO NOT SIT:
TO SIT:
Infinitive: neshastan
Present Stem: sheen Infinitive: ra an ‫رَﻓﺘَﻦ‬

né + mee + sheen + personal suffix Present Stem: r ‫ر‬

mee + r + personal suffix

(man) I don't sit ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬
nemeesheenam
(man) meeram I go ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
singular

(tō) You don't sit ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬

singular
nemeesheenee (informal) (tō) meeree You go (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺮی‬
(oo) He/she ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬
nemeesheené doesn't sit (oo) meeré He/she goes ‫ﻣﯿﺮِه‬

(mā) We don't sit ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬ (mā) meereem We go ‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬

nemeesheeneem

(shomā) You (all) ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬

plural
(shomā) You (all) go ‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬
plural

nemeesheeneen don't sit meereen (formal)

(formal)
(oonā) meeran They go ‫ﻣﯿﺮَن‬
(oonā) They don't ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬
nemeesheenan sit
TO NOT GO:
TO GO:
né + mee + r + personal suffix
 (man) I don't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮَم‬ TO DO:
nemeeram

singular (tō) nemeeree You don't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮِی‬ Infinitive: kardan

(informal) Present Stem: kon
(oo) nemeeré He/she doesn't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮه‬
ِ mee + kon + personal suffix

(mā) We don't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬ (man) I do ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

nemeereem
meekonam
(shomā) You (all) don't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬

singular
plural

(tō) meekonee You do ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬

nemeereen (formal)
(informal)
(oonā) They don't go ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮَن‬ (oo) meekoné He/she does ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
nemeeran

COMPOUND PRESENT VERBS: (mā) We do ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

meekoneem

You can use the present stem of kardan to construct (shomā) You (all) do ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
plural meekoneen (formal)
compound verbs in the present tense as well. Kardan takes on
the present stem form, while the first word in the compound (oonā) They do ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
verb does not change. meekonan
TO WORK: Leyla: ākharé ha é cheekār meekonee? ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
Infinitive: kār kardan Matt: kār meekonam. ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬
Present Stem: kār kon
Leyla: What are you doing over the weekend?
kār + mee + kon + personal suffix
Matt: I am working
(man) kār I work  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
meekonam ākharé ha é cheekār kardee?
What did you do over the weekend?
singular

(tō) kār You work ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬

meekonee (informal) ‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

(oo) kār He/she works  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ cheekār meekonee?

meekoné What are you doing? (informal)
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
ِ
(mā) kār We work  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ kār meekonam
meekoneem
I am working.
(shomā) kār You (all) work  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
plural

meekoneen (formal)
ākharé ha é cheekār meekonee?
(oonā) kār They work  ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
What are you doing over the weekend?
meekonan
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬
TO SWIM: TO WATCH:
Infinitive: shenā kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ
Present Stem: shenā kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ Infinitive: tamāshā kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
Present Stem: tamāshā kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
shenā + mee + kon + personal suffix
tamāshā + mee + kon + personal suffix
(man) shenā I swim ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ
meekonam ‫َﺗﻣﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
(tō) shenā You swim ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ (man) tamāshā I watch ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
singular

meekonee (informal) meekonam ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬
(oo) shenā He/she swims ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ (tō) tamāshā You watch ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬

singular
meekoné meekonee (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
(oo) tamāshā He/she ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
meekoné watches ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
(mā) shenā We swim ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ
meekoneem ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
(shomā) shenā You (all) swim  ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ (mā) tamāshā We watch ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
plural

meekoneen (formal) meekoneem ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
(oonā) shenā They swim  ‫ﺷﻨﺎ‬
ِ (shomā) You (all)  ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬
meekonan tamāshā watch ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
plural

meekoneen (formal)
 (oonā) tamāshā They watch ‫ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ‬ shām meekhoram
meekonan I eat dinner
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
I am eating dinner

Note: The present tense in colloquial Persian can mean one of I will eat dinner

three things: ‫ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

1) present simple
2) future simple EVERY:
3) present continuous
In order to convey the concept of ʻeveryʼ with time, simply

You need to use conversation context clues to figure out add -hā to a quantity of time.

which the speaker is referring to. See below for examples.

-hā

television tamāshā meekonam every

I watch television -‫ﻫﺎ‬

I am watching television
sobh-hā
I will watch television
every morning
‫ﺗِﻠِﻮزﯾﻮن ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ
sobhāné meekhoram
rooz-hā
I eat lunch
every day
I am eating lunch
I will eat lunch
‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫روز‬
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬
ُ shab-hā
every night
 ‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬ ‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣَﺪ ﻣِﻦ ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

yek shanbé-hā doshanbé shab-hā footbāll tamāshā meekonam

every Sunday On Monday nights, I watch football
‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺷَ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل ﺗ َﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

sobh-hā sobhāné meekhoram

Every morning, I eat breakfast END OF LESSON 27
In the mornings, I eat breakfast.
‫ﺻﺒﺤﻬﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺎ‬-‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ

rooz-hā nāhār meekhhoram

Every day, I eat lunch Pronunciation Guide:
In the days, I eat lunch
‫ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬-‫روز‬ a short a like in hat

shab-hā shām meekohram ā long a like in not

Every night, I eat dinner
In the evenings, I eat dinner é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

‫ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬-‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
yek shanbé-hā mad men tamāshā meekonam
On Sundays, I watch Mad Men
 har ha é bé kelāssé yogā meeram
I go to yoga class every week
‫ﻼﺳﻪ ﯾﻮﮔﺎ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﺑِﻪ ﮐ‬
َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ

Lesson 28: Habitual har māh bé khooneyé mādar zanam meeram

I go to my mother in laws house every day
Actions ‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺑِﻪ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﯾِﻪ ﻣﺎدَر زَﻧ َﻢ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ

har sāl bé hāwaii meeram

EVERY: I go to Hawaii every year
har ‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل ﺑِﻪ ﻫﺎواﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ
every
‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ
EACH:
har rooz every day ‫ﻫﺮ روز‬
َ The suffix -ee means each, a, or per.

har ha é every week ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬

َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ
roozee each day ‫روزی‬
ha é-ee each week ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ای‬
َ
har māh every month ‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه‬
َ
māh-ee each month ‫ﻣﺎﻫ‬
har sāl every year ‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل‬
َ
sāl-ee each year ‫ﺳﺎﻟ‬
har rooz bé kār meeram
rooz-ee yek bār
I go to work every day
once a day
‫ﻫﺮ روز ﺑِﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ
 ‫روزی ﯾَﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ har dō rooz yek bār bé estakhr meeram
I go to the pool once every two days
har dō rooz yek bār
‫ﻫﺮ دو روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ
once every two days
‫ﻫﺮ روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬
َ ha é-ee yek bār bé kelāssé yogā meeram
once a week I go to yoga class
har sé rooz yek bār
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﮐِﻼﺳﻪ ﯾﻮﮔﺎ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ
once every three days
 ‫ﺳﻪ روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ har dō ha é yek bār bé khooneyé doostam meeram
Every other week, I go to my friendʼs house.
ha é-ee yek bar
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﺧﻮﻧﻬﯿﻪ دوﺳﺘَﻢ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬
َ
once a week
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬
َ māh-ee yek bār bé dāllās meeram
once a month I go to Dallas
har dō ha é yek bar
‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
once every two weeks
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬
َ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬
َ har chāhār māh yek bār bé dāllās meeram
I go to Dallas once every four months
māh-ee yek bar
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﺎه ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
َ
once a month
‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر‬ sāl-ee yek bār bé hāwaii meeram
I go to Hawaii once a year
rooz-ee yek bār bé estakhr meeram
‫ﺳﺎﻟ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ ﻫﺎواﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬
once a day I go to the pool
 ‫روزی ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ har rooz āshpazee meekonam
I cook every day
 ‫ﻫﺮ روز آﺷﭙَﺮی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
َ
har dō sé ha é yek bār bé dāllās meeram
ha eyee yek bār āshpazee meekonam I go to Dallas once every two or three weeks
I cook once a week ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم؟‬
َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬
َ
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ای ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
َ

har dō rooz yek bār āshpazee meekonam END OF LESSON 28

I cook every other day
‫ﻫﺮ دو روز ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
َ

har chand vakht yek bār āshpazee meekonee?

How o en do you cook? Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﭼﻨﺪ وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر آﺷﭙَﺰی ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ
a short a like in hat
har chand vakht yek bār bé dāllās meeree?
How o en do you go to Dallas? ā long a like in not
‫ﭼﻨﺪ وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬
َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Matt: har chand vakht yek bār bé dāllās meeree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬

َ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
‫وَﻗﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬
Leyla: har dō sé ha é yek bār bé dāllās meeram. ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺮ دو‬
َ
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺑِﻪ داﻻس ﻣﯿﺮَم؟‬
َ
 dāram meekhoram
I am eating
‫دارَم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

Lesson 29: More Present So although it isnʼt necessary, adding the appropriate
conjugation of dāshtan to the present tense verb will let the
Continuous and listener know that you are without a doubt in the middle of an

Imperatives (!) action.

formula:

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: dār + personal ending + mee + present stem + personal

Adding the present tense of dāshtan to a present continuous ending
verb emphasizes the fact that you are in the middle of doing
something.

As noted before, the present tense in colloquial Persian can TO HAVE:

mean one of three things: 1) present simple, 2) future simple,
Infinitive: dāshtan ‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬
3) present continuous. So for instance, for the verb
meekhoram means I eat in the present simple tense. However, Present stem: dār ‫دار‬
it could also be taken to mean ʻI will eatʼ (future simple) or ʻI
am eatingʼ (present continuous).
dāram I have ‫دارَم‬
Now, in order to emphasize that you are in the middle of
singular

doing something, there is a word that you can add to dāree You have (informal) ‫داری‬
meekhoram, and that is the word dārām, or I have.
dāré He/she has ‫دارِه‬
 meeyābn They come ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬
dāreem We have ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
plural
dāreen You have (formal) ‫دارﯾﻦ‬
Pronunciation Note: Because the present stem is a vowel,
dāran They have ‫دارَن‬ adjustments are made to the conjuncations to make the
words flow better.

TO COME: TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF

COMING:
Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬
Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬
Present Stem: ā ‫آ‬
Present Stem: ā ‫آ‬

dāram I am coming ‫دارَم‬

meeyām I come ‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬ meeyām ‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬
singular

meeyāy You come (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎی‬

singular
dāree You are coming ‫داری‬
meeyād He/she comes ‫ﻣﯿﺎد‬ meeyāy (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎی‬
dāré He/she is coming ‫دارَه ﻣﯿﺎد‬
meeyāym We come ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬ meeyād

‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬
plural

meeyāyn You come (formal)

 dāreem We are coming ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
meeyāym ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬ dāreem We are eating ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
meekhoreem ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
dāreen You are coming ‫دارﯾﻦ‬
plural

meeyāyn (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬ dāreen You are eating ‫دارﯾﻦ‬

plural
meekhoreen ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
dāran They are coming ‫دارَن‬
meeyān ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ dāran They are eating ‫دارَن‬
meekhoran ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬

TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF
EATING: TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF
Infinitive: khordan ‫ﺧﻮردَن‬ SITTING:
Infinitive: neshastan ‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘَﻦ‬
Present Stem: khor ‫ﺧﻮر‬

Present Stem: sheen ‫ﺷﯿﻦ‬

dāram I am eating ‫دارَم‬

meekhoram ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬ dāram I am sitting ‫دارَم‬
meesheenam ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻢ‬
dāree You are eating ‫داری‬
singular

meekhoree (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬ dāree You are  ‫داری‬

singular

meesheenee sitting ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨ‬

dāré He/she is eating  ‫دارَه‬
meekhoré ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬
 dāré meesheené He/she is ‫دارَه‬ lotfan besheen
sitting please sit (informal)
‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨِﻪ‬
‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬

lotfan besheeneen
dāreem We are ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
meesheeneem sitting please sit (formal)
‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
dāreen You are ‫دارﯾﻦ‬
plural

meesheeneen sitting befarmā besheen

‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
please, go ahead, sit (informal)
dāran They are ‫دارَن‬ ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬
meesheenan sitting ‫ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻨَﻦ‬
befarmāyeen besheeneen
please, go ahead, sit (formal)
IMPERATIVE: ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
formula:
Note: To make the imperative statement negative, simply add
bé + present stem + personal ending a na to the beginning of the statement.

besheen formula:
sit (informal)
na + present stem + personal ending
‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬
nasheen
besheeneen donʼt sit (informal)
sit (formal)
‫ﻧ َﺸﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
 nasheeneen ‫ﺑِﺬار ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
donʼt sit (formal)
bezāreen pāyeen
‫ﻧ َﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
put (it) down (formal)
lotfan oonjā nasheeneen ‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
please donʼt sit there (formal)
ketāb-ō bezār pāyeen
‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
put the book down (informal)
gozāshtan ‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬار ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
to put
ketāb-ō bezār roo meez
‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬
put the book on the table
bezār ‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬار رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬
put (informal)
lotfan ketāb-ō bezāreen roo meez
‫ﺑِﺬار‬
please put the book on the table (formal)
bezāreen ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬
put (formal)
lotfan ketāb-ō bezāreen pāyeen
‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ‬
please put the book down (formal)
bezār roo meez ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﮐِﺘﺎﺑﻮ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
put (it) on the table
‫ﺑِﺬار رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬
END OF LESSON 29
bezār pāyeen
put (it) down (informal)
 é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Pronunciation Guide:
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

 (man) khordam I ate  ‫ﺧﻮردَم‬

singular
(tō) khordee You ate  ‫ﺧﻮردی‬
(informal)
Lesson 30: Review of Unit (oo) khord He/she ate  ‫ﺧﻮرد‬
3
Note: In this special review lesson, we will go through all the
verb tenses learned in Unit 3. Weʼll begin by using one very (mā) khordeem We ate ‫ﺧﻮردﯾﻢ‬
special verb, khordan.
(shomā) You ate (formal)  ‫ﺧﻮردﯾﻦ‬

plural
khordan khordeen
to eat
(oonā) khordan They ate  ‫ﺧﻮردَن‬
‫ﺧﻮردَن‬

PAST TENSE: NEGATIVE:

Note: Persian verbs in the infinitive verb have an -an ending. To make a verb negative, simply add the prefix na-
In order to get the past stem of the verb, you simply remove
formula: na + verb
the -an. This also generally gives you the third person past
tense of the verb. nakhordan
to not eat
khordan ----> khord
to eat ----> past stem of to eat
‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَن‬
        ‫ ﺧﻮردن‬    ‫ﺧﻮرد‬ Again, take off the -an to arrive at the past stem of the verb.
 deerooz nāhār nakhordam
TO NOT EAT: I did not eat lunch yesterday
 ‫دﯾﺮوز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬
nakhordan ----> nakhord
to not eat ----> past stem of to not eat emrooz nāhār khordam
        ‫ ﻧ َﺨﻮردن‬    ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرد‬ I ate lunch today
‫اﻣﺮوز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮردَم‬
(man) I didn't eat  ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬
nakhordam

PRESENT TENSE:
singular

(tō) You didn't eat  ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردی‬

nakhordee (informal) The present stem of Persian verbs is generally irregular, and
(oo) nakhord He/she doesn't  ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرد‬ simply need to be memorized.
eat
formula: mee + present stem + personal ending

Stem: khor
(mā) We don't eat ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردﯾﻢ‬
nakhordeem

(shomā) You don't eat  ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردﯾﻦ‬

plural

(man) I eat  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

nakhordeen (formal)
meekhordam
(oonā) They don't eat  ‫ﻧ َﺨﻮردَن‬ singular
(tō) meekhordee You eat  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬
nakhordan
(informal)

(oo) meekhordé He/she eats  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬

 singu
(mā) We eat ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬ (tō) dāree You are eating  ‫داری‬
meekhordeem meekhoree (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮری‬
plural (shomā) You eat  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
meekhordeen (formal) (oo) dāré He/she is  ‫دارِه‬
meekhoré eating ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرِه‬
(oonā) They eat  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬
meekhordan

(mā) dāreem We are eating ‫دارﯾﻢ‬

PRESENT CONTINOUS: meekhoreem ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
As previously noted, the present stem of Persian verbs is
generally irregular, and simply need to be memorized. (shomā) dāreen You are eating ‫دارﯾﻦ‬

plural
meekhoreen (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
formula:
(oonā) dāran They are   ‫دارَن‬
dar + personal ending PLUS mee + present stem + personal meekhoran eating ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬
ending

Stem: khor dāree cheekār meekonee?

What are you doing? (informal)
(man) dāram I am eating  ‫دارَم‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ ؟‬
ِ ‫داری‬
meekhoram ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬
dāram kār meekonam
I am working
‫دارَم ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
 dāram nāhār meekhoram ‫ﺑُﺨﻮر‬
I am eating lunch
bokhoreen!
‫دارَم ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬
Eat! (formal)
dāram shām meekhoram ‫ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
I am eating dinner
lotfan bokhor!
‫دارَم ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬
Please eat! (informal)
dāreem sobhāné meekhoreem ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑُﺨﻮر‬
We are eating breakfast
lotfan bokhoreen!
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
ُ ‫دارﯾﻢ‬
Please eat! (formal)
dāran shām meekhoran ‫ﻟُﺘﻔﺎ ً ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
They are eating dinner
To make the imperative negative,:
‫دارَن ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَن‬
formula: na + personal stem

IMPERATIVE: nakhor!
formula: bé + personal stem Donʼt eat! (informal)
‫ﻧ َﺨﻮر‬
Pronunciation note: Although this is this formula, the
imperative form of ʻto eatʼ is an exception. It begins with bo nakhoreen!
instead of bé. Donʼt eat! (formal)
‫ﻧ َﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬
bokhor!
Eat! (informal)
 befarmāyeen bokhoreen! (oo) sohbat He/she spoke  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬
ُ
Please eat! (formal) kard ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬
‫ﺑِﻔﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻦ‬

befarmā bokhor!
Please eat! (informal) (mā) sohbat We spoke ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
‫ﺑِﻔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑُﺨﻮر‬

(shomā) sohbat You spoke ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ

COMPOUND VERBS:

plural
kardeen (formal) ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
Now, letʼs continue the exercise using the compound verb
sohbat kardan. (oonā) sohbat They spoke ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
sohbat kardan ----> sohbat kard
to speak ----> past stem of to speak
        ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
ُ     َ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬
ُ bobak sohbat kard
Bobak spoke
(man) sohbat We spoke ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬
ُ ‫ﺑﺎﺑَﮏ‬
kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
een ha é, clinton sohbat kard
This week, Clinton spoke
(tō) sohbat You spoke  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
kardee (informal) ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮد‬
ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﺘُﻦ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
singular

man o tō sohbat kardeem

You and I spoke
 ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻣَﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬ bā māmānam sohbat meekonam
I am speaking with my mother
Stem: sohbat kon
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬
(man) sohbat I speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekonam ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Stem: sohbat kard

(tō) sohbat You speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ ‫دارَم‬

singular

(man) dāram I am
meekonee (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ sohbat speaking ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekonam
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
(oo) sohbat He/she ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekoné speaks ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬ (tō) dāree You are ‫داری‬

singular
sohbat speaking ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekonee (informal)
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬
(mā) sohbat We speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekoneem ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬ (oo) dāré sohbat He/she is ‫دارِه‬
meekoné speaking ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
(shomā) sohbat You speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
plural

meekoneen (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬

(oonā) sohbat They speak  ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ

meekonan ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
 (mā) dāreem We are ‫دارﯾﻢ‬ sohbat bokoneem!
sohbat speaking Letʼs talk!
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekoneem ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
ُ
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
sohbat bokonam?
(shomā) dāreen You are ‫دارﯾﻦ‬ Shall I speak?
sohbat speaking ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
plural

‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻢ؟‬
ُ
meekoneen (formal)
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
sohbat bokonan

(oonā) dāran They are ‫دارَن‬ Let them speak

sohbat speaking ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑُﻨَﻦ‬
ُ
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
meekonan
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻦ‬ bokhoreem?
Shall we eat?

dāram bā māmānam sohbat meekonam ‫ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻢ؟‬

I am speaking with my mother
har rooz nāhār meekohram
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫دارَم ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬
I eat lunch every day

sohbat bokon! ‫ﻫﺮ روز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺨﻮرَم‬

َ
Speak! (informal)
roozi sé bār bā māmānam sohbat meekonam
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻦ‬
ُ
I talk to my mom three times a day

sohbat bokoneen! ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬

ُ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻧ َﻢ‬
ِ ‫روزی‬
Speak! (formal)
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
ُ
END OF LESSON 30
 ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Pronunciation Guide:
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
a short a like in hat
 Matt: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
Leyla: khob, khayli khoob-é. deegé ché kār kardee? ، ‫ﺧﻮب‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی؟‬
ِ ‫ دﯾﮕِﻪ‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
ِ
Matt: bā lādan ra am espāniyā. oonjā khayli fāmeel dāré.
Lesson 31: A Dialogue ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻞ دارِه‬ ِ ‫ اوﻧﺠﺎ‬. ‫ اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻻدَن رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬
between Matt and Leyla Leyla: wow, khosh bé hālet! kojāyé espāniyā? ‫ ﺧﻮش‬، ‫اوه‬
‫ ﮐ ُﺠﺎی اِﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎ؟‬، ‫ﺑِﻪ ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬
Leyla: matt, alān sé māh-é ké tō rō nadeedam. ‫ اَﻻن‬، ‫ﻣَﺖ‬
Matt: aval ra eem bārcelonā, va baʼad ra eem mādrid. ‫اَوَل‬
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫِﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮ رو ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬
ِ
‫ و ﺑ َ ﺪ رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﻣﺎدرﯾﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺎرﺳﻠﻮﻧﺎ‬
ِ ‫رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ‬
Matt: āré, khayli mashghool boodam! ‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ ، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
Leyla: khosh gozasht? ‫ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ؟‬
‫ﺑﻮدَم‬
Matt: khayli khosh gozasht! tō chetor? ra ee dāllās? ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
Leyla: jedi? dar een sé mah, ché kār kardee? ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪی ؟ دَر‬
ِ ُ
ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﺧﻮش ﮔﺬَﺷﺖ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟ رَﻓﺘ داﻻس؟‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬
ِ ، ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎه‬
ِ Leyla: āré, man ra am dāllās, va khānevādam o deedam.
Matt: khob, aval, barāyé dāneshgah tagāzā kardam. ‫ﺧﻮب‬
bā ham kolee kayf kardeem. ‫و‬  ‫ داﻻس‬ ‫ ﻣَﻦ رَﻓﺘَﻢ‬، ‫آرِه‬
ِ َ ‫ ﺑ‬،‫ اَوَل‬،
‫ﺮای داﻧِﺸﮕﺎه ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ ﺑِﺎ‬. ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادَﻣﻮ دﯾ‬
Leyla: barāyé ché reshteyee? ‫ای؟‬ ‫ﭼﻪ رِﺷﺘِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺮای‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
Matt: barāyé pezeshgee! ‫ﺮای ﭘِﺰِﺷﮑ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
Leyla: ghabool shodee? ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷُ ﺪی؟‬
Leyla: Matt, now, itʼs been three months since Iʼve seen
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
Matt: ghabool shodam. ‫ﺪم‬ ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬
you.
Leyla: jedi? cheghadr ālee! mobarak bāshé! ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬
ِ ،‫ﺟﺪی‬
ِ Matt: Yes, Iʼve been very busy!
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫ ﻣُﺒﺎرک‬، ‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬ Leyla: Really? In these three months, what have you been
up to? Iʼve been busy
Matt: Well, first, I applied for university. ‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮدَم‬
Leyla: For what subject?
Matt: For medical school. alʼān

Leyla: Were you accepted? (right) now

Matt: I was accepted. ‫اﻻن‬

Leyla: Really? How wonderful! Congratulations!
nadeedam
Matt: Thank you very much.
I havenʼt seen
Leyla: Well, thaʼts great. What else did you do?
I didnʼt see
Matt: I went to Spain with Ladan. She has a lot of family
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬
there.
Leyla: Wow, lucky you! Where in Spain?
Matt: First, we went to Barcelona, and then we went to
TO NOT SEE:
Madrid.
Leyla: Did you have a good time? nadeedan ----> nadeed
Matt: We had a very good time! What about you? Did you to not see ----> past stem of to not see
go to Dallas?         ‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫ ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬    ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪ‬
Leyla: Yes, I went to Dallas, and I saw my family. We had a
very good time together. (man) I havenʼt seen ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬
nadeedam
singular
(tō) nadeedee You havenʼt ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪی‬
seen
mashghool boodam
I was busy (oo) nadeed He/she hasnʼt ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪ‬
seen
 (oo) taghāzā He/she  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
kard applied ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬
(mā) We havenʼt   
nadeedeem seen َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬

(shomā) You (all) havenʼt   (mā) taghāzā We applied   ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

plural

nadeedeen seen ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻦ‬ kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬

(oonā) They havenʼt   ‫ﺪن‬

َ ‫ﻧ َﺪﯾ‬ (shomā) You (all)   ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

plural
nadeedan seen taghāzā kardeenapplied ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) taghāzā They applied  ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

TO APPLY: kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
taghāzā kardan ----> taghāzā kard
to apply ----> past stem of to apply
barāyé
        ‫ ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬    َ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮد‬
for
(man) taghāzā I applied   ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﺮای‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ barāyé man
for me
(tō) taghāzā You applied   ‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
kardee (informal) ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬
singular

barāyé tō
for you (informal)
 ‫ﺮای ﺗﻮ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬ TO BECOME ACCEPTED:
barāyé ché reshteyee? ghabool shodan ----> ghabool shod

For what degree? to become accepted ----> past stem of to become accepted

‫ﭼﻪ رِﺷﺘِﻪ ای‬ َ ُ‫ ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷ‬    ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷُ ﺪ‬

        ‫ﺪن‬
ِ ‫ﺮای‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬

barāyé pezeshkee (man) ghabool I was accepted  ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬

shodam
for medicine (med school) َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
‫ﺮای ﭘِﺰِﺷﮑ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
(tō) ghabool You were   ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬

singular
ghabool shodam shodee accepted ‫ﺷُ ﺪی‬
I was accepted (informal)
َ ُ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬
(oo) ghabool He/she was   ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬
jedi shod accepted ‫ﺷُ ﺪ‬
really
‫ﺟﺪّی‬
ِ
(mā) ghabool We were  ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬
man mashghool boodam
shodeem accepted ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻢ‬
Iʼve been busy
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﺸﻐُﻮل ﺑﻮدَم‬
(shomā) You (all)   ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬
taghāzā kardam ghabool accepted ‫ﺷُ ﺪﯾﻦ‬
shodeen
plural

I applied
‫ﺗ َﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
(oonā) They accepted  ‫ﻗَﺒﻮل‬ baʼad, baʼadesh
ghabool a er, a erwards
َ ُ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺪن‬
shodan ‫ ﺑ َ ﺪِش‬، ‫ﺑ َ ﺪ‬

mobārak bāshé! khayli khosh gozasht

Congratulations! I had a very good time (a great time was had)

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﮔُﺬَﺷﺖ‬
ِ
ِ
kolee kayf kardeem
deegé
we had lots of fun
other, else
‫ﮐ ُﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
‫دﯾﮕِﻪ‬
cheghadr khoob
deegé chee?
how great
What else?
‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﺧﻮب‬
ِ
‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ‬

deegé chee kār kardee?

What else did you do? (informal)
END OF LESSON 31
‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدی‬

khosh bé hālet!
Lucky for you! (informal)
‫ﺧﻮش ﺑِﻪ ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ā long a like in not ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 Leyla: zood meeyām! fardā chetoré? ‫ ﻓﺮدا‬، ‫زود ﻣﯿﺎم‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮره؟‬
ِ
Khālé farnaz: fardā khoobé! meeyāy barāyé nāhār? ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬
‫ﺮای ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬
ِ َ ‫ ﻣﯿﺎی ﺑ‬. ‫ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
Lesson 32: A Dialogue
between Leyla and Aunt Leyla: na, na, zahmat nakesheed. ‫ﻧ َﮑِﺸﯿﺪ‬
‫ زَﺣﻤَﺖ‬. ‫ ﻧ َﻪ‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
Khālé farnaz: zahmatee neest! pizza meegeereem! ‫زَﺣﻤَﺘ‬
Farnaz
‫ ﭘﯿﺘﺰا ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬،‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
Leyla: alō, khālé farnaz? ‫؟‬ ‫ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ ﻓَﺮﻧﺎز‬، ‫اَﻟﻮ‬ Leyla: khob, bāshé! ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻮب‬
‫ﺳﻼم ﻟِﯿﻼﺟﺎن‬ Khālé farnaz: doost dāree bereem cinemā? ‫داری‬ ‫دوﺳﺖ‬
Khālé farnaz: balé, salām leylā jān! َ ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
Leyla: salām! ‫ﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬
َ
Khālé farnaz: khoobee azizam? ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬ Leyla: balé, doost dāram! ché feelmee? ‫ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
Leyla: balé, khayli mamnoon. shomā khoob hasteen? ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬
ِ ،
Khālé farnaz: feelmé ʻbeenavāyān. bé eengeleesee meeshé
‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﺧﻮب ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ؟‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
ِ
ʻLes Miserablesʼ ‫ﻣﯿﺸﻪ ؛‬
ِ ‫ ﺑِﻪ اِﻧﮕِﻠﯿﺴ‬. ‫ﻢ ﺑﯿﻨَﻮاﯾﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﻓﯿﻠ‬
Khālé farnaz: khoobam! shaneedam meeyāy dāllās! !‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
Leyla: (laughs) fekr meekonam ʻLes Miserablesʼ
‫ﺪم ﻣﯿﺎی داﻻس‬
َ ‫ﺷَ ﻨﯿ‬
farāncaveeyé! ‫ﺮاﻧﺴﻮﯾِﻪ‬
َ َ‫ﻓ‬  ‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
Leyla: balé, dorosté! emshab meeresam.  ‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ‬، ‫دُرُﺳﺘﻪ‬
Khālé farnaz: āré, rāst meegee. khob, sāʼaté chand
‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬ meeyāy? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫ راﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﮕ‬، ‫آرِه‬
Khālé farnaz: āliyé! pass kay meeyāy khoonéyé mā? ، ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﯽ؟‬
‫ﭘَﺲ ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺎی ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ی ﻣﺎ؟‬
Leyla: sāaté davāzdah khoobé? ‫؟‬ ‫ﺖ دَوازدَه ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
Khālé farnaz: khayli khoobé. baʼad az nāhār meereem Leyla: Well, ok!
cinemā. ‫ ﺑ َ ﺪ اَز ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬
ِ . Aunt Farnaz: Would you like to go to the cinema?

Leyla: pirouz ham meeyād? ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺎد‬ Leyla: I would like to! What movie?
َ ‫ﭘﯿﺮوز‬
Aunt Farnaz: The movie ʻbeenavayānʼ. In English, itʼs “Les
Khālé farnaz: nemeedonam. ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬
Miserables.”
Leyla: khob, pass tā fardā. ‫ﺧﻮب ﭘَﺲ ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا‬
Leyla: I think ʻLes Miserablesʼ is French!
Khālé farnaz: tā fardā azizam. khodāhāfez. . ‫ﺗﺎ ﻓَﺮدا ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬ Aunt Farnaz: Yes, youʼre right. Well, what time will you
‫ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ‬ come?
Leyla: Is twelve good?
Leyla: khodāhāfez khālé farnaz! ‫ﻓَﺮﻧﺎز‬ ‫ﺧُﺪا ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬
Aunt Farnaz: Itʼs great. A er lunch, weʼll go to the cinema.
Leyla: Will Pirouz come also?
Aunt Farnaz: I donʼt know. Weʼll see.
Leyla: Ok, until tomorrow.
Leyla: Hello, Aunt Farnaz?
Aunt Farnaz: Until tomorrow. Goodbye.
Aunt Farnaz: Yes, hello dear Leyla!
Leyla: Goodbye Aunt Farnaz!
Leyla: Hello!
Aunt Farnaz: Are you well, dear?
alō?
Leyla: Yes, thanks so much. Are you well?
hello? (greeting on phone)
Aunt Farnaz: Iʼm well! I heard youʼre coming to Dallas!
‫اَﻟﻮ‬
Leyla: Yes, itʼs true! I arrive tonight.
Aunt Farnaz: Great! So when will you come to our house? shaneedam
Leyla: Iʼll come soon! Howʼs tomorrow? Iʼve heard
Aunt Farnaz: Tomorrow is great! Will you come for lunch? ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﺷَ ﻨﯿ‬
Leyla: No no, donʼt go through trouble.
Aunt Farnaz: Itʼs no trouble. Weʼll get pizza!
 dorosté (oo) meeyād He/she comes ‫ﻣﯿﺎد‬
thatʼs right
‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ‬

meeresam
Iʼll arrive (mā) meeyāym We come ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬
(shomā) You come (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬

plural
zood
meeyāyn
soon
(oonā) meeyān They come ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬
‫زود‬

TO COME:
meeresam
Iʼll arrive
Infinitive: āmadan ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬
‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮ‬
Present Stem: ā
zood
soon
(man) meeyām I come ‫ﻣﯿﺎم‬ ‫زود‬

(tõ) meeyāy You come ‫ﻣﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

(informal) TO GET:
singular
Infinitive: gere an ‫ﮔِﺮِﻓﺘَﻦ‬
zahmat nakesheen
Present Stem: geer donʼt go through the trouble
‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺸﯿﻦ‬

zahmatee neest
(man) I get  ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَم‬  Itʼs no trouble
meegeeram
‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
(tõ) meegeeree You get ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮی‬ Cultural note: This is a perfect example of the concept of tārof,
(informal)
singular

the ritual of etiquette in Iranian culture. In this case, even if

(oo) meegeeré He/she gets  ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮه‬ you are keen to take someone up on the offer of dinner, you
politely decline. Then, they either offer again or give another
suggestion.

khob bāshé
well, ok
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ،‫ﺧﻮب‬
(mā) We get  
meegeereem ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬ bereem
letʼs go
plural

(shomā) You (all) get ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬

meegeereen (formal)
ché feelmee?
(oonā) They get  ‫ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮَن‬
which film?
meegeeran
 ‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬
ِ (oo) meeré He/she goes  ‫ﻣﯿﺮِه‬

fekr meekonam
I think
(mā) We go   ‫ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ‬
‫ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨِﻢ‬
meereem
rāst meegee (shomā) You (all) go  ‫)ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻦ)ﻣﯿﺮﯾﺪ‬

plural
youʼre right/ you speak the truth meereen (formal)
‫راﺳﺖ ﻣ ﮔ‬ (oonā) They go  ‫ﻣﯿﺮَن‬
meeran
baʼad
a er
hālā
‫ﺑَ ﺪ‬ now
‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬
TO GO: bebeeneem
letʼs see
Infinitive: meereem ‫ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬
Present Stem: r

(man) I go ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ END OF LESSON 32

meeram

(tõ) meeree You go ‫ﻣﯿﺮی‬

singular

(informal)
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not

 māmān: ay vāy, bad joor bood? ‫ﺑﻮد؟‬ ‫ ﺑَﺪ ﺟﻮر‬، ‫اِی وای‬
leyla: na, bé estelāh ʻfender benderʼ bood. ‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑِﻪ اﺻﻄﻼح‬
‫ﻓِﻨﺪِر ﺑِﻨﺪِر ﺑﻮد‬
māmān: ʻfender benderʼ yanee chee? ‫ ﯾ َ ﻨ‬، ‫ﻓِﻨﺪِر ﺑِﻨﺪِر‬
Lesson 33: A Dialogue
‫ﭼﻪ‬
ِ .
between Leyla and Her leyla: khob, yanee jozʼee bood. ‫ﺧﻮب ﯾ َ ﻨ ﺟُﺰﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد‬
Mother
māmān: khodā rā shokr. ‫ﺧُﺪا را ﺷُ ﮑﺮ‬
*boogh, boogh** ‫ ﺑﻮق‬، ‫ﺑﻮق‬ leyla: māmān joon eenjā hastan? ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن ﺟﻮن‬
māmān: salām leylā jān! beeyā beboomasemet. ‫ﻟِﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ ؟‬
َ
َ
‫ﺒﻮﺳﻤِﺖ‬
َ ِ ‫ ﺑﯿﺎ ﺑ‬، ‫ﺟﺎن‬ māmān: hanooz nayoomadan. emshab meeyān ké bā ham
*māch, māch* ‫ﻣﺎچ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎچ‬ shām bokhoreem.  ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐِﻪ ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧﯿﺎﻣ‬
َ
‫ﺷﺎم ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
māmān: khayli delam vāsat tang shodé bood! ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
leyla: too knooné yā beeroon? ‫ﺑﯿﺮون؟‬ ‫ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﯾﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻮد‬ ‫واﺳﺖ )ﺑَﺮات( ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬
َ ‫دِﻟِﻤﻮن‬
māmān: na azizam, khooné shām meekhoreem. māmān
leyla: man ham hameentor! ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬
َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ joon shām dorost kardan. ‫ﺷﺎم‬ ‫ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬
māmān: rāh chetor bood? ‫ﺑﻮد؟‬ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر‬
ِ ‫راه‬ ‫ ﻣﺎﻣﺎن ﺟﻮن ﺷﺎم دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬.‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
leyla: khayli tool kesheed. ‫ﮐِﺸﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻃﻮل‬
ِ leyla: cheghadr āli. ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﻋﺎﻟ‬
ِ
māmān: chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ māmān: khob, beeyā too bā ham yek chāi bokhoreem.
leyla: too rāh yek tasādof shodé bood. ‫ﺗ َﺼﺎدُف‬ ‫ﺗﻮ راه ﯾِﮏ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﭼﺎی ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
َ ‫ ﺑﯿﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎ‬، ‫ﺧﻮب‬
‫ﺷُ ﺪِه ﺑﻮد‬
leyla: bah bah, alān cheghadr chāi meechasbé! ، ‫ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ‬ Mother: Well, come in so we can have tea together.
Leyla: Wow, tea would be wonderful right now!
‫ﭽﺴﺒِﻪ‬ ِ ‫اَﻻن‬
َ ‫ﭼﻘَﺪر ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿ‬

boos
*Honk, honk**
kiss
Mother: Hello Leyla dear! Come here so I can kiss you.
‫ﺑﻮس‬
*Kiss, kiss*
Mother: I missed you so much! beeyā beboosamet
Leyla: Me too! come here so I can kiss you
Mother: How was the road? ‫ﺑﺒﻮﺳﻤِﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎ‬
َ
Leyla: It took a long time.
Mother: How come? delam barāt tang shodé
Leyla: There was an accident on the road. Iʼve missed you
Mother: Oh no, was it bad? ‫دِﻟَﻢ ﺑَﺮات ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬
leyla: No, it was what they call a ʻfender benderʼ.
man ham hameentor
Mother: What is a ʻfneder benderʼ?
me too
Leyla: Well, it means it was minor.
Mother: Thank god.
‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻃﻮر‬
َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
Leyla: Is grandmother here?
examples:
Mother: She hasnʼt come yet. Sheʼll come tonight so we
can eat dinner together. man bastani doost I like ice ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻨ‬
Leyla: At home or out? dāram cream ‫دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
Mother: No dear, weʼll eat at home. Grandmother made
dinner.
Leyla: How wonderful.
man ham me too ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬
َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ay vāy
hameentor oh no
‫اِی وای‬

estelāh
man feelm doost I like ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ دوﺳﺖ‬ saying
dāram movies ‫دارَم‬ ‫ﻄﻼح‬
ِ ‫اِﺻ‬

man ham me too ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬

َ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ jozʼee
hameentor trivial/insignificant
‫ﺟُﺰﯾﯽ‬

khodā rā shokr
thank God
rāh ‫ﺧُﺪا را ﺷُ ﮑﺮ‬
way/the road
Cultural note: Iranian use this type of religious language o en
‫راه‬
in speech. It doesnʼt mean that the person saying them is
tasādof necessarily religious, and it is not offensive for a non-religious
accident person to use this type of speech. It is simply the most

‫ﺗ َﺼﺎدُف‬ common expression to use.

yaʼnee chee?
What does it mean? TO NOT HAVE COME:
‫ﯾَ ﻨ ﭼ‬
Stem: nayoomad
‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬ ‫ﭽﺴﺒِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﻣﯿ‬

‫ﺪم‬ Cultural note: This is just a saying to express that something

(man) I have not َ َ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣ‬  
nayoomadam come would feel really good right now. For example, a hot
chocolate would warrant this expression on a cold, wintery
(tõ) You have not ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪی‬ day. So too would a dip in some cold spring water on a hot
singular

nayoomadee come Texas day. cheghadr meechasbé!

(oo) nayoomadéHe/she has not ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬

come
END OF LESSON 33

(mā) We have not ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪﯾﻢ‬

nayoomadeem come
Pronunciation Guide:
(shomā) You (all) have ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬
plural

nayoomadeen not come a short a like in hat

(oonā) They have not ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫ﻧ َﯿﻮﻣ‬
ā long a like in not
nayoomadan come

beeroon é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

outside
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
‫ﺑﯿﺮون‬

meechasbé
it sticks
 leyla: cherā, yekee do-tā dāreem, vali faghat kabāb dāran.
‫ وَﻟ ﻓَﻘَﻂ ﮐ َﺒﺎب دارَن‬، ‫ دو ﺗﺎ دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﭼﺮا ﯾِﮑ‬
ِ
māmān joon: khob, kabāb ham doost dāree!  ‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﺧﻮب‬
Lesson 34: A Dialogue ‫ﻫﻢ دوﺳﺖ داری‬
َ
leyla: dorosté doost dāram, vali ghorme sabzeeyé shomā
between Leyla and Her behtaré. ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺰی‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ وَﻟ ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬، ‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
Dear Grandmother ‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬
māmān joon: khob, befarmā bokhor, sard nashé.  ‫ﺧﻮب‬
māmān joon: azizam, barāt khoreshé ghormé sabzi dorost
kardam. ‫دُرُﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
‫َﺸﻪ‬ َ ،‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ ﺑُﺨﻮر‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺮد ﻧ‬
َ ‫ش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬
ِ ِ ‫ ﺑَﺮات ﺧﻮر‬، ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬
leyla: bah bah bah, ajab khoreshee! ‫ﺠﺐ‬
َ َ‫ ﻋ‬، ‫ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ ﺑَﻪ‬
‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
leylā: bah bah bah, meedoneen ké man khoreshé ghormé
‫ﺧﻮرِﺷ‬
sabzi khayli doost dāram. māmān joon: nooshé jan. ‫ﺟﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻮش‬
ِ
‫ﺧﯿﻠ دوﺳﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ ‫ش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺧﻮر‬ leyla: khayli khoshmazas! va ajab tadeegee! ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
‫دارَم‬ ‫ﺠﺐ ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮕ‬
َ َ‫ و َ ﻋ‬، ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻤَﺰَس‬
māmān joon: khayli ham khoob nashodé. ‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
māmān joon: albaté ké meedoonam.  ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﮐِﻪ‬
‫ﻧَﺸُ ﺪِه‬
leyla: khayli vaghté ké ghormé sabzi nakhordam barāyé
leyla: cherā māmān joon, vāghan āli shodé. ‫ﻣﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﭼﺮا‬
ِ
eenké dar austin restoorāné irāni nadāreem.
‫ﺟﻮن واﻗِﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻟ ﺷُ ﺪه‬
‫ﺮای اﯾﻨﮑِﻪ دَر‬
ِ َ ‫ ﺑ‬. ‫ﺳﺒﺰی ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬
َ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ وَﻗﺘِﻪ ﮐِﻪ ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬
ِ māmān joon: azeezam, noosheedanee chee meekhoree?
‫ﺳﺘﻮران اﯾﺮاﻧ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻢ‬
ِ ِ ‫آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ر‬
َ
māmān joon: aslan nadāreen? ‫اﺻﻼ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ؟‬
‫ﺪﻧ ﭼ ﻣ ﺧﻮری؟‬
َ ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬، ‫ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬ Leyla: Water please.

leyla: āb lotfan.  ‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ‬ ‫آب‬ Grandmother: Here you go. Bon appétit!

māmān joon: befarmā. nooshé jān! ‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬

ِ .‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ‬

FOR YOU:

translation: full shortened

Grandmother: Leyla dear, I made you ghormé sabzi.
Leyla: Mmmm, you know that I really like ghormé sabzi! barayé man barām for me
Grandmother: Of course I know.
‫ﺑﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮام‬
Leyla: I havenʼt had ghormé sabzi in so long because we
donʼt have any Persian restaurants in Austin.
barayé tō barāt for you (informal)
Grandmother: You donʼt have any?
Leyla: Yes, we have one or two, but they only have kabab. ‫ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮات‬
Grandmother: Well, you like kabob too.
leyla: Thatʼs true, I do like it, but your ghormé sabzi is barayé oo barāsh for him/her
better!
‫ﺑﺮای او‬ ‫ﺑَﺮاش‬
Grandmother: Well, please eat, donʼt let it get cold.
Leyla: Mmm, what great stew!
barayé mā barāmoon for us
Grandmother: Bon apetit!
Leyla: Itʼs so delicious! And what wonderful tadeeg!   ‫ﺑَﺮای ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬
Grandmother: Itʼs not that good.
Leyla: Of course grandmother, itʼs really great!
Grandmother: My dear, what would you like to drink?
barayé shomā barātoon for you (formal) faghat
only
‫ﺑَﺮای ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن‬ ‫ﻓَﻘَﻂ‬

barayé oonā barāshoon for them dorosté

itʼs true
  ‫ﺑَﺮای آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺷﻮن‬
‫ﺳﺖ‬
ِ ُ‫دُر‬

nooshé jān
bon appétit
albaté
‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬
ِ
of course
‫اَﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
END OF LESSON 34
albaté ké meedoonam
of course I know
‫اَﻟﺒَﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

cherā
yes (in response to negative question)
Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﭼﺮا‬
ِ a short a like in hat

yekee dō tā dāreem
ā long a like in not
we have one or two
‫ﯾِﮑ دوﺗﺎ دارﯾﻢ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ‫ﻫﻢ آﺷﭙَﺰ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ اَﺳﺖ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
leylā: āliy-é! ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬
dāyeejoon ahmad: een khooné sheesh otāgh khāb dāré.
 ‫اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﺷﯿﺶ اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب داره‬
Lesson 35: A Dialogue
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
between Leyla and Her leylā: chand tā? ‫؟‬ َ
dāyeejoon ahmad: sheesh tā! ‫ﺷﯿﺶ ﺗﺎ‬
Uncle Ahmad leylā: khayli zeeyādé. ِ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, khob meedoonee, fāmeelemoon
leylā: salām dāyeejoon ahmad! ‫اَﺣﻤَﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم داﯾﯽ ﺟﻮن‬
َ
khayli bozorg-é. ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻠِﻤﻮن‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
dāyeejoon ahmad: salām leylā jān! bé zameen khosh
‫رگ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺑُﺰ‬
āmadee. ‫آﻣَﺪی‬ ‫ﺳﻼم ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن ! ﺑِﻪ زَﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮش‬
َ
leylā: khayli mamnoon az davatetoon! cheghadr eenjā
leylā: dorost-é. ‫ﺳﺖ‬
ِ ُ‫دُر‬
dāyeejoon ahmad: bereem beeroon? ‫ﺑﯿﺮون ؟‬ ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬
ghashangé! ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ ِ ! ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن اَز دَﻋﻮَﺗِﺘﻮن‬
‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ ِ
‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕِﻪ‬ leylā: bāshé, bereem... ajab zeeb-āst! ‫ﺠﺐ‬
َ َ‫ ﻋ‬....‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬
ِ
dāyeejoon ahmad: doost dāree khoonarō bebeenee? ‫زﯾﺒﺎﺳﺖ‬
‫دوﺳﺖ داری ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ رو ﺑﺒﯿﻨ ؟‬ dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, ha ād o panj hectār zameen
dāreem. derakht zeeyād dāreem. va dō tā daryāchéyé
leylā: hatman, bebeeneem. ‫ﺑِﺒﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺣﺘﻤَﺎ‬
َ
koochooloo ham dāreem!
dāyeejoon ahmad: befarmā een taraf. khob, een sālon-é.

ِ ُ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻟ‬، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬

‫ﻦ‬ ‫ و‬، ‫ دِرَﺧﺖ زﯾﺎد دارﯾﻢ‬.‫ﻫﻔﺘﺎد ُ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﻫِﮑﺘﺎر زَﻣﯿﻦ دارﯾﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ دارﯾﻢ‬
َ ‫درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ‬
ِ ‫دو ﺗﺎ‬
leylā: khayli bozorg-é! ‫رگ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺑُﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ
dāyeejoon ahmad: balé, een ham ashpazkhoonast. ، ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
leylā: deegé chee dāreen? ‫دارﯾﻦ؟‬ ‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﭼ‬ Leyla: Hello Uncle Ahmad!
dāyeejoon ahmad: deegé tractor dāreem, bulldozer Uncle Ahmad: Hello Leyla dear! Welcome to ʻthe landʼ.
dāreem. albaté, tractoremoon kharābé. panchar shodé. Leyla: Thank you or the invitation. How beautiful it is here!
Uncle Ahmad: Would you like to see the house?
‫ اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﺗِﺮاﮐﺘﻮرِﻣﻮن‬، ‫ ﺑُﻠﺪُزُر دارﯾﻢ‬،‫دﯾﮕِﻪ ﺗِﺮاﮐﺘﻮر دارﯾﻢ‬
Leyla: Of course, letʼs see.
‫ﭽﺮ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬
َ ‫ ﭘَﻨ‬. ‫َﺮاب‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬ Uncle Ahmad: Please come this way. Ok, this is the living
leylā: āhā. khob, hayvoonāt chetor? ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ِ ، ‫ ﺧﻮب‬. ‫آﻫﺎ‬ room.
‫ﭼﻄﻮر؟‬
ِ Leyla: Itʼs so big!
dāyeejoon ahmad: eenjā hayvoonāté vahshee zeeyād Uncle Ahmad: Yes, and this is the kitchen.
dāreem. bobcat dāreem, coyote dāreem, āhoo dāreem. Leyla: Itʼs great!
hamé cheez dāreem. Uncle Ahmad: This house has 6 bedrooms.
Leyla: How many?
، ‫ ﺑﻮب ﮐﺎت دارﯾﻢ‬ .‫ﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وَﺣﺸ زﯾﺎد دارﯾﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ Uncle Ahmad: 6!
‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ دارﯾﻢ‬
َ . ‫ آﻫﻮ دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﮐ ُﯿﻮت دارﯾﻢ‬ Leyla: Thatʼs so many.
leylā: parandé chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ؟‬
ِ ‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬ Uncle Ahmad: Yes, well, you know, our family is very big.
dāyeejoon ahmad: balé! hamé joor parandeyee ham Leyla: Thatʼs true.
dāreem. een yekee ro bebeen, cheghadr ghashangé. Uncle Ahmad: Shall we go outside?
ābeeyé, roshané. behesh meegan ʻEastern Bluebirdʼ. Leyla: Sure, letʼs go. How beautiful it is!
Uncle Ahmad: Yes, we have seventy-five acres of land. We
‫ﭼﻘَﺪر‬ِ ‫ ﺑِﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﯾِﮑ رو‬.‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﺟﻮر ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه ای ﻫﻢ دارﯾﻢ‬ َ have a lot of trees. And we have two small ponds.
ِ ‫ ﺑِﻬِﺶ ﻣﯿﮕَﻦ ؛ » اﯾﺴﺘِﺮن ﺑﻠﻮ ﺑِﺮد‬ . ‫ﻦ‬
ِ َ‫ روﺷ‬،‫آﺑﯽ‬.‫ﻪ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮕ‬ Leyla: What else do you have?
» Uncle Ahmad: We have a tractor, we have a bulldozer.
Although, our tractor is broken. It has a flat.
Leyla: Well, what about animals?
Uncle Ahmad: Here, we have many wild animals. We have āshpazkhooné
bobcast, we have coyotes, we have deer. We have kitchen
everything. ‫آﺷﭙَﺰﺧﺎﻧِﻪ‬
Leyla: What about birds?
Uncle Ahmad: Yes! We have every kind of bird. Look at this otāgh khāb

one, how beautiful it is. Itʼs blue, itʼs bright. They call it bedroom

ʻEastern Bluebirdʼ. ‫اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب‬

chand tā
how many
hatman ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
َ
certainly
ً ‫ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬ zeeyād
َ  
a lot
bebeenee ‫زﯾﺎد‬
see (directed to you informal)
meedoonee
‫ﺑِﺒﯿﻨ‬
you know
befarmā een taraf ‫ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ‬
please come this way
dorosté
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬
itʼs true
sālon ‫دُرُﺳﺘِﻪ‬
living room
albaté
‫ﺳﺎﻟُﻦ‬
of course
 ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬
END OF LESSON 35
hayvoonaté vahshee
wild animal
‫ﻧﺎت وَﺣﺸ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺣﯿﻮ‬
ِ

vahshee
Pronunciation Guide:
wild
‫وَﺣﺸ‬ a short a like in hat

parandé ā long a like in not

bird
‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

roshan ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

brightِ
‫روﺷَ ﻦ‬
 khālé farnoosh: hamé khooban! salām ham meeresoonan!
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣ رِﺳﻮﻧ َﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ  !‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﺧﻮﺑَﻦ‬
َ
leyla: salāmat bāshan! dar cancun khosh migzaré?

‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ! دَرﮐ َﻦ ﮐﻮن ﺧﻮش ﻣ ﮔﺬَرِه؟‬ 

Lesson 36: A Dialogue َ
khālé farnoosh: aré azizam, jāt khāyli khāliyé!
between Leyla and Her
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ؟‬
ِ ‫ ﺟﺎت‬،‫آرِه ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬ 
Aunt Farnoosh leyla: jāyé shomā ham eenjā khayli khāliyé. albaté boodan
dar cancun beeshtar kayf dāré.
leyla: alō?
‫اَﻟﻮ؟‬  ‫ اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﺑﻮدَن دَر ﮐ َﻦ‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺟﺎی ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻢ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ‬ ِ
khālé farnoosh: salām leylā jān! ‫ﮐﻮن ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﮐِﯿﻒ دارِه‬
‫ﺳﻼم ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن‬
َ khālé farnoosh: āré khob. meedoonee ké delemoon barāt
khayli tang shodé, vali vāghʼan mosāferat lāzem dāshteem.
leyla: salām khālé farnoosh! az kojā zang meezaneen?
‫ اَز ﮐ ُﺠﺎ زَﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﺰَﻧﯿﻦ؟‬،‫ﺳﻼم ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ ﻓَﺮﻧﻮش‬
َ ،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺗ َﻨﮓ ﺷُ ﺪِه‬
ِ ‫ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ ﮐِﻪ دِﻟِﻤﻮن ﺑَﺮات‬.‫آرِه ﺧﻮب‬
khālé farnoosh: az cancun. tō chetori?
‫ﻌﺎ ً ﻣُﺴﺎﻓِﺮَت ﻻزِم داﺷﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫وَﻟ واﻗ‬
leyla: balé, meedoonam. oonjā havā chetoré?
ِ ‫ ﺗﻮ‬.‫اَز ﮐ َﻦ ﮐﻮن‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮری؟‬

leyla: khoobam, khayli mamnoon- shomā chetoreen?

‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ ‫ اوﻧﺠﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬ 
fariborz joon, sahar, khoob hastan? khālé farnoosh: havā ālee boodé. faghat roozé aval bāroon
meeyoomad
،‫ﭼﻄﻮرﯾﻦ؟ ﻓَﺮﯾﺒﺮز ﺟﻮن‬
ِ ‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
ِ ،‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬
‫ ﻓَﻘَﻂ روز ِ اَوّل ﺑﺎرون ﻣﯿﻮﻣَﺪ‬.‫ﻫﻮا ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮدِه‬
َ
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ؟‬
َ ‫ ﺧﻮب‬،‫ﺤﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬ 
َ
leyla: ghazāyeh oonjā chetoré?
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬
ِ ‫َﺬای اوﻧﺠﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬ khālé farnoosh: khob, beh omeedé deedār, behtaré man
khālé farnoosh: āliyé- yé restoorāné mahalee ra eem barāyé shenā bargardam!
deerooz ké ghazāsh ālee bood.
‫ﺷﻨﺎ ﺑَﺮﮔَﺮدَم‬ ِ َ ‫ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﻣَﻦ ﺑ‬،‫ ﺑِﻪ اُﻣﯿﺪ ِ دﯾﺪار‬،‫ﺧﻮب‬.
ِ ‫ﺮای‬
‫ﺤﻠ ّ ﮐِﻪ ﻏَﺬاش ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬
َ َ‫ﺳﺘﻮران ﻣ‬
ِ ِ ‫ دﯾﺮوز رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ر‬،‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ leyla: khosh begzaré, shenā dar ogheeyānoos khayli kayf
leyla: va tā hālā ché kārhāyee kardeen? dāré.
ِ ،‫ﺧﻮش ﺑِﮕﺬَرِه‬
ِ ‫ﺷﻨﺎ دَراُﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮس‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﮐِﯿﻒ دارِه؟‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬
ِ ‫و َ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻻ‬ khālé farnoosh: khayli! khob khodā hāfez azizam. bé hamé
khālé farnoosh: khob deerooz ra eem khareed, emrooz
salām beresoon.
oomadeem labé sāhel va fardā ham tour gere eem shahrō
‫ﺳﻼم ﺑِﺮِﺳﻮن‬
َ ‫ﻫﻤِﻪ‬
َ ‫ ﺑِﻪ‬.‫ ﺧُﺪاﺣﺎﻓِﻆ ﻋَﺰﯾﺰَم‬،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮب‬
ِ
begardeem.
leyla: hatman! merci keh zang zadeen!
‫ و‬،‫ﺣﻞ‬ِ ‫ﺐ ﺳﺎ‬ِ َ ‫ اِﻣﺮوز اوﻣَﺪﯾﻢ ﻟ‬.‫ دﯾﺮوز رَﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﺧَﺮﯾﺪ‬،‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻤﺎً! ﻣِﺮﺳ ﮐِﻪ زَﻧﮓ زَدﯾﻦ‬
َ  
‫ﻫﻢ ﺗﻮرﮔِﺮِﻓﺘﯿﻢ ﺷَ ﻬﺮو ﺑِﮕَﺮدﯾﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬. 
leyla: vakhti bargashteed, man ham meeyam dāllās va
hamdigar rō meebeeneem.

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕَﺮو ﻣ‬ َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ‬،‫وَﻗﺘ ﺑَﺮﮔَﺸﺘﯿﺪ‬

َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺎم داﻻس و‬ Leyla: Hello?
‫ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬. Aunt Farnoosh: Hello dear Leyla!
khālé farnoosh: āré! yā mā meeyāym āustin. Leyla: Hello Aunt Farnoosh! Where are you calling from?
Aunt Farnoosh: From Cancun. How are you?
‫آرِه! ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﯾﻢ آﺳﺘﯿﻦ‬. Leyla: Well, thank you- how are you? Fariborz, Sahar, how
leyla: āhā, een ham fekré khoobeeyé! are they?
Aunt Farnoosh: Everyone is well! They say hello!
‫ﻫﻢ ﻓِﮑﺮ ِ ﺧﻮﺑﯿِﻪ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬،‫!آﻫﺎ‬
Leyla: May they be healthy! Are you having fun in Cancun?
Aunt Farnoosh: Yes dear, you are missed! everyone.
Leyla: You are very much missed too! Of course, being in Leyla: Certainly! Thank you for calling!
Cancun is more fun.
Aunt Farnoosh: Well, yes. You know that we miss you very
much, but we really needed a vacation. TO MAKE A CALL:
Leyla: Yes, I know. Howʼs the weather there? Stem: zang zadan
Aunt Farnoosh: The weather has been great! Only on the
first day, it rained. ‫ زَدَن‬ ‫زَﻧﮓ‬
Leyla: Howʼs the food there?
Aunt Farnoosh: Really well! We went to a local restaurant
that had excellent food. (man) zang I make a call  ‫زَﻧﮓ‬
Leyla: And until now, what all have you done? meezanam ‫ﻣ زَﻧ َﻢ‬
Aunt Farnoosh: Well, yesterday we went shopping, today
we came to the beach, and tomorrow we got a tour to see
(tō) zang You make a call  ‫زَﻧﮓ‬

singular
the town.
meezanee (informal) ‫ﻣ زَﻧ‬
Leyla: When you return, Iʼll also come to Dallas and weʼll
see each other.
(oo) zang He/she makes a  ‫زَﻧﮓ‬
Aunt Farnoosh: Yes! Or we will come to Austin.
meezané call ‫ﻣ زَﻧِﻪ‬
Leyla: Ah, yes, this is a great idea!
Aunt Farnoosh: Well, hope to see you again, itʼs better I get
back to swimming!
Leyla: Have a good time! Swimming in the ocean is very (mā) zang We make a call  ‫زَﻧﮓ‬
pleasurable! meezaneem ‫ﻣ زَﻧﯿﻢ‬
Aunt Farnoosh: Very! Well, goodbye dear. Say hello to
 (shomā) zang You (all) make a ‫زَﻧﮓ ﻣ‬ Idiom note: This is a common saying in Persian culture. If

plural
meezaneen call (formal) youʼre talking about an event which occured, itʼs polite to let
‫زَﻧﯿﻦ‬
the person youʼre talking to know that they were missed if
they were not present. You can either use this expression, or
(oonā) zang They make a call ‫زَﻧﮓ ﻣ‬
meezanan say jātoon sabzé, which literally means ʻyour place is greenʼ,
‫زَﻧ َﻦ‬
but figuratively means the same thing.

FAMILY MEMBERS: VACATION VOCABULARY:

mosāferat
khālé aunt on mother's side ‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬
vacation
‫ﻣُﺴﺎﻓِﺮَت‬
amé aunt on father's side ‫ﻋَﻤّﻪ‬
havā chetoré?
dāyee uncle on mother's side ‫داﯾﯽ‬ howʼs the weather?
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ
amoo uncle on father's side ‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬
ghazāyé oonja chetoré?
howʼs the food there?
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫َﺬای اوﻧﺠﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
jātoon khāliyé
lit.- your place is empty ché kārhāyee kardeen?
‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن ﺧﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ what things have you done?
‫ﭼﻪ ﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ؟‬
ِ
 mahalee Pronunciation Guide:
local
ّ ‫ﺤﻠ‬
َ َ‫ﻣ‬ a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

END OF LESSON 36
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 niloufar: chashm. alān bar meegardam. ‫ﺑَﺮ‬ ‫ اَﻻن‬. ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬
َ
‫ﻣ ﮔَﺮدَم‬
niloufar: befarmāyeen. een doogh, een ham āb bedooné
yakh. ghazā chee mayl dāreen?
Lesson 37: A Dialogue in a ‫ ﻏَﺬا ﭼ‬ .‫ﺪون ﯾَﺦ‬
ِ ِ ‫آب ﺑ‬ َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬،‫ اﯾﻦ دوغ‬. ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
Restaurant ‫ﻣﯿﻞ دارﯾﻦ؟‬
mard: man hanooz nemeedoonam. shomā chee tarjeeh
host: bé restoorané shandeez khosh āmadeen! ‫ﺳﺘﻮران‬
ِ ِ‫ر‬ ‫ﺑِﻪ‬ meedeen? ‫ﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ؟‬ ‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ‬. ‫ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻧﺪﯾﺰ ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪﯾﺪ‬ niloufar: fesenjoonemoon aaliyé. ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬
ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬
patrons: khayli mamnoon. ‫ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ mard: pass baramoon fesenjoon beeyareen. ‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﭘَﺲ‬
host: chand nafar hasteen? ‫؟‬ َ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬
ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬
man: do nafar. ‫ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬ ‫دو‬ niloufar: beseeyar aali. ‫ﺑِﺴﯿﺎر ﻋﺎﻟ‬
host: beseeyār āli. befarmāyeen een taraf. ، ‫ﺑِﺴﯿﺎر ﻋﺎﻟ‬ niloufar: een ham fesenjoon. cheezé deegaree barātoon
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻃَﺮَف‬ biāram? ‫ ﭼﯿﺰ ِ دﯾﮕَﺮی ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن ﺑﯿﺎرَم ؟‬. ‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻓ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
niloufar: salām. man niloufar hastam. emshab az shomā
mard: na, khayli mamnoon, feylan hameen khoobé. ،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
pazeerāyee meekonam. noosheedanee chee mayl dāreen?
َ ‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻧﯿﻠﻮﻓَﺮ‬، ‫ﺳﻼم‬
‫ اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ اَز ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭘَﺬﯾﺮاﯾﯽ‬. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ َ ً ‫ ﻓِﻌﻼ‬  ، ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
ِ
َ
niloufar: nooshé jan. ‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬
ِ
‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
 ‫ﺪﻧ ﭼ ﻣِﯿﻞ دارﯾﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬
man: man doogh meekhām. ‫ﻣَﻦ دوغ ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬
woman: man āb bedooné yakh meekhām. ‫ﺪون‬
ِ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫آب‬
ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ translate:
‫ﯾَﺦ ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ Host: Welcome to Shandeez restaurant!
Patrons: Thank you very much. ‫ﻧَﻔَﺮ‬
Host: How many are you?
Man: Two people. nemeedoonam

Host: Very well. Come this way. I donʼt know

Niloufar: Hello. I am Niloufar. Tonight Iʼll be serving you. ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

What would you like to drink?
hanooz
Man: I want doogh.
still
Woman: I want water without ice.
‫ﻫﻨﻮز‬
َ
Niloufar: Ok. Iʼll be right back.
Niloufar: Here you go. Hereʼs doogh and hereʼs water tarjeeh
without ice. What would you like to eat? prefer
Man: I still donʼt know. What do you prefer?
‫ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ‬
Niloufar: Our fesenjoon is great.
Man: Then bring us fesenjoon. shomā chee tarjeeh meedeen?
Niloufar: Very good. what do you prefer?
Niloufar: And hereʼs fesenjoon. Can I bring you anything ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﭼ ﺗ َﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ؟‬
else?
Man: No thank you. This is good for now.
Niloufar: Bon apetit.
barām for me  ‫ﺑَﺮام‬

barāt for you (informal)  ‫ﺑَﺮات‬

KEY VOCABULARY:
singular

nafar
person
 barāsh for him/her/it ‫ﺑَﺮاش‬

Pronunciation Guide:
barāmoon for us ‫ﺑَﺮاﻣﻮن‬ a short a like in hat

barātoon for you (formal)  ‫ﺑَﺮاﺗﻮن‬ ā long a like in not

plural

barāshoon for them  ‫ﺑَﺮاﺷﻮن‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

END OF LESSON 37
 َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬، ‫ ﻣ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬. ‫ اﯾﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ دِوﯾﺴﺖ دُﻻرِه‬. ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ زﯾﺒﺎﺳﺖ‬
ِ
khareedār: balé. vali een ham talāyé 22 hast? ‫ وَﻟ‬. ‫ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬

Lesson 38: Dialogue in a ‫ﻫﺴﺖ؟‬ ِ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻃ‬

َ ۲۲ ‫ﻼی‬ َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬

Store While Buying forooshandé: albaté. ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬

khareedār: āhā, balé, een gardanband khayli ghashangé.
Jewelry ِ ‫ اﯾﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ‬، ‫ ﺑَﻠِﻪ‬، ‫آﻫﺎ‬
ِ َ‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻗَﺸ‬
‫ﻨﮓ‬
forooshandé: barāyé khodetoon meekhāyn? ‫ﺧﻮدِﺗﻮن‬ ‫ﺮای‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
khareedār: mazerat meekhām. een dast band chandé?
‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ؟‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻦ دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬
khareedār: na, barāyé dokhtaram. hameen gardanband
forooshandé: een dastband see sad dolāré. ‫دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
āleeyé. ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﮔَﺮدَﻧﺒَﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬
َ .‫ ﺑَﺮای دُﺧﺘَﺮَم‬، ‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪدُﻻر‬
َ
khareedār: see sad dolār? benazar zeeyād meeyād. ‫ﺳﯿﺼﺪ‬
َ befarmāyeed, een ham deveest dolār naghd.  ، ‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬
‫دُﻻر ؟ ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ زﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻢ دِوﯾﺴﺖ دُﻻر ﻧ َﻘﺪ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
forooshandé: khob, talāyé 22-é. alān ghaymaté talā khayli forooshandé: albaté ghābelé shomā rō nadaré. ِ ِ ‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ ﻗﺎﺑ‬
‫ﻞ‬
bālāst. ‫ﻃَﻼ‬ ِ َ ‫ ﻃ‬، ‫ﺧﻮب‬
ِ َ‫ اَﻻن ﻗِﯿﻤ‬. ‫ﻼی ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و دوِه‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ رو ﻧ َﺪارِه‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬
ِ khareedār: khāhesh meekonam. befarmāyeed. ‫ﺧﻮاﻫِﺶ‬
khareedār: dorosté, vali barāye man khayli gerooné. cheezé
‫ ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﯿﺪ‬. ‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
deegeyee nadāreen? ‫ﮔِﺮوﻧِﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ‬
ِ َ ‫ وَﻟ ﺑ‬، ‫ﺳﺖ‬
ِ ُ‫دُر‬
‫ﭼﯿﺰ ِ دﯾﮕِﻪ ﯾﯽ ﻧ َﺪارﯾﻦ؟‬.
forooshandé: balé. een gardanband deveest dolāré.
meebeeneen, een ham khayli zeebāst.
buyer: Excuse me. How much is this bracelet? ‫ﺧَﺮﯾﺪار‬
seller: This bracelet is three hundred dollars.
buyer: Three hundred dollars? It seems too much.
KEY VOCABULARY:
seller: Well, itʼs 22 carat gold. Right now the price of gold is
high. mazerat meekhām
buyer: Thatʼs true, but for me thatʼs very expensive. Do you excuse me
have anything else? ‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬
seller: Yes. This necklace is two hundred dollars. You see,
this is also very beautiful. chandé?

buyer: Yes. But is this also 22 carat gold? How much is it?

seller: Of course. ِ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬

َ
buyer: Ah, yes, this necklace is very beautiful.
dast band
seller: Do you want it for yourself?
bracelet
buyer: No, for my daughter. This necklace is great. Here
‫دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬
you go, here is two hundred dollars cash.
seller: Of course, it is not worthy of your money. een dast band chandé?
buyer: Please, go ahead. How much is this bracelet?
‫ﭼﻨﺪِ؟‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ دَﺳﺘﺒَﻨﺪ‬
forooshandé
seller benazar zeeyād meeyād
‫ﻓُﺮوﺷَ ﻨﺪِه‬ it seems like too much
‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ زﯾﺎد ﻣﯿﺎد‬
khareedār
buyer
 ghazāyé oonja chetoré? SELF:
howʼs the food there?
khodam myself ‫ﺧﻮدَم‬
ِ ‫َﺬای اُﻧﺠﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬

benazaram khodet yourself (informal) ‫ﺧﻮدِت‬

singular
in my opinion
‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮَم‬ khodesh himself/herself ‫ﺧﻮدِش‬

talā
gold
‫ﻃَﻼ‬
khodemoon ourselves ‫ﺧﻮدِﻣﻮن‬
alān
now khodetoon yourself (formal)/ ‫ﺧﻮدِﺗﻮن‬

plural
yourselves
‫اَﻻن‬
khodeshoonthemselves ‫ﺧﻮدِﺷﻮن‬
ghaymat
price
‫ﻗِﯿﻤَﺖ‬
END OF LESSON 38
alān ghaymaté talā khayli bālā-st
right now the price of gold is very high
ِ ‫ﺖ ﻃَﻼ‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ِ َ‫اَﻻن ﻗِﯿﻤ‬

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ā long a like in not ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ‫ﺳﺘﻮران ﭼﯿﻨ ﺑﺎز ﺷُ ﺪِه‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻧ َﺰدﯾﮏ ﯾِﮏ ر‬.
zan: man ghazāyé cheenee doost nadaram. ghazāyé
itāleeyāyee beeshtar doost dāram.   ‫َﺬای ﭼﯿﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻏ‬
‫َﺬای اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ دوﺳﺖ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ ﻏ‬. ‫ دوﺳﺖ ﻧ َﺪارَم‬.
Lesson 39: A Dialogue mard: meetooneem too khooné shām dorost koneem.
About What We Should Do ‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ِ ﺷﺎم دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬،  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬.
Tonight zan: āhā, een ham fekré khoobeeyé- chee dorost koneem?
 ‫ ﭼ دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ؟‬   . ‫ﻫﻢ ﻓِﮑﺮ ِ ﺧﻮﺑﯿِﻪ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻦ‬، ‫آﻫﺎ‬
zan: benazaré tō emshab chekār bokoneem? ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﺗﻮ‬ mard: too yakhchāl chee dāreem? ‫ﺗﻮ ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل ﭼ دارﯾﻢ ؟‬
‫ﭼﮑﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ؟‬ zan: gojé farangee dāreem, gooshté charkh kardé dāreem,
ِ ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ‬
mard: nemeedoonam - tō chee fekr meekonee? ، ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬ va peeyāz dāreem. ‫ﭼﺮخ‬َ ‫ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬، ‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓَﺮَﻧﮕ دارﯾﻢ‬
ِ
‫ﺗﻮ ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨ ؟‬ ‫ و َ ﭘﯿﺎز دارﯾﻢ‬، ‫ﮐ َﺮده دارﯾﻢ‬.

zan: doost dāree bereem cinemā? ‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫دوﺳﺖ داری‬ mard: espāghetti chetor? ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ؟‬
ِ ‫اِﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ‬
zan: bāshé, espāghetti! meetooneem yek feelmé italiyayee
‫ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ؟‬
ham kerāyé-koneem va hameen jā , too khooné negāh
mard: ché feelmee? ‫؟‬ ‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ‬
ِ koneem! ‫ﻢ اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
ِ ‫ اﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ ! ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﻓﯿﻠ‬، ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ
zan: sabr kon bebeenam. hmm, benazar meeyād too
‫ ﺗﻮ ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻧِﮕﺎه ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬، ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺟﺎ‬
َ َ ‫ﻫﻢ ﮐِﺮاﯾِﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و‬
َ
cinemā-hā filmé jālebee neest.  ، ‫ ﻫﻤﻢ‬. ‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻦ ﺑِﺒﯿﻨَﻢ‬
َ
mard: ālee-yé! ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ﻣﯿﺎد ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻓﯿﻠ‬.
‫ﻢ ﺟﺎﻟِﺒﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
mard: bejāsh meetooneem yek jā shām bokhoreem.
ِ ‫ﺑِﺠﺎش ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﯾِﮏ ﺟﺎ ﺷﺎم ﺑِﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬. Woman: In your opinion, what should we do tonight?
Man: I donʼt know- what do you think?
zan: masalan kojā?  ‫ﻣَﺜ َﻼ ً ﮐ ُﺠﺎ؟‬
Woman: Would you like to go to the cinema?
mard: een nazdik yek restoorané cheenee bāz shodé.  ‫اﯾﻦ‬
Man: What movie? benazaré in his/her opinion
ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬
Woman: Let me see- hmm, it seems thereʼs not an oon ‫ اون‬ 
interesting film in the cinema.
Man: Instead, we can go eat dinner somewhere.
Woman: Like where?
benazaré in our opinion ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﻣﺎ‬
Man: Thereʼs a Chinese restaurant near by.
mā
Woman: I donʼt like Chinese food. I like Italian food more.
Man: We can also make dinner at home. benazaré in your opinion
ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬
shomā (formal)

plural
Woman: Aha, that is a good idea. What should we make? ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
Man: What do we have in the refrigerator?
Woman: We have a tomato, we have ground beef, and we benazaré in their opinion
ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬
have onions. oonā ‫ اوﻧﺎ‬ 
Man: How about spaghetti?
Woman: Ok, spaghetti! We can also rent an Italian film, and
watch it right here, at home!
Man: Great!
TO NOT KNOW:
nemeedoonam I donʼt know  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻢ‬

IN THE OPINION OF: nemeedoonee you donʼt   ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ‬

singular know
benazaré in my opinion
ِ ‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ‬ (informal)
man ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
nemeedooné he/she ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧِﻪ‬
doesnʼt know
‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ِ ﺗﻮ‬
singular

benazaré tō in your opinion

(informal)
 nemeedooneemwe donʼt ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬
َ
know
benazar meeyād
plural nemeedooneen you donʼt  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧﯿﻦ‬ it seems that
know (formal)
‫ﺑِﻨَﻈَﺮ ﻣﯿﺎد‬
nemeedoonan they donʼt  ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺪوﻧ َﻦ‬
know jāleb
interesting
chee fekr meekonee? ‫ﺟﺎﻟِﺐ‬
What do you think?
‫ﭼ ﻓِﮑﺮ ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨ‬ bejāsh
instead of
doost dāree bereem cinemā? ‫ﺑِﺠﺎش‬
Would you like for us to go to the movies?
‫دوﺳﺖ داری ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ yek jā
somewhere
ché feelmee? ‫ﯾِﮏ ﺟﺎ‬
What movie?
‫ﭼﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻤ ؟‬ hameen jā
ِ
right here
sabr kon ‫ﻫﻤِﯿﻦ ﺟﺎ‬
َ
wait (informal)
‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐ ُﻦ‬ masalan
َ
for instance
sabr koneen ً ‫ﻣَﺜ ََﻼ‬
wait (formal)
 nazdeek gojé farangee
close tomato
‫ﻧ َﺰدﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓَﺮَﻧﮕ‬
ِ

gooshté charkh kardé

WE CAN: ground beef
‫ﭼﺮخ ﮐ َﺮدِه‬
َ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‬
ِ
meetoonam I can  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
peeyāz
singular

meetoonee you can (informal)  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬ onion

‫ﭘﯿﺎز‬
meetooné he/she can  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬
espāgetti
spaghetti

meetooneemwe can ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬ ‫اِﺳﭙﺎﮔِﺘ‬

kerāyé
meetooneen you can (formal)  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬
plural

rent
‫ﮐِﺮاﯾِﻪ‬
meetoonan they can  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬

yakh chāl END OF LESSON 39

refrigerator
‫ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل‬
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not

 matt: aré, khayli! ‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ‬،‫آره‬
ِ
leyla: deegé ché khabar? ‫دﯾﮕِﮫ ِﭼﮫ َﺧ َﺑر؟‬
matt: khob, hālā man dar dāllas zendegee meekonam,
barāyé eenké dāneshgāh dar dāllās-é. ‫ ﺣﺎﻻ َﻣن دَ ر داﻻس‬،‫ﺧوب‬
Lesson 40: A Review ‫ ﺑرای اﯾﻧﮑِﮫ داﻧِﺷﮕﺎه دَ ر داﻻﺳِ ﮫ‬.‫ِزﻧدِﮔﯽ ﻣﯾﮑُ َﻧم‬
leyla: va yek khabaré khayli bozorgtar ham dāreen. ‫و َﯾﮏ َﺧ َﺑر‬
Dialogue with Leyla, Matt ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ُﺑ ُزرﮔ َﺗر َھم دارﯾن‬
and Ladan ladan: dorosté. khabar een-é ké man hāmelé hastam, va
dar decembre bacheyé avalemoon bé donyā meeyād. .‫ُدرُﺳﺗِﮫ‬
leyla: ché khoob emrooz lādan ham bā māst. khosh ‫ و دَ ر دِﺳﺎﻣﺑر َﺑ ِﭼﮫ اَ َوﻟﻣون ِﺑﮫ ُدﻧﯾﺎ ﻣﯾﺎد‬،‫َﺧ َﺑر اﯾﻧِﮫ ﮐِﮫ َﻣن ﺣﺎ ِﻣﻠِﮫ َھﺳ َﺗم‬
āmadee lādan jān! ‫ ﺧوش آ َﻣدی‬.‫ اِﻣروز ﻻدَ ن َھم ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳت‬،‫ِﭼﮫ ﺧوب‬ leyla: khayli khayli mobārak bāshé! dokhtaré yā
‫ﻻدَ ن ﺟﺎن‬ pesar? ‫ُﺑﺎرک ﺑﺎﺷِ ﮫ! ُدﺧ َﺗر ﯾﺎ ِﭘ َﺳر؟‬
َ ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﻣ‬
ladan: khayli mamnoon! ‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون‬ ladan: dokhtar! ‫ُدﺧ َﺗر‬
matt: man o lādan khoshhāleem ké meebeeneemet. ‫َﻣن و‬ leyla: bé salāmati. khayli mamnoon ké bā man emrooz bā
‫ﻻدَ ن ﺧوﺷﺣﺎﻟﯾم ﮐِﮫ ﻣﯾﺑﯾﻧﯾﻣِت‬ man sohbat kardeen, va az didanetoon khayli khoshhāl
leyla: man ham hameentor! khayli vaghté ké hamdeega-rō shodam. ‫ و اَز‬،‫ِﺑﮫ َﺳﻼ َﻣﺗﯽ! ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﻣﻧون ﮐِﮫ ﺑﺎ َﻣن اِﻣروز ﺻُﺣ َﺑت َﮐردﯾن‬
nadeedeem! ‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َوﻗﺗِﮫ ﮐِﮫ َھﻣدﯾﮕَرو َﻧدﯾدﯾم‬.‫َﻣن َھم َھﻣﯾﻧطور‬ ُ ‫دﯾدَ ﻧﺗون ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﺣﺎل‬
‫ﺷدَ م‬
ladan: khayli vaghté! khob mā khayli mashghool matt: mā ham khayli khoshhāl shodeem! ‫ﻣﺎ َھم ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧوﺷﺣﺎل‬
boodeem. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﻣﺷﻐول ﺑودﯾم‬،‫ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َوﻗﺗِﮫ! ﺧوب‬ ُ
‫ﺷدﯾم‬
leyla: khob, matt, aval begoo dāneshgāh chetoré? darshā
khoob peesh meeran? ‫طوره؟ دَ رس ھﺎ‬
ِ ‫ اَ َول ِﺑﮕو داﻧِﺷﮕﺎه ِﭼ‬،‫ﺧوب َﻣت‬
‫ﻣﯾرن؟‬
َ ‫ﺧوب ﭘﯾش‬
matt: khob, khayli khayli sakhté, vali khoob peesh meeré. Leyla: How great that today Ladan is also with us.
‫ﻣﯾره‬
ِ ‫ َوﻟﯽ ﺧوب ﭘﯾش‬،‫ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ ﺧِﯾﻠﯽ َﺳﺧﺗِﮫ‬،‫ﺧِوب‬ Welcome Ladan jan!
leyla: dars zeeyād daree? ‫دَ رس زﯾﺎد داری؟‬ Ladan: Thank you!
Matt: Ladan and I are really happy to see you. ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬
Leyla: Me too! Itʼs been a while since weʼve seen each
other!
Ladan: A long time! Well, weʼve been really busy. hamdeega-rō nadeedeem

Leyla: So Matt, first tell us, howʼs school? Is it going well? hamdeegé + rō nadeedeem

Matt: Well, itʼs really really hard, but itʼs going well. havenʼt seen each other

Leyla: Do you have a lot of schoolwork?

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕِﻪ را ﻧ َﺪﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬
َ
Matt: Yes, a lot!
Leyla: So what else is going on? ‫َھﻣدﯾﮕِرو َﻧدﯾدﯾم‬
Matt: Well, now I live in Dallas, because the university is in
Dallas.
Leyla: And you also have another very big news. hamdeegé

Ladan: Thatʼs right. The news is that I am pregnant, and in each other

December, our first child will be born.

‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕِﻪ‬
َ
Leyla: Many many congratulations! Is it a boy or a girl?
Ladan: A girl!
Leyla: Congratulations. Thank you so much for speaking mashghool
with me today, and for telling me great news, and Iʼm so busy
happy to see you.
Matt: We are very happy too! ‫ﻣَﺸﻐﻮل‬

khayli vakhté
a long time
bā mā-st
‫ﺧﯿﻠ وَﻗﺘِﻪ‬
ِ
is with us
 hamelé
pregnant END OF LESSON 40
‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﻪ‬

mobārak bāshé
congratulations
Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬
a short a like in hat
khoshhāl shodam
itʼs a pleasure ā long a like in not

َ ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

dokhtaré yā pesar ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

girl or boy

‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ ‫دﺧﺘَﺮ ِ ﯾﺎ ﭘ‬
 man telephon zadam
I made a call
َ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ زَدَم‬

Lesson 41: Telephoning and bé mādaram telephon zadam

I called my mother
Other Structured  ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎدَرَم ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ زَدَم‬
Infinitives bé maryam telephon kardee?
khasté nabāshee did you telephone Maryam?
lit. donʼt be tired  ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﺮﯾَﻢ ﺗِﻠِﻔﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَی‬
‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷ‬
bé man telephon kard?
salāmat bāshee did she telephone me?
may you be healthy   ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬
  ‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷ‬
َ
bé marthā telephon kard
Dialogue note: This is a common dialogue that happens He/she telephoned Martha
between two people. One will say khasté nabāshee, basically  ‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎرﺗﺎ ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮد‬
meaning ʻI know youʼve been working hard, may you not be
tiredʼ and the other responds by saying salāmat bāshee,
meaning ʻthank you, and may you remain healthy.ʼ Itʼs simply TO TELEPHONE:
a common pleasantry that is sometimes used as a form of bé _______ telephon kardan
greeting.
‫ﺑِﻪ ______ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
 bé I telephoned‫ﺑِﻪ‬ bé ‫ﺑِﻪ‬
They telephoned
_______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ _______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬
ِِ ِِ
telephon telephon
‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
kardam kardan

bé ‫ﺑِﻪ‬
You telephoned
rāzi boodan
singular

_______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬
ِِ to be satisfied
telephon
‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬ ‫راﺿ ﺑﻮدَن‬
kardee

bé He/she ‫ﺑِﻪ‬ az māshinam rāzi hastam

_______ telephoned az māshinam rāzi-am
‫______ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬
telephon _______________ I am satisfied with my car
‫ﮐ َﺮد‬
kard  ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ ‫از ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨَﻢ راﺿ‬

‫از ﻣﺎﺷﯾ َﻧم راﺿ َﯾم‬

bé ‫ﺑِﻪ‬
We telephoned
_______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬ az madresé rāzi-am
ِِ
telephon I am satisfied with my school
‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
kardeem  ‫ﺳﻪ راﺿﯿَﻢ‬
ِ ِ ‫از ﻣَﺪر‬
bé ‫ﺑِﻪ‬
You telephoned az kār rāzi-am
_______ _______________‫______ﺗﻠﻔُﻦ‬
ِِ I am happy with work
telephon
‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬  ‫از ﮐﺎر راﺿﯿَﻢ‬
plural

kardeen
az kāret rāzi hastee?
Are you happy with your work?
 ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ؟‬
َ ‫اَز ﮐﺎرِت راﺿ‬ TO BE SATISFIED WITH
az chāi rāzi-am?
_____________________:
I am satisfied with tea Infinitive: rāzi boodan
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫اَز ﭼﺎی راﺿ‬
‫راﺿ ﺑﻮدَن‬
Note: In the two above examples, we are asking about work
satisfaction. In the first example, we used the phrase az kār
az _______ I am satisfied ‫از‬
rāzi with ________ ‫______راﺿ‬
rāzi-am. Here, the concept of ʻmy workʼ is implied. In other
hastam
words az kār rāzi-am is the same as saying az kāram rāzi-am. ‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
In the second example, az kāret rāzi hastee, ʻyour workʼ is
explicitly stated. Either way of saying it works. az _______ You are ‫از‬

singular
rāzi hastee satisfied with ‫______راﺿ‬
Pronunciation note: It would be grammatically correct here to
________
say az kāret rāzi-ee, but it would sound awkward when ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
pronounced. For this reason, we choose to keep the longer
version of rāzi hastee.
az _______ He/she is ‫از‬
rāzi hast satisfied with ‫______راﺿ‬
Another note: A common mistake made by English speakers is ________
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
that they want to translate directly from English, and say ʻI am
happy WITH my carʼ, whereas in Persian, you are using the
preposition ʻfromʼ in this phrase. So az māshinam rāzi-am
more literally means ʻI am satisfied from my carʼ, ʻI get
az _______ We are ‫از‬
rāzi satisfied with ‫______راﺿ‬
satisfaction from my carʼ, rather than ʻI am happy with my car.ʼ
hasteem ________
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
 az _______ You are ‫از‬ TO BE ANGRY WITH
_____________________:
plural
rāzi satisfied with ‫______راﺿ‬
hasteen ________
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ Infinitive: asabāni boodan

az _______ They are ‫از‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬

َ َ‫ﻋ‬
rāzi hastan satisfied with ‫______راﺿ‬
________
az _______ I am angry ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ asabāni with ________ ______
hastam
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ

asabāni boodan
az _______ You are angry ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬

singular
asabāni with ________ ______
to be angry
hastee
 ‫ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدَن‬
َ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ

az man asabāni boodee? ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬

az _______ He/she is َ َ‫ﻋ‬
Were you angry with me? asabāni hast angry with ______
َ َ‫اَز ﻣَﻦ ﻋ‬
‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮدی؟‬ ________
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
az sārā asabāni bood
He/she was angry with Sarah

َ َ‫اَز ﺳﺎرا ﻋ‬
‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ ﺑﻮد‬ az _______ We are angry ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
asabāni with ________ ______
hasteem
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
 az _______ You are angry ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ TO BE WAITING FOR
_____________________:
plural
asabāni with ________ ______
hasteen
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ Infinitive: montazer boodan

az _______ They are ‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬

َ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺑﻮدَن‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
asabāni angry with ______
hastan ________
montazeré I am waiting
ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ _______ for ________ ______
hastam
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻢ‬
َ
porsidan
to ask montazeré You are
ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫ﭘُﺮﺳﯿ‬

singular
_______ waiting for ______
hastee ________
az sārā porsidam ‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
I asked Sarah
َ ‫اَز ﺳﺎرا ﭘُﺮﺳﯿ‬
‫ﺪم‬
montazeré He/she is
ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
_______ hast waiting for ______
az man porsidee ________
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ
You asked me
‫اَز ﻣَﻦ ﭘُﺮﺳﯿﺪی‬
montazeré We are waiting ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
ِ
_______ for ________ ______
hasteem
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ‬
َ
 montazeré You are
ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬   ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺷﺎﻣَﻢ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬

plural
_______ waiting for ______
hasteen ________
‫ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
َ

montazeré They are

ِ ‫ﻈﺮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬
_______ waiting for ______
hastan ________
‫ﻫﺴﺘَﻦ‬
َ Leyla: alo? ‫اَﻟو‬
Matt: salām! matt hastam! ‫َﺳﻼم! َﻣت َھﺳ َﺗم‬
Leyla: salām matt, merci ké bé man telephon kardee.
montazeret boodam! ‫ ﻣُﻧ َﺗظِ ِرت‬.‫ ﻣِرﺳﯽ ﮐِﮫ ِﺑﮫ َﻣن ِﺗﻠِﻔُن َﮐردی‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬
montazeré nāhār-am ‫ﺑودَ م‬
I am waiting for lunch Matt: montazeré man boodee? ‫ﻣُﻧ َﺗظِ ِر َﻣن ﺑودی؟‬
 ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﻧﺎﻫﺎرَم‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ Leyla: āré! az kāré jadeed rāzee hastee? ‫ﮐﺎر َﺟدﯾد راﺿﯽ‬
ِ ‫ اَز‬،‫آره‬
ِ
‫َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬
montazeré shoharam-am Matt: āré! az kāré jadeed khayli rāzi-am. ‫ﮐﺎر َﺟدﯾد راﺿ َﯾم‬
ِ ‫ اَز‬،‫آره‬
ِ
I am waiting for my husband
 ‫ﻫﺮَﻣَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﺷﻮ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬

montazeré chee hastee?

Leyla: Hello?
What are you waiting for?
Matt: Hi, this is Matt!
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻈﺮ ِ ﭼ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣُﻨﺘ‬ Leyla: Hey Mat, thanks for telephoning me. I was waiting
for you!
montazeré shām-am
Matt: You were waiting for me?
I am waiting for dinner
Leyla: Yes! Are you satisfied with the new job?
Matt: Yes, I am satisfied with the new job. Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

END OF LESSON 41
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 emshab meetooneem shām bokhoreem
tonight we can eat dinner
  ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﺷﺎم ﺑُﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬

Lesson 42: The Simple emshab kār meekoneem

tonight we will work
Subjunctive ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
emshab meereem cinemā
emshab meetooneem kār bokoneem
tonight weʼll go to the cinema
tonight we can work
or
‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﮐﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
tonight we are going to the cinema
‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬
TO BE ABLE TO:
toonestan
toonestan -------> toon
to be able
  ‫ﺗﻮﻧِﺴﺘَﻦ‬ to be able to ----> present stem of to be able to

emshab meetooneem bereem cinemā ‫ ﺗﻮن‬     ‫ﺗﻮﻧًﺴﺘَﻦ‬

tonight we can go to the cinema
  ‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ‬ (man) meetonamI can   ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬

emshab shām meekhoreem (tō) meetoonee You can  

tonight we eat dinner (informal)
singular

‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬
‫اِﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﺷﺎم ﻣﯿﺨﻮرﯾﻢ‬
 (oo) meetooné He/she can   ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬ man meetoonam āvāz bekhoonam
I can sign
‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
(mā) We can   man nemeetoonam āvāz bekhoonam
meetooneem ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬ I canʼt sing
‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
(shomā) You can  
plural

meetooneen (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬ tō meetoonee āvāz bekhoonee

you can sing
(oonā) They can     ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ‬
meetoonan ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬
mā meetooneem āvāz bekhooneem
we can sing
āvāz khoondan   ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬
to sign
‫آواز ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن‬ ovordan
to bring
man āvāz meekhoonam ‫اُوُردَن‬
I sing
or
I am singing TO BRING:
 ‫آواز ﻣﯿﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ ovordan -------> ār

to bring ----> present stem of to bring

 ‫ اُوُردَن‬     ‫ار‬
TO BE ABLE TO BRING:
 
ovordan -------> ār

to bring ----> present stem of to bring

(man) I bring   ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ اُوُردَن‬     ‫ار‬

meeyāram ‫ﻣﯿﺎرَم‬
(man) I bring   ‫ﻣَﻦ‬
singular

(tõ) meeyāree You bring   ‫ﺗﻮ ﻣﯿﺎری‬ beeyāram ‫ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬

(informal)

singular
(oo) meeyāré He/she brings   ِ ‫او ﻣﯿﺎر‬ (tõ) beeyāree You bring   ‫ﺗﻮ ﺑﯿﺎری‬
(informal)

(oo) beeyāré He/she bring   ِ ‫او ﺑﯿﺎر‬

(mā) We bring   ‫ﻣﺎ‬
meeyāreem ‫ﻣﯿﺎرﯾﻢ‬
(mā) We bring   ‫ﻣﺎ‬
(shomā) You bring   ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‬ beeyāreem ‫ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻢ‬
plural

meeyāreen (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬

(shomā) You bring   ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
(oonā) They bring   ‫اوﻧﺎ‬ beeyāreen (formal) ‫ﺑﯿﺎرﯾﻦ‬
meeyāran
plural

‫ﻣﯿﺎرَن‬
 (oonā) They bring   ‫اوﻧﺎ‬ to put ----> present stem of to put
beeyāran ‫ﺑﯿﺎرَن‬ ‫ ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬     ‫ذار‬

(man) I put    ‫ﻣَﻦ‬

meezāram ‫ﻣﯿﺬارَم‬
meetoonee chāi beeyāree?
Can you bring tea?

singular
(tõ) meezāree You put    ‫ﺗﻮ‬
  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎری ؟‬ (informal) ‫ﻣﯿﺬاری‬
meetoonee barāyé man chāi beeyāree?
Can you bring me tea?
(oo) meezāré He/she puts    ‫او ﻣﯿﺬارِه‬
‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎری؟‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑ‬

meetoonam barāyé tō chāi beeyāram? (mā) We put    ‫ﻣﺎ‬

Can I bring you tea? meezāreem ‫ﻣﯿﺬارﯾﻢ‬
 ‫ﺮای ﺗﻮ ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑ‬
(shomā) You put    ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
gozāshtan

plural
meezāreen (formal) ‫ﻣﯿﺬارﯾﻦ‬
to put
‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬
(oonā) They put    ‫اوﻧﺎ‬
meezāran ‫ﻣﯿﺬارَن‬
TO PUT:
gozāshtan -------> zār
TO BE ABLE TO PUT:
 gozāshtan -------> zār man meetoonam beram
I can go
to put ----> present stem of to put
 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬
‫ ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬     ‫ذار‬

(man) I put    ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ meetoonee bezāree

bezāram ‫ﺑِﺬارَم‬ you can put
 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑِﺬاری‬
singular

(tõ) bezāree You put    ‫ﺗﻮ ﺑِﺬاری‬

(informal) leevān-ō meetoonee bezāree too sink
you can put the cup in the sink
(oo) bezāré He/she puts    ‫او ﺑِﺬارِه‬
 ‫ن ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑﺬاری ﺗﻮ دﺳﺖ ﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬
ُ ‫ﻟﯿﻮا‬

māsheen-ō meetoonam bezāram too gārāge

(mā) We put    ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑِﺬارﯾﻢ‬ I can put the car in the garage
bezāreem
 ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻨﻮ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺬارَم ﺗﻮ ﮔﺎراژ‬
(shomā) You put    ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬
bezāreen (formal) emshab meeram cinemā
plural

‫ﺑِﺬارﯾﻦ‬
Tonight I go to the cinema

(oonā) They put    ‫اوﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬

bezāran ‫ﺑِﺬارَن‬ emshab meetoonam beram cinemā
Tonight I can go to the cinema
  ‫اﻣﺸَ ﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
 emshab meetooneem kār bokoneem
Tonight we can work
‫اِﻣﺸﺐ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﮐﺎر ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬

meetoonee barāyé man jāckat beeyāree

Pronunciation Guide:
Can you bring me a jacket
a short a like in hat
 ‫ﺮای ﻣَﻦ ژاﮐ َﺖ ﺑﯿﺎری‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺑ‬
ā long a like in not
meetoonee chāi rō bezāree roo meez
You can put the tea on the table é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﭼﺎی رو ﺑِﺬاری رو ﻣﯿﺰ‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

END OF LESSON 42
 (mā) We want   ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
meekhāheem ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ‬

(shomā) You want ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬

Lesson 43: Talking about

plural
meekhāheed (formal) ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﺪ‬
Wants and Possibilities
(oonā) They want ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫أآﻧﻬﺎ‬
meekhāhand ‫ﻫﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬
TO WANT, LITERARY:
khāstan

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬

(man) I want ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ TO WANT, COLLOQUIAL:

meekhāham ‫ﻫﻢ‬ khāstan
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬
‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬
(tõ) You want ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
singular

meekhāhee (informal) ‫ﺧﻮاﻫ‬ (man) I want   ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬

meekhām ‫ﺧﻮام‬
(oo) He/she   ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫او‬
meekhāhad wants ‫ﻫﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬ (tõ) meekhāi You want   ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
(informal)
singular

‫ﺧﻮای‬
 (oo) He/she wants   ‫ ﻣ‬ ‫او‬ (man) I want to go ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬
meekhād ‫ﺧﻮاد‬ meekhām ‫ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬ 
beram

(tõ) meekhāi You want to ‫ﺗﻮ ﻣ‬

singular
(mā) We want   ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬ beree go (informal) ‫ﺧﻮای ﺑِﺮی‬
meekhāim ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ‬
(oo) meekhād He/she wants ‫ﺧﻮاد‬ ‫او ﻣ‬
(shomā) You want   ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬ beré to go ‫ﺑِﺮِه‬
plural

meekhāin (formal) ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬

(oonā) They want   ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬ (mā) We want to ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬

meekhān ‫ﺧﻮان‬ meekhāim go ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬
bereem

(shomā) You want to ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬

meekhāin go (formal) ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬

plural
Note: The conjugation for the third person colloquial version bereen
of to want is different than other colloquial conjugations- it
‫ﺑِﺮﯾﻦ‬
has a literary ending rather than a colloquial one.
(oonā) They want to   ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬
meekhān go ‫ﺧﻮاَن ﺑ ِﺮَن‬
TO WANTS TO GO: beran
 man meeram man nemeekhām beram
I go I donʼt want to go
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧِﻤﯿﺨﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬

man meetoonam beram tō nemeekhāy beree

I can go you donʼt want to go
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ‫ﺗﻮ ﻧِﻤﯿﺨﻮای ﺑِﺮی‬

Note: Just as in the last lesson, when we introduce the verb

ʻto wantʼ to the sentence, the first verb (to want) gets a SPECIAL VERBS:
present conjugation and the second verb (in this case, to go)
receives a subjunctive one. So, in other words, the first verb bāyad must/should   ‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ‬
gets a mee prefix and the second verb gets a bé prefix.
nabāyad mustn't/shouldn't  ‫ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾِﺪ‬
man meekhām beram
I want to go shāyad maybe  ‫ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ‬
‫ ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم‬ 
momkené it's possible  ‫ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ‬
shomā meekhāyn bereen
You want to go behtaré it's better ‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه‬
‫ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ ﺑِﺮﯾﻦ‬ 

man nemeetoonam beram

Note: These ʻspecial verbsʼ can be used to enhance a
I canʼt go
sentence. Just as in the previous examples of ʻto wantʼ or ʻto
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑِﺮَم‬
be ableʼ, when they are introduced to a sentence, the second
verb takes on a bé prefix. behtaré beram
Iʼd better go
man bāyad beram
‫ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ِ‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮه‬
I have to go
‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬ āvāz khoondan
to sing
tō bāyad beree
‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫آواز ﺧﻮﻧ‬
You have to go
‫ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮی‬ man bāyad āvāz bekhoonam
I have to sing
man nabāyad beram
‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ آواز ﺑِﺨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
I shouldnʼt go/I donʼt have to go
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬ behtaré chāi nakhoram
I better not drink tea
man shāyad beram
‫ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﭼﺎی ﻧ َﺨﻮرَم‬
I might go
‫ﻣَﻦ ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑِﺮَم‬ bāyad chāi bokhoram
I have to drink tea
momkené beram
‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﭼﺎی ﺑِﺨﻮرَم‬
I may go
‫ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ‫ﻦ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻣُﻤﮑ‬
TO WANT TO COME:
momkené naram
I may not go (man) I want to ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ‬
‫ ﻧ َﺮَم‬ ‫ﻦ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻣُﻤﮑ‬ meekhām come ‫ﺧﻮام ﺑﯿﺎم‬
beeyām
 (tõ) meekhāi You want to ‫ﺗﻮ ﻣ‬ (man) meekhām beeyām khooné

singular
beeyāy come I want to come home
‫ﺧﻮای ﺑﯿﺎی‬
(informal) ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﯿﺎم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
(oo) meekhād He/she wants   ‫او ﻣ‬ (man) meekhām beram itāliā
beeyād to come ‫ﺧﻮاد ﺑﯿﺎد‬ I want to go to Italy
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑِﺮَم اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬

(oo) meekhād bā mān beeyād

(mā) We want to ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ‬
meekhāim come he/she wants to come with us
‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ‬
beeyāym ‫او ﻣ ﺧﻮاد ﺑﺎ ﻣَﻦ ﺑﯿﺎد‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻢ‬
Note: The word order for these sentences is different than in
(shomā) You want to ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣ‬ the English counterparts. ʻWith usʼ is sandwiched between
plural

meekhāin come (formal) ‫ﺧﻮاﯾﻦ‬ the two verbs. In English, it comes at the end of the sentence.
beeyāyn
‫ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻦ‬
(mā) meekhāym bā tō bereem
we want to go with you
(oonā) They want to   ‫اوﻧﺎ ﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣ ﺧﻮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑِﺮﯾﻢ‬
meekhān come ‫ﺧﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن‬
beeyān (man) meekhām bā tō cinemā beram
I want to go to the movies with you
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬   

(man) meetoonam bā tō cinemā beram

I can go to the movies with you
 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮ ِ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

(mān) bāyad bā tō cinemā beram (man) behtaré bā tō cinemā naram

I have to go to the movies with you I better not go to the movies with you
 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺑِﻬﺘَﺮِه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧ َﺮَم‬

(man) nabāyad bā tō cinemā beram

I shouldnʼt go to the movies with you END OF LESSON 43
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻧ َﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬

(man) shāyad bā tō cinemā beram

I might not go ot the movies with you
‫ﻣَﻦ ﺷﺎﯾَﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ Pronunciation Guide:
(man) momkené bā tō cinemā beram a short a like in hat
I might go to the ovies with you
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ā long a like in not

(man) meekhām bā tō cinemā beram é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

I might go to the movies with you
‫ﻣَﻦ ﻣ ﺧﻮام ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﯿﻨِﻤﺎ ﺑِﺮَم‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

(man) behtaré bā tō cinemā beram

I better go to the movies with you
 bāsham ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

bāshee ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬

Lesson 44: Subjunctive To bāshé ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬

ِ
Have and To Be
budan bāsheem ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
to be
‫ﺑﻮدَن‬ bāsheen ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
dāshtan
bāshan ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬
to have
‫داﺷﺘَﻦ‬

meetoonam khoshhāl bāsham

TO BE ABLE TO BE HAPPY:
I can be happy
  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
(man) I can be ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
meetoonam happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
TO BE ABLE TO BE: khoshhāl
‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
bāsham
stem: bāsh

‫ﺑﺎش‬
singular
(tõ) meetoonee You can be ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ‬
khoshhāl bāshee happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
TO WANT TO BE HAPPY:
(informal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬
(man) I want to be  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬
(oo) meetooné He/she can ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬
meekhām happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
khoshhāl bāshé be happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ khoshhāl
‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ bāsham

(tõ) meekhāy You want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮای‬

khoshhāl be happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬

singular
bāshee (informal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬
(mā) We can be ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ‬
meetooneem happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ (oo) meekhād He/she ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاد‬
khoshhāl khoshhāl bāshé wants to be ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
bāsheem happy
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ
(shomā) You can be ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻦ‬
meetooneen happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
plural

khoshhāl (formal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
bāsheen
(mā) We want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ‬
(oonā) They can be‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻦ‬
meekhāym be happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
meetoonan happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬ khoshhāl
khoshhāl bāshan ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬ bāsheem
 (shomā) You want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ‬ (oo) dāshté bāshé ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬

plural
meekhāyn be happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
khoshhāl (formal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
bāsheen (mā) dāshté bāsheem ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
(oonā) They want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮان‬
(shomā) dāshté bāsheen ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

plural
meekhān be happy ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
khoshhāl
‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬
bāshan (oonā) dāshté bāshan ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

meekhām dar itāliā bāsham

I want to be in Italy
TO BE ABLE TO HAVE: ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام دَر اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

meekhāym khoshhāl bāsheem

stem: dāshté bāsh
We want to be happy
‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎش‬
  ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

meekhām māsheen dāshté bāsham

(man) dāshté bāsham ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ I want to have a car

 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
(tõ) dāshté bāshee ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ‬
singular
 (man) meekhām I want to ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ (shomā) meekhāynYou want ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻦ‬

plural
māsheen dāshté have a car ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ māsheen dāshté to have a ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
bāsham bāsheen car
‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬
(formal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

(tõ) meekhāy You want ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮای‬ (oonā) meekhān They want ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮان‬
māsheen dāshté to have a ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ māsheen dāshté to have a ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
singular

bāshee car bāshan car

‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬
(informal)
‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬

(oo) meekhād He/she ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاد‬

māsheen dāshté wants to ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
bāshé have a car
‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ

bāyad māsheen dāshté bāsham

I have to have a car
(mā) meekhāym We want ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﯾﻢ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
māsheen dāshté to have a ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
bāsheem car shomāré telephon
‫داﺷﺘِﻪ‬
phone number
‫ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
 ‫ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻦ‬
meetoonam shomāré telephonetō dāshté bāsham? meetooneem fardā oonjā bāsheem
Can I have your phone number? We can be there tomorrow
 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨِﺘﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﻓَﺮدا اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

meetoonee shomāré telephonamō dāshté bāshee meetooneem fardā sobhé zood oonjā bāsheem
You can have my phone number. We can be there early tomorrow morning
  ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ ﺷُ ﻤﺎرِه ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨَﻤﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ‬   ‫ﺻﺒﺢ زود اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ ﻓﺮدا‬

momkené shomāré telephonetō dāshté bāsham?

May I have your phone number? END OF LESSON 44
 ‫ﻣُﻤﮑِﻨِﻪ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﺗِﻠِﻔﻮﻧِﺘﻮ داﺷﺘِﻪ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬

meekhām khoshhāl bāsham

I want to be happy
 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ Pronunciation Guide:
meetoonam eenjā bāsham a short a like in hat
I can be here
 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬ ā long a like in not

meetooneem oonjā bāsheem é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

We can be there
 ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﻢ اوﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 hālam khoob neest.
I donʼt feel well.
‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

Lesson 45: How to Talk hālam bad-é.

I feel bad.
About Feeling Under the ‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺑَﺪِه‬
Weather and Pain, and mareezam
Parts of the Body I am sick
‫ﺮﯾﻀﻢ‬
َ َ‫ﻣ‬
khoob-am
Iʼm well chet-é?
‫ﺧﻮﺑَﻢ‬ Whatʼs wrong?
‫ﭼﺘِﻪ‬
ِ
khoob neestam
Iʼm not well dard dāree?
‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺘَﻢ‬ Do you have pain?
‫دَرد داری؟‬
hālet chetor-é?
How are you feeling? kojāt dard meekoné?
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬ Where do you have pain?
‫ﮐ ُﺠﺎت دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ؟‬
hālam khoob-é.
Iʼm feeling well. badan
‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮﺑِﻪ‬ body
 ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫ﺑ‬ poshtam dard meekoné
my back hurts
sar
‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
head
‫ﺳﺮ‬
َ sheekamam dard meekoné
my stomach hurts
pā
‫ﺷﯿﮑَﻤَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
foot/leg
‫ﭘﺎ‬ delam dard meekoné
my stomach/heart hurts
galoo
‫دِﻟَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
throat
‫ﮔَﻠﻮ‬
Leyla: hālet chetoré? ‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎﻟِﺖ‬
dast Matt: hālam khoob neest. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎ َﻟم ﺧﻮب‬
hand/arm Leyla: chetor? dard dāree? ‫داری؟‬ ‫ﻄﻮر؟ دَرد‬
ِ ‫ﭼ‬
ِ
‫دَﺳﺖ‬ Matt: aré, saram khayli dard meekoné. ‫دَرد‬ ‫ﺳﺮم ﺧﯿﻠ‬
َ ،‫آره‬
‫ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
shooné
shoulder
‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ‬ Leyla: How are you doing?
Matt: Iʼm not feeling well.
saram dard meekoné Leyla: How so? Do you have pain?
my head hurts Matt: Yes, my head really hurts.
‫ﺳﺮم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
َ
 cheshm / cheshmhā pā / pā-hā
eye / eyes foot/leg / feet/legs
‫ﭼﺸﻤﻬﺎ‬
ِ \ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﭘﺎ \ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ‬

goosh / goosh-hā
ear / ears END OF LESSON 45
‫ﮔﻮش \ ﮔﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬

damāgh
nose
‫دَﻣﺎغ‬ Pronunciation Guide:
dahan a short a like in hat
mouth
‫ﻫﻦ‬
َ َ‫د‬ ā long a like in not

shooné / shooné-hā é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

shoulder / shoulders
‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ \ ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

dast / dast-hā
hand/arm / hands/arms
‫دَﺳﺖ \ دَﺳﺘﻬﺎ‬
 ‫ﮔﻮﺷَ ﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

sar dard dāram

I have a headache

Lesson 46: More About ‫ﺳﺮ دَرد دارَم‬

َ

Pain and Illness

deldard dāram
hālam khoob neest
I have a stomachache
I donʼt feel well
‫دِل دَرد دارَم‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟَﻢ ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
galoo dard dāram
dard dāram
I have a throatache
I have pain
‫ﮔَﻠﻮ دَرد دارَم‬
‫دَرد دارَم‬
goosh dard dāram
saram dard meekoné
I have an earache
my head hurts
‫ﮔﻮش دَرد دارَم‬
‫ﺳﺮَم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
َ
sorfé
poshtam dard meekoné
cough
my back hurts
‫ﺳﺮﻓِﻪ‬
ُ
‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
delam beham khordé
goosham dard meekoné
I have a stomachache/My stomach is jumbled
my ear hurts
‫دِﻟَﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣ ﺧﻮردِه‬
 bālā ovordam ghors
I threw up pills/medicine
‫ﺑﺎﻻ اوردَم‬ ‫ﻗُﺮص‬

sookhtam balé ghorsé sardard dāreem

I burned yes, we have headache medicine
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ دَرد دارﯾﻢ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ ﻗ‬
َ ‫ﺮص‬

sargeejé dāram kerem

I am dizzy cream
‫ﺮﮔﯿﺠﻪ دارَم‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬َ ‫ﮐِﺮِم‬

feshār khoonam bālāst shalgham

my blood pressure is high turnips
‫ﻓِﺸﺎر ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷَ ﻠﻐَﻢ‬

nabāt
feshār khoonam pāyeené rock candy/sugar
my blood pressure is low ‫ﻧ َﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻓِﺸﺎر ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨِﻪ‬
ghergheré āb namak
barāyé sardard cheezee dāreem? saltwater gargle
Do we have anything for a headache? ‫ﻗِﺮﻗِﺮه آب ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬
‫ﺳﺮ درد ﭼﯿﺰی دارﯾﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺑﺮای‬
bokhoor
steam
 ‫ﺑُﺨﻮر‬ ‫زاﻧﻮ‬

zānoom dard meekoné

shooné my knee hurts
shoulder ‫زاﻧﻮم دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬
‫)ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ)ﺷﺎﻧﻪ‬

shoonam dard meekoné

my shoulder hurts
‫ﺷﻮﻧ َﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬
END OF LESSON 46

shooné dard dāram

I have a shoulder ache
‫ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ دَرد دارَم‬
Pronunciation Guide:
dastam dard meekoné
my hand/arm hurts a short a like in hat

‫دَﺳﺘَﻢ دَرد ﻣﯿﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

ā long a like in not
dast dard dāram
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
I have a hand/arm ache
‫دَﺳﺖ دَرد دارَم‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

zānoo
knee
 Leyla: noon ō paneer, meslé hameeshé.

‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬َ ‫ﺜﻞ‬
ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬

Matt: āliyé. ‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬

Lesson 47: How to Discuss
Breakfast
Leyla: Did you eat breakfast?
sobhāné Matt: Not yet.
breakfast Leyla: Should I get some tea ready?
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ Matt: Sure. What do we have to eat?
Leyla: Bread and feta, like always.
Matt: Thatʼs great.

Leyla: sobhané khordee?

hameeshé
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردی؟‬
ُ always

Matt: na hanooz nakhordam. ‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬

ِ ‫ﻫ‬َ
‫ﻧ َﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻧ َﺨﻮردَم‬ hanooz
still/yet
Leyla: chāi bezāram dorost beshé?
‫ﭼﺎی دُرُﺳﺖ ﮐُﻨَﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮز‬
َ

Matt: bāshé. khordanee chee dāreem? meslé

like
‫ ﺧﻮردَﻧ ﭼ دارﯾﻢ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻣِﺜﻠِﻪ‬
 khordanee ‫ﺳﻨﮕَﮏ‬
َ ‫ﻧﻮن‬
things to eat
sabzee
‫ﺧﻮردَﻧ‬
greens
gozāshtan ‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ
to put
gerdoo
‫ﮔُﺬاﺷﺘَﻦ‬
walnuts
noon o paneer ‫ﮔِﺮدو‬
bread and feta
haleem
‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬
oatmeal
noon o karé ‫ﺣﻠﯿﻢ‬
َ
bread and butter
asal
‫ﻧﻮن و ﮐ َﺮِه‬
honey
noon lavāsh ‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬
thin bread
tokhmé morgh
‫ﻧﻮن ﻟَﻮاش‬
egg
noon barbari ‫ﺗ ُﺨﻢ ﻣُﺮغ‬
barbari bread
kalé pāché
‫ﻧﻮن ﺑَﺮﺑَﺮی‬
sheep head and hooves
noon sangak ‫ﭘﺎﭼﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﮐ َﻠِﻪ‬
sangak bread
 sheer berenj ‫ﭼﺎی‬
milk rice
chāi bā sheer
‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑِﺮِﻧﺞ‬
tea with milk
āb bā leemoo ‫ﭼﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬
water with lemon
ghooree
‫آب ﺑﺎ ﻟﯿﻤﻮ‬
kettle
sheer ‫ﻗﻮری‬
milk
too ghooree chāi hast?
‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬
is there tea in the kettle?
āb portoghāl ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺗﻮ ﻗﻮری ﭼﺎی‬
orange juice
‫آب ﭘُﺮﺗﻘﺎل‬
END OF LESSON 47
ghahvé
coffee
‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬

ghahvé bā kerem va sheekar Pronunciation Guide:

coffee with cream and sugar
ِ ‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه ﺑﺎ ﮐِﺮِم و‬
‫ﺷﮑ َﺮ‬ a short a like in hat

chāi ā long a like in not

tea
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 Matt: khob, bé salāmati. ‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬
َ ‫ ﺑِﻪ‬،‫ﺧُﻮب‬

Leyla: Tomorrow Iʼm going to visit my family in Dallas.

Lesson 48: How To Matt: Are you going by car?
Leyla: No, with an airplane.
Discuss Travel Matt: What time is your flight?
Leyla: At nine in the morning.
Leyla: fardā meeram peeshé khānevādam dar dāllās. ‫ﻓَﺮدا‬
Matt: When do you arrive Dallas?
‫ﭘﯿﺶ ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادَه ام در داﻻس‬
ِ ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ Leyla: At ten oʼclock.
Matt: How are you getting to the airport?
Matt: bā māsheen meeree? ‫ﻣﯿﺮی؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
Leyla: Iʼm going to the airport by bus.
Leyla: na, bā havāpaymā.   ‫ﻫﻮاﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ Matt: Well, to your health!

Matt: parvāzet sāʼaté chandé? ‫ﭼﻨﺪِه؟‬

َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﭘَﺮوازِت ﺳﺎﻋ‬
havāpaymā
Leyla: sāʼaté nohé sobh. ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ airplane
‫ﻫﻮا ﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬
َ
Matt: kay meeresee dāllās? ‫داﻻس؟‬ ‫ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ‬
parvāz
Leyla: sāʼaté dah. ‫دَه‬  ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬ flight

Matt: chetor meeree foroodgāh? ‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه؟‬ ‫ﭼﻄﻮر ﻣﯿﺮی‬ ‫ﭘَﺮواز‬

ِ
foroodgāh
Leyla: bā otoboos meeram foroodgāh. ‫ﻣﯿﺮَم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اُﺗﻮﺑﻮس‬
aiport
‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬
‫ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬
 khordanee ‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺮ‬
things to eat
bā otoboos meeram foroodgāh
‫ﺧﻮردَﻧ‬
Iʼll go with a bus to the airport
reseedan ‫ﺑﺎ اﺗﻮﺑﻮس ﻣﯿﺮم ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه‬
to arrive
māsheen
‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫رِﺳﯿ‬
car
chejooree meeresee forodgāh ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬
how are you arriving at the airport
docharké
‫ﭼﻪ ﺟﻮری ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ ﻓُﺮودﮔﺎه‬
ِ
bicycle
kay meeresee? ‫ﺧﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫دو‬
when will you get here?
secharkhé
‫ﮐ ِ ﻣﯿﺮِﺳ‬
tricylce
fardā meeresam ‫ﺧﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ
Iʼm arriving tomorrow
motorcyclet
َ ِ ‫ﻓَﺮدا ﻣﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻢ‬
motorcycle
zood meeresam ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠِﺖ‬
Iʼll get there quickly
metrō
‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫زود ﻣﯿﺮ‬
subway
nemeeresam ‫ﻣِﺘﺮو‬
I wonʼt get there
heleecoopter
helicopter END OF LESSON 48
‫ﻫِﻠﯿﮑﻮﭘﺘِﺮ‬

ghāyegh
boat
‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬ Pronunciation Guide:
bé salāmati a short a like in hat
to your health
‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺘ‬ ā long a like in not
َ ‫ﺑِﻪ‬

safar khosh é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

safe travels
‫ﺳﻔَﺮ ﺧﻮش‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

havāpaymā
airplane
‫ﻫﻮا ﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬
َ
 ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

kār kardan
to work

Lesson 49: How to Talk ‫ﮐﺎرﮐ َﺮدَن‬

About Daily Routines kār meekonam

I work
doshanbé tā jomʼé
‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
Monday until Friday
‫ﻌﻪ‬
ِ ‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺟُﻤ‬
TO WORK:
shanbé tā panjshanbé
Infinitive: kār kardan
Saturday until Thursday
‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘَﻨﺠﺸَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

jomʼé tateelé
(man) kār I work ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬
Friday is off
meekonam ‫ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
‫ﻌﻪ ﺗ َ ﻄﯿﻠِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬

vasaté ha é (tõ) kār You work ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬

singular meekonee (informal)
middle of the week َ ‫ﮐُﻨ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
َ ‫ﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ َ‫و‬
(oo) kār He/she works ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬
akharé ha é meekoné ‫ﮐ ُﻨِﻪ‬
weekend
 (man) sobhāné I eat breakfast ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ
meekhoram ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
(mā) kār We work ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬
meekoneem ‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
(tõ) sobhāné You eat ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ

singular
meekhoree breakfast ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮری‬
(shomā) kār You work ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬
plural

meekoneen (formal) (informal)

‫ﮐُﻨَﯿﻦ‬
(oo) sobhāné He/she eats ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ
(oonā) kār They work ‫ﮐﺎر ﻣ‬ meekhoré breakfast ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرِه‬
meekonan ‫ﮐُﻨَﻦ‬

vasaté ha é kār meekonam

(mā) sobhāné We eat ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ
meekhoreem breakfast ‫ﻣ‬
In the middle of the week, I work
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐ ُﻨﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ َ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﻮرﯾﻢ‬

sobhāné khordan (shomā) You eat ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬

ُ

plural
to eat breakfast sobhāné breakfast ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردَن‬
ُ meekhoreen (formal)
‫ﺧﻮرﯾﻦ‬

TO EAT BREAKFAST: (oonā) sobhāné They eat ‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ‬

ُ
meekhoran breakfast ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮرَن‬
Infinitive: sobhāné khordan

‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﺧﻮردَن‬
ُ
 sāʼaté ha sobhāné meekhoram ‫اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬
I eat breakfast at 7
telephonam rooyé meezé
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
my telephone is on the table
sāʼaté chand sobhāné meekhoree? ‫روی ﻣﯿﺰِه‬
ِ ‫ﺗِﻠِﻔُﻨَﻢ‬
What time do you eat breakfast?
sāʼaté hasht az khooné meeram beeroon
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَی؟‬
ُ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I leave the house at 8
sāʼaté hasht sobhāné meekhoram ‫ﻫﺸﺖ اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣﯿﺮَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I eat breakfast at 8
sāʼaté noh meeresam edāré
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I arrive at the office at 9
man sāʼaté ha sobhāné meekhoram ‫ﺳﻢ اِدارِه‬
َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﻣ ر‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I eat breakfast at 7
nāhār khordan
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋ‬
to eat lunch
va man sāʼaté hasht sobhāné meekohram ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮردَن‬
and I eat breakfast at 8
sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫و َ ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I eat lunch at 1
sāʼaté ha o neem sobhāné meekhoram ‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I eat breakfast at 7:30
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﻔﺖ و ﻧﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
Leyla: Matt, sāʼaté chand nāhār meekhoree? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
az khooné meeram beeroon
‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮری‬
I leave the house
Matt: man ham sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram.
‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
Translation:
Leyla: Matt, what time do you eat lunch?
Matt: I also eat lunch at one.
bar gashtan
to return
‫ﺑَﺮﮔَﺸﺘَﻦ‬
sāʼaté noh meeresam edāré
I arrive at the office at 9
‫ﺳﻢ اِدارِه‬
َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﻣﯿﺮ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
sāʼaté chand bar meegardee khooné?
What time do you return home?
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑَﺮﻣﯿﮕَﺮدی ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
sāʼaté panj bar meegardam khooné
I return home at 5
‫ﺖ ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺑَﺮﻣﯿﮕَﺮدَم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
khastegee dar meekonam
I rest
‫ﻫﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﮕ دَر ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
sāʼaté hasht shām meekhoram
I eat dinner at 8
‫ﻫﺸﺖ ﺷﺎم ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
sāʼaté sheesh shām meekhoram
I eat dinner at 6
‫ﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺷﺎم ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
sāʼaté hasht o neem sobhāné meekhoram.
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ و ﻧﯿﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
sāʼaté noh az khooné meeram beeroon.
 ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ اَز ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣ رَم ﺑﯿﺮون‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
mamoolan, sāʼaté noh o neem meeresam saré kār.
 ‫ﺳﺮ ِ ﮐﺎر‬
َ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ و ﻧﯿﻢ ﻣ ر‬
ِ َ‫ﻣَﻌﻤﻮﻷ ﺳﺎﻋ‬
kam o beesh sāʼaté yek nāhār meekhoram.
 ‫ﺖ ﯾِﮏ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬
ِ َ‫ﮐ َﻢ و ﺑﯿﺶ ﺳﺎﻋ‬
taghreeban sāʼaté sheesh bar meegardam khooné.
 ‫ﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺑَﺮ ﻣﯿﮕَﺮدم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺗ َﻘﺮﯾﺒﺄ ﺳﺎﻋ‬
 maʼmoolan
usually
‫ﻣَﻌﻤﻮﻷ‬

kam o beesh
more or less
‫ﮐ َﻢ و ﺑﯿﺶ‬

taghreeban
about
‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺄ‬

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

I eat breakfast at 8:30. At 9, I leave the house. Usually, I

ā long a like in not
arrive at work at 9:30. I eat lunch more or less at 1. I return
home at about 6. é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

END OF LESSON 49
 ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﺷﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬

pā meesham
I get up

Lesson 50: More about ‫ﭘﺎ ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬

Daily Routines Leyla: matt, sāʼaté chand beedār meeshee? ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣَﺖ‬
vasaté ha é ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷ‬
the middle of the week Matt: sāʼaté hasht beedār meesham. ‫ﺑﯿﺪاز‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘَﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻂ‬
َ َ‫و‬ ‫ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬
vasaté ha é kār meekonam Leyla: va sāʼaté chand pā meeshee? ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎ ﻣ‬
َ ‫و َ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
in the middle of the week, I work ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘَﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣ ﮐًﻨَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻂ‬
َ َ‫و‬ Matt: sāʼaté hasht o neem pā meesham. ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
ِ
‫ﻧﯿﻢ ﭘﺎ ﻣﯿﺸﻢ‬
sobhāné meekhoram
I eat breakfast
‫ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﺧﻮرَم‬ Leyla: Matt, what time do you wake up?
ُ
Matt: I wake up at eight.
beedār meesham Leyla: And what time do you get up?
I wake up Matt: I get up at eight thirty.
‫ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬
doosh meegeeram
man sāʼaté sheesh beedār meesham
I take a shower
I wake up at six
‫دوش ﻣ ﮔﯿﺮَم‬
 hamām meekonam ‫ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻣﻮ ﺷﻮﻧِﻪ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
I do a bath
lebās meepoosham
‫ﺣﻤﺎم ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
َ
I wear clothes
Pronunciation note: The word for shower, hamām can also be ‫ﻟِﺒﺎس ﻣ ﭘﻮﺷَ ﻢ‬
pronounced as hamoom.
āmādé meesham
I get ready
baʼad ‫آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸَ ﻢ‬
a er/then
‫ﺑَ ﺪ‬ barāyé beeroon ra an āmādé meesham
I get ready to go out
ārāyesh meekonam ‫ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺮون رَﻓﺘَﻦ آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸﻢ‬
ِ
I do my makeup
‫آراﯾﺶ ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ barāyé khāb āmādé meesham
I get ready for sleep
eslāh meekonam ‫ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮاب آﻣﺎده ﻣﯿﺸَ ﻢ‬
ِ
I shave
‫اِﺻﻼح ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ khābam meebaré
I fall asleep (sleep takes me)
dandoonāmo mesvāk meekonam ‫ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ ﻣ ﺑَﺮه‬
I brush my teeth
‫دَﻧﺪوﻧ َﻤﻮ ﻣﺴﻮاک ﻣ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬ sāʼaté dah meekhābam
I go to sleep at ten
moohāmō shooné meekonam ‫ﺖ دَه ﻣ ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬
I brush my hair
 sāʼaté noh barāyé khāb āmādé meesham
Leyla: Matt, what time do you wake up?
I get ready for sleep at nine
Matt: I wake up at nine
‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﺑَﺮای ﺧﻮاب آﻣﺎدِه ﻣ ﺷَ ﻢ‬ Leyla: Do you take a shower or bath?
Matt: I take a shower.
Leyla: A er dinner, do you study?
va sāʼaté yāzdah khābam meebaré
Matt: Yes, I study.
and I fall asleep at eleven
‫ﺖ ﯾﺎزدَه ﺧﻮاﺑَﻢ ﻣ ﺑَﺮِه‬
ِ َ‫و ﺳﺎﻋ‬

END OF LESSON 50
Leyla: matt, sāʼaté chand beedār meeshee? ‫ﺖ‬
ِ َ‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬  ‫ﻣَﺖ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ ﺷ‬
َ
Matt: sāʼaté noh beedār meesham. ‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ ﻧ ُﻪ ﺑﯿﺪار ﻣ‬
‫ﺷَ ﻢ‬
Leyla: doosh meegeeree yā hamoom meekoné? ‫دوش ﻣ‬ Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺣﻤﻮم ﻣ ﮐﻨ‬
َ ‫ﮔﯿﺮَی ﯾﺎ‬ a short a like in hat
Matt: doosh meegeeram. ‫ﮔﯿﺮَم‬ ‫دوش ﻣ‬
ā long a like in not
Leyla: baʼad az shām dars meekhoonee? ‫درس‬ ‫ﺑ ﺪ ازﺷﺎم‬
َ ‫ﻣ ﺧﻮﻧ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Matt: balé, dars meekhoonam. ‫ﺧﻮﻧ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ دَرس ﻣ‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 na, merci
no, thank you
‫ ﻣﺮﺳ‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬

Lesson 51: Introducing na, mamnoonam

no, thank you
'Ta'arof' ‫ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬
taʼarof
zahmat nakesh
custom of etiquette in Iranian culture
donʼt go to the trouble
‫ﺗ ﺎرف‬
‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺶ‬
What is taʼarof? Taʼarof is an extremely important concept in
Iranian culture, and if you plan to be interacting with
zahmatee neest
someone with ties to Iranian culture, you should be familiar
donʼt go to the trouble
with its intricacies. Itʼs basically the Iranian code of etiquette,
‫زَﺣﻤﺘ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
and the way Iranians ineract with one another regardless of
age, social standing or gender. It can also be described as an
Leyla: salām matt, khosh āmadee. chāi meekhoree?  ‫ﺳﻼم‬
َ
extreme form of politeness.
‫ ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬.‫ ﺧﻮش آﻣَﺪی‬،‫ﻣَﺖ‬
Matt: na, khayli mamnoonam. ‫ ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮﻧ َﻢ‬،‫ﻧ َﻪ‬
TA’AROF WHILE BEING HOSTED Leyla: cherā, barāt chāi beeyāram. ‫ ﺑَﺮات ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرم‬،‫ﭼﺮا‬
ِ
chai meekhoree? Matt: na, merci. zahmat nakesh. ‫ زﺣﻤﺖ ﻧﮑﺶ‬، ‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺳ‬
will you have tea? Leyla: tārof nakon, zahmatee neest. ‫ زﺣﻤﺘ‬،‫ﺗ ﺎرف ﻧﮑﻦ‬
‫ﭼﺎی ﻣﯿﺨﻮری؟‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
Matt: na bé khodā, lotfan besheen. ً ‫ ﻟﻄﻔﺎ‬،‫ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﺮات‬
‫ﺑﺸﯿﻦ‬
barāt chāi beeyāram
Leyla: befarma, een ham chāi.  ‫ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺎی‬،‫ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎ‬ let me bring tea for you
Matt: bah bah, khayli mamnoon. ‫ ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣﻤﻨﻮن‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮات ﭼﺎی ﺑﯿﺎرَم‬

tārof nakon
donʼt tārof
Leyla: Hello Matt, welcome. Would you like tea? ‫ﺗ ﺎرف ﻧ َﮑ ُﻦ‬
Matt: No, thank you very much.
na bé khodā
Leyla: Yes, let me bring you tea.
no, for the love of god
Matt: No thanks, donʼt go through the trouble.
Leyla: Donʼt tārof, itʼs no trouble. ‫ ﺑِﻪ ﺧُﺪا‬،‫ﻧﻪ‬
Matt: No, for the love of god, sit down.
Cultural note: Just like in western culture, Iranians have many
Leyla: Here you go, hereʼs some.
religious seeming phrases that are o en used in regular
Matt: Mmm, thanks so much.
speech, and in this context are secular in nature. The phrase
above is similar to the English equivalent ʻfor the love of godʼ
or ʻby god.ʼ
cherā
lotfan besheen
yes (in response to a no)
please sit
‫ﭼﺮا‬
‫ﻟُﺘﻔَﺎ ً ﺑِﺸﯿﻦ‬
barāt
for you
 END OF LESSON 51 ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 zahmat nakesh
donʼt go through the trouble
‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﻧ َﮑِﺶ‬

Lesson 52: Navigating seeram

Iʼm full
'Tā'arof' in Different Social ‫ﺳﯿﺮَم‬
Situations vālā
khayli mamnoon really
thanks so much ‫واﻻ‬
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬
seeram vālā
What is taʼarof? Taʼarof is an extremely important concept in really, Iʼm full
Iranian culture, and if you plan to be interacting with ‫ﺳﯿﺮَم واﻻ‬
someone with ties to Iranian culture, you should be familiar
nemeetoonam beeshtar bokhoram
with its intricacies. Itʼs basically the Iranian code of etiquette,
adn the way Iranians ineract with one another regardless of I canʼt eat more

age, social standing or gender. It can also be described as an ‫ﻧِﻤﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘَﺮ ﺑُﺨﻮرَم‬
extreme form of politeness.
dasté shomā dard nakoné
I hope your hand

TA’AROF WHILE BEING ‫ﺳﺖ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

ِ َ‫د‬
HOSTED: khoshmazé
delicious
  ‫ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰِه‬ Cultural note: When it comes to splitting the bill, Iranians see
it as a source of pride. Whether eating with friends or family, it
khayli khoshmazé bood is always a contest to see who can get to the bill first and treat
it was delicious the others. O en times, one member of the party will slip the
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧﻮش ﻣَﺰه ﺑﻮد‬
ِ waiter or waitress the payment before the bill even arrives so
that there isnʼt an argument in the end. Youʼll o en see quite
saré shomā dard nakoné
loud, sometimes physical arguments taking place when the
I hope your head doesnʼt hurt
bill does arrive at the end of the meal.
‫ﺳﺮ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨﻪ‬
َ

āli bood
TA’AROF WHEN GIVING A
it was wonderful
COMPLIMENT:
‫ﻋﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬
peeshkesh
‫ﭘﯿﺸﮑِﺶ‬
TA’AROF WHILE SPLITTING THE
BILL: Cultural note: peesh kesh refers to the act of offering oneʼs
belongings when they are complimented by another person.
nemeeshé For instance, youʼll tell someone ʻI like your shoesʼ and theyʼll
itʼs not possible
reply by saying ʻHave them then- theyʼd look better on you
‫ﻤﯿﺸﻪ‬
ِ ِ‫ﻧ‬ anyway!ʼ. Please note that theyʼre not literally offering to give
you their shoes- they are just being polite. Sometimes, they
nobaté mané
just reply with the word peesh kesh which basically means
itʼs my turn
ʻtake them- theyʼre yoursʼ.
‫ﺖ ﻣَﻨﻪ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻧﻮﺑ‬
TA’AROF WHEN AT A STORE: Shopkeeper: No, please, take it
Customer: Thank you, thatʼs not possible. How much is it?
ghabelé shomā rō nadāré
itʼs not worthy of you
‫ﻞ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ را ﻧ َﺪارِه‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬
mazerat meekhām
excuse me
moshtaree: salām- mazerat meekhām, ghaymaté een
،‫ ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬-‫ﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻣَﻌﺬِرَت ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬
paneer chandé? َ :‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬
َ ‫ﺖ اﯾﻦ ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬
ِ َ‫ﻗﯿﻤ‬ ghābelé shomā rō nadāré
sāheb maghāzé: ghābelé shomā rō nadāré. :‫ﻣﻘﺎزه‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ itʼs not worthy of you
‫ﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ را ﻧ َﺪاره‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ رو ﻧ َﺪاره‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬
moshtaree: na, khāhesh meekonam, chandé? ،‫ﻧﻪ‬ :‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬
Cultural note: This is another seemingly extreme, yet
َ ،‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬ common, use of tārof in Iranian culture. When making a
sāheb maghāzé: na, befarmāyeen. ،‫ﻧﻪ‬: ‫ﺣﺐ ﻣﻘﺎزه‬
ِ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ financial transactions, things are rarely straightforward as
‫ﺑﻔﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬ they are in the west. Rather, when you ask how much
moshtaree: khayli mamnoon, magé meeshé? ghaymatesh something is, youʼre told that the item is not worthy of you,

chandé? ‫ ﻣَﮕﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻪ؟ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﺶ‬،‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﻣَﻤﻨﻮن‬

ِ :‫ﻣُﺸﺘَﺮی‬ that you neednʼt bother paying. Donʼt be fooled however- the
shopkeeper fully expects you to pay and will o en quote you
‫ﭼﻨﺪه؟‬
a price that is much higher than the time is actually worth,
forcing you to them play a reverse game of negotiating the
Customer: Hello- excuse me, how much is this cheese? price down.
Shopkeeper: It is not worthy of you (donʼt worry about it).
Customer: No, please, How much?
END OF LESSON 52
 ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Pronunciation Guide:
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
a short a like in hat
 ِ‫اِﺣﺗِرام ﺑَﺮای ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬

bebakhsheed poshtam behetoon-é

sorry my back is to you

Lesson 53: Respect in the ‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ ﺑِﻬِﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬

Persian Culture
COMBINING TO + SUBJECT:
ehterām
respect bé tō behet to you (informal)
‫اِﺣﺘِﺮام‬
‫ﺑِﻪ ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﺑِﻬِﺖ‬
Cultural note: The concept of ehterām, or respect, is key in
Persian culture, and in order to interact with an Iranian bé man behem to me

household, you need to be familiar with it. Tārof, the code of

‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ‬ ‫ﺑِﻬِﻢ‬
etiquette in Persian culture, is a form of ehterām.

bé oon behesh to him/her

TYPES OF RESPECT: ‫ﺑِﻪ اون‬ ‫ﺑِﻬِﺶ‬

ehterām barāyé bozorgtar
respect for elders
‫اِﺣﺘِﺮام ﺑَﺮای ﺑُﺰُرﮔﺘَﺮ‬ bé shomā behetoon to you (formal/plural)

ehterām barāyé khānevādé ‫ﺑِﻪ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻬِﺘﻮن‬

respect for the family
 bé mā behemoon to us behetoon ketāb I gave a book to you
dādam (formal/plural)
‫ﺑِﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑِﻬِﻤﻮن‬
‫ﺑ ِﻬِﺘﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬
bé oonā beheshoon to them
behemoon ketāb You gave a book to us
‫ﺑِﻪ اوﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑِﻬِﺸﻮن‬
dādee

‫ﺑِﻬِﻤﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَی‬

beheshoon ketāb I gave a book to them

dādam
example sentences:
‫ﺑِﻬِﺸﻮن ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬
behet ketāb dādam I gave a book to you
(informal)
‫ﺑِﻬِﺖ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬

behem ketāb dādee You gave a book to me

‫ﺑِﻬِﻢ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادی‬

behesh ketāb I gave a book to him/her sample conversation:

dādam Person 1: bebakhsheed poshtam behetoon-é. ‫ﺑِﺒَﺨﺸﯿﺪ‬

‫ﭘُﺸﺘَﻢ ﺑِﻬِﺘﻮﻧِﻪ‬
‫ﺑِﻬِﺶ ﮐِﺘﺎب دادَم‬
Person 2: khāhesh meekonam, rāhat bāsh ‫ﺣﺶ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻮا‬
َ ‫ را‬،‫ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺖ ﺑﺎش‬
 lotf dāreen
youʼre too kind
‫ﻟُﻄﻒ دارﯾﻦ‬
translation:
Person 1: Iʼm sorry my back is to you. cheshm khordan
Person 2: Donʼt worry about it (please), be comfortable. being given the evil eye
‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮردَن‬
ِ
rāhat bāsh
be comfortable (donʼt worry about it) cheshmesh nazaneem

‫ﺣﺖ ﺑﺎش‬ letʼs not give it the evil eye

َ ‫را‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤِﺶ ﻧَﺰَﻧﯿﻢ‬
ِ

HOW TO DEAL WITH

COMPLIMENTS: END OF LESSON 53
Cultural note: In Persian culture, itʼs rude to simpy accept a
compliment by saying ʻthank youʼ. Rather, tārof plays a big
role in how you react when someone says something nice to
you. Itʼs customary to skirt around the issue to show that you
Pronunciation Guide:
are humble and modest. The following phrases allow you to
do this. a short a like in hat

cheshmātoon ghashang meebeené ā long a like in not

your eyes see nicely
‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﺗﻮن ﻗَﺸَ ﻨﮓ ﻣﯿﺒﯿﻨِﻪ‬
ِ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 meaning: you were missed
‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟ ﺑﻮد‬

jātoon sabz bood

Lesson 54: Common literally: your place was green (formal)

meaning: you were missed
Persian Sayings and ‫ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻮد‬
َ ‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن‬
Expressions jātoon sabzé
literally: your place is green (formal)
ON MISSING AND BEING meaning: you are missed

MISSED: ‫ﺳﺒﺰه‬
َ ‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن‬

jātoon khāliyé khasté nabāshee

literally: your place is empty (formal) literally: donʼt be tired (informal)
meaning: you were missed meaning: youʼve worked so hard
‫ﺟﺎﺗﻮن ﺧﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺧَﺴﺘﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷ‬

jāt khāliyé dastet dard nakoné

literally: your place is empty (informal) literally: I hope your hand doesnʼt hurt (informal)
meaning: you were missed meaning: thank you!
‫ﺟﺎت ﺧﺎﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫دَﺳﺘِﺖ دَرد ﻧ َﮑ ُﻨِﻪ‬

jāt khāli bood na bābā

literally: your place was empty (informal) literally: no father
 meaning: no way meaning: all right, good job
‫ﻧ َﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫دَﻣﺖ ﮔَﺮم‬

na vālā saramō bordee

literally: no to god literally: you took my head (informal)
meaning: no, really meaning: you talk too much
‫ﻧ َﻪ واﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺮَم را ﺑُﺮدی‬
َ

chashm khāk bar saret

literally: eye literally: dirt on your head (informal)
meaning: ok meaning: (something not nice in English...)
‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺳﺮِت‬
َ ‫ﺧﺎک ﺑَﺮ‬

bā namak khāk bar saram

literally: with salt literally: dirt on my head
meaning: funny, charming person meaning: (something not nice in English...)
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮَم‬
َ ‫ﺧﺎک ﺑَﺮ‬

bee namak khar

literally: without salt literally: donkey
meaning: a boring, flavorless person meaning: idiot
‫ﺑﯽ ﻧَﻤَﮏ‬ ‫ﺧَﺮ‬

damet garm khayli kharee

literally: may your breath be warm literally: youʼre really a donkey (informal)
 meaning: youʼre such an idiot ‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ‬
َ
‫ﺧﯿﻠ ﺧَﺮی‬
ِ

magé man kharam END OF LESSON 54

literally: What, am I a donkey?
meaning: am I an idiot?
‫ﻣَﮕﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﺧَﺮَم‬

khar too kharé Pronunciation Guide:

literally: thereʼs a donkey inside a donkey
meaning: things are crazy a short a like in hat
‫ﺧَﺮ ﺗﻮ ﺧَﺮِه‬
ā long a like in not
hamé cheez khar too kharé
literally: everything is donkey inside a donkey é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
meaning: everything is crazy here
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
‫ﻫﻤِﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺧَﺮ ﺗﻮ ﺧَﺮِه‬
َ

hamé cheez
everything
 ‫ﺣﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻣُﺰا‬

mozāhem nabāsheem
Donʼt let us be any trouble

Lesson 55: The Etiquette ‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬

of Being Hosted mozāhem nabāsham

I donʼt want to be any trouble
befarmāyeen manzel
‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷَ ﻢ‬
please come over
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﻣَﻨﺰِل‬ een harfa cheeyé?
whatʼs the meaning of this?
befarmāyeen besheeneen
ِ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ﭼﯿﻪ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
please sit
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺑِﺸﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ mozāhem neesteen
youʼre no trouble
manzelé man
‫ﻣُزاﺣِم ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
my house
‫ﻣَﻨﺰِل ﻣَﻦ‬ lotfan befarmāyeen
please come in
manzelé mā
‫ﻟُﻄﻔﺎ ً ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ‬
our house
‫ﻣَﻨﺰل ﻣﺎ‬ dasté khālee
empty handed
mozāhem
‫ﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻟ‬
ِ َ‫د‬
in the way
 dasté por ‫رو ﺑﻮﺳ‬
full handed
zahmat kam koneem
‫ﺳﺖ ﭘُﺮ‬
ِ َ‫د‬
letʼs lessen the burden
gol ‫زَﺣﻤَﺖ ﮐ َﻢ ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
flower
yavāsh
‫ﮔُﻞ‬
slowy
sheereenee ‫ﯾَﻮاش‬
pastries
yavāsh yavāsh pā sheem
‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬
letʼs slowly slowly get up
khodet golee ‫ﯾَﻮاش ﯾَﻮاش ﭘﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬
you are a flower
feylan neshasteen
‫ﺧﻮدِت ﮔُﻠ‬
youʼre sitting for now
khosh āmadeen ‫ﻓِﻌﻶ ً ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬
you are welcome
‫ﺧﻮش اﻣَﺪﯾﻦ‬
END OF LESSON 55
befarmāyeen too
please come in
‫ﺑِﻔَﺮﻣﺎﯾﻦ ﺗﻮ‬

roo boosy Pronunciation Guide:

kissing faces
a short a like in hat é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ā long a like in not ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 Leyla: chris ham khoobé. oon ham salām meeresooné. ‫ﮐرﯾس‬
ِ ‫ اون َھم َﺳﻼم‬.‫ﺧوﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻣﯾرﺳو َﻧﮫ‬ ِ ‫َھم‬

Lesson 56: The Etiquette

ring, ring
for Talking on the Phone Matt: Hello?

MAKING CONVERSATION: Leyla: Hi Matt, itʼs Leyla.

Matt: Hi Leyla!
alō Leyla: Hello! Are you well (good)?
hello Matt: Iʼm well, thank you! Are you well (good)?
‫اَﻟﻮ‬ Leyla: Good, thanks! Ladan, Kimiya, are they well (good)?
Matt: Yes, they say hello!
ring, ring Leyla: May they be healthy.
Matt: alo? ‫اَﻟو؟‬ Matt: Is Chris well (good)?
Leyla: salām matt, leyla hastam ‫ ﻟِﯾﻼ َھﺳ َﺗم‬،‫َﺳﻼم َﻣت‬ Leyla: He is good too. He also says hello.
Matt: salām, leylā. ‫َﺳﻼم ﻟِﯾﻼ‬
Leyla: salām! khoob hastee? ‫َﺳﻼم! ﺧوب َھﺳﺗﯽ؟‬
Matt: khoobam, merci! tō khoobee? ‫ ﺗو ﺧوﺑﯽ؟‬،‫ﺧو َﺑم ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬
salām beresoon
Leyla: khoob, merci! lādan, kimiyā, khooban? !‫ﺧوب ﻣِرﺳﯽ‬
‫ ﺧو َﺑن؟‬،‫ ﮐﯾﻣﯾﺎ‬،‫ﻻدَ ن‬ send my hello

Matt: āré, salām meeresoonan! ‫ﻣﯾرﺳو َﻧن‬ ،‫آرِه‬  ‫ﺳﻼم ﺑِﺮِﺳﻮن‬

َ
ِ ‫َﺳﻼم‬
Leyla: salāmat, bashan. ‫َﺳﻼ َﻣت ﺑﺎ َﺷن‬
salām meeresoonan
Matt: chris khoobé? ‫ﺧوﺑﮫ؟‬
ِ ‫ﮐرﯾس‬ they say hello
 ‫ﺳﻼم ﻣﯿﺮِﺳﻮﻧ َﻦ‬
َ sense- one is to say sohbat bokonam. But o en in
conversation, the ʻboʼ is dropped and it simply becomes
salāmat bāshan sohbat konam. So to ask ʻmay I speakʼ, you simply say sohbat
may they be healthy konam. So, meetoonam sohbat konam is may I speak. To add
‫ﺳﻼﻣَﺖ ﺑﺎﺷَ ﻦ‬
َ a specific person, you say meetoonam bā ______ sohbat
konam.

Note: The process of starting a phone conversation and all the TO SPEAK:
exchanged pleasantries that follow is called ahvāl porsee.
Infinitive: sohbat kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬
ُ

Present stem: sohbat kon ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬

ُ
khasté nabāsheed
may you not be tired
(man) sohbat I speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
‫ﺧَﺴﺘِﻪ ﻧ َﺒﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬
konam ‫ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬

meetonam sohbat konam (tō) sohbat kon You speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ُ

may I speak (informal) ‫ﮐ ُﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﯿﺘﻮﻧ َﻢ‬
(oo) sohbat koné He/she speaks ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
‫ﮐ ُﻨﻪ‬
Note: sohbat kardan is the verb for to speak. However, when
youʼre asking to speak to someone on the phone, you use the (mā) sohbat We speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ
present or future tense to ask. There are two ways to koneem ‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻢ‬
conjugate sohbat kardan in the present tense in the informal
(shomā) sohbat You (all) speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ Matt: khob, hālā meetonam ba chris sobat konam? ‫ ھﺎﻻ‬،‫ﺧوب‬
koneen (formal) ‫ﮐ ُﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯾﺗو َﻧم ﺑﺎ ﮐرﯾس ﺻُﺣ َﺑت ُﮐ َﻧم؟‬
Leyla: albaté, gooshee rō negah dār, beram sedāsh
(oonā) sohbat They speak ‫ﺻﺤﺒَﺖ‬ ُ konam. ‫ ِﺑ َرم ﺻِ داش ُﮐ َﻧم‬،‫ ﮔوﺷﯽ رو ِﻧﮑَﮫ دار‬،‫اﻟ َﺑﺗﮫ‬
konan ‫ﮐ ُﻨﻦ‬

Matt: Ok, now could I speak to Chris?

gooshee rō negah dār Leyla: Of course, hold the phone, Iʼll go call (get) him.
hold the phone
‫ﮔﻮﺷ رو ﻧِﮕَﻪ دار‬
albaté
yek lahzé
of course
one moment
‫اَﻟﺒَﺘِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﯾِﮏ ﻟَﺤ‬
‫ﻈﻪ‬
motasefāné
sabr kon
unfortunately
wait
‫ﺻﺒﺮﮐ ُﻦ‬ ِ َ ‫ﻣُﺘِﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺎﻧِﻪ‬
َ
payghām bezāram?
beram sedāsh konam
can I leave a message?
Iʼll go call her
‫ﭘﯿ ﺎم ﺑِﺬارَم‬
‫ﺻﺪاش ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺑِﺮَم‬
 badan zang meezanam
Iʼll call later
‫ﺑ َ ﺪا ً زَﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﺰَﻧ َﻢ‬

khoshhāl shodam
I became happy
َ ُ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل ﺷ‬
‫ﺪم‬ Pronunciation Guide:
Note: khoshhāl shodam literally means ʻI became happy,ʼ but a short a like in hat
in this context is used to mean something like ʻtalking to you
made me happy,ʼ and is a common pleasantry used a er ā long a like in not

talking to someone.
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
ghorbānat
I would sacrifice myself for you ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻗُﺮﺑﺎﻧ َﺖ‬
 (tō) esdevāj You got married ‫اِزدِواج‬
kardee (informal) ‫ﮐ َﺮدی‬

(oo) esdevāj kard He/she got married ‫اِزدِواج‬

Lesson 57: Proposals, ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬
Marriages and Weddings
(mā) esdevāj We got married ‫اِزدِواج‬
aroosi
kardeem ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻢ‬
wedding
‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬
(shomā) esdevāj You (all) got married ‫اِزدِواج‬
ezdevāj kardeen (formal) ‫ﮐ َﺮدﯾﻦ‬
marriage
‫اِزدِواج‬ (oonā) esdevāj They got married ‫اِزدِواج‬
kardan ‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
ezdevāj kardan
getting married
khāstegāree
‫اِزدِواج ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
proposal
‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘِﮕﺎری‬
TO GET MARRIED:
khāstan
(man) esdevāj I got married ‫اِزدِواج‬ to want
kardam ‫ﮐ َﺮدَم‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘَﻦ‬
 almās sofreyé aghd
diamond ceremony table
‫اَﻟﻤﺎس‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮِه ِ ﻋَﻘﺪ‬
ُ

angoshtar balé
ring yes
‫اَﻧﮕُﺸﺘَﺮ‬ ‫ﺑَﻠﻪ‬

doomād
angoshtaré almās groom
diamond ring ‫دوﻣﺎد‬
‫اَﻧﮕُﺸﺘَﺮ ِ اَﻟﻤﺎس‬
aroos
nāmzad bride
fiancé ‫ﻋَﺮوس‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد‬
aroosi
nāmzadee wedding
engagement ‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَدی‬
mehmoonee
aghd party
ceremony ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ‬
‫ﻋَﻘﺪ‬
mehmooneeyé mofasal
epic party
 َ َ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﻮﻧ ِ ﻣُﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬

mofasal
epic Pronunciation Guide:
َ َ‫ﻣُﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬
a short a like in hat
shāmé mofasal
ā long a like in not
epic dinner

َ َ‫م ﻣُﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

END OF LESSON 57
 koodak
child
‫ﮐﻮدَک‬

Lesson 58: Babies

PREGNANCY AND GIVING
baché BIRTH:
child
hāmelé
‫ﭽﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺑ‬
pregnant
nozād ‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﻪ‬
newborn
hāmelegee
‫ﻧﻮزاد‬
pregnancy
zāyeedan ‫ﺣﺎﻣِﻠِﮕ‬
to give birth
man hāmelam
‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫زاﯾﯿ‬
Iʼm pregnant
neenee ‫ﻣَﻦ ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﻢ‬
baby
zanam hāmelast
‫ﻧ ﻧ‬
my wife is pregnant
neenee koochooloo ‫زَﻧ َﻢ ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﻢ‬
little baby
zanam chāhār māh hāmelast
‫ﻧ ﻧ ﮐﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ‬
my wife is four months pregnant
 ‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺎه ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﺲ‬
ِ ‫زَﻧ َﻢ‬
man dar beemārestān vazé haml kardam
I gave birth in a hospital
lādan sheesh māh hāmelast
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﮐ َﺮدَم‬
َ ‫ﺿﻊ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻣَﻦ دَر ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن و‬
Ladan is six months pregnant
‫ﻻدَن ﺷﯿﺶ ﻣﺎه ﺣﺎﻣِﻠَﺲ‬ bedonyā oomadan
to be born
bār dār
‫ﺪم‬
َ َ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ آﻣ‬
pregnant
‫ﺑﺎر دار‬ donyā
world
zāyemān
‫دُﻧﯿﺎ‬
giving birth
‫زاﯾِﻤﺎن‬ deerooz bedonyā oomad
he/she was born yesterday
zāyeshgāh
‫دﯾﺮوز ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬
place to give birth
‫زاﯾِﺸﮕﺎه‬ kay bedonyā oomad?
when was he/she born?
beemārestān
‫ﮐ ِ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ؟‬
hospital
‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎرِﺳﺘﺎن‬ rooz dar austin bedonyā oomad
Rooz was born in Austin
vazé haml
‫روز دَر آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬
giving birth
‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺿﻪ‬
ِ َ‫و‬ kimiyā ham dar austin bedonyā oomad
Kimiya was also born in Austin
 ‫ﻫﻢ دَر آﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﺑِﺪُﻧﯿﺎ اوﻣَﺪ‬
َ  ‫ﮐﯿﻤﯿﺎ‬ (oonā) bedonyā They were born ‫دُﻧﯿﺎ‬‫ﺑِﻪ‬
oomadan ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬
TO BE BORN:
Infinitive: bedonyā oomadan ‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬ ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ Leyla: kimiyā kojā bedonyā oomad?
Matt: kimiyā dar āustin bedonyā oomad.
Past stem: bedonyā oomad ‫آﻣَﺪ‬ ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ Leyla: ārmān chetor?
Matt: ārman dar dāllās bedonyā oomad.
(man) bedonyā I was born ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬
oomadam ‫ﺪم‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬

(tō) bedonyā You were born ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ Leyla: Where was Kimiya born?
oomadee (formal) ‫ﺪی‬
َ َ‫آﻣ‬ Matt: Kimiya was born in Austin.
Leyla: What about Arman?
(oo) bedonyā He/she was ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ آﻣَﺪ‬ Matt: Arman was born in Dallas.
oomad born

(mā) bedonyā We were born  ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬

oomadeem ‫آﻣَﺪﯾﻢ‬
TERMS OF ENDEAREMENT:
(shomā) bedonyā You (all) were ‫ﺑِﻪ دُﻧﯿﺎ‬ moosh
oomadeen born ‫آﻣَﺪﯾﺪ‬ mouse
‫ﻣﻮش‬
 joojé lālāyee
baby bird lulluby
‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻻﻻﯾﯽ‬

lālāyee khoondan
nāz singing lullabys
sweet/dear ‫ﺪن‬
َ ‫ﻻﻻﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧ‬
‫ﻧﺎز‬

nāz kardan BABY GEAR:

sweetly petting
doroshké
‫ﻧﺎز ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
stroller
nāzee ‫دُرُﺷﮑِﻪ‬
sweetie
sheer
‫ﻧﺎزی‬
milk
azeez ‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬
dear
sheeré mādar
‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰ‬
motherʼs milk

azeezam ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ِ ﻣﺎدَر‬

my dear
botreeyé sheer
‫ﻋﺰﯾﺰَم‬
bottle of milk
‫ﺑﻄﺮی ﺷﯿﺮ‬
ِ
 ā long a like in not
END OF LESSON 58
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 tahdeeg
bottom of the pot (crispy rice)
‫ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮓ‬

Lesson 59: Persian Food ghāshogh

spoon
ghazā ‫ﻗﺎﺷُ ﻖ‬
food
changāl
‫ﻏَﺬا‬
fork
zafaroon ‫ﭼﻨﮕﺎل‬
َ
saffron
‫زَﻋﻔَﺮان‬ kārd
knife
zarchoobé ‫ﮐﺎرد‬
turmeric
khoreshé fesenjoon
‫زَردﭼﻮﺑِﻪ‬
fesenjoon
polo va khoresh ‫ﺴﻨﺠﻮن‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺧﻮرِش ﻓ‬
rice and stew
khoreshé bādemjoon
‫ﭘُﻠﻮ و ﺧﻮرِش‬
eggplant stew
khoreshé ghormé sabzi ‫ﺧﻮرِش ﺑﺎدِﻣﺠﺎن‬
ghormeh sabzi (green stew)
‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬ chelō kabob
َ ‫ﺧﻮرِش ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬
kabob and rice
 ‫ﭼﻠﻮ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬
ِ
END OF LESSON 59
joojé kabob
chicken kabob
‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬
ِ

joojé kabob bā ostokhoon

Pronunciation Guide:
chicken kabob with bone
‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﮐ َﺒﺎب ﺑﺎ اُﺳﺘُﺨﻮان‬
ِ a short a like in hat

sardee va garmee ā long a like in not

hotness and coldness
‫ﺳﺮدی و ﮔَﺮﻣ‬
َ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

nooshé jān ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

may it nourish your soul
‫ﻧﻮش ﺟﺎن‬
 a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

Lesson 60: Transition to é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Persian Poetry ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
 Sohrab Sepehri is one of Iranʼs most revered modern poets. He
was born in 1928 in the city of Kashan, which he o en refers to in
his poetry, and died in Tehran in 1980 from complications from
leukemia. In addition to being a master poet, he was a master

Lesson 61: Sohrab Sepehri - contemporary artist as well. In both his poetry and art, his
favorite subject was nature and core human values. Like many
Dar Golestāné Introduction famous Persian poets, he was well versed in Sufism, the mystical
For the guide of this lesson, we will present the original Persian sect of Islam, but he was also extremely knowledgeable in other
text of the portion of the poem in its entirety, followed by the traditions as well, such as Buddhism, transcendentalism, and
phonetic English version of the poem in its entirety so you can mysticism in general. He o en weaves mystic philosophies
follow along. A erwards, we will provide a translation of the throughout his poetry.
poem line by line. Please remember this lesson is simply the intro
Dar Golestan is one of his most famous poems, and is a poem
to the poem. In the next few lessons, we will be learning all the
about the triumph and endurance of life and those that live it.
vocabulary associated with this poem along with other words
and phrases you might need to know to understand it. ‫دَر ﮔُﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬
For now, simply read along with the poem and try to understand
‫ﭼﻪ ﻓَﺮاخ‬
ِ ‫دَﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
the feeling and sentiments behind the words. In the following
weeks, try to memorize the portions of the poem we will be going ‫ﭼﻪ ﺑُﻠَﻨﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
over.
‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋَﻠَﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬ ُ
ِ ‫دَر ﮔﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ABOUT THE POET:
...
 ‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard.

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ dar delé man cehezee hast, meslé yek beesheyé noor, meslé
‫آری‬ khābé damé sobh
‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬ va chenān beetābam, ké delam meekhāhad
bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā saré kooh.
 ‫ﺧﻮاب دَم‬
ِ ‫ﺜﻞ‬
ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫ﺜﻞ ﯾِﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬
ِ ِ ‫ ﻣ‬،‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬ doorhā āvāyeest, ké marā meekhānad
‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ
dar golestāné
َ ‫ ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‬ ِ ‫و‬ in the place of flowers
‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬
َ ‫ ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬
َ ِ‫ﺑ‬
‫دَر ﮔُﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬،‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬
dashthāyee ché farākh
meadows so vast
dar golestāné ‫دَ ﺷت ھﺎﯾﯽ ِﭼﮫ َﻓراخ‬

dashthāyee ché farāgh koohhāyee ché boland

mountains so high
koohhāyee ché boland
‫ﭼﻪ ﺑُﻠﻨﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad
dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad
... in the place of flowers, there was such a smell of grass
‫ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋَﻠَﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬ ُ
zendegee khālee neest ِ ‫دَر ﮔﻠِﺴﺘﺎﻧِﻪ‬
mehrabānee hast, seeb hast, eemān hast.
āree
 zendegee bāyad kard
zendegee khālee neest one must live
life is not empty ‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬
‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
dar delé man cheezee hast
mehrabānee hast in my heart, there is something
there is kindness ‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬
meslé yek beesheyé noor
like a grove of light
seeb hast ‫ﺜﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬
ِ ِ‫ﻣ‬
there are apples
meslé khābé damé sobh
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬
like the sleep of the early morning
eemān hast ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺜﻞ ﺧﻮاب دَم‬
ِ ِ‫ﻣ‬
there is faith
va chenān beetābam
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻤﺎن‬
and I am so restless/impatient
āree ‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬
ِ ‫و‬
yes
ké delam meekhāhad
‫آری‬
that my heart wants to
tā shaghāyegh hast َ ‫ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬
‫ﻫﺪ‬
as long as there are poppies
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬
 bedavam tā tahé dasht ‫ﮔِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬
run to the end of the meadow
‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬
َ ِ‫ﺑ‬

beravam tā saré kooh

go to the top of the mountain
Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬
َ ‫ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬ a short a like in hat

doorhā āvāyeest
ā long a like in not
in the distance there is a voice
‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ké marā meekhānad
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
that is calling me
 zendegee
life
‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ‬
Lesson 62: Sohrab Sepehri
khālee
- Dar Golestāné, Part 2 empty
In this lesson, we go over the ʻmiddle sectionʼ of our selection ‫ﺧﺎﻟ‬
of this poem. We covered the general meaning and feelings of
neest
the poem in the last lesson, and in this lesson we go a bit
is not
more in depth.
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ IS NOT

.‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬ Neest is the word for ʻis notʼ and can be used in vastly
‫آری‬ different contexts. Letʼs learn a few ways to use this word:

‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬

َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬ sard neest

zendegee khālee neest It is not cold

mehrabānee hast, seeb ast, eemān hast. ‫ﺳﺮد ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

َ
āree
jedee neest
tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard.
It is not serious
‫ﺟﺪی ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
ِ
 khoob neest eemān hast
It is not good (there) is faith
‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫اﯾﻤﺎن‬

ketabé man neest āree

It is not my book yes!
‫ﮐِﺘﺎﺑِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫آری‬

IS tā
until (as long as)
Hast by contrast is the third person conjugation for boodan or
‫ﺗﺎ‬
ʻto be.ʼ It could mean ʻit isʼ but in this context it means ʻthere
is.ʼ shaghāyegh
poppy flowers
hast
is ‫ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ bāyad
must
mehrabānee hast
(there) is kindness ‫ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻣِﻬﺮَﺑﺎﻧ‬ kard
do
seeb hast
(there) are apples ‫ﮐ َﺮد‬
‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬
 kardan
ā long a like in not
to do
‫ﮐ َﺮدَن‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 dar delé man cehezee hast, meslé yek beesheyé noor,
meslé khābé damé sobh
va chenān beetābam, ké delam meekhāhad
bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā saré kooh.
Lesson 63: Sohrab Sepehri doorhā āvāyeest, ké marā meekhānad

- Dar Golestāné, Part 3 dar

in

‫زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺧﺎﻟ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫در‬

‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ اﯾﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ َ ‫ ﺳﯿﺐ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧ‬.
‫آری‬ del
‫ زِﻧﺪِﮔ ﺑﺎﯾَﺪ ﮐ َﺮد‬،‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷَ ﻘﺎﯾِﻖ‬ heart
‫دِل‬
 ‫ﺧﻮاب‬
ِ ‫ ﻣِﺜﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬،‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬ delé man
ُ ‫دَم‬
my heart
َ ‫ ﮐﻪ دِﻟَﻢ ﻣﯿﺨﻮا‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺘﺎﺑَﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‬ ِ ‫و‬
‫دِل ﻣَﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮه‬
َ ‫ ﺑِﺮَوَم ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺪوَم ﺗﺎ ﺗ َﻪ دَﺷﺖ‬
َ ِ‫ﺑ‬
‫ ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬،‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬
cheezee
zendegee khālee neest
something
mehrabānee hast, seeb hast, eemān hast.
‫ﭼﯿﺰی‬
āree
tā shaghāyegh hast, zendegee bāyad kard. dar delé man cheezee hast
There is something in my heart
 ‫دَر دِل ﻣَﻦ ﭼﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ‬ noor
light
‫ﻧﻮر‬
LIKE:
Note: The device used here to provide a description called an
meslé ezafé, which is the é sound in beeshey-é noor. You can learn
like about it in detail in Lesson 24 of Chai and Conversation. But,
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ basically, it is used to link a descriptive word to a noun. So the
formula is:
In English, when you see the word ʻlikeʼ in a poem, it is o en
accompanied by a simile or metaphor. Similary, in Persian,
adjective + é + noun
meslé can be a similar type of clue word. In this poem, the
word meslé precedes the poets attempts to describe the If the adjective ends in a vowel (as is the case with beeshé),
feelings in his heart. the formula is:

meslé yek beesheyé noor adjective + yé + noun

like a grove of light

So in this case, it is beeshé + yé + noor, meaning that the grove
‫ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ ﻧﻮر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﯾِﮏ‬
ِ is being described as a grove of light.

yek
a (one) khāb
‫ﯾِﮏ‬ sleep
‫ﺧﻮاب‬
beesheyé
grove sobh
‫ﺑﯿﺸ ُﻪ‬
ِ morning
 ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ doorhā
somewhere in the distance
dam
‫دورﻫﺎ‬
next to
‫دَم‬ ké marā meekhānad
that calls to me
khabé damé sobh
‫ﮐِﻪ ﻣَﺮا ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧ َﺪ‬
sleep of the early morning
‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺧﻮاب دَم‬
ِ
Pronunciation Guide:
doorhā āvāyeest
in the distance there is a voice a short a like in hat
‫دورﻫﺎ آواﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ‬
ā long a like in not
āvā
voice é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

‫آوا‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
door
distance
‫دور‬
 dasht
field
‫دﺷت‬

kooh
Lesson 64: Sohrab Sepehri
- Dar Golestāné, Part 4 mountain
‫ﮐوه‬
‫دﺷﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺮاخ‬
dashthā
‫ﮐﻮه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ fields
‫دﺷت ھﺎ‬ 
‫در ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮی ﻋﻠﻔ ﻣ آﻣَﺪ‬
koohhā
‫ ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬،‫و ِﭼﻧﺎن ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬
fields
‫ ِﺑ َر َوم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬،‫ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬
‫ﮐوه ھﺎ‬

farakh
dashthāyee ché farāgh
wide
koohhāyee ché boland ‫ﻓراخ‬

dar golestāné ché booyé alafee meeyāmad boland

tall
va chenān beetābam, keé delam meekhāhad
‫ﺑﻠﻧد‬
bedavam tā tahé dasht, beravam tā sareé kooh.
dashthāyee ché farakh
 
fields so wide
‫دﺷت ھﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﮫ ﻓراخ‬
koohhāyee ché boland meeyāmad
mountains so tall was coming
‫ﻣﯽ آ َﻣد‬
‫ﮐوه ھﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﮫ ﺑﻠﻧد‬

golestāné chenān
the place of flowers how
‫ﮔﻠﺳﺗﺎﻧﮫ‬  ‫ِﭼﻧﺎن‬

boo va
smell
and
‫ﺑو‬
‫و‬

alaf
beetābam
grass/weeds
I am restless/impatient
‫ﻋﻠف‬
‫ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬

booyé alaf va chenān beetābam

smell of grass/weeds
and I am so restless/impatient
‫ﺑوی ﻋﻠف‬
‫و ِﭼﻧﺎن ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬
Conversational version:
ché booyé alafee
such a smell of grass va che beetābam
‫ﭼﮫ ﺑوی ﻋﻠﻔﯽ‬
and I am so restless/impatient
‫و ِﭼﮫ ﺑﯾﺗﺎ َﺑم‬
 bedavam
ké to run
that ‫ ِﺑدَ َوم‬ 
‫ﮐﮫ‬
Conversational version:
delam
my heart bedoam
‫ِد َﻟم‬ to run (conversational)
‫ ِﺑدَ َوم‬ 
meekhāhad
wants
tā
‫ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬  until
‫ﺗﺎ‬
ké delam meekhāhad
that my heart wants tah
‫ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬  the end
‫ َﺗﮫ‬ 
Conversational version:
tā tahé dasht
ké delam meekhāhad until the end of the field
that my heart wants ‫ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬ 
‫ﮐﮫ ِد َﻟم ﻣﯾﺧوا َھد‬ 

sar
the head
 ‫ َﺳر‬  ‫ ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬ 

saré kooh beravam tā saré kooh

the top of the mountain to go to the top of the mountain (conversational)
‫ َﺳر ﮐوه‬  ‫ ِﺑ َر َوم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬ 

beravam Conversational version:

to go
‫ ِﺑ َر َوم‬  beram tā saré kooh
to go to the top of the mountain
Conversational version: ‫ ِﺑ َرم ﺗﺎ َﺳر ﮐوه‬ 

beram
to go (conversational)
‫ ِﺑ َرم‬ 
Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
bedavam tā taheé dasht
to go (conversational) ā long a like in not
‫ ِﺑدَ َوم ﺗﺎ َﺗﮫ دَ ﺷت‬ 
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Conversational version:
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

bedoam tā taheé dasht

to go (conversational)
 ‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﻫﻤﭽﻮ ﺧﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬

rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram rooz ō shab

Lesson 65: Rumi’s Rooz o
How can I pass these nights and days?
Shab, Part 1
‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

dar havāyat bee gharāram rooz ō shab

I am dazed of the thought of you, day and night jān ō del rā meekhāstand az āsheghān

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬ In the path of Love a Lover is asked to give away his heart and
his soul.

‫را ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ از ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎن و دل‬

sar zé pāyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab

I will place my head at your feet, day and night.

jān ō del rā meesepāram rooz ō shab
‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬
I offer my heart and soul night and day.

‫ﺟﺎن و دل را ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم روز و ﺷﺐ‬

rooz ō shab rā hamchō khod majnoon konam

Day and night, I will go mad for you.

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

 Lesson 65, has the following as the second line:

sar zé kooyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab

I will place my head in your vicinity, day and night.

Lesson 66: Rumi’s Rooz o
‫ﺳﺮ ز ﮐﻮﯾَﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬
Shab, Part 2
In this lesson, we'll be covering the first two lines of the poem
Rooz ō shab rooz
day
‫روز‬
dar havāyat bee gharāram rooz ō shab
shab
I am dazed of the thought of you, day and night night

‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬ ‫ﺷَ ﺐ‬

dar havāyat
night
sar zé pāyat bar nadāram rooz ō shab ‫ﻫﻮاﯾَﺖ‬
َ ‫دَر‬
I will place my head at your feet, day and night. dar
night
‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬
‫دَر‬

Note: An alternate version of the poem, which we covered in

HAVĀ
havā literally means air, but in this context it means so much beegharār
more. In Sufism, there is little that is more intimate and without plans
sacred than the breath. Breathing makes us human, and ‫ﻗﺮار‬
connects us to everything and to the divine. There is nothing
more intimate than breathing in the air that someone else has beegharāram

breathed out. I am without plans

‫ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم‬
havā
air gharāré beram khooné
‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ I plan to go home
‫ﻗﺮار ﺑِﺮَم ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
havāyé tō ---> havāyat ---> havāt
full form ---> shortened ---> conversational gharāré māhi bokhoram
‫ﮐﺎر ﻣﯿﮑُﻨَﻢ‬ I plan to eat fish
‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﺎﻫ ﺑُﺨﻮرم‬
havāto dāram
I have your air/I have your back gharār nabood!
‫ﻫﻮاﯾﺘﻮ دارَم‬ This was not the plan!
‫ﻗﺮار ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬
dar havāyat
In your air een kār gharār nabood!
‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ‬ This was not the plan!
 ‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﻗﺮار ﻧ َﺒﻮد‬
gharār
plans
‫ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار‬
 dar havāyat bee gharāram zé
In your air/In your presence, I am without a plan from
‫در ﻫﻮاﯾﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻗﺮارم‬ ‫ز‬

sar sar zé pāyat

head my head from your foot
‫ﺳﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳﺮ ز ِ ﭘﺎﯾَﺖ‬
َ

pā sar zé pāyat bar nadāram

foot I will not li my head from your foot
‫ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ز ﭘﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم‬

pāyat kooy
your foot alley/suburb
‫ﭘﺎﯾَﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻮی‬

pāyé tō ---> pāyat ---> pāt sar zé kooyat bar nadāram

full form ---> shortened ---> conversational I will not li my head from your vicinity
‫ﺳﺮ ز ﮐﻮﯾَﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪارم‬

az
from Pronunciation Guide:
‫اَز‬
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ‫ﺷﺐ‬

ō
and

Lesson 67: Rumi’s Rooz o ‫و‬

Shab, Part 3 va
and
rooz ō shab rā hamchō khod majnoon konam
‫و‬
Day and night, I will go mad for you.
rooz ō shab
‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﻫﻤﭽﻮ ﺧﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬ day and night
‫روز و ﺷﺐ‬

rooz va shab
rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram rooz ō shab
day and night

How can I pass these nights and days? ‫روز و ﺷﺐ‬

‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم روز و ﺷﺐ‬ majnoon

crazy/mad
rooz ‫ﻣﺠﻨﻮن‬
day
‫روز‬ khod
self
shab ‫ﺧُﺪ‬
night
 bokonam hamchō
I am going to do thus
‫ﺑُﮑ ُﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮ‬
َ

konam kay
I am going to do (conversational) when
‫ﮐ ُﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﮐ‬

meekhām gozāram
I want to should I put/place
‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ ‫ﮔﺬارم‬

meekhām hamoom konam kay gozāram

I want to take a shower when should I place
‫ﻫﻤﻮم ﮐُﻨَﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮام‬ ‫ﮐ ﮔﺬارم‬

khod majnoon konam rooz ō shab rā kay gozāram

to make myself crazy when should I put day and night
‫ﺧُﺪ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﮐﻨﻢ‬ ‫روز و ﺷﺐ را ﮐ ﮔﺬارم‬

hamchenoon
thus Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﻤﭽﻨﻮن‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬َ
a short a like in hat

ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ‫ﺟﺎن‬

del
heart

Lesson 68: Rumi’s Rooz o ‫دل‬

Shab, Part 4 Leyla jān

Leyla dear
jān ō del rā meekhāstand az āsheghān
‫ﻟﯿﻼ ﺟﺎن‬
In the path of Love a Lover is asked to give away his heart and
āsheghān
his soul.
lovers
‫را ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ از ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎن و دل‬  ‫ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎن‬

meekhāstand
they wanted/requested
jān ō del rā meesepāram rooz ō shab
 ‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬
I offer my heart and soul night and day.
az

‫ﺟﺎن و دل را ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم روز و ﺷﺐ‬ from

 ‫از‬

meesepāram
I surrender

jān ‫ﻣﯿﺴﭙﺎرم‬
soul
 ā long a like in not

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 khabaré mā rā bā khod khāhad bord bé shahr

That crow which flew over our heads

and descended into the disturbed thought
of a vagabond cloud
Lesson 69: Forough and the sound of which traversed
Farrokhzad - Fathe Bagh, he breadth of the horizon

Part 1 like a short spear

will carry the news of us to the city.
‫آن ﮐﻼﻏ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫از ﻓﺮاز ﺳﺮ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫و ﻓﺮو رﻓﺖ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ آﺷﻔﺘﮥ اﺑﺮی وﻟﮕﺮد‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﻬﻨﺎی اﻓﻖ را ﭘﯿﻤﻮد‬، ‫و ﺻﺪاﯾﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻧﯿﺰۀ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ از آن روزﻧﮥ ﺳﺮد ﻋﺒﻮس‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎغ را دﯾﺪﯾﻢ‬
ān kalāghy ké pareed
‫و از آن ﺷﺎﺧﮥ ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮ دور از دﺳﺖ‬
as farāzé saré mā
‫ﺳﯿﺐ را ﭼﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬
va foroo ra dar andeesheyé āshoféeye abree velgard

va sedāyash hamchon neyzeyé kootāhee, pahnāyé ofogh

rā paymood hamé meedānand
 hamé meedānand

ké man ō tō az ān rozaneyé sardé aboos hamé meetarsand

bāgh rā deedeyeem hamé meetarsand

va az ān shākheyé bāzeegar door az dast amā man o tō

seeb rā cheedeyeem bā cherāgh o āb o āyeené payvasteem

va natarseedeem

Everyone knows,
everyone knows
Everyone is afraid
that you and I have seen the garden
everyone is afraid, but you and I
from that cold sullen window
joined with the lamp
and that we have plucked the apple
and water and mirror and we were not afraid.
from that playful, hard-to-reach branch.

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮاغ و آب و آﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬
‫و ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬
 ‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬

sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree
va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest
va derakhsheedané oryāneemān
sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast
meslé falsé māheehā dar āb
bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō
sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest

ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad

I am not talking about the flimsy linking
of two names
and embracing in the old pages of a ledger.
and the intimacy of our bodies,

I'm talking about my fortunate tresses and the glow of our nakedness

with the burnt anemone of your kiss like fish scales in the water.
I am talking about the silvery life of a song
which a small fountain sings at dawn.

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎدر آن ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺳﯿﺎل‬

‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯽ از ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺷﺎن وﺣﺸ‬

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ ‫و در آن درﯾﺎی ﻣﻀﻄﺮب ﺧﻮﻧﺴﺮد‬

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬

 ‫از ﺻﺪفﻫﺎی ﭘﺮ از ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ‬ on that strange overwhelming mountain
what should be done.
‫و در آن ﮐﻮه ﻏﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫از ﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎن ﺟﻮان ﭘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﺮد‬
‫ ره ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﯾﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاب ﺳﺮد و ﺳﺎﮐﺖ ﺳﯿﻤﺮﻏﺎن‬
mā dar ān jangalé sabz seeyāl
‫ﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ را در ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﯾﻢ‬
shaby az khargooshān vahshee
‫در ﻧﮕﺎه ﺷﺮمآﮔﯿﻦ ﮔﻠ ﮔﻤﻨﺎم‬
va dar ān daryāyé moztarebé khoonsard

az sadafhāyé por az morvāreed

‫و ﺑﻘﺎ را در ﯾﮏ ﻟﺤﻈﮥ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود‬

va dar ān koohé ghareeb fath ‫ﮐﻪ دو ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﯿﺮه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬

az oghāban javān porseedeem hamé meedānand

ké ché bāyad kard hamé meedānand

mā dar khābé sard ō saketé seemorghān, rah yā é-eem

we asked wild rabbits one night mā hagheeghat rā dar bāghché paydā kardeem
in that green flowing forest
dar negahé sharmāgeen golee gomnām
and shells full of pearls
in that turbulent cold blooded sea va baghā rā dar yek lahzé nāmahdood
and the young eagles
 kê dō khorsheed bé ham kheeré shodand Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat

Everyone knows,
ā long a like in not
everyone knows
we have found our way
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Into the cold, quiet dream of phoenixes:
we found truth in the garden ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
In the embarrassed look of a nameless flower,
and we found permanence
In an endless moment
when two suns stared at each other.
 hamé
everyone
‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬

Lesson 70: Forough meetarsand

is afraid
Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, ‫ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
Part 2 amā
hamé meetarsand but
everyone is afraid ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬
man
amā man o tō me
but you and I ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ و ﺗﻮ‬
tō
bé cherāgh o āb o āyeené payvasteem you (informal)
joined with the lamp and water and mirror ‫ﺗﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮاغ و آب و آﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬
ō
va natarseedeem and
and we were not afraid ‫و‬
‫و ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬
bé
to
 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ natarseedeem
we were not afraid
cherāgh
‫ﻧﺘﺮﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ‬
light
‫ﭼﺮاغ‬

āb
water Pronunciation Guide:
‫آب‬
a short a like in hat

āyeené
ā long a like in not
mirror
‫آﯾﻨﻪ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

payvasteem
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
we joined
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﯿﻢ‬
 bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō

I am not talking about the flimsy linking

Lesson 71: Forough of two names

Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, and embracing in the old pages of a ledger.

Part 3 I'm talking about my fortunate tresses

with the burnt anemone of your kiss

‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬

sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām
‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ I am not talking about the flimsy linking of two names
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬
va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest
‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬ and embracing in the old pages of a ledger
‫و ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ در اوراق ﮐﻬﻨﮥ ﯾﮏ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast

I'm talking about my fortunate tresses
sokhan az payvandé sosté dō nām
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﺖ‬
va hamāghdooshee dar orāgheh kohneyé yek da ar neest
bā shaghāyeghhayé sookhteyé booseyé tō
sokhan az geesooyeh khoshbakhté manast with the burnt anemone of your kiss
‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬ payvandé sosté dō nām
the numb joining of two names
sokhan
‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ دو ﻧﺎم‬
speech/talk
‫ﺳﺨﻦ‬ va
and
sost
‫و‬
numb
‫ﺳﺴﺖ‬
ُ hamāghooshee
embracing
dō nām
‫ﻫﻤﺂﻏﻮﺷ‬
two names
‫دو ﻧﺎم‬ orāgh
papers
dō
‫اوراق‬
two
‫دو‬ kohné
ragged/old
nām
‫ﮐﻬﻨﮥ‬
names
‫ﻧﺎم‬ da ar
ledger
payvand
‫دﻓﺘﺮ‬
joining
‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ‬ dar
in
 ‫در‬ ast
is
neest
‫اﺳﺖ‬
is not
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ shaghāyegh
poppy
geesoo
‫ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖ‬
hair
‫ﮔﯿﺴﻮ‬ boos
kiss
mo
‫ﺑﻮس‬
hair
‫ﻣﻮ‬ booseyé tō
your kiss
khosbakht
‫ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬
lucky/happy
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ‬ sookhté
burnt
geesooyé khoshbakht
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
happy hair
‫ﮔﯿﺴﻮی ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺖ‬ shaghāyeghhyé booseyé tō
the burnt anemone of your kiss
man
‫ﺷﻘﺎﯾﻖﻫﺎی ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮥ ﺑﻮﺳﮥ ﺗﻮ‬
me
‫ﻣﻦ‬
 and the intimacy of our bodies,
and the glow of our nakedness
LESSON 72
like fish scales in the water.
I am talking about the silvery life of a song
which a small fountain sings at dawn.
‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬

‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬
va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ and the intimacy of our bodies

‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬
va derakhsheedané oryāneemān
‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬ and the glow of our nakedness
‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬

meslé falsé māheehā dar āb

va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree
like fish scales in the water
va derakhsheedané oryāneemān ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬

meslé falsé māheehā dar āb sameemeyat

intimacy
sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad
doosté sameemee
intimate friend
 ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ oryāneemān
our nakedness
tan
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
body
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ derakhsheedan
glowing
tan hāmān
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
our bodies
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ derakhsheedané oryāneemān
the glowing of our nakedness
dar
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
in
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ meslé
like
dar tarāree
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
in playfullness
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ fels
scales
va
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
and
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ māhi
fish
oryānee
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
naked
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬ māhihā
fishes
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬

dar āb
in water Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
a short a like in hat
dar
ā long a like in not
in
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

āb
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
water
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ‬
 and the intimacy of our bodies, in playfulness
and the glow of our nakedness
like fish scales in the water.
Lesson 72: Forough
Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh,
va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree
Part 4 and the intimacy of our bodies, in playfullness
‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاری‬،‫و ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬
va derakhsheedané oryāneemān
‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬
and the glow of our nakedness

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬ ‫و درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬

meslé falsé māheehā dar āb

like fish scales in the water.
va sameemeeyaté tan hāman, dar tarāree
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ در آب‬

sameemeeyat

va derakhsheedané oryāneemān intimacy

‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ‬
meslé falsé māheehā dar āb
doosté sameemee
intimate friend
‫دوﺳﺘِﻪ ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ‬
 sameemee ‫در ﻃﺮاری‬
intimate
va
‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤ‬
and
tan ‫و‬
body
oryānee
‫ﺗ َﻦ‬
naked
tan hāmān ‫ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧ‬
our bodies
oryāneeman
‫ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬
our nakedness
sameemeeyaté tan hāmān ‫ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬
the intimacy of our bodies
darakhsheedan
‫ﺻﻤﯿﻤﯿﺖ ﺗ َﻦ ﻫﺎﻣﺎن‬
glowing
dar ‫درﺧﺸﯿﺪن‬
in
derakhsheedané oryāneemān
‫در‬
the glowing of our nakedness
tarāree ‫درﺧﺸﯿﺪن ﻋﺮﯾﺎﻧﯿﻤﺎن‬
playfulness
meslé
‫ﻃﺮاری‬
like
dar tarāree ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
in playfulness
 fels āb
scales water
‫ﻓﻠﺲ‬ ‫آب‬

māhi
fish
‫ﻣﺎﻫ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
māhihā
a short a like in hat
the fishes
‫ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ‬ ā long a like in not

felsé māhihā
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
fish scales
‫ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻫﺎ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

dar
in
‫در‬
 az
of
‫از‬

Lesson 73: Forough zendegee

life
Farrokhzad - Fathé Bagh, ‫زﻧﺪﮔ‬
Part 5 noghreyee
silvery
‫ﻧﻘﺮهای‬
sokhan az zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest
I am talking about the silvery life of a song āvāz
‫ﺳﺨﻦ از زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬ song
‫آواز‬
ke séhar gāhān favareyé koochak meekhānad
which a small fountain sings at dawn āvāzeest = āvāzee hast
‫ ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬،‫ﮐﻪ‬ a song is
‫آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬
hamé meetarsand
everyone is afraid zendegeeyé noghreyeeyé āvāzeest
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯿﺘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬ the silvery life of a song
‫زﻧﺪﮔ ﻧﻘﺮهای آوازﯾﺴﺖ‬
sokhan
the topic/speech favāré
‫ﺳﺨﻦ‬ fountain
 ‫ﻓﻮارۀ‬ ‫ﮐ َﻼغ‬

koochak oghāb
small eagle
‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﻋُﻘﺎب‬

favāreyé koochak seemorgh

a small fountain "phoenix"
‫ﻓﻮارۀ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤُﺮغ‬

sahar gāhān
early in the morning
‫ﺳﺤﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﺎن‬
Pronunciation Guide:
sahar
a short a like in hat
dawn
‫ﺳﺤﺮ‬ ā long a like in not

meekhānad
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
sings
‫ﻣﯿﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

kalāgh
crow
 Edward Fitzgerald translation:

Khayyam, if you are drunk with wine, be happy.

Lesson 74: Khayyam - If you have sat with a beloved who has a face like the moon, be
khosh bāsh, Part 1 happy.

‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ Since the end of the affairs of the world is nothingness,

suppose that you are not, but while you are, be happy
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺧ اﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﮐﺎر ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اﺳﺖ‬

Pronunciation Guide:
‫اﻧﮕﺎر ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘ ﭼﻮ ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬
a short a like in hat

khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh

ā long a like in not
bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
chon āghebaté kāré jahān neestee hast

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

engār ké neestee, chō hastee, khosh bāsh
 bāsh
be (second person informal)
‫ﺑﺎش‬

Lesson 75: Khayyam - kosh

glad/content/happy
khosh bāsh, Part 2 ‫ﺧﻮش‬
‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ kosh bāsh
be glad/happy
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺧ اﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬
‫ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh

khayām, agar zé bādé mastee, khosh bāsh Khayyam, if you are drunk off wine, be glad/content

bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh

‫ﺧﯿﺎم اﮔﺮ ز ﺑﺎده ﻣﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬

agar
if
‫اَﮔﺮ‬
Edward Fitzgerald translation:
bāsh
Khayyam, if you are drunk with wine, be happy.
be (second person informal)
If you have sat with a beloved who has a face like the moon, be ‫ﺑﺎش‬
happy.
zé
of
 ِ‫ز‬ agar az sharāb mastee
if you are drunk of wine
az
‫اﮔﺮ اَز ﺷَ ﺮاب ﻣﺴﺘ‬
of
‫اَز‬ māh
moon
bādé
‫ﻣﺎه‬
wine
‫ﺑﺎدِه‬ rokh
face
mast
‫رُخ‬
drunk
‫ﻣَﺴﺖ‬ māh rokh
moon face
mastee
‫ﻣﺎه رُخ‬
you are drunk
‫ﻣَﺴﺘ‬ māh rokhee
a moon face
agar zé bādé mastee
‫ﻣﺎه رُﺧ‬
if you are drunk off wine
‫اَﮔﺮ ز ِ ﺑﺎدِه ﻣَﺴﺘ‬ lālé rokhee
tulip faced girl
sharāb
‫ﻻﻟِﻪ رُﺧ‬
wine
‫ﺷَ ﺮاب‬ bā māh rokhee agar neshastee
if you are sitting next to a moon faced girl
 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ اَﮔَﺮ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬

neshastee
you are sitting
‫ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
agar bā māh rokhee neshastee
a short a like in hat
If you are sitting next to a moon faced girl
‫اَﮔَﺮﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ‬ ā long a like in not

bā māh rokhee agar neshastee, khosh bāsh

é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
If you are sitting next to a moon faced girl, be happy/content
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﺮُﺧ اَﮔَﺮ ﻧِﺸَ ﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

neshastee
you are sitting
 neestee
not being
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬

Lesson 76: Khayyam - āghebat

conclusion
khosh bāsh, Part 3 ‫ﻋﺎﻗِﺒَﺖ‬
chon āghebaté kāré jahān neestee hast
kār
work
‫ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اَﺳﺖ‬
َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬
ِ َ ‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬
‫ﮐﺎر‬
Since the end of the affairs of the world is nothingness
āghebaté kāré jahān
engār ké neestee, chō hastee, khosh bāsh the conclusion of the work of the world
‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬
َ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬
ِ َ ‫ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬
َ ‫ ﭼﻮ‬، ‫اِﻧﮕﺎر ﮐِﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺘ‬
jahān
suppose that you are not, but while you are, be happy
the world
rubāyiāt ‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬
َ
Rubayiat
chon
‫رُﺑَﺎﻋﯿﺎت‬
because
hastee ‫ﭼﻮن‬
being
‫ﻫﺴﺘ‬
َ
 chon āghebaté kāré jahān chō hastee, khosh bāsh
the conclusion of the work of the world because you are, be glad
‫ﺟﻬﺎن‬
َ ِ ‫ﺖ ﮐﺎر‬
ِ َ ‫ﭼﻮن ﻋﺎﻗِﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘ ﺧﻮش ﺑﺎش‬
َ ‫ﭼﻮ‬

neestee hast
is to not be
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘ اﺳﺖ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
engār
a short a like in hat
it's as if
‫اِﻧﮕﺎر‬ ā long a like in not

ké
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
that
‫ﮐِﻪ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

chō (chon)
because
‫ﭼﻮ‬
 horse asb ‫اَﺳﺐ‬

bear khers ‫ﺧﺮس‬

ِ  

Lesson 77: Animals frog ghoorbāghé ‫ﻗﻮرﺑﺎﻏِﻪ‬ 

(Vocabulary Sprint)
hayvoonāt
cat gorbé ‫ﮔُﺮﺑِﻪ‬
animals peeshee ‫ﭘﯿﺸ‬
‫ﻫِﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬

hayvoon dog sag ‫ﺳﮓ‬

َ
animal
hāpoo ‫ﻫﺎﭘﻮ‬
‫ﻫِﯿﻮان‬

bear khers ‫ﺧﺮس‬

ٍ sheep barré ‫ﺑَﺮِه‬ 

bird parandé ‫ﭘَﺮَﻧﺪِه‬ lizard mārmoolak ‫ﻣﺎرﻣﻮﻟَﮏ‬ 

joojoo ‫ﺟﻮﺟﻮ‬
snake mār ‫ﻣﺎر‬ 
joojé
‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ‬
ِ
alligator soosmār ‫ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎر‬ 

duck ordak ‫اُردَک‬  mouse moosh ‫ﻣﻮش‬ 

rabbit khargoosh ‫ﺧَﺮﮔﻮش‬  giraffe zarāfé ‫زَراﻓِﻪ‬ 

donkey khar ‫ﺧَﺮ‬  pig khook ‫ﺧﻮک‬ 

peeshee, doosté man meeshee? cow gāv ‫ﮔﺎو‬

Kitty, will you be my friend?
‫ دوﺳﺘِﻪ ﻣَﻦ ﻣﯿﺸ ؟‬، ‫ﭘﯿﺸ‬ lion sheer ‫ﺷﯿﺮ‬ 

goosh butterfly parvāné ‫ﭘَﺮواﻧِﻪ‬ 

ear
‫ﮔﻮش‬ turtle lākposht ‫ﻻک ﭘُﺸﺖ‬ 

elephant feel ‫ﻓﯿﻞ‬ 

BONUS VOCAB (inquiring minds
like to know): crab kharchang ‫ﭼﻨﮓ‬
َ ‫ﺧَﺮ‬ 
chicken morgh ‫ﻣُﺮغ‬ owl joghd ‫ﺟُﻐﺪ‬

swan ghoo ‫ﻗﻮ‬  bee zanboor ‫زَﻧﺒﻮر‬ 

camel shotor ‫ﺷُ ﺘُﺮ‬  rooster khoroos ‫ﺧُﺮوس‬ 

worm kerm ‫ﮐِﺮم‬  tiger babr ‫ﺑَﺒﺮ‬ 

bat khof-fāsh ‫ﺧُﻔﺎش‬ ā long a like in not

whale nahang ‫ﻧَﻬَﻨﮓ‬  é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 green sabz ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬
َ
purple banafsh  ‫ﺑَﻨَﻔﺶ‬

white sefeed  ‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‬

ِ
Lesson 78: Colors
(Vocabulary Sprint) black seeyāh ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬
rang meshkee ‫ﻣِﺸﮑ‬
color
‫رَﻧﮓ‬ gold talā ‫ﻃَﻼﯾﯽ‬
ranghā
colors
orange nāranjee   ‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﺠ‬
‫رَﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬
gray khākestaree  ‫ﺧﺎﮐِﺴﺘَﺮی‬
COMMON COLORS:
pink sooratee   ‫ﺻﻮرَﺗ‬
brown ghahveyee ‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه ای‬
silver noghreyee  ‫ﻧ ُﻘﺮه ِ ای‬
red ghermez ‫ﻗِﺮﻣِﺰ‬
sorkh ‫ﺳﺮخ‬
ُ INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY:
ghāhvé
yellow zard  ‫زَرد‬ coffee
‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬
 āb soorat
water face
‫آب‬ ‫ﺻﻮرَت‬

sabzee noghré
herbs silver
‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ ‫ﻧ ُﻘﺮه‬

banfshé
violet flower
‫ﻔﺸﻪ‬
ِ َ ‫ﺑَﻨ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
talā
a short a like in hat
gold
‫ﻃَﻼ‬
ā long a like in not

nārangee
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
mandarin orange
‫ﻧﺎرَﻧﮕ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

khākestar
ashes
‫ﺧﺎﮐِﺴﺘَﺮ‬
 fasl
season
‫ﻓَﺼﻞ‬

Lesson 79: Time and Date bahār

spring
(Vocabulary Sprint) ‫ﺑَﻬﺎر‬
TIME AND DATE: tābestoon
Note: There are two different words for 'time'- one is more of summer
a finite notion of time, or vakht, and another is more of an ‫ﺗﺎﺑِﺴﺘﺎن‬
eternal concept of time, zamān.
pāyeez
vakht fall
time ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ‬
‫وَﻗﺖ‬
zemestoon
zamān winter
time ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫زَﻣﺎن‬
MEASUREMENTS OF TIME:
tāreekh
sāl
date
year
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬
SEASONS:
 māh roozhāyé ha é
month days of the week
‫ﻣﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫روزﻫﺎی‬

ha é Pronuncation Note: When you read the word for Saturday, it is

week actually shanbé. This is the word on which all the other days
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
َ (except Friday) are based. However, in conversational Persian,
it's pronounced with a 'm' sound, or shambé. So, to stay true
rooz
to our conversational spirit, this is how we teach it in Chai and
day
Conversation.
‫روز‬
doshambé
sā'at Monday
hour ‫دوﺷَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋَﺖ‬
seshambé
dayeeghé Tuesday
minute ‫ﺳﻬﺸَ ﻨﺒﻪ‬
ِ
‫دَﻗﯿﻘِﻪ‬
chārshambé
sāneeyé Wednesday
second ‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
ِ
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿِﻪ‬
panjshambé
DAYS OF THE WEEK: Thursday
‫ﭘَﻨﺞ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
 jomé ākharé ha é
Friday weekend
‫ﻌﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫آﺧَﺮ‬

shambé
Saturday
‫ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
Pronunciation Guide:
yekshambé
a short a like in hat
Sunday
‫ﯾِﮏ ﺷَ ﻨﺒِﻪ‬
ā long a like in not

jomé tateelé
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
Friday is off
‫ﻄﯿﻞ‬
ِ َ ‫ﻌﻪ ﺗ‬
ِ ‫ﺟُﻤ‬ ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

vasaté ha é
weekday
‫ﻫﻔﺘِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ َ‫و‬
 seer
garlic
‫ﺳﯿﺮ‬

Lesson 80: Nowruz senjed

Persian olive
(Vocabulary Sprint) ‫ﻨﺠﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬ِ
Nowruz
somāgh
nowruz
sumac
‫ﻧﻮروز‬
‫ﺳﻤﺎق‬
ُ
Nowruz celebration
serké
aidé nowruz
vinegar
‫ﻋﯿﺪ ِ ﻧﻮروز‬
‫ﺳﺮﮐِﻪ‬
ِ
HAFT SEEN TABLE: sabzé
sofreyé ha seen wheatgrass
ha seen table ‫ﺳﺒﺰِه‬
َ
‫ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻔﺮِه‬
ُ
samanoo
seeb sweet pudding made from wheat germ
apple ‫ﺳﻤَﻨﻮ‬
َ
‫ﺳﯿﺐ‬
 aidee nowruz mobārak
gi happy nowruz
‫ﻋﯿﺪی‬ ‫ﻧﻮروز ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬

aidé shomā mobārak sabzee polō bā māhi

happy nowruz herb rice and fish
‫ﻋﯿﺪ ِ ﺷُ ﻤﺎ ﻣُﺒﺎرَک‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰی ﭘُﻠﻮﻣﺎﻫ‬

ātash seezdah bedar

fire 13th day
‫آﺗ َﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺰدَه ﺑِﺪ‬

deed ō bāz deed

to see and see again Pronunciation Guide:
‫دﯾﺪ و ﺑﺎز دﯾﺪ‬
a short a like in hat
khooné takoonee
shaking of the house ā long a like in not
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ ﺗ َﮑﻮﻧ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
lebasé nōw
new clothes ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻟِﺒﺎس ﻧﻮ‬
 Vaseeleyé naghleeyé doesn't cover modes of getting around
such as walking, so ra ō āmad is a broader and more general
term. Also, lucky for us, it doesn't have either of the difficult
gh or kh sounds, so that is a bonus.
Lesson 81: Transportation āmad
(Vocabulary Sprint) coming
‫آﻣَﺪ‬

TRANSPORTATION: ra

First, let's go over the word for 'transportation' in Persian. The going

more 'official' word for this topic is: ‫رَﻓﺖ‬

vaseeleyé naghleeyé
transportation VEHICLES OF
‫وَﺳﯿﻠِﻪ ﻧ َﻘﻠﯿِﻪ‬ TRANSPORTATION:
This translates literally to something along the lines of dockharkhé

'vessels of transportation,' and isn't used very o en in bicycle

conversation. In this lesson, we want to cover different modes ‫ﺧﻪ‬

ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫دو‬
of 'getting around,' so instead, let's learn a term that has a
Note: Thought docharkhé is the official word for a bike, it
meaning more along those lines, and that is:
could also be reduced to charkh, which literally means
ra ō āmad 'wheel.'
going and coming
‫رَﻓﺖ و آﻣَﺪ‬
 charkh havā paymā
bike airplane
‫ﭼﺮخ‬
َ ‫ﻫﻮاﭘِﯿﻤﺎ‬
َ

secharkhé peeyādé
tricycle
by foot
‫ﺧﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﭼﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳﻪ‬
ِ
‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه‬
Note: There are several different words for 'car' in Persian, just
heleecoopter
as there are in English (automobile, car, vehicle, etc.). The
helicopter
most 'Iranian' word is khod rō which literally means moving
‫ﻫِﻠ ﮐﻮﭘﺘِﺮ‬
by itself, but this is also the least used word.

teran
māsheen
train
car
‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗِﺮَن‬

ghatār
otomobeel
train
car
‫اﺗﻮﻣُﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗَﻄﺎر‬

khod rō otoboos

car bus

‫ﺧﻮدرو‬ ‫اُﺗﻮﺑﻮس‬
 tāxee charkh savāree
taxi bike riding
‫ﺗﺎﮐﺴ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاری‬
َ ‫ﭼﺮخ‬
َ

ghāyegh masheen savāree

boat riding a car
‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاری‬
َ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‬

keshtee rānandegee kardan

ship driving
‫ﮐِﺸﺘ‬ ‫راﻧ َﻨﺪِﮔ ﮐ َﺮدَن‬

mooshak rāh paymāyee

rocket walking
‫ﻣﻮﺷَ ﮏ‬ ‫راه ﭘِﯿﻤﺎی‬

metrō peeyādé ravee

underground walking
‫ﻣِﺗرو‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه‬

rāh ra an
THE ACT OF GETTING AROUND walking

(ACTION WORDS): ‫راه رَﻓﺘَﻨﺮَوی‬

 parvāz kardan BONUS WORDS (inquiring minds
flying
want to know):
‫ﭘَﺮواز ﮐ َﺮدَن‬
The following words are associated with the topic of
ghāyegh savaree transportation, but were not covered in the lesson.
boat riding
motorceeclet
‫ﺳﻮاری‬
َ ‫ﻗﺎﯾِﻖ‬ motorcycle
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺳﯿﮑﻠِﺖ‬

naghshé
map
‫َﻘﺸﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
PATHS OF TRANSPORTATION:
peeyādé rō eskee

sidewalk skiing

‫ﭘﯿﺎدِه رو‬ ‫اِﺳﮑ‬

kheeyāboon āmboolance

street ambulance

‫ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن‬ ‫آﻣﺒﻮﻻﻧﺲ‬

eestgāh kāmyoon

station/bus stop truck

‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﯿﻮن‬
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not

 Note: The word for cooking in Persian literally means 'soup
cooking' and the word for cook is literally 'soup cooker'.

DIFFERENT MEALS OF THE

Lesson 82: Food
DAY:
(Vocabulary Sprint) sobhāné
breakfast
FOOD AND COOKING: ‫ﺻﺒﻬﺎﻧِﻪ‬
ُ
ghazā
nāhār
food lunch
‫ﻏَﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﺎر‬
ghazāhā
shām
foods
dinner
‫ﻏَﺬاﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎم‬
āsh paz
asrooné
cook
a ernoon snack
‫آﺷﭙَﺰ‬ ‫ﻋَﺼﺮوﻧِﻪ‬
āsh pazee
cooking
SOME DIFFERENT TYPES OF
‫آﺷﭙَﺰی‬
FOODS:
 polō noosheedanee
rice drink
‫ﭘُﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺪﻧ‬
َ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﯿ‬

polõ khoresh chāyee

rice and stew tea
‫ﭘُﻠﻮ ﺧﻮرِﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﺎی‬

ghormé sabzee ghahvé

‫ﺳﺒﺰی‬
َ ‫ﻗﻮرﻣِﻪ‬ coffee
‫ﻗَﻬﻮِه‬
fesenjoon
‫ﺴﻨﺠﺎن‬
ِ ِ‫ﻓ‬ āb
water
tah deeg
‫آب‬
bottom of the pot
‫ﺗ َﻪ دﯾﮓ‬ doogh
(a yogurt drink)
sālād
‫دوغ‬
salad
‫ﺳﺎﻻد‬ sodā
soda
desser
‫ﺳﻮدا‬
dessert
‫ﺳﺮ‬
ِ ِ‫د‬
 kabāb asal
kabab honey
‫ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬

chelokabāb morabā
rice and kabab jam
‫ﭼﻠﻮ ﮐ َﺒﺎب‬
ِ ‫ﻣُﺮَﺑﺎ‬

tanagholāt gerdoo
walnut
snacks
‫ﮔِﺮدو‬
‫ﺗَﻨَﻘُﻼت‬

meevé
fruit
‫ﻣﯿﻮِه‬ NEEDED TO EAT FOOD:
gāshogh
sheereenee
spoon
sweets
‫ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺷُ ﻖ‬

changāl
noon ō paneer
fork
bread and cheese
‫ﻧﻮن و ﭘَﻨﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﮕﺎل‬
َ
 kārd mehmoonee
knife party
‫ﮐﺎرد‬ ‫ﻣِﻬﻤﺎﻧ‬

boshghāb ghazāyé khoonegee

plate home food
‫ﺑُﺸﻘﺎب‬ ‫َﺬای ﺧﺎﻧِﮕ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
kāsé restoorān
bowl restaurant
‫ﮐﺎﺳﻪ‬
ِ ‫رِﺳﺘﻮران‬

dasmāl
napkin Pronunciation Guide:
‫دَﺳﺘﻤﺎل‬
a short a like in hat
Pronunciation note: The word dasmāl is actually dast-māl,
literally hand rubber. But, when pronounced, the 't' gets ā long a like in not
dropped and it is pronounced dasmāl.
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

MISCELLANEOUS FOOD ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

RELATED WORDS:

Lesson 83: Emotion
(Vocabulary Sprint)
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS:
DIFFERENT EMOTIONS:
hāl
feeling
‫ﻫﺎل‬
Note: Hāl literally means something along the lines of
condition or 'state' in the Persian language, and it's used to
ask the very important question of 'how are you.' 'How are
you' literally translates to 'how is your condition' or 'how is

ehsāsāt your state of being.' Hāl is very in the moment.

emotions hālet chetoré

‫اِﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت‬ how are you feeling?

por ehsās
‫ﭼﻄﻮرِه؟‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺎﻟِﺖ‬
emotional khoshhāl
‫ﭘُﺮ اِﺣﺴﺎس‬ happy

ehsāsātee
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل‬
emotional ghamgeen
‫اِﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎﺗ‬ sad

bee ehsās
‫ﻏَﻤﮕﯿﻦ‬
without emotions (cold) Note: If you want to say 'I am happy' when someone asks you
‫ﺑﯽ اِﺣﺴﺎس‬ how you are doing or hālet chetoré, you add an -am to the end
of the word. So khoshhāl becomes khoshhāl-am. To get a
more thorough lesson on this, check out Lesson 1 of Chai and afsordé
Conversation. depressed

ārām
ُ َ‫ا‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮدِه‬
calm shād
‫آرام‬ happy
‫ﺷﺎد‬
asabee
nervous khandé
‫ﺼﺒﯽ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ laughter
‫ﺧَﻨﺪِه‬
asabānee
angy geryé
‫ﺼﺒﺎﻧ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ tears
‫ﮔِﺮﯾِﻪ‬
asab
nerves khosh akhlāgh
‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ َ‫ﻋ‬ good attitude
‫ﺧﻮش اَﺧﻼق‬
Note: Both the word for nervous, asabee, and angry,
asabānee, are rooted in the word for nerves, asab. It's bad akhlāgh
interesting that in the Persian language, there's a direct line bad attitude
between the feeling of anger and the nervous system of the ‫ﺑَﺪ اَﺧﻼق‬
body.
 bā hoselé doost dāshtanee
with patience loving
‫ﺣﻮﺻﻠِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘَﻨ‬

bee hoselé
without patience Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺣﻮﺻﻠِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﯽ‬
a short a like in hat
doost dāshtan
liking/loving ā long a like in not
‫دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘَﻦ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
nefrat
hate ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﻧِﻔﺮَت‬

tars
fear
‫ﺗ َﺮس‬
 panjeré
window
‫ﻨﺠﺮه‬
ِ َ‫ﭘ‬

Lesson 84: House / Home deevār

wall
(Vocabulary Sprint) ‫دﯾﻮار‬
house
saghf
khooné
ceiling
‫ﺧﻮﻧِﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬
َ
Note: In written Persian, house is khāné but in spoken Persian,
zameen
it's pronounced khooné.
floor
otāgh ‫زَﻣﯿﻦ‬
room
komod
‫اُﺗﺎق‬
closet

PARTS OF A HOUSE: ‫ﮐُﻤُﺪ‬

dar
ROOMS OF A HOUSE:
door
sālon
‫دَر‬
living room
‫ﺳﺎﻟُﻦ‬
 otāgh khāb gārāge
bedroom garage
‫اُﺗﺎق ﺧﻮاب‬ ‫ﮔﺎراژ‬ 

toowālet zeerzameen
bathroom (toilet room) basement
‫ﺗﻮاﻟِﺖ‬
‫زﯾﺮ زَﻣﯿﻦ‬ 
dastshoowee
bathroom (handwashing room) ELEMENTS OF ROOMS:
‫دَﺳﺘﺸﻮﯾﯽ‬ Now let's learn the vocabulary for different pieces of furniture
you can find throughout the house, starting with the living
otāghé nāhār khoree
room:
dining room
‫اُﺗﺎق ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮری‬ meez
table
poshteboon ‫ﻣﯿﺰ‬
roo op
‫ﺸﺖ ﺑﺎم‬ mobl
ِ ُ‫ﭘ‬
couch
āshpazkhooné ‫ﻣُﺒﻞ‬
kitchen
‫آﺷﭙَﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ lāmp
lamp
‫ﻻﻣﭗ‬
 farsh toowālet
rug toilet
‫ﻓَﺮش‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻟِﺖ‬

Note: The farsh is a centerpiece of any Iranian household. dast shoowee

Iranians see rugs as investments, since they hold on to their hand washing sink
value, and even increase in value over time. ‫دَﺳﺘﺸﻮﯾﯽ‬
Bedroom furniture: hamoom
bath
takht
bed ‫ﺣﻤﻮم‬
َ
‫ﺗ َﺨﺖ‬ vān
bath
Dining room furniture:
‫وان‬
meezé nāhār khoree
dining table Kitchen furniture:

‫ﻣﯿﺰ ِ ﻧﺎﻫﺎر ﺧﻮری‬ yakh chāl

refrigerator
sandalee
chair ‫ﯾَﺨﭽﺎل‬ 
‫ﺪﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻨ‬
َ zarf shoowee
kitchen sink
Bathroom furniture:
‫ﻇَﺮف ﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬ 

BONUS VOCABULARY:
 estakhr
ā long a like in not
pool
‫اِﺳﺘَﺨﺮ‬ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 mādar bozorg
grandmother
‫ﻣﺎدر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬

Lesson 85: Families pedar bozorg

grandfather
(Vocabulary Sprint) ‫ﺪر ﺑُﺰُرگ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬
khānevadé
dāyee
family
maternal uncle
‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه‬
‫داﯾﯽ‬
mādar
amoo
mother
paternal uncle
‫ﻣﺎدَر‬
‫ﻋَﻤﻮ‬
pedar
khālé
father
maternal aunt
‫ﺪر‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬ 
khāhar
amé
sister
paternal aunt
‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬
‫ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬
barādar
brother
‫ﺑَﺮادَر‬
 pesar khālé pesar amé
cousin (boy of mom's sister) cousin (boy of dad's sister)
‫ﺴﺮﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬  ‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻪ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

dokhtar khālé dokhtar amé

cousin (boy of mom's sister) cousin (girl of dad's sister)
‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﺧﺎﻟِﻪ‬  ‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻪ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

pesar amé pesar dāyee

cousin (boy of mom's sister) cousin (boy of dad's sister)
‫ﺴﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬
َ ِ ‫ﭘ‬  ‫ﺴﺮداﯾﯽ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬

dokhtar amé dokhtar dāyee

cousin (boy of mom's sister) cousin (girl of dad's sister)
‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻪ‬  ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ داﯾﯽ‬

pesar amoo shohar

cousin (boy of mom's sister) husband
‫ﺴﺮﻋَﻤِﻮ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺷﻮ‬

dokhtar amoo zan

cousin (boy of mom's sister) wife (woman)
 ‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ ﻋَﻤِﻮ‬  ‫زَن‬

hamsar
spouse
 ‫ﻤﺴﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬َ khānevādeyé bozorg
big family
nābarādaree
‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮادِه ﺑُﺰُرگ‬
stepbrother
‫ﻧﺎﺑَﺮادَری‬ khānevādeyé koocheek
small family
nākhāharee
‫ﺧﺎﻧِﻮاده ﮐﻮﭼﯿﮏ‬
stepsister
‫ﻫﺮی‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮا‬ ezdevāj
marriage
khāharé nātanee
‫اِزدِواج‬
half sister
‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﺗ َﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺧﻮا‬ aroosee
wedding
barādaré nātanee
‫ﻋَﺮوﺳ‬
half brother
‫ﺑَﺮادَر ﻧﺎﺗ َﻨ‬ nāmzad
fiancé
nāmādaree
 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰَد‬
step mother
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺎدَری‬ doost dokhtar
girlfriend
nāpedaree
‫دوﺳﺖ دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬ 
step father
‫ﺪری‬
َ ِ ‫ﻧﺎﭘ‬
doost pesar
boyfriend Pronunciation Guide:
‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ ‫دوﺳﺖ ﭘ‬
a short a like in hat
dokhtar
girl/daughter ā long a like in not

‫دُﺧﺘَﺮ‬
é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
pesar
boy/son ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

‫ﺴﺮ‬
َ ِ‫ﭘ‬
 morabee
coach
‫ﻣ َُرﺑّﯽ‬

tarafdār
Lesson 86: Sports fan
(Vocabulary Sprint) ‫َط َرﻓدار‬

varzesh dāvar
exercise/sports referee
‫رزش‬
ِ ‫َو‬ ‫داور‬
َ

TEAM SPORTS: footbāll

soccer
varzeshé goroohee
‫ﻓوﺗﺑﺎل‬
team sports
‫رزش ُﮔروھﯽ‬
ِ ‫َو‬ footbāll āmreekāyee
American football
team
‫ﻓوﺗﺑﺎل آﻣرﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ‬
team
‫ﺗﯾم‬ basketbāll
basketball
bāzeekon
‫َﺑﺳﮑِﺗﺑﺎل‬
players
‫ﺑﺎزﯾﮑُن‬ basebāll
baseball
‫ِﺑﯾس ﺑﺎل‬
 so bāll golf
so ball golf
‫ﺳﺎﻓت ﺑﺎل‬ ‫ُﮔﻠف‬

volleybāll eskate bāzee

volleyball skating
‫واﻟﯾﺑﺎل‬ ‫اِﺳﮑِﯾت ﺑﺎزی‬

hockey rooyé yakh jeemnāsteek

hockey gymnastics
‫ی َﯾﺦ‬
ِ ‫ھﺎﮐﯽ رو‬ ‫ژﯾﻣﻧﺎﺳﺗﯾﮏ‬

vāterpolo asb savāree

water polo horse back riding
‫واﺗِر ﭘوﻟو‬ ‫اَﺳب َﺳواری‬

varzeshé tak nafaré do-eedan

individual sport running
‫رزﺷِ ﮫ َﺗﮏ َﻧ َﻔ ِره‬
ِ ‫َو‬ ‫دوﯾدَ ن‬

dō charkhé savāree koshtee

bicycle riding wrestling
‫دو َﭼرﺧِﮫ َﺳواری‬ ‫ُﮐﺷﺗﯽ‬

badmeenton tenees
badminton tennis
‫َﺑدﻣﯾﻧﺗون‬ ‫ﺗِﻧﯾس‬
 bowleeng bākhtan
bowling losing
‫ﺑوﻟﯾﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧ َﺗن‬

beelyārd
billiards
‫ﺑﯾﻠﯾﺎرد‬
Pronunciation Guide:
kamāngeeree
bow and arrow a short a like in hat

‫َﮐﻣﺎﻧﮕﯾری‬
ā long a like in not
bordan
winning é ending ʻeʼ like in elf
‫ﺑُردَ ن‬
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ghesmat
parts
‫ﻗِﺴﻤَﺖ‬

Lesson 87: Parts of the sar

head
Body (Vocabulary Sprint) ‫ﺳﺮ‬
َ
Parts of the Body: cheshm (chashm)
Note: Colloquial Persian is o en very different from written eye
Persian, and this is demonstrated quite o en with the words ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬
for parts of the body. In the examples below, we first show the
abroo
word the way it is spoken (and taught in the lesson), and in
eyebrow
parentheses, we show how it sounds in written Persian. The
Persian script below reflects the way the word is actually ‫اَﺑﺮو‬
written, not the way it is pronounced in colloquial Persian.
damāgh
ghesmathāyé badan nose
parts of the body ‫دَﻣﺎغ‬
‫ﺪن‬
َ َ ‫ﻗِﺴﻤَﺘﻬﺎی ﺑ‬
beenee
badan nose
body ‫ﺑﯿﻨ‬
‫ﺪن‬
َ َ‫ﺑ‬
 dahan (dahān) chooné (chāné)
mouth chin
‫دَﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻧِﻪ‬ 

lop moo
cheek hair
‫ﻟُﭗ‬  ‫ﻣﻮ‬

dandoon (dandān) gardan

teeth neck
‫دَﻧﺪان‬ ‫ﮔَﺮدَن‬

zaboon (zabān) shooné (shāné)

tongue shoulder
‫زَﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧِﮫ‬

goosh seené
ear chest/breast

‫ﮔﻮش‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻧِﮫ‬

dast
peeshoonee (peeshānee)
hand/arm
forehead
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺎﻧ‬  ‫دَﺳﺖ‬
sheekam (shekam) nākhoon (nākhon)
stomach/tummy fingernail
‫ﺷﮑ َﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎﺧُﻦ‬

del zānoo
heart knee
‫دِل‬ ‫زاﻧﻮ‬

ghalb māheeché
heart muscle
‫ﻗَﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ‬
ِ
jeegar (jegar) khoon
liver blood
‫ﺧﻮن‬
‫ﺟﮕَﺮ‬
ِ
ostokhoon (ostokhān)
pā
bone
foot/leg
‫اُﺳﺘُﺨﻮان‬
‫ﭘﺎ‬
posht
angosht
back
finger
‫ﭘُﺸﺖ‬
‫اَﻧﮕُُﺸﺖ‬
 sotooné fagharāt
ā long a like in not
spine
‫ﺘﻮن ﻓَﻘَﺮات‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬ ُ é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

Pronunciation Guide:
a short a like in hat
 ‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
Lesson 88: Ahmad Shamlou - ‫ﺑﺎ راز ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬
Raz, Part 1 with Tehran von ‫از راه رﺳﯿﺪم‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪم‬
Ghasri
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪی‬
For the guide of this lesson, we will present the original Persian text of the
‫اﺷﮑ ﻓﺸﻮﻧﺪم‬
portion of the poem in its entirety, followed by the phonetic English version
of the poem in its entirety so you can follow along. A erwards, we will ‫اﺷﮑ ﻓﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬
provide a translation of the poem line by line. Please remember this lesson ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ‬
is simply the intro to the poem. In the next few lessons, we will be learning ‫از ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬
all the vocabulary associated with this poem along with other words and
phrases you might need to know to understand it.
bā man rāzee bood,
For now, simply read along with the poem and try to understand the feeling
ké bé kooh go am
and sentiments behind the words. In the following weeks, try to memorize
the portions of the poem we will be going over. bā man rāzee bood,

ABOUT THE POET: ké bé chāh go am,

Shamlou was born in 1925 in Rasht, and he died in 2000 a er a few years of too rāhé derāz,
health problems. He lived through a several revolutions in Iran, and he was
a journalist for a while. He wrote about politics and was part of the Toudeh bé asbé seeyāh go am

party, and was jailed for his writing as well. He also lived through a lot of bee kas ō tanhā,
turmoil in the Islamic Republic, and he stayed in Iran a erwards- he didn't
leave, like so many others. For a few years a er the Islamic revolution bé sanghāyé rāh go am
happened, he did go silent. But he emerged a er that, and did tours of
Europe and he did tours of the US. He was nominated for a Nobel Prize in
1984. He remains one of the most famous contemporary poets from Iran to bā rāzé kohné,
this day.
az rāh reseedam,

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬ harfee naroondam,

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
harfee naroondee,
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ashkee feshoondam,
 ashkee feshoondee,
labāmō bastam,
az cheshām khoondee
bā man rāzee bood
with me there was a secret
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬
ké bé kooh go am
that I told the mountain
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
ké bé chāh go am
that I told the well
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
too rāhé derāz
on the long path
‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬
bé asbé seeyāh go am
I told the black horse
‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
bee kas ō tanhā a short a
Without anyone and alone
‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
bé sanghāyé rāh go am é ending ʻeʼ
I told the stones on the path
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬
bā rāzé kohné,
with a worn secret
‫ﺑﺎ راز ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬
az rāh reseedam
I arrived from the path
‫از راه رﺳﯿﺪم‬
harfee naroondam
I didn't say any word
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪم‬
harfee naroondee
You didn't say any word
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧﺮوﻧﺪی‬
labāmō bastam
I closed my lips
‫ﻟﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ‬
az chashām khoondee
You read it from my eyes
‫از ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬
Pronunciation Guide:
like in hat
ā long a like in not
like in elf
ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound
 ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬

Lesson 89: Ahmad

bā man rāzee bood,
Shamlou - Raz, Part 2
ké bé kooh go am
In this lesson, we go over the first part of the poem Rāz by
Ahmad Shamlou. We covered the general meaning and bā man rāzee bood,
feelings of the poem in the last lesson, and in this lesson we
ké bé chāh go am,
go a bit more in depth.
too rāhé derāz,
First, let's look at the first part of the poem:
bé asbé seeyāh go am

bee kas ō tanhā,

‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫رازی‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
bé sanghāyé rāh go am
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫رازی‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
bā man rāzee bood
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ with me there was a secret
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ رازی ﺑﻮد‬
‫دراز‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺗﻮ‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
 ké bé kooh go am rāz
that I told the mountain secret
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ ‫راز‬

ké bé chāh go am Note: In the poem, Shamlou says bā man rāzee bood- rāz
that I told the well means secret, so what does rāzee mean? Adding an ee to the
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ end makes the meaning of the word ʻa secret' rather than just
ʻsecretʼ. So, he's referring so a particular secret.
too rāhé derāz
on the long path
‫ﺗﻮ راه دراز‬ bā
with
bé asbé seeyāh go am
I told the black horse
‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺐ ﺳﯿﺎه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ man
me
bee kas ō tanhā
‫ﻣَﻦ‬
Without anyone and alone
‫ﺑﯿﮑﺲ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ rāzee
a secret
bé sanghāyé rāh go am
‫رازی‬
I told the stones on the path
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺎی راه ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬ man
me
Now we can go into the individual words and phrases in a bit
‫ﻣَﻦ‬
more detail:
 ké rāh
that path/way
‫ﮐِﻪ‬ ‫راه‬

bé derāz
to long
‫ﺑِﻪ‬ ‫دِراز‬

kooh asb
mountain horse
‫ﮐﻮه‬ ‫اَﺳﺐ‬

go am seeyāh
I told black
‫ﮔُﻔﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎه‬

chāh go am
well I told
‫ﭼﺎه‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‬

too Note: The -é sound you see at the end of asbé seeyāh and rāhé
in derāz is called an ezāfé, and it's a way of linking the two
‫ﺗﻮ‬ words together, to show that the second word is a descriptor
for the first word. So asbé seeyāh means the black horse, and
rāhé derāz means the long path.
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not

 bā rāzé kohné,

az rāh reseedam,

harfee naroondam,
Lesson 90: Ahmad harfee naroondee,
Shamlou - Raz, Part 3 ashkee feshoondam,
In this lesson, we go over the second half of the poem rāz by
Ahmad Shamlou. We'll go over specific words and phrases ashkee feshoondee,

learned in this section.

labāmō bastam,

First, let's take a look of the entire second half of the poem: az cheshām khoondee

bā rāzé kohné,
with a worn secret

‫ﺑﺎ راز ِ ﮐﻬﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ راز ِ ﮐ ُﻬﻨﻪ‬

َ ‫اَز راه رِﺳﯿ‬

‫ﺪم‬ az rāh reseedam
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬
َ I arrived from the path
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬ َ َ ‫اَز راه رِﺳﯿ‬
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫اَﺷﮑ ﻓِﺸﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺪم‬
harfee naroondam
‫اَﺷﮑ ﻓِﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬
I didn't say any word
‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬
َ
ِ ‫اَز‬
‫ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬
 harfee naroondee reseedam
You didn't say any word I arrived
‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬
َ ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫رِﺳﯿ‬ 

labāmō bastam go am
I closed my lips I said
‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬ ‫ﮔُﻔﺘَﻢ‬ 

az chashām khoondee harfee

You read it from my eyes a word
‫ﺣﺮﻓ‬
َ  
ِ ‫اَز‬
‫ﭼﺸﺎم ﺧﻮﻧﺪی‬

kohné harf

worn word

‫ﮐ ُﻬﻨِﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
َ  

rāzé kohné harfee nazadam

a worn secret I didn't say a word

‫راز ِ ﮐ ُﻬﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓ ﻧَﺰَدَم‬

َ  

rāh naroondam

the way I didn't drive

‫راه‬ ‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ ﻧ َﺮوﻧ‬ 
 naroondee labām
you didn't drive my lips
‫ﻧ َﺮوﻧﺪی‬ ‫ﻟَﺒﺎم‬

ashkee labāmō = labām rā

a tear
‫ﻟَﺒﺎﻣﻮ‬
‫اَﺷﮑ‬
Note: rā in Persian is what's known as a ʻdirect object markerʼ.
ash
It's very difficult to translate this concept into English, but
tear
basically, it specifies that you are talking about a particular
‫اَﺷﮏ‬
noun. In the case of labām rā (which is further complicated by
feshoondam being shortened to labāmō), the poet is specifying that he is
I let out talking about his particular lips, not the lips of anyone else.

‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻓِﺸﻮﻧ‬ bastam
feshoondee I closed

you let out ‫ﺑَﺴﺘَﻢ‬

‫ﻓِﺸﻮﻧﺪی‬
cheshm
lab eye

lip ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬
ِ
‫ﻟَﺐ‬
cheshām
my eyes
‫ﭼﺸﺎم‬
ِ
Pronunciation Guide: é ending ʻeʼ like in elf

a short a like in hat

ō ending o sharp o. listen to podcast for exact sound

ā long a like in not