TOS MANISH SINGH

BARCH, s YR (DAY)
R I De fine Soil aa 3
phaae syatm toth heat sketch.
AnSy Soil o 3 phase syatemM Soil Sayx that soil ma s ia made 3
which aMe as
3phaats
soli d , liguid qnd Aseous matter. The solid parrtícles aHe
oalted Soil ainB
he fsee gpace eVoid Space preset blw he particjesg ís qenesually
Plled atic;lly wth wateu and qir
Hese tig,uid phase ia aenetaly eteedte as watey
s air Liquid phase qnd gasesus phase
filla the veid pattly o (omplefely
iNA the vsids which ase net Pilled and gasesus phase
by watet.
In
genesua, these 3 pha awe ndomly mixed
fovming
8tructwre matexfal. They co not occupby sepasuate omplex 2oil
phane. ahaces foo each odheas6
Relative qnd aHngementr
ehese matenials a e sexpenaible fos dhe
SolmaAS Pxopeties. Hence vely muoh impetqut to 8tudy the
velumetric qnd araVi metoic potbertiea sofida , water qd air in Solid ma48.

Solida
0-D 0
Air (1a)
EHater (Li_uid)

Generaly not Sebatate the

we can
bete wndewstandi ng « the behavjsivanous phaAes in Soil mas8 but fo
,

hem in thsee Phase diagram as shownsoi a s t iA

in the fiawe - heceakaMY to ae bavade
EOMaA s e waten bn he left Bi de ard m volume
he igh side e the phaae diagram. ja wsHten en
Total Wa
weigk,w=Ws + w=0 AIR
Tot Votume ,V=Vs +W WATER
W- Tota
=
Vs+Vat V
eiyt Soil
mas&|V= Tetal voduMe o} soil mas
eigt qir Va Velume air Ws SOLIDS
Weigt ude
VVolume ouadt
Vs Volume o Soi
Vy= Vlume o volds
 19bes
Cenditiong a3 phaae syatem Rei
Dy ndition Thix ype of Cond iHion i alse called 2 phase syAtem ef Soil.
Tn thiA conditon he
ombination o air md Selid paticles a kes
place
CuPvesatdsken=e AyR

Greneually ,when the seil maAs gcs Complefely SoLID

day.Then the free 3paces Veida in b/w ane
6
Ws
lled wHh ais. n this aase , lhaul d
qbzent phase semain
Va V
Totl
ueight= Ws tW Ws +O E Ws
2 Stuwn ated nditfen Ths type seil has all he voids
Ailed with wate.
t he sell mass

Hexe, Ny = Ww w Water

Total Leigt , W=
Wst Ww
Total Vafume VstVw Ws Sdid
Vs

VoidRation Void Ratio the ratio

i
ehe votume o the voíds ín the
the Vefurme
ohe solid soil
ín the Soil i unit less
denoted by e'The Volume uantity,
the voidA, Vy = Va t Vw
e Vy Vy Volu me
=
eVoid.
Pososity (n)Porosityn ip define as the
Vefda to the vdume the Seil tio the velume ohe tata
and is
mas t i unit ess
quqntity
expre ABed in
porcentsge .
+ is deneted by n'.
h = Pobpily
1+e Vy= Volume ej veids
e =
Veid Radio
Ais Contert (ac)- t iA defined as the io at the velume
total Vodume o ar (v) t* he
tht vejdk
(Vu). It is obtained
yofume air to the total vef ume oveidg . Then byitdividing the
is expoezged ín
pencevtage. when +he Sell 14 fully SctwLated , jhe (ontnt o air is
Va Velyme air zev.
a Va yTetal Volume Voids
WaleH volu me + Air Vdume)
d Moistwe Context (w) Moisture context e*t wae Context is the rtie
he weiaht he wate o he weigkt a the Solidk îh
he qtven Soil aAB, Jeigkt olids can be
found by
ightin3 he Seil maks afer daying t completely.
W= ww
Ws
Ws ueight o Solids

SpeciiC gravity (SG) > t io relative density e Spe ciffc gravity and
4he atio 8 he deraíly (mass ea unit vetume)
a a ubatan ce o the de naity a given e feren ce
material.
Specific ravity Seil ia calculated by the ratio o the de naity he
aven B4mple o goil he denaity water (Pu) , which is 000 khr
SG d 3 Denaity Seil
R
=Denaity wade
Sil specific gravity es blu 265-2.8 with finer seil
havin4
hiakevalue a n Co as1peM ohe

Degse qSatustati en ) Tre degree s«twation (s) is de Pined as

he ratie the volume woohe to he Volume
&Vefda tia
unit }es quandity.
q

Sy =Vs V= Volume wate Vy= Votume veid4s

Per fully 2atwated seil ma,V =Vv S=1 ,

fer fully day soil maas V 0 0, So

8) Bulk Unit Weiat () > t i the measune the amount selid pastickes
PluA wache pe unit voduMe.
ueight o Solids
we gct o Waten
Vs+Vy Ve Vo yme Soitds
VstVy =V Tstal Velume o soilneak) Vy=Vofume o voida (Vwt Va)
Wst ww
V

h)Day unit weit (a) + he measune of he amout sdid paxtides

p unrt volume
s Weig ht Softda
V VToal Volume
VtVtVa =Vst