1.

1 Define the function of the erector pili muscle 

Cause the hair follicle to stand erect (goose pimples) 
Constrict the flow of blood to the epidermis 
The layer of muscle found below the dermis 
Pumps sebum to the surface of the skin 

2 Define sebum 
Milky fluid found in the axilla and groin 
Sweat (water) that controls body temperature 
A fatty acid that keeps the skin moist and lubricates the hair shaft 
Alkaline solution that balances the Ph level of the skin 

3 List the correct order of the layers of the skin 

"Spinosum, Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Germinativum" 
"Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Germinativum" 
"Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Corneum, Germinativum" 
"Corneum, Spinosum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Germinativum" 

4 " The skin produces two products, these are" 

Melatonin and Vitamin D 
Vitamin E and Myelin 
Melanin and Vitamin E 
Melanin and Vitamin D 

5 " I have a skin disorder, it is as follows. A bacterial infection causing thin

roofed blisters, which weep and leave a thick, yellow crust. It is highly
contagious. What is the disorder?" 
Impetigo 
Warts 
Psoriasis 
Carcinoma 

6 " If you were to supinate your arm, would you" 

Turn it to face downwards 
Move it away from the body 
Turn it to face upwards 
Move it towards the body 

7 Which of the following doesn't contain involuntary muscle 

Digestive system 
Heart 
Respiratory system 
Genito-urinary system 

8 Where would you find the sternocleidomastoid? 

Across the top of the shoulders 
Upper back 
Chest 
Running up the neck 

9 What is the function of the orbicularis oculi 

Raise the corner of the mouth 
Rotates the head 
Closes the eyelid 
Plantarflexes the ankle 

10 What is the cause of fibrositis 

A build up of lactic acid in the muscle 
Overexertion 
Sodium depletion 
Scar tissue that has not healed 

11 Where would you typically find squamous epithilieum 

Lining the circulatory system 
Lining the stomach 
Lining the respiratory system 
Lining the bladder 

12 When a cell reproduces and divides the term is 

Meiosis 
Osmosis 
Mitosis 
Melanosis 
13 Define adipose tissue 
Loose connective tissue 
Semi-solid tissue 
Elastic tissue 
Fatty tissue 

14 " What am I explaining The transfer of a substance by pressure, when the

concentration of the substance on one sife of the membrane if greater than the
other. The transference stops when an equal concentration has been achieved." 
Filtration 
Osmosis 
Diffusion 
Dissolution 

15 What is the majority of a cell made up of 

Carbohydrates 
Cytoplasm 
Protoplasm 
Nucleus 

16 How many vertebrae form the spine 

33 
37 
29 
34 

17 Which is NOT a good example of a long bone 

Metatarsals 
Ribs 
Femur 
Radius 

18 Where would I find the occipital bone 

In the orbital cavity 
The jaw The ankle 
Back of the cranium 
19 What is the cause of osteoperosis 
Growing old 
Calcium deficiency 
Stress 
Autoimmune disease 
B
20 Where would be a good example of a pivot joint 
Between the atlas and axis cervical vertebrae 
Elbow 
Between the carpals and tarsals 
Hip 

21 Which endorine gland secreted the following hormones 

Pineal 
Thyroid Pituitary 
Pancreas 

22 What is the function of thyroxin 

Regulation of water absorption 
Stimulates the contractions of the uterus 
Controls metabolic rate 
Regulates salts in the body 
C

23 Where are the adrenal glands found 

Either side of the neck 
The base of the brain 
In the thorax 
Superior to the kidneys 

24 What does PMS stand for 

Pre Menstrual Syndrome 
Pre Monster Syndrome 
Post Menopausal Syndrome 
Post Menstrual Syndrome 
25 What is the effect of amenhorroea 
Menstruation ever 23 weeks 
Absence of menstruation 
Muscular atrophy 
The patient becomes hirsuit 

26 What is the function of thrombocytes 

Transport of nutrients 
Protect the body from infection 
Blood Clotting 
Solvent in the blood 

27 As you look at the diagram of the heart - what is the top right hand chamber
called 
Right atrium 
Left atrium 
Right ventricle 
Left ventricle 

28 Which chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood return to? 

Right atrium 
Left atrium 
Right ventricle 
Left venticle 
B
29 Which is the main artery that supplies blood to the legs? 
Tibial 
Renal 
Brachial 
Thrombus 

30 What disease am I describing? Inflammation of a vein. 

Phlebitis 
Atherosclerosis 
Haemorrhoids 
Thrombus 
31 How do lymphatic capillaries differ to vascular capillaries 
They do not differ 
They are not porour 
"They are not continuous, they have a blind end" 
They are held open with hoops of hyaline cartilage 

32 What is one of the functions of lymph 

Transport oxygen to the tissue 
Adds lymphocytes to the blood 
Transport carbon dioxide from the tissued 
Bathes tissue in plasma 

34 How is lymph circulated 

It is pumped by the hart 
The spleen pumps lymph 
"Gravity draws it to the hands and feet, where it is returned to the blood
stream." 
A combination of skeletal muscle contraction and valves in the veins. 

35 What is the function of lymph nodes 

The filter lymph only 
To produce new lymphocytes only 
A point of reentry to the blood stream for the lymph fluid 
To filter lymph and produce new lymphocytes 

36 Which part of the brain has control over cardiac output 

Cerebrum 
Cerebellum 
Medulla oblongata 
Pons varolii 

37 Define dendrites 
A long single nerve fibre 
Nerve fibres - like branches that transmit nerve impulses 
The centre of the neurone A 
point where one neurone meets another 
 38 What does the peripheral nervous system do? 
Transmits information (sensory and motor) to and from the body 
Stimulates the body's involuntary organs 
Slows down the body 
Transmission of the sensory information only 

39 Name a reaction of the nervous system outside the control of the brain 
Digestion 
Respiration 
Reflexes 
Heartbeat 

40 What would be symptom of bells palsy 

Pain down the lower back and leg 
Tremor Loss of co-ordination 
Facial paralysis 

1 A, 2 C, 3 B, 4 D, 5 A, 6 C, 7 B, 8 D, 9 C, 10 A, 11 A, 12 C, 13 D, 14 B, 15 B, 16 A,
17 b, 18 D, 19 B, 20 A, 21 C, 22 C, 23 D, 24 A, 25 B, 26 C, 27 B, 28 B, 29 D, 30 A,
31 C, 32 B, 34 D, 35 D, 36 C, 37 B, 38 A, 39 C, 40 D 

#1Student Helper, Feb 5, 2008

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Paper 2 

1 Chloasma can be recognized by: 

White patches of skin 
Yellow patches of skin 
Red patches of skin with silvery scales 
Brown patches of skin 

2 The skin has the ability to absorb: 

Mineral oils 
Chemical substances 
Water 
Aqueous creams 

3 Which of the following can be found in the epidermis? 

Elastin Melanocytes 
Lymph vessels 
Sweat glands 

4 The dermal papilla can be found in the: 

Stratum germinativum 
Subcutaneous layer 
Layer between the epidermis and dermis 
At the base of the hair follicle 

5 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of the skin? 
Stratum Spinosum 
Dermis 
Stratum Granulosum 
Stratum Germinativum 

6 The action of the masseter muscle is to: 

Raise the lower jaw 
Raise the lips 
Flex the head 
Compress the nasal opening 

7 The pterygoids are: 

Bone 
Layer of skin 
Muscle 
Nerve 

8 The lymphatic system relies on the muscular system for: 

Leverage 
Movement 
Digestion 
Absorption 

9 The action of the biceps femoris is to: 

"Flex the hip, extend the knee" 
Abduct the leg 
"Extend the hip, flex the knee" 
Flex the arm 

10 The action of the gluteus medius is to: 

Rotate the femur 
Adduct and laterally rotate the femur 
Flex the femur 
Abduct and medially rotate the femur 

11 Endoplasmic reticulum: Is a protein factory 

Forms a network of canals 
Combines carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy 
Releases energy and forms adenosine triphosphate 

12 Mitosis is the process of: 

Cell structure 
Protection against UV light 
Eliminating toxins from the skin 
Cell division 

13 Areolar tissue is a type of: 

Connective tissue 
Epithelial tissue 
Nervous tissue 
Muscular tissue 

14 The functions of the areolar tissue include: 

"Protection, insulation" 
"Support, connection" 
"Stretch, recoil" 
"Lining, absorption" 

15 At the telophase stage of mitosis: 

Pairs of chromatids divide and identical halves of the pairs move to each end of the
cell 
The spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate. 
"Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to the
spindle by its centromere" 
The centrosome divides in two 

16 Cancellous bone is found: 

On the outside of short bones 
In the shaft of long bones 
In the ends of long bones 
In an infected bone 

17 The common name for a zygomatic bone is: 

Jaw bone 
Cheek bone 
Forehead 
Skull bone 

18 The innominate bones are: 

The clavicle and scapula 
Sacrum and coccyx 
Pubis and femur 
Ilium and ischium 

19 The bones of the cranium include: 

"Parietal, occipital" 
"Palatine, nasal" 
"Maxilla, zygomatic" 
"Lacrimal, vomer" 

20 The elbow joint is a: 

Pivot joint 
Fixed joint 
Hinge joint 
Gliding joint 

21 The functions of the adrenal medulla hormones include: 

Regulation of salts in the body 
Maintenance of calcium levels in plasma 
Regulation of water absorption 
Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' 

22 The endocrine system works closely with the nervous sdystem to provide: 
Homeopathy 
Homeosapien 
Homeostasis 
Imbalance in the body 

23 Hyposecretion of vasopressin includes: 

Oedema 
High blood pressure 
Diabetes Insipidus 
Low blood pressure 

24 Hormones are carried in the: 

circulatory system 
Lymphatic system 
Nervous system 
Respiratory system 

25 Hypersecretion of thyroxin can cause: 

Graves disease 
Myxoedema 
Cretinism 
Dwarfism 

26 The function of the venules is to: 

Carry oxygenated blood from the capilleries to the larger veins 
Carry oxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capilleries 
Carry deoxygenated blood from the capilleries to the larger veins 
Carry deoxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capilleries 

27 Thrombocytes are: 
Cells that fight infection 
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin 
Cells responsible for blood clotting 
Cells that form collagen 

28 Erythrocytes are: 
Cells that fight infection 
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin 
Cells responsible for blood clotting 
Cells that form collagen 

29 The function of thrombocytes is to: 

Produce antibodies 
Protect the body from infection 
Eat bacteria and other micro-organisms 
Clot the blood 

30 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include: 
"Digital, saphenous" 
"Cephalic, basilic" 
"Median, peronial" 
"Sciatic, humeral" 

31 Lymph is drained back into the bloodstream through the: 

Lymphatic capilleries 
Lymphatic nodes 
Lymphatic ducts 
Spleen 
32 The functions of the spleen include: 
Collect and drain lymph 
Transport excess waste away from the tissues 
Destroy thrombocytes 
Destroy lymphocytes 

33 The function of a lymph vessel is to: 

Work with the blood to collect and distribute waste 
Transport lymph to the arteries 
Transport lymph 
Transport lymph to the veins 

34 Lymph flow is hindered by: 

Muscular activity 
Arterial pulsation 
Infection 
Peristaltic action 

35 The cervical lymph nodes are situated: 

In front of the ear 
Behind the ear 
Under the chin 
On the neck 

36 The part of the nervous system which works closely with the respiratory
system for inhalation is the: 
Cerebrum 
Cerebellum 
Medulla oblongata 
Spinal cord 

37 The sympathetic nervous system affects the heart by: 

Accelerating the action of the heart 
Constricting the flow of blood to the heart 
Slowing down the action of the heart 
Lowering blood pressure 

38 The brachial nerves supply the: 

"Muscles of the neck, shoulder and skin" 
"Skin and muscles of the lower abomen, thighs and groin" 
Muscles from the base of the neck to the fingertips and skin 
Chest muscles and the main part of the abdominal wall 

39 Neuralgia can be defined as: 

Shooting pains along the course of a nerve 
Pain down the back and outside of the thigh 
Disease of the basal ganglia 
Paralysis or weakness of one side of the face 

40 The muscular and nervous systems work together to: 

Control and coordinate movement 
Regulate body changes 
Protect 
Reproduce 

41 In the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle which hormone is produced: 

Progesterone 
Testosterone 
Follicle stimulating 
Luteinising 

42 Amenorrhoea is defined as: 

Constantly menstruating 
Painful menstruation 
Absence of menstruation 
Very heavy menstruation 

43 The function of the large intestine includes: 

Ingestion 
Indigestion 
Digestion 
Excretion 

44 Lipase digests: 
Starch 
proteins 
fats 
Carbohydrates 

45 Peptones are digested in the: 

Stomach 
Jejunum 
Duodenum 
Ileum 

46 Emphysema is: 
Inflammation of the lung tissuee 
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes 
Inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs 
Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli 

47 The structure of the pleura is: 

Yellow elastic connective tissue 
Areolar tissue Serous membrane 
Columnar epithelium tissue 

48 The functions of the trachea include: 

A collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cells 
Act as a passageway between the larynx and pharynx 
To moisten and warm the air 
To allow exchange of gases to take place 

49 Define Bright's Disease 

Inflammation of the eye 
Inflammation of the kidney 
Inflammation of the bladder 
Inflammation of the liver 

50 Cystitis is defined as an: 

Inflammation of the urethra 
Inflammation of the kidney 
Inflammation of the ureter 
Inflammation of the bladder
 

#2Student Helper, Feb 5, 2008

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Paper 3 

2 The cause of Addison's Syndrome are: 

Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones 
Hyposecretion of the female sex hormones 
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones 
Hypersecretion of the female sex hormones 

3 Oxygen is carried in the blood by: 

Leucocytes 
Thrombocytes 
Erythrocytes 
Lymphocytes 

6 The effects on the digestive system of the parasympathetic nervous system

include: 
"Increase in secretion of pancreatic juices, micturition" 
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juices" 
"Delay in digestion, inhibition of secretion of digestive juices" 
"Inhibition of micturition, decreate in secretion of pancreatic juices" 
7 The knee joint is a: 
Pivot joint 
Hinge joint 
Gliding joint Ball and socket joint 

8 Cystitis is defined as inflammation of the: 

Urethra 
Kidney 
Ureter
Bladder 

9 The enzymes trypsin can be found in the: 

Juices from the pancreas 
Bile from the gall bladder 
Juices from the stomach
Bile from the liver 

2 A, 3 C, 6 B, 7 B, 8 D, 9 A

Paper 7 

1 The tongue plays an important part in: 

"Digestion, mastication, swallowing" 
"Ingestion, taste, digestion" 
"Mastication, elimination, swallowing" 
"Swallowing, mastication, taste" 

2 Ingestion takes place in the: 

Stomach 
Small intestine 
Mouth 
Large intestine 

3 The action of pepsin is to: 

Curdle milk 
Break down proteins into peptones 
Break down polypeptides into amino acids 
Break down polysaccharides into disaccharides 
4 A deficiency of Vitamin K causes: 
Anaemia Lack of energy 
Haemorrhage 
Diarrhoea 

5 Which enzyme does hydrochloric acid activate? 

Trypsin 
Rennin 
Lactase 
Pepsin

6 At the interphase stage of mitosis: 

Pairs of chromatids divide and identical halves of the pairs move to each end of the
cell. 
The spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate 
"Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to the
spindle by its centromere" 
The cell is resting 

7 The function of adipose tissue is to: 

Enable stretch and recoil 
Connect and support other tissues 
Protect and insulate the body 
Help support and move the body 

8 Areolar tissue is a type of: 

Connective tissue 
Epithelial tissue 
Nervous tissue 
Muscular tissue 

9 Endoplasmic reticulum: Is a protein factory 

Forms a network of canals 
Combines carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy 
Releases energy and forms adenoisine triphosphate 

10 A ligament connects: 
Bone to bone 
Muscle to muscle 
Muscle to bone 
Muscle to skin 

11 Lymph is drained back into the blood stream through the: 

Lymphatic capillaries 
Lymphatic nodes 
Lymphatic ducts 
Spleen 

12 The functions of the lymph nodes include: 

Act as a biological filter 
Increase water content of lymph 
Transport oxygen 
Regulate body temperature 
A

13 The submandibular nodes are situated: 

In front of the ear 
Behind the ear 
Under the jaw bond 
On the neck 

14 The function of a lumph vessel is to : 

Work with blood to collect and distribute waste 
Transport lymph to arteries 
Transport lymph 
Transport lymph to veins 

15 The digestive and lymphatic systems work together to: 

Aid in the digestion of carbohydrates 
Aid the elimination of carbohydrates 
Aid in the digestion of fats 
Aid the elimination of fats 

16 Control of the balance and co-ordination are functions of the: 

Pons varolii 
Cerebral cortex 
Medulla oblongata 
Cerebellum 

17 The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system include: 

"Increase in the secretion of pancreatic juices, micturition, delay in digestion" 
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juices, micturition" 
"Delay in digestion, inhibition of secretion of digestive juices, inhibition of
micturition" 
"Increase in digestion, inhibition of micturition, decrease in secretion of pancreatic
juices" 

18 The fifth cranial nerve is the: 

Optic nerve 
Trochlea nerve 
Trigeminal nerve 
Facial nerve 

19 The nervous system overworks in times of stress causing: 

Decreased heart rate 
Low blood pressure 
Sciatica 
Muscle tension 

20 The functions of the myelin sheath include: 

To help regenerate nerve cells 
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body 
To speed up nerve conduction 
To slow down nerve conduction 

21 Which of the following statements is true? 

The right lung consists of three distinct lobes
Tidal volue is greater than vital capacity 
The pulmonary ateries carry oxygenated blood away from the lungs 
The walls of the alveoli are lined with transitional epithelium

22 The trachea is made of: 

Incomplete rings of yellow elastic tissue 
Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage 
Complete rings of yellow elastic tissue 
Complete rings of hyaline cartilage 

23 Which of the following is not a function of the skin: 

Waterproofing 
Fat storage 
Vitamin D production 
Vitamin E production 

24 The epidermis contains: 

Hair papillae 
Blood vessels 
Melanocytes 
Adipose cells 

25 Acne vulgaris is: 

Congenital 
Viral 
Fungal Bacterial 

26 Erthrocytes are cells that: 

Fight infection Transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin 
Are responsible for blood clotting 
Cells that form collagen 

27 The characteristics of arteries include: 

"Thick walled, small lumen" 
Transport blood to the heart 
"Thin walled, think lumen" 
"Thin walled, large lumen" 

28 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include: 
"Digital, saphenous" 
"Cephalic, basilic" 
"Median, peroneal" 
"Sciatic, humeral" 

29 The release of noradrenaline causes: 

Vasoconstriction 
Vasodilation 
Dilation of muscle fibres 
Accelerates conversion of glycogen to glucose 

30 The cause of Cushing's Disease inlcude the: 

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoid hormones 
Hyposecretion of adrenocorical hormones 
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones 
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones 

31 The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones: 
"Oestrogen, prolactin" 
"Corticosteroids, follicle stimulating"
"Thyrotropin, human growth" 
"Vasopressin, oxytocin" 

32 Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland can cause: 

Dwarfism 
Graves disease 
Cretinism 
Myxoedema 

33 Hormones are carried in the: 

Circulatory system 
Lymphatic system 
Nervous system 
Respiratory system 

34 The action of the infraspinatus muscle is to: 

Rotate the arm inwards 
Adduct the arm 
Rotate the arm outwards 
Abduct the arm 

35 Which of the following statements is true? 

A concentric contraction involves shortening of the muscle 
An eccentric contraction partically moves through a contraction 
An isotonic contraction is a static contraction with no movement 
An isometric contraction involves lengthening of a muscle 

36 Define muscle fatigue: 

Inability to relax a muscle 
Inability of a muscle to contract 
Inability of a muscle to sustain relaxation 
Inability of a muscle to sustain a contraction

37 The origin of the sartorius muscle is: Tuberosity of the ischium 

Pubis 
Linea aspera 
Anterior superior 
iliac spine 

38 The insertion of the trapezius muscle is: 

Vertebral border of the scapula 
Occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae 
Clavicle and spine of scapula 
Bicipital groove of the humerus 

39 Which structure is common to both the urinary and reproductive system in the
male? 
Ureters 
Testes 
Urethra 
Bladder 

40 Lordosis is defined as: 

Exaggerated inward curvature of the spine 
Sideways curvature of the spine 
Exagerrated outward curvature of the spine 
Porosity and brittleness of bones 

41 The bones of the cranium include: 

"Parietal, occipital" 
"Palatine, nasal" 
"Maxilla, zygomatic" 
"Lacrimal, vomer" 
42 A saddle joint allows: 
"Flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction" 
No movement 
"Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation" 
"Plantarflexion, extension, circumduction, supination" 

43 The minerals that bones store include: 

Magnesium 
Zinc 
Phosphorus 
Iron 

44 Cancellous bone is found: 

On the outside of short bones 
In the shafts of long bones 
In the ends of long bones 
In infected bones 

45 Define cystitis 
Inflammation of the urethra 
Inflammation of the kidney 
Inflammation of the ureter 
Inflammation of the bladder 

Paper 7 Answers

1 D,2 C,3 B, 4 C, 5D, 6D, 7 C, 8 A, 9 B, 10 a, 11 c, 12 a, 13 c, 14 c, 15 c, 16 d, 17 b, 18

c, 19 d, 20 c, 21 a, 22 b, 23 d, 24 c, 25 d, 26 b, 27 a, 29 a, 30 c, 31 d, 32 b, 33 a, 34
c, 35 a, 36 d, 37 d, 38 c, 39 c, 40 a, 41 a, 42 a, 43 a, 44 c, 45 d
 

#3Student Helper, Feb 5, 2008

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Paper 14 

1 Where is DNA contained? 

2 At what stage of mitosis does the nucleolus disappear? 

3 Which of the following statements is true? 

Skin absorbs chemicals through the dermis 
Skin is a waterproof barrier 
Skin absorbs water through the epidermis 
Skin is non-waterproof 

4 Which systems regulate the temperature of the body?

Blood supply and Sebaceaous glands 
Blood supply and sweat glands 
Blood supply only 

5 What are the symptoms of Urticaria? 

6 What are the symptoms of Excema? 

7 How many vertebrae are there in the spine? 

8 " What type of joint does the Tibia, Fibula and Talus form?" 

9 Which of the following is an example of a short bone? 

10 Which muscle closes the mouth? 

11 Which muscle do you use when coughing? 

12 Which muscle flexes the hip and rotates the femur medially? 
Possibly iliopsoas 

13 Which muscle do you use when opening a door handle? 

14 Which type of cell is a biconcave disc with no nucleus? 

15 The veins form which organs do not form part of the Hepatic-portal? 
Stomach 
Spleen 
Pancreas 
Caecum 

16 What is the wall between the two sides of the heart called? 

17 Which vein goes to the kidneys? 

18 Which endocrine gland is related to the kidneys? 

19 What does lymphatic tissue do? 

Filter and destroy harmful bacteria 
Produce Anti-bodies 
Produce Lymphocytes 
Absorb fatty droplets 

20 How many cervical nerves are there? 

21 How many lumbar nerves are there? 

22 Which system does acetylcholine work with? Not sure on the wording of this
one 
23 Which condition affects the face only? 
Bells palsey 
Parkinsons 
Neuritus 
Neuralgia 

24 Wher is the pineal gland situated? 

25 Which disease causes Atrophy and Weakness? 
Graves disease 
Cushings disease 
Cretinism 
Addison's disease 

26 Where does fertilisation take place? 

27 What does the lobes of the breast produce? 

28 Which of the following does not break down carbohydrates? 

Maltase 
Sucrase 
Lactase
Lipase 

29 What does the trachea do? 

30 Which of the following is not stored by the liver? 

Vitamin A 
Vitamin K 
Vitamin B12 
Vitamin B6 

31 Which Sphincter is at the opening of the small intestine? 

32 Which organ does not contain Lymphatic tissue? 

Paper 8 

1 Which artery contains deoxygenated blood 

a.Aorta 
Pulmonary 
c.None 
d.Saphenous 

2 What is small vain called? 

Arteriole 
Venule 
Vena 
d.Capillary 

3 What blood vessels lead directly away from capillaries? 

a.Arterioles 
Lymph vessels 
c.Veins 
d.Venules 

4 What vain drains the back of the head 

Palmer 
Temporal 
c.Mandibular 
d.Occipital 

5 Into what does the right lymphatic duct enter? 

a.The heart 
Right subscapular vein 
c.Left Subclavian vain 
d.Right Subsclavian vain 

6 What artery supplies the chin 

a.Temporal 
Facial c.Maxillary 
d.Mandibular 

7 What is the name of aorta that heads down to the trunk 

a.Aortic arch 
Mesenteric aorta 
c.Descending aorta 
d.ascending aorta 

8 Which blood vessels has the smallest lumen 

a.Venule 
Artery 
c.Vein
d.Capillary 

9 Which blood vessel is the most elastic 

a.Vein Artery 
c.arteriole 
d.venule 

10 Which organ is supplied by the renal artery 

a.Spleen 
Kidney 
Liver 
d.Stomach 

11 How many red blood cells at a time can pass trough capillaries 
a.One 
5.000.000 
c.None 
d.Two 

12 By what process does CO2 pass from cells to the blood 

a.Pinocytosis 
Diffusion 
c.Osmosis 
d.Phagocytosis 

13 Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood arround 

Bottom right 
Top left 
c.Top right 
d.Bottom left 

14 What blood vesels come from the lungs to the heart 

a.Pulmonary arteries 
Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary vains 
c.Pulmonary vains 
d.Aorta 

15 What type of blood does the pulmonary vains carry 

RH neg 
Deoxygenated 
c.Oxygenated 
d.Blue 

16 The tunica adventica makes up which layer of blood vessels? 

a.Outer layer 
Mid layer 
c.Inner layer 
d.Pericardium 

17 The main wall of artries and vains is made from wich tissue 
a.Elastin 
fibrous collagen 
c.Endothelium 
d.Muscle and elastic 

18 Which vain carries blood from the small intestinw to the liver before going to
the heart 
a.Pancreatic vain 
hepatic vain 
c.Hepatic portal vain 
d.Renal and hepatic vain 

19 What name is given to small vains leaving the lissue 

Lymph capillries 
Lymphatics 
c.Venule 
d.Capillaries 

20 The outer layer (tunica adventitiof an artery is composed of what 

a.Epitelial tissue 
Adipose tissue 
c.connective tissue 
d.nerve tissue 

21 The outer layer of an artery called the tunica intima is composed of what 
a.simple squamous epitelium 
adipose fat 
c.musscle tissue 
d.stratified squamous epithelium 
22 tha outer layer of an artery caontains collagen and what other fibresa 
a.Muscle fibres 
Elastic fibres 
c.cartilage 
d.fat 

23 The inner layer of an artery composed of simple squamous epitelium is called

what 
a.membrane 
varicose tissue 
c.serous membrane 
d.endothelium 

24 Vains that loose their elasticity trough strtching are said to be what 
a.stretched 
elongated 
c.not elasticised 
d.varicose 

25 which white cells give rise to the immune response which involves a memory of
an ancounter 
All leucocytes 
Erythrocytes 
c.Lymphocytes 
d.Thrombocytes 

26 which lymhocytes are produced in the bone marrow of an infant 

a.Red lymhocytes 
T-lymhocytes 
c.B-lymhocytes 
d.Monocytes 

27 T-lymhocytes mature into T-cells in which organ of the child 

a.small intestine 
tonsils 
c.Thymus gland 
d.spleen 
28 Vaccines act as a harmless antigen to stimulate the production of what aginst a
specific disease 
a.neutrophilis 
antybodies 
c.monocytes 
hormones 

29 "what does an antigen-antibody structure cause, when activating cells which

produce histamine" 
a.red face 
paleness 
cfaint 
d.allergy 

30 What do we call an intense allergic reaction thet can cause collapse or death 
a.autoimmute reaction 
anaphylactic reaction 
c.a reflex action 
d.cushin's syndrome 

31 What type of immunity involves administering antibodies produces by someone

else 
a.passive immunity 
active immunity 
c.natural immunity 
d.acquired immunity 

32 What type of immunity involves producing immunity by stimulating antibodies to

vaccines
a.active immunity 
acquired immunity 
c.passive immunity 
d.natural immunity 

33 Antibodies that have been produced in responce to exposure to the actual

disease is known 
a.passive immunity 
active immunity 
c.natural immunity 
d.acquired immunity 

34 What type of immunity indicates that protection has been brought about by
vaccinatoin
a.acquired immunity 
natural immunity 
c.active immunity 
d.passive immunity 

35 which lymph organ destoys bacteria and worn out red blood cells and platelets 
a.Peyer's patches 
Liver 
c.Thoracic duct 
d.spleen 

36 What disease is characterised by the body not recognising some of its own
chemical structures 
a.Hodgkin's 
lymphoma 
c.cancer 
d.Autoimmune disease 

37 what antibodies does group A blood plasma carry 

a.anti A-antibodies 
anti B -antibodies 
c.anti A and B antibodies 
d.neither 

38 which blood groups plasma carries both anti A and anti B antibodies 
a.Group A 
Group A and B 
c.Group 0
d.Group AB 

39 If during blood transfusion group A is given to a person with group B or group O

the transfusion will be what 
a.successful 
Reds cells of both groups will be damaged 
c.Only the patient from group B will be damaged 
d.Only the patient from group O will be damaged 

40 What blood group has B present but A absent 

a.Group AB 
Group A 
c.Group B 
Group O 

41 What special factor or antigen do most people carry 

a.factor c 
blue blood 
c.rhesus factor 
d.anti D 

42 People carry the rhesus antigen are said to be what 

a.RH positive 
RH neg 
c.Haemophiliacs 
d.carrying hepatitis

43 Which membrane containing a watery fluid surrounds the heart 

a.cardiac notch 
endocardium 
pericardium 
d.cardioac sphinter 

44 of what type of tissue is the heart mainly composed 

a.connective 
voluntary 
c.cardiac muscle tissue 
d.visceral 

45 What is plasma accuring outside of the blood vessels known as 

tissue fluid 
serum 
lymph 
d.factor d 

46 what is tissue fluid inside a lymphatic capillary called 

a.capillary tissue fluid 
chyle 
c.lymph 
d.lymph ducts 

47 what structures help to drain excess fliud and waste products from the tissue
spaces 
a.lymph nodes 
lymph vessels 
lymph capillaries 
d.lymph ducts 

48 what filter out ingested bacteria and other potentially dangerous foreign
bodies from lymph 
lymph nodes 
lymphatics 
c.thymus glands 
d.chyle 

49 what is present to make lymphatic vessels appear to be

knotted 
clotting agent 
bacteria 
lymph valves 
d.lymph nodes 

50 what name is given to the two major drainage vessels of the lymph system 
the thoracic ducts 
right lymphatic duct 
c.right lymph duct and thoracic duct 
d.cisterna chili 

51 which lymphatic duct drains the left side of the body including both legs 
a.left lymphatic duct 
right thoracic duct 
c.Right lymphatic duct 
d.thoracic duct 

52 the thoracic duct begins at a swollen sac called what 

a.Payer'r patches 
Cisterna chili 
c.axillary node 
d.inguinal node

53 Into what does the thoracic duct empty 

a.right subclavian vein 
Left subclavian vein 
c.Carotid artery 
d.internal jugular veins 

54 the subclavian veins are beneath which bones 

a.Vertebrae 
sternum and ribs 
c.scapula 
d.collar bones 

55 The flow of lymph from tissue to large lymphatic ducts is mainly due to the
action of what 
a.expiration 
Skeletal muscles 
c.hormones 
d.heart rate 

Paper 8 Answers 

1 , 2 B, 3 D, 4 , 5 D, 6 B, 7 C, 8 D, 9 B, 10 B, 11 A, 12 B, 13 d, 14c, 15 c, 16 a, 17 d, 18
c, 
D, 14 C, 15 C, 16 A,17 d, 18 c, 19 c, 20 c, 21 a, 22 b, 23 d, 24 d, 25 c, 26 b, 27 c, 28
b, 29 d, 30 b, 31 a, 32 A, 33 c, 34 a, 35 d, 37 b, B, 38 C 39 B, 40 C, 41 C, 42 A, 43
C,44 C, 45 A, 46 C, 47 C, 48 A, 49 C, 50 C, 51 C, 52 B, 53 B, 54 D, 55 B
 

#4Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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Paper 9

1 How long do cels from the stratum germinativum take to reach the surface of the
skin? 
5- 7 days 
12 - 14 days 
19 - 21 days 
28 - 30 days 

2 Which skin condition is characterised by irregular areas of increased

pigmentation oftem as a result of pregnancy? 
vitiligio 
chloasma 
papilloma 
erythema 

3 Which of the following can be found in the epidermis? 

lymph vessels 
elastin malanocytes 
sweat glands 
4 The skin has the ability to absorb 
mineral oils 
chemical substances 
water 
ageous oils 

5 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of the skin? 
stratum spinosum 
stratum germinitivum 
stratum granulosum 
dermis 

6 The action of the orbicularis oris is to 

close the eyes 
pout lips as in kissing 
draw the eyebrows inwards 
smiling

7 which muscle lies deep to gatrocnemius 

tibialis anterior 
peroneous longus 
soleus 
extensor digitorium longus 

8 the hamstring muscles are 

"rectus femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus" 
"biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus" 
"adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus" 
"rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis" 
8.b

9 Atrophy is? 
lack of muscle tome or tension in a muscle 
painful localised and involuntary contraction of one or more muscles 
c)muscle fibres contract for much longer than necessary wasting away o
failure to reach normal size or bulk of muscle 

10 A ligament 
connects bone to bone 
connects muscle to bone 
connects muscle to ligaments 
connects bone to ligaments 

11 Endoplasmic reticulum 
forms protein 
forms network of canals 
releases energy in the form of ATP 
carries chromosomes 

12 Aerolar tissue is a type of 

nervous tissue 
epithelial tissue 
connective tissue 
muscular tissue 

13 Hyaline cartridge 
reduces priction and absorbs shock at joints 
is flexible and readily springs back into shape 
enables organs to slide freely against each other to prevent friction 
cushion and lubricated the end of bones 

14 At the telophase stage of mitosis 

the centrosomes divides into 2 centrioles 
the spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate 
"the contrsomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to
the spindle by its centromere" 
the cell is resting 

15 ciliated epithelium 
lines ost of the digestive tract 
lines the bladder and ureters 
forms the top 5 layers of the skin 
lines the respiratory passages 

16 the innominate bones are 

clavicle and scapula 
sacrum and coccyx 
pubis 
ilium and ischium 

17 the bones of the cranium include 

parietal and occipital 
palatine and nasal 
mailla and zygomatic 
"lacrimal, vomer" 

18 the shoulder joint is a 

saddle joint 
gliding joing 
ball and socket joint 
hinge joint 

19 cancellousbone is found 
on the outside of short bones 
in the shaft of long bones 
in the ends of long bones 
in an infected bone 

20 which of these is part of the appendicular skeleton 

skull 
vertebral column 
ribs 
pelvic girdle 

21 the endocrine system works closeley with the nervous system to provide
homeostatis 
homeopathy 
imbalance in the body 
homesapien 

22 Hyposecretion of vasopressin includes 

oedema 
high blood pressure 
diabetes insipidus 
low blood pressure 

23 Hormones are carried in the 

ciculatory system 
lymphatic system 
nervous system 
respiratory system 

24 Hypersecretion of gluco-corticoids causes 

addisons disease 
cushings syndrome 
polycystic ovaries 
d)hirsutism 

25 The pancreas secretes hormones which 

regulate water absorbtion 
regulate mineral balance 
regulate calcium balance 
regulate glucose balance 

26 Thrombocytes are 
cells that fight infection 
cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin 
cells responsible for clotting 
cells that form collagen 

27 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include 
"digital, saphenous" 
"cephalic, basilic" 
"median, sciatic" 
"humeral, radial" 

28 Arteriosclerosis is 
a build up of fats inside the arteries 
a degenerative disease of the arteries 
reduction in the ability to carry oxygen 
blood's inability to clot 

29 Arteries 
carry oxygenated blood: they have thick muscular walls 
carry deoxygenates blood; they have thick muscular walls 
lie deep in the tissues; they contain valves 
run alongside veins; have thin walls 

30 the function of venules is to: 

carry oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins 
carry oxygenated blood from the larger veings to the capillaries 
carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins 
carry deoxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries 

31 The lympatic nodes located in the crease of the elbow are called
auricular nodes 
supratrochlear nodes 
submandibular nodes 
inguinal nodes 

32 Lymph is drained back into the blood stream through the 

spleen lymphatic nodes 
lymphatic capillaries 
lymphatic ducts 

33 The function of the lacteals in the lining of the small intestine is to 
carry digested fat 
absorb water 
filter lymph 
make lympocytes 

34 which of the following areas contain lymphatic tissue 

tonsils and appendix 
appendix and liver 
tonsils and adrenal glands 
adrenal glands and spleen 

35 the funtions of the spleen include 

collect and drain lymph 
transport excess waste away from the tissue 
destroy thrombocytes 
destroy lymphocytes 

36 the part of the nervous system which works closeley with the respiratory
system for inhalation is the 
spinal cord 
cerebrum 
cerebellum 
medulla oblongata 

37 the brachial nerves supply 

chest muscles and main part of the abdominal wall 
"skin and muscles of lower abdomen, thighs and groin" 
muscles and skin from base of neck to fingertips 
muscles and skin of neck and shoulder 

38 which one of the following is the fatty covering of an axon 

neuroglia 
neurilemma 
myelin sheath 
adipose tissue 

39 white matter is found 

on the outise of the brain and inside of the spinal cord 
on the outise of the brain only 
on the inside of the brain and outisde of the spinal cord 
on the outside of the spinal cord only 

40 bells plasy is 

bouts of burning or stabbing pain along the nerve 
pain down back and outisde of thigh 
facial paralysis caused by injury or infection of facial nerve 
blood poisening 

41 which one of the following is a function of the vas deferens 

a)acts as a passageway for sperm 
carries testosterone to the blood stream 
acts as a site for immature sperm to develop 
acts now as a passagewayor semen and urine 
42 human ovulation normally occurs every 
14 days 
28days 
40 days
60 days 

43 the function of the large intestine includes 

ingestion 
indegestion 
digestion 
excretion 

44 Trypsin digests 
starch 
proteins 
fats 
carbohydrates 

45 peptones are digested in the 

stomach 
jejunum
diodenum 
ileum 

46 the epiglottis 
closed trachea when swollowing 
closes oesophagus during breathing 
prevents the trachea from collapsing 
closes the nasal cavity when swollowing 

47 the membranes surrounding the lungs comprise of 

the pericardium
periosteum 
pleura 
perichondrium 

48 Emphysema is 
inflammation of the lung tissue
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs 
loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli 

49 which of the following is the part of the kidney which acts as a filter 
loop of henle 
glomerular capsule 
collecting tubule 
the renal pelvis 

50 another name for nephritis is 

addisons disease 
cystitis
bright's deisease 
S.A.D. 
1 d, 2 b, 3 c, 4 b, 5c, 6 b,7 c, 8 b, 9d, 10 a, 11 b, 12 c, 13a, 14 b, 15 d, 16 d, 17 a, 18 c,
19 c, 20 d, 21 a, 22 c, 23 a, 24 b, 25 d, 26 c, 27 b, 29 a, 30 c, 31 b, 32 d, 33 a, 34 a,
35 c, 36 d, 37 c, 38 c, 39, c, 40 c, 41 a, 42 b, 43 d, 44 b, 45 a, 46 a, 47 c, 48 d, 49
b, 50 c

1 Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis: 

sweat gland 
keratin 
hair follicle 
melanin 

2 Where is the frontal bone? 

chest 
forehead 
leg 
shoulder 

3 Which is the 2nd cervical bone? 

atlas 
axis 
neck 
tibia 
4 What links the liver to the circulatory system? 
alcohol content 
biliousness 
plasma
proteins 
the digestion 

5 Which disease results in muscular atrophy & weakness? 

Graves 
Addisons 
Cushings 
Edwards 

6 What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid? 

extends & rotates head 
flexes & rotates head 
bends neck from side to side 
abducts the mastoid 

7 Which muscle adducts & flexes the humerus? 

flexor carpi digitorum 
pronator teres 
coracobrachialis 
triceps 

8 What is the action of the rectus femoris? 

flexes the knee & extends the hip 
flexes the hip & extends the knee 
medially rotates the pronated ankle 
flexes the hip & big toe 

9 What is cancer of the lymphatic tissue called? 

leukemia 
hodgkinsons 
squamous cell 
carcinoma 
brights 
10 Which skin condition presents with a red itchy rash 
urticaria 
eczema 
acne rosacea 
chloasma 

11 Eczema is 
congenital 
bacterial 
viral 
fungal 

12 The spindle threads of the centrioles divide to form new centromeres & the cell
membrane begins to constrict 
during interphase 
at the end of anaphase 
at the end of metaphase 
during telophase 

13 When does the nucleolus disappear? 

during metaphase 
during telophase 
at the end of prophase 
at the end of anaphase 

14 Where is FSH produced? 

pituitary 
thyroid 
adrenal gland 
ovaries 

15 Where is thyroxin produced? anterior pituitary 

thymus 
thyroid
adrenal 
medulla 

16 A fracture in which the broken bone pierces the skin is called 

impacted 
comminuted 
compound 
complicated 

17 An exaggerated inward curvature of the spine is 

kyphosis 
hunchbackism 
lordosis 
kypholordosis 

18 What disease causes porosity & brittleness of bones 

osteoarthritis
osteopathy 
osteoporosis 
stress fracture 

19 Which part of the heart is the first to receive deoxygenated blood? 

right atrium 
right entricle 
left atrium 
left ventricle 

20 What takes deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the larger veins? 

venules 
arterioles 
mini veins 
arteries 

21 ? 

22 What disease is cased by the build up of fats? 

artherosclerosis 
arteriosclerosis 
atherosclerosis 
arterial obesity 

23 Lymphatic vessels 
bathe tissue n fluid 
take lymph to nodes 
add lymphocytes to blood 
filter lymph 

24 Which of the following does NOT help lymph to circulate: 

cold 
warmth 
suction 
skeletal muscle contraction 

25 Urticaria is caused by: 

allergy 
hormonal imbalance 
a rash 
nettles 

26 Posture is subconsciously controlled by the 

cerebrum 
cerebellum 
pons varolii 
medula oblongata 

27 Which disorder involves the multiple growth of cysts & may cause infertility? 
uterine cyst syndrome 
polycystic ovarian syndrome 
stress 
cystic fibrosis 

28 Breast size is determined by the amount of which tissue present: 

lymphatic 
areolar 
glandular 
adipose 

29 Which of the following is true: 

the bronchi get increasingly smaller as they approach the bronchioles 
bronchioles take air to the alveoli 
the trachea is responsible for breathing 
the trachea takes air to the bronchi via the larynx 
30 The paranasal sinuses are lined with: 
ciliated epithelium 
cuboidal epithelium 
serous membrane 
mucous membrane 

31 Sensations are perceived by 

the cerebellum 
the brain stem 
the medulla oblongata 
the cerebrum 

what type of disorder is a verucca? 

Bacterial 
congential 
fungal 
Viral 

what type of disorder is ecxcema? 

Viral 
Bacterial 
Congenital 
Fungal
 

#5Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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wht is urticaria a reaction to? 

an allergy 
an inflammation of the hair follicle 
a hormone imbalance 
a virus 

where do capillaries arise from 

arterioles 
arteries 
venules
veins 

which of the following is a def. of abduction 

palm of hand down 
sole of foot inwards 
decrease in angle between bone and joint 
movement of the bone away from the midline of the body or limb 

where would you find triangularis 

corner of mouth 
in the hand 
in the foot 
corner of eye 

def. of plantarflexion 
point toes down point toes up 
turn palm down 
turn palm up 

what muscle draws shoulder forward and roates scapula 

rhomboid mahor 
trapiezus 
serratus anterior 
latissimus dorsi 

what muscle lifts trunk after sitting 

Gluteus Maximus 
Gluteus Minimus 
Gluteus Medius 
Biceps Femoris 

what tissue is protective and insulating 

epithelial 
areolar adipose white fibrous 

function of blood tissue 

absorb shock 
transport food and 02 
support and protect 
produce movement 

where would u find the genetic code 

mithochondria 
nucleus 
nucleoulus 
endoplasmic reticulum 

what does not contain yellow elastic ( i said spleen am i rite?) 

spleen stomach bladder aorta 

what tissue is connecting and supporting other tissues 

areolar 
adipose 
yellow elastic 
white fibrous 

what type of bone is a sternum 

flat 
long 
short 
irregular 

what is another name for scapula 

cheek bone 
collar bone 
shoulder blade 
breast bone 

what direction of the spine for lordosis 

inward curvature of the spine 
outward curvature of the spine 
sidewards curvature of the spine 
porous and brittleness 

name a bone in the foot 

tibia 
talus 
hamate 
radius 

what is another name for clavicle 

breast bone 
collar bone 
shoulder blade 
lower jaw 

malfunction of which hormone gives a jet lagged feeling? 

adrenaline 
parathoromone 
oxytocin 
malatonin 

hypersecreaion of throyxin causes 

graves disease 
cretinism 
myxoedema 
dwarfism 

antidirectic hormone works with

kidneys 
bladder 
liver 
heart 

what secretes calcitonin 

pineal 
thymus
parathyroid 
throid 

artert tht suplies head and neck 

jugular 
common carotid 
mesenteric 
subclavian 

function of venule 
carry oxy. blood from artery to vein 
carry deoxy. blood from vein to artery 
carry deoxy. blood from capillary to vein 
carry oxy. blood from capillary to vein 

the hepatic artery feeds? 

kidney 
stomach
brain 
liver 

apart from spleen what does the splenic artery feed? 

gall bladder 
kidney 
stomach
pancreas 
main artery in arm 
axillary 
brachial 
cephalic 
radial 

lymphocytes not found in 

digestive system 
muscular 
central nervous system 
respiratory system 

wht isnt a function of lymph node 

posterior auricular node is where? 

if the spleen did not gilter wht wud happ 

get a headache 
low bp 
sceticeamenia 
diabetes 

thoracia duct drains 

left subclavian 
right subclavian 
superior vena cava 
inferior vena cava 

function of sensory nerve 

how many pairs of spinal nerves

27 
30 
31 
33 
wht speed us a nerve conduction 

myelin sheeth 

wht part of brain is for balance 

function of spinal nerve 

where is the cervix 

function of cervix 

function of large intestine 

HCl activates wht 

wht part of nervous system deals with inhalation 

where would u find chemoreceptors 

what does the urinary system rely on skin to do 

% of water in urine 
 

#6Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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1 Which of the following is a bacterial disease? 

Tinea corporis 
Folliculitis 
Warts 
Eczema 

2 What is the function of fibroblasts? 

produce histamine 
produce white blood cells 
produce collagen 
produce perspiration 

3 example of fungal disease 

eczema 
tinea corporis 
folliculitis 
chloasma 

4 what do mast cells produce? 

histamine 
sebum 
perspiration 
pigment 

5 which is a viral disease? 

herpes simplex 

psoriasis 
tinea pedis 
impetigo 

6 cause of fibrositis 
arthritis in muscles and tension of legs 
sustained involuntary contraction of muscle 
build up of lactic acid 
overstretching of a muscle causing soreness 

7 atrophy of muscle tissue is 

lack of normal tone or tension 
build up of lactic acid 
wasting away of bulk muscle tone 
injury or damage of muscle tissue 

8 which if not used when chewing food? 

masseter 
buccinator 
temporalis 
mentalis 

9 what does overcontraction of muscle cause? 

muscle atrophy 
muscle fatigue 
sprain 
tone 

10 what is myositis? 
inflammation of muscle 
tear in fascia build up of lactic acid 
sudden twist of joint ligament 

11 where do you find transitional tissue?

heart 
inside mouth 
oesophagus 
bladder 

12 what is correct for yellow elastic tissue? 

is in lung tissue 
forms lymphatic cells 
protects and insulated 
forms ligaments 

13 chemical in nucleus that carries genes 

debonucleus acid 
deoxyrebonuclus acid 
adenome disphosphate 
adenome triphosphate 

14 membrane that lubricates ends of bones

mucus 
synoval 
serous 
cell 

15 organelles that combines polysaccharides with 

protein compounds for use as energy 
endoplastic reticulum lysosone 
mitrochondria 
golgi apparatus 

16 Kyphosis caused by 

lateral curve of spine 
round shoulders 
hollow back 
uneven scapulae 

17 a simple fracture is 

bone broken in one place 
bone broken in several places 
damaged surrounding tissue 
pierced skin 

18 which is not a function of the skeletal system? 

store calcium 
store hormones 
form erythrocytes in bone marrow 
form joints to provide movement 

19 how many pairs of ribs? 

8 
10 
12 
14 

20 Lordosis is 
inward curve 
sideways curve 
outward curve 
porosity and brittleness of bones 

21 gland that controls calcium levels in blood 

thyroid 
parathyroid 
thymus 
pineal 

22 where is oxytoxin produced? 

anterior lobe of pituitary 
posterior lobe of pituitary 
pineal 
thyroid 

23 secretions from adrenal medulla 

interstitial cell stimulating hormone
aldersterone 
gonadrotrophins 
noradrenalin 

24 nervous system that controls endocrine system 

cerebellum 
hypothalamus 
medulla oblongata 
cerebrum 

25 disease giving moon shaped face is 

cushings disease 
addisons disease 
graves disease 
acronilacy 
26 chamber the aorta exits is 
right ventricle 
left ventricle 
right atrium 
left atrium 

27 phlebitis is 
enlarged vein in rectum 
inflammation of a vein
blood clot 
blood's inability to clot 

26 haemophilia is enlarged veins in rectum 

blood clot 
blood's inability to clot 
inflammation of a vein 

29 " apart from the spleen, what does the splenic artery feed?" 
gallbladder 
kidney 
bladder 
pancreas 

30 what is the main vein in arm? 

basilic 
radial 
femoral 
ulna 

31 what does not contain lymphatic tissue? 

spleen 
tonsils 
large intestine 
appendix 

32 where is occipital lymphatic node? 

under chin 
back of head 
front of ear 
back of ear 

33 what is the lymph node behind the knee called? 

supatrochlear 
inguinal 
popleteal 
axillary 

34 where is the appendix attached? 

to the large intestine 
to the small intestine 
???? 
to the gallbladder 

35 lymphatic capillaries are similar to 

arteries 
arterioles 
venules 
venous capillaries 

36 which part of the brain interprets conscious sensations? 

cerebellum 
cerebrum 
??? 
medulla oblongata 

37 which part of the brain regulates body temperature? 

cerebellum 
hypothalamus 
cerebrum 
midbrain 

38 how many membranes protect the central nervous system? 

1 
2 
3 
4 
39 what is neurilemma? 
fine delicate membrane that surrounds the axon 
point where one neuron meets another 
end of a fibril 
insulation for axon 

40 what is not involved in the reflex arch? 

spinal cord 
sensory nerve 
heart 
motor nerve 

31 what is mastitis? 
inflammation of the uterus 
inflammation of the ovaries 
inflammation of the fallopian tubes 
inflammation of the breast 

42 which is the menstrual cycle after ovulation? 

secretory 
menstrual 
resting 
proliferative 

43 when is glycogen converted back to glucose? 

when the body needs insulation 
when the body needs energy 
when the body needs protein 
when the body needs to relax 

44 what are essential organic substances for the body? 

carbohydrates 
proteins 
minerals 
vitamins 

45 which organ will cirrhosis affect? 

liver 
gallbladder 
bladder 
kidney 

46 what are bronchioles? prevent friction of lungs 

act as passageway between larynx and bronchi 
take air to alveoli of lungs 
passageway that warms and moistens the air 

47 what are chemoreceptors? 

lung tissue 
???? 
nerve cells 
????? 

48 is pneumonia an infection of 

the bronchial tubes 
lung tissue caused by infection 
pleural lining 
sinuses 

49 where is urine produced? 

bladder 
kidney 
urethra 
ureter 

50 which is an inflammation of the kidneys? 

cystitis 
nephritis 
????
kidney stones 

1 Which is the following example of a congenital skin disease 

herpes simplex 
acne vulagaris 
tinea pedis 
eczema 

2 vitiligo can be recognised by 

white patches of skin 
yellow patches of skin 
red patches of skin 
brown patches of skin 

3 which is the bacterial skin disease 

tinea corporis 
folliculitis 
warts 
eczema 

4 what is the role of the sebaceous

gland control temperature 
secrete chemicals and act as a receptor 
remove waste from skin 
secrete sebum and act as a moisturiser 

5 what do eccrine glands secrete 

sebum 
milky fluid 
watery sweat 
oil 

6 which of the following defines flexion 

turn the palm of the hand to the ceiling 
point toes to ground 
turn foot outwards 
decrease the angle of a bone 

7 which muscle everts the foot and plantar flexes the ankle 
peroneus longus 
tibialis anterior 
gastrocnemius 
soleus 
8 which of the following is a muscle is in the lower arm and hand 
tibialis anterior 
coracobrachialis 
flexor digitorium longus 
flexor carpi ulnaris 

10 which does not flex the hip sartorious semimembranosus illiacus rectum frmoris
 

#7Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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1 In the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle which hormone is produced? 

Progesterone 
Testosterone 
Follicle stimulating 
Luteinising 

2 Amenorrhoea is defined as: 

Constantly menstruating 
Painful menstruation 
Absence of menstruation 
Very heavy menstruating
C
3 In the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle the hormone produced is: 
Progesterone 
Testosterone 
Follicle stimulating 
Luteinising 

4 The scrotum contains: 

Spermatozoa 
Ovaries 
Epididymis 
Prostate gland 

5 The functions of the prostate gland include: 

Store sperm 
Produce sperm 
Produce seminal fluid 
Stop micturition 

6 Fertilisation of the ovum occurs: 

In the uterus 
In the follicle In the fallopian tubes 
In the testes 

7 Reproductive system links to: 

Nervous Digestive 
Digestive 
Muscular 
Circulatory 
Circulatory 

8 Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a result of: 

Hyper secretion of female sex hormones 
Hyper secretion of testosterone in females 
Hypo secretion of female sex hormones 
Hypo secretion of testosterone in females 
9 What is dysmenorrhoea? 
Absence of menstruation 
Extremely painful menstruation 
Irregular menstrual cycle 
Cessation of menstruation 

10 What type of tissue is found in the breast? 

Nervous and muscular 
Blood and lymphoid 
Yellow elastic and white fibrous 
Areolar and adipose 

1 Define bright's disease: 

2 Cystitis is defined as: 

Inflammation of the urethra 
Inflammation of the kidney 
Inflammation of the ureter 
Inflammation of the bladder 

3 Nephritis is defined as inflammation of the: 

Eye 
Kidney 
Bladder 
Liver 

4 The structure of the renal pelvis of the kidney is: 

Funnel shaped cavity 
Sac like organ in the pelvic cavity 
Fibrous capsule 
A narrow tube within the kidney 

5 Filtration occurs in: 

Kidney 
Convoluted tubules 
Bowman's capsule 
Renal pelvis 
6 What enzyme is produced in the kidneys? 
Pepsin 
Amylase 
Renin 
Rennin 

7 Urine gets its colour from: 

Waste products 
Minerals 
Salts 
Bile 

8 Urine passes from the kidney to: 

Urethra 
Bladder
Pelvis 
Ureter 

9 Cystitis is defined as inflammation of 

Urethra 
Kidney 
Bladder 
Ureter 

10 The percentage of urea in urine is: 

2% 
4% 
6% 
10% 

11 What is cystitis? 
An inflammation of the bladder 
An inflammation of the ureter 
An inflammation of the urethra 
An inflammation of the kidneys 
An inflammation of the kidneys 
1 The innominate bone is made up of 
Radius and ulna 
Pelvis and femur 
Carpal and metacarpal 
Ischium and ilium 

2 The vertebrae are 

Short bone 
Flat bone 
Long bone 
Irregular bone 

3 Bones are made from 

Osteoblasts 
Osteolasts 
Ostercasts 
None of these 

4 The capitate is found in 

The foot 
The ankle 
The wrist 
The hand 

5 The joints between the carpals are 

Hinge 
Gliding 
Saddle 
Pivot 

7 Cancellous bone is found: 

On the outside of short bones 
In the shaft of long bones 
In the ends of long bones 
In infected bone 
8 The common name for the zygomatic bone is: 
Jaw bone 
Cheek bone 
Forehead 
Skull bone 

11 The elbow joint is a: 

Pivot joint 
Fixed joint 
Hinge joint 
Gliding joint 

12 Am example of a slightly moveable joint is 

Cranial bones 
Carpals 
Vertebrae 
Collar bones 

13 A saddle joint allows 

"Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction " 
No movement 
"Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation " 
"Plantar flexion, extension, circumduction, supination"

14 The minerals that bones store include 

Magnesium 
Zinc 
Phosphorus 
Iron 

15 How many vertebrae form the spine? 

33 
37 
29 
34 

16 Which of the following is not a good example of a long bone? 

Metatarsals 
Ribs 
Femur 
Radius 

17 Where would I find the occipital bone? 

In the orbital cavity 
The jaw 
The ankle 
Back of the cranium 

18 What is the cause of osteoporosis? 

Growing old Calcium deficiency 
Calcium deficiency 
Stress Autoimmune disease 

19 Where would be a good example of a pivot joint? 

Between the atlas and the axis cervical vertebrae 
Elbow 
Between the carpals and tarsals 
Hip 

20 The wrist bones include: 

Tarsals 
Carpals 
Metatarsals 
Metacarpals 

21 The knee joint is a: 

Pivot joint 
Hinge joint 
Gliding joint 
Ball and socket joint 

22 What is the effect of osteo-arthritis? 

The cartilage of joint breaks down the synovial membrane A
The chronic destruction of 
The bones become porous and brittle 
The joint of the spine fuse together 

23 What type of bone is the mandible? 

Moveable 
Partially moveable 
Immovable Floating 
Floating 

24 How many bones form the sacrum?

4 
5 
6 
7

26 Where would you find an example of a hinge joint? 

Between the phalanges of the fingers and toes tarsals and carpals A 
Between the atlas and axis 
Between the phalanges of the thumb and its metacarpals 
Between the humerus and the scapula 

ANSWERS
1 d, 2 d, 3a, 4 c, 5 b, 7 c, 8 b, 11 c, 12 c, 13 a, 14 c, 15 a, 16 b, 17 d, 18 b, 19 a, 20 b,
21 b, 22 ?, 23 a, 24 b, 26 ?
 

#8Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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2 Which of the following does not contain involuntary muscle? 

Digestive system 
Heart Respiratory system 
Genito-urinary system 

3 Where would you find the sternocleidomastoid? 

Across the top of the shoulders 
Upper back 
Chest 
Running up the neck 

4 What is the function of the obicularis oculi? 

Raise the corner of the mouth 
Rotates the head 
Closes the eyelid 
Plantarflexes the ankle 

5 What is the cause of fibrositis? 

A build up of lactic acid in the muscle 

Overexertion 
Sodium depletion 
Scar tissue that has not healed 

6 The action of the obicularis oculi is to 

Close the mouth 
Close the eye 
Purse the lips 
Raise and retract the lower jaw 

7 The action of the abdominus transversalis muscle is to 

Produce rotation at the waist 
Flexes the vertebral column 
Flexes the head and neck 
Flexes the hip 

8 The lymphatic system relies on the muscular system for 

Leverage 
Movement 
Digestion 
Absorption 

9 A ligament connects 
Bone to bone 
Muscle to muscle 
Muscle to bone Muscle to skin 

10 The action of the masseter muscle is to Raise the lower jaw 

Raise the lips 
Flex the head 
Compress the nasal opening 

11 The ptergoids are 

Bone 
Layer of skin 
Muscle 
Nerve 

12 The action of the biceps femoris is to 

"Flex the hip, extend the knee " 
Abduct the leg 
"Extend the hip, flex the knee " 
Flex the arm 

13 The muscles of the lower arm and hand include 

Tibialis anterior 
Peroneus longus 
Extensor carpi digitorim 
Soleus 

14 Myositis is defined as 

Tension in muscle tissue 
Overexertion of muscle 
Inflammation of muscle tissue 
Injury to muscle tissue 

15 The action of the supraspinalis is 

Adduct the arm 
Medial rotate the arm 
Abduct the arm 
Lateral rotation of the arm 

16 The action of the brachialis is to 

Extend the arm 
Flex the elbow joint 
Supinate the arm 
Extend the elbow joint 

17 Eversion is to 
Turn inwards 
Turn downwards 
Turn upwards 
Turn outwards 

18 Tendons are made of 

Yellow elastic tissue 
Fibrous cords 
Fibrous connective tissue 
Adipose tissue 

19 Muscle insertion point is 

Moving end of muscle 
Fixed point of muscle 
Position of the muscle 
Opposite of muscle origin 

20 Muscle fatigue can be defined as 

Inability to contract 
Inability to sustain a contraction 
Inability to relax 
Inability to sustain relaxation 
21 Dorsiflexion is when you 
Flex foot upwards 
Flex foot downwards 
Turn sole inwards 
Turn sole outward 

22 The action of the coracho brachialis is Flexion of the arm 

Adduction 
Rotation 
Abduction 

23 Actions of the teres major 

Flexion of the arm Adducts 
Medially rotate 
Abduct 

24 Action of the serratus anterior 

Draw shoulder forward Draw shoulder backward 
Medially rotate scapula 
Flexion of thoracic cage 

25 Action of the erector spinae 

Flex vertebral column 
Extend vertebral column 
Medially rotate vertebrae 
Laterally rotate vertebrae 

26 Action of the supraspinatas 

Flexion of arm 
Extend scapula 
Medially rotate humerus 
Abduct humerus 

27 Action of sartorius 
Flexion of hip Extend the knee A 
Medially rotate femur 
Abduct the humerus 

28 Actions of rectus femoris 

Flex femur Extend knee B 
Extend hip 
Rotate femur 

29 A muscle strain is 

Overstretching Sudden twist 
Under nourishment 
Muscle stress 

30 Muscle system links to nervous system for 

Movement and coordination 
Lymphatic drainage 
Protection 
Contraction 

31 The action of the infraspinatus muscle is to: 

Rotate the arm inwards Adduct the arm 
Rotate the arm outwards 
Abduct the arm 

32 What is the action of the coraco brachialis? 

To pronate the arm 
To abduct and extend the arm 
To supinate the arm 
To adduct and flex the arm 

33 What muscle extends the head? 

Sternocleidomastoid 
Erector spinae 
Trapezius 
Splenius capitus 

34 What is the action of the subscapularis? 

To rotate the arm inwards 
To abduct the arm 
To rotate the arm outwards 
To adduct the arm 

35 What is the action of the levator labii superioris? 

To purse the lips 
To turn the lower lip outwards 
To lift the upper lip 
To pull down the corners of the mouth 

36 Which muscle everts and plantarflexes the ankle? 

Peroneus longus 
Tibialis anterior 
Gastrocnemius 
Soleus 

ANSWERS
2 b, 3 d, 4 c, 5 a, 6 b, 7 b, 8 b, 9 b, 10 a, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c, 14 c, 15 c, 16 b, 17 d, 18 b,
19 a, 19 a, 20 b, 21 a, 22 a, 23 c, 24 a, 25 b, 2 6 d, 27 a, 28 b, 29 a, 30 a, 31 c, 32 d,
33 d, 34 ?, 35 c, 36 a
 

#9Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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1 The middle layer of lymphatic vessels are 

Fibrous outer tissue 
Muscular and elastic tissue 
Inner endothelial tissue 
Middle endothelial tissue 

2 Lymph is dependent on what for movement? 

Blood volume 
Skeletal muscles 
Gravity 
Valves 

3 Lymph is returned to the general circulation in Aorta 

Right Subclavian 
Superior and inferior vena cava 
Subclavian 
Right and left 

4 Lymphatic tissue is not found 

In the tonsils In the spleen 
In the appendix 
In the thyroid 

5 Antibodies are formed in 

Lymph vessels 
Lymph nodes 
Lymph ducts 
Lymph capillaries 

6 Lymphatic tissue does not contain 

Phagocytes 
Thrombocytes 
Lymphocytes 
Cells dividing to form new lymphocytes 

7 Lymph is drained back into the bloodstream through the: 

Lymphatic capillaries 
Lymphatic nodes 
Lymphatic ducts 
Spleen 

8 The functions of the spleen include: 

Collect and drain lymph 
Transport excess waste away from the tissues 
Destroy thrombocytes 
Destroy lymphocytes 

9 The function of a lymph vessel is to: 

Work with the blood to collect and distribute waste 
Transport lymph to the arteries 
Transport lymph Transport lymph to the veins 

10 Lymph flow is hindered by: 

Muscular activity 
Arterial pulsation 
Infection 
Peristaltic action 

11 The cervical lymph nodes are situated: 

In front of the ear 
Behind the ear 
Under the chin 
On the neck 

12 How do lymphatic capillaries differ to vascular capillaries? 

They do not differ 
They are not porous 
"They are not continuous, they have a blind end " 
They are held open with hoops of hyaline cartilage 

13 What is one of the functions of lymph?

Transport oxygen to the tissues 
Add lymphocytes to the blood 
Transport carbon dioxide from the tissues 
Bathes the tissues in plasma 

14 How is lymph circulated? 

It is pumped by the heart 
The spleen pumps lymph 
Gravity draws it to the hands and feet where it is returned to the blood stream 
A combination of skeletal muscle contraction and valves in the veins 

15 What is the function of lymph nodes? 

To filter lymph only 
To produce new lymphocytes only 
A point of re-entry to the blood stream for lymph fluid 
To filter lymph and produce new lymphocytes 

16 The function of lymph nodes include 

Act as a biological filter 
Increase water content of lymph 
Transport oxygen 
Regulate body temperature 

17 The submandibular lymph nodes are situated 

In front of the ear 
Behind the ear 
Under the jaw bone 
On the neck 

18 The function of a lymph vessel is to 

Work with blood to collect and distribute waste 
Aid in the elimination of carbohydrates 
Transport lymph 
Transport lymph to the veins 

19 The digestive and lymphatic system work together to 

Aid in the digestion of carbohydrates 
Aid in the elimination of carbohydrates 
Aid in the digestion of fats 
Aid in the elimination of fats 

20 Non-granular leucocytes include: 

Erythrocytes 
Thrombocytes 
Monocytes 
Haemocytes 

21 What is the inner layer of a lymphatic vessel composed of? 

Muscular tissue 
Endothelial cells 
Yellow elastic tissue 
Ciliated columnar tissue 

22 Which of the following is not a function of the right lymphatic duct? 

To drain lymph from the right leg 
To drain lymph from the right side of the chest 
To drain lymph from the right arm 
To drain lymph from the right side of the head 

23 Which of the following is a function of a lymphatic node? 

To produce subcutaneous tissue 
To remove and destroy harmful micro-organisms 
To produce endothelial and elastic tissue 
To produce blood plasma 

24 Where are erythrocytes broken down? 

In the pancreas 
In the kidneys In the lymph 
In the spleen

ANSWERS
1 b, 2 b, 3 d, 4 d, 5 b, 6 b, 7 c, 8 d, 9 d, 10 c, 11d, 12c, 13b, 14 d, 15d, 16 a, 17c, 18c,
19c, 20c, 21a, 22a, 23b, 24 d

1 The part of the nervous system which works closely with the respiratory system
for inhalation is: 
Cerebrum 
Cerebellum 
Medulla oblongata 
Spinal cord 
C

3 The muscular and nervous systems work together to: 

Control and coordinate movement 
Regulate body changes Protect 
Reproduce 
A

4 The sympathetic nervous system affects the heart by: 

Accelerating the action of the heart 
Constricting the flow of blood to the heart 
Slowing down the action of the heart 
Lowering blood pressure 
A

5 The brachial nerves supply the: 

"Muscles of the neck, shoulder and skin Skin and muscles of the lower abdomen,
thighs and groin C" 
Cerebellum 
Muscles from the base of the neck to the fingertips and skin 
Chest muscles and the main part of the abdominal wall 
C

6 Which part of the brain has control over cardiac output? 

Cerebrum 
Respiration 
Medulla oblongata 
Pons varolii 

9 Name a reaction of the nervous system outside the control of the brain 
Digestion 
Respiration 
Reflexes 
Heartbeat 

10 What would be the a symptom of bells palsy 

Pain down the lower back and leg 
Tremor 
Loss of co-ordination 
Facial paralysis 

11 The functions of the myelin sheath include 

To help regenerate nerve cells 
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body 
To speed up nerve conduction 
Slow down nerve conduction 

12 The nervous system overworks in times of stress causing: 

Low blood pressure 
Sciatica 
Muscle tension 
Decreased heart rate 

13 Multiple sclerosis is defined as 

Damage to the basal ganglia of the brain 
Deterioration of the motor neurones in the body 
Loss of the protective myelin sheath from nerve fibres 
Paralysis of the face caused by injury 

14 The effects on the digestive system of the parasympathetic nervous system

include: 
"Increase in secretion of pancreatic juice, micturition " 
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juice" 
"Delay in digestion, inhibition in secretion of digestive juices " 
"Inhibition of micturition, decrease in secretion of pancreatic juices" 

15 The muscular and nervous system work closely together to 

Reproduce 
Protect 
Regulate body changes 
Control and co-ordinate movement 
16 Function of the pia mater is to 
Supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord 
Protects 
Consist of white and grey mater 
Contain cerebrospinal fluid 

17 Homeostasis is 
Internal balance 
Internal and external balance 
External balance 
Balance of body's surrounding environment 
18 Respiration is inhibited by 
Medulla oblongata 
Pons varolii 
Cerebrum 
Cerebellum 

19 Multiple sclerosis is a result of 

Loss of protective myelin sheath 
Degeneration of nerve cells 
Degeneration of nerve cells 
Damage to the basal ganglia 
Post viral fatigue syndrome 

20 Where does a sensory nerve carry impulses? 

From the brain to all parts of the body 
From all parts of the body to the brain 
Up and down the spine 
Up and down the limbs only 

21 What is a function of a dendrite? 

To send nerve impulses to the cell body 
To send nerve impulses away from the cell body 
To pass on nerve impulses to the next neurone 
To be a chemical messenger enabling the impulse to be transmitted 

22 Which part of the nervous system works closely with the respiratory system
during inhalation? 
Spinal cord 
Medulla oblongata 
Cerebellum 
Cerebrum 

23 What is the function of a synapse? 

To pass on a nerve impulse to the axon of the next neurone 
To help insulate the axon 
To speed up the passage of nerve impulses along the fibre 
To contain a chemical messenger which enables a nerve impulse to be transmitted 
24 What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the skin? 
Dilation of the blood vessels that supply the skin 
A decrease in the ability of the skin to sweat 
Construction of the blood vessels that supply the skin 
Relaxation of the erector pili muscles in the skin 

ANSWERS
1c, 2c,3a, 4a, 5c, 6 ?, 9 ?,11 ?, 12?, 13?, 14? 15?, 16?, 17?, 18?, 19?, 20?, 21?, 22?,
23?, 24

1 The functions of the adrenal medulla hormones include: 

Regulation of salts in the body 
Maintenance of calcium levels in plasma 
Regulation of water absorption 
Prepares the body for fight or flight 

2 The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to provide: 
Homeopathy 
Homosapien 
Homeostasis 
Imbalance in the body 

3 Hypo secretion of vasopressin causes: 

Oedema 
High blood pressure 
Diabetes insipidus 
Low blood pressure 

4 Hormones are carried in the: 

Circulatory system 
Lymphatic system 
Nervous system 
Respiratory system 

5 Hyper secretion of thyroxin can cause: 

Graves disease 
Myxoedema 
Cretinism 
Dwarfism 

6 The function of the adrenal medulla include 

Fight and flight response 
Regulation of body salts 
Rest and digest 
Regulation of body calcium levels 

7 The functions of the adrenal cortex include 

Fight and flight response 
Rest and digest Regulation of body salts 
Regulation of body calcium levels 

8 The causes of cushings syndrome include 

Hypo secretion of glucocorticoid hormones 
Hyper secretion of glucocorticoid hormones 
Hypo secretion of adrenocortical hormones 
Hyper secretion of adrenocortical hormones 

9 The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones 
"Oestrogen, prolactin " 
"Corticosteroids, follicle stimulating hormone" 
"Thyroptropin, human growth " 
"Vasopressin, oxytocin" 

10 The hyper secretion of parathormone results in 

"Hirsuitisim, amenorrhoea " 
"Softened bones, spontaneous fractures" 
"Lowered immunity, stress " 
Lowering of blood calcium levels 

11 Which endocrine gland secretes human growth and adrenocorticotrophic

hormone 
Pineal 
Thyroid Pituitary 
Pancreas 

12 What is the function of thyroxin? 

Regulation of water absorption 
Stimulates the contraction of the uterus 
Controls the metabolic rate 
Regulates salts in the body 

13 Where are the adrenal glands found? 

Either side of the neck 
The base of the brain 
In the thorax 
Superior to the kidneys 

14 What does PMS stand for? 

Pre menstrual syndrome Pre monster syndrome 
Post menopausal syndrome 
Post menstrual syndrome 

15 What is the effect of amenorrhoea? 

Menstruation every 23 weeks 
Absence of menstruation 
Muscular atrophy 
The patient becomes hirsute 

16 The effect of premenstrual syndrome is 

Muscular atrophy 
Bloating and depression 
Irregular menstrual cycles 
Hirsuitisim 

17 Amenorrhoea is 
Onset of menstruation 
Painful menstruation 
Absent menstruation 
Depression and bloating 

18 The cause of addisons syndrome are: 

Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones 
Hyposecretion of female sex hormones 
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones 
Hypersecretion of female sex hormones 
19 What is the effect of amenorrhoea? 
Constantly menstruating 
Painful menstruation 
Absence of menstruation 
Very heavy menstruation 

20 What is the function of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone? 

To stimulate the ovaries to produce the corpus luteum 
To stimulate the production of urine 
To stimulate the testes to secrete testosterone 
To stimulate tissue metabolism 

21 The effect of Polycystic ovarian syndrome may include: 

Muscular atrophy 
Early menopause Release of adrenaline into the blood stream 
Hirsutism 

22 What could hyposecretion of Vasopressin in adults cause? 

Low blood pressure 
Diabetes mellitus 
Jaundice 
Diabetes insipidus 

23 The function of the adrenal cortex hormones include to: 

Regulate salts in the body 
Maintain calcium levels in plasma 
Regulate water absorption 
Prepare the body for 'fight or flight'
 

#10Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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1 Emphysema is: 
Inflammation of lung tissue 
Inflammation of bronchial tubes 
Inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs 
Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli 

2 The structure of the pleura is: 

Yellow elastic connective tissue 
Areolar tissue 
Serous membrane 
Columnar epithelium tissue 

3 The functions of the trachea include: 

Collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cells 
Act as a passageway between the larynx and pharynx 
To moisten and warm the air 
To allow exchange of gasses to take place 

4 The vessels carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart are: 

Superior vena cava 
Pulmonary artery 
Inferior vena cava 
Pulmonary vein 

5 Bronchitis is: 
Inflammation of the pleural lining 
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes 
Inflammation of lung tissue 
Alveoli stretch and lose elasticity 
6 Internal respiration occurs: 
In the nose 
In the trachea 
In the lungs 
Between the cells and blood 

7 Which muscle group is not involved in respiration? 

Diaphragm 
External intercostals 
Intercostals 
Abdominus rectus 

8 Pneumonia is 
Inflammation of bronchioles 
Inflammation of lung tissue 
Inflammation of pleura 
bacterial infection 

9 Chemo receptors that register oxygen levels in the blood are found in 
"Aorta, carotid arteries " 
Superior vena cava 
Inferior vena cava 
Jugular vein 

10 The trachea is made of: 

Incomplete rings of yellow elastic tissue of hyaline cartilage 
Incomplete rings 
Complete rings of yellow elastic tissue 
Complete rings of hyaline cartilage 

11 Internal respiration is: 

Air intake and exchange of gasses in the lungs 
Expiration and exchange of gasses in the lungs 
Exchange of gasses in cells 
Exchange of gasses in the lungs 

12 The Pons Varolii: 

Stimulates inspiration 
Stimulates expiration 
Inhibits inspiration 
Inhibits expiration 

13 The main muscle of respiration is 

The intercostals 
Abdominal 
Cardiac 
Diaphragm 

14 What is the structure of the pleura? 

Serous membrane 
Areolar tissue 
Columnar epithelial tissue 
Yellow elastic connective tissue 

15 What is meant by diffusion? 

The movement of water and soluble substances across a membrane caused by the
difference in pressure either side of the membrane 
When water passes through a membrane fro a strong concentration of pressure or
solution to a weaker pressure or solution to make both sides equal 
"When substances are too large to pass directly through the membrane, a carrier
substance takes them from outside to the inside " 
When a strong concentration of gas moves to the weaker concentration of gas until
both sides are equal 

16 What is bronchitis? 
Inflammation of the lungs 
Inflammation of the stomach 
Inflammation of the throat 
Inflammation of the bronchi 

4 Salivary glands include 

"Clavicle, carotid " 
"Cervical, buccal" 
"Palatine, masseter submandibular" 
"Parotid, " 
5 The digested food absorbed by the lacteals are: 
"Fats, fatty acids and glycerol " 
Polysaccharides and monosaccharides 
Amino acids and sugars 
Proteins and peptones 

6 The function of lipase is 

To emulsify fats 
Convert fats to fatty acids 
Collect fats 
Digestion 

7 The functions of the liver include 

Reservoir for bile 
Eliminate toxins 
Secretes enterocrinin 
"Produce Vitamin D, turn fats into cholesterol" 

8 Anorexia nervosa is 

Over use of laxatives 
Refusal to eat 
Insatiable hunger 
Binge eating 

9 The tongue plays an important part in 

Digestion 
Ingestion 
Indigestion 
Swallowing 

10 The enzyme trypsin can be found in the: 

Juices from the pancreas 
Bile from the gall bladder 
Juices from the stomach 
Bile from the liver 

11 What does lipase digest? 

Fats Proteins 
Carbohydrates 
Starch 

12 What does cirrhosis affect? 

The kidneys 
The bladder 
The gall bladder 
The liver 

13 Where does ingestion begin? 

In the stomach 
In the small intestine 
In the mouth 
In the large intestine 

6 Acne vulgaris is more common during 

Pregnancy 
Puberty 
Lactation 
Menopause 

7 Vitiligo can be recognised by 

White patches of skin 
Yellow patches of skin 
Red patches of skin with silvery scales 
Brown patches of skin 

8 The pH of the skin in the measurement of the 

Depth of layers of the epidermis 
Thickness of the dermis 
Lipid content of sebum 
Acidity or alkalinity of the skin 

9 Melanin formation is defined as 

A pigment which lightens the skin 
A pigment which darkens the skin 
Helps form a scab on the skin 
Converts ergosterol to vitamin D 
10 Define the function of the erector pili muscle 
Cause the hair follicle to stand erect 
Constrict the flow of blood to the epidermis 
The layer of muscle found below the dermis 
Pumps sebum to the surface of the skin 
Pumps sebum to the surface of the skin 

12 List the correct order of the layers of the skin 

"Spinosum, corneum, lucidum. Granulosum, germinativum " 
"Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum" 
"Lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, corneum, germinativum " 
"Corneum, spinosum, lucidum, granulosum, germinativum" 

13 The skin produces two products these are 

Melatonin and Vitamin D 
Vitamin E and myelin 
Melanin and Vitamin E 
Melaning and Vitamin D 

14 "I have a skin disorder, it is as follows. A bacterial infection causing thin roofed
blisters, which weep and leave a thick, yellow crust. It is highly contagious. What is
the disorder?" 
Impetigo 
Warts 
Psoriasis 
Carcinoma 

15 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of skin? 

Stratum corneum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum lucidum 

16 Melanin is produced in which layer of skin? 

Stratum corneum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum basale 
17 Which of the following is congenital? 
Eczema 
Acne vulgaris 
Herpes 
Impetigo 

18 The outer layer of the dermis is 

Stratum corneum 
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum germinativum 

19 The normal pH value of the skin is

5.6-6.5 
4.6 – 5.4 
6.5-7.0 
5.0-7.0 

20 Vitiligo is what kind of disorder? 

Infectious 
Pigmentation 
Bacterial 
Fungal 

21 Sunlight is needed to convert what into vitamin D? 

MSH 
Ergosterol 
Sebum 
Water 

22 Sebum is produced in 

Eccrine glands 
Apocrine glands 
Sebaceous glands 
Epidermis 

23 What type of skin disease is impetigo? 

Fungal 
Congenital 
Viral 
Bacterial 

24 The characteristics of eczema include: Elevated wheals on the skin 

Silvery scales 
Red itching rash 
Pustules 

25 Which of the following is converted into Vit D by ultra violet radiation in

sunlight? 
Substance in sweat 
Substance in plasma 
Substance in sebum 
Substance in capillaries 

26 Where can melanocytes be found? 

In the sebaceous glands 
In the dermis 
In the stratum germinativum 
In the apocrine glands 

ANSWERS
6b, 7a.8d,9d, 10a, 12b, 13a, 14a, 15b 16d,17a, 18a, 19d, 20a, 21b, 22c, 23c,24c, 25?,
26?

1 The Golgi apparatus is 

Protein house 
Oval shaped membrane 
Power house 
Combines carbohydrate with protein compound 

2 The process by which oxygen passes from the blood into the cells is 
Diffusion 
Mouth 
Osmosis 
Filtration 

4 Squamous epithelial tissue is found in 

Tubules of the kidneys 
Gall bladder 
Squamous cells 
Heart blood and lymph vessels 

5 The movement of substances through cells is aided by 

Ribosome's 
Vacuoles 
Endoplasmic reticulum 
Centrioles 

6 Protein is made in the cell in 

Mitochondria 
Ribosome's 
Nucleus 
Lysosomes 

7 "In cell reproduction, the nucleus disappears during" 

Telophase 
Anaphase 
Interphase 
Prophase 

8 Keratin is 
Compound epithelium 
Simple epithelium 
Squamous epithelium 
Ciliated epithelium 

9 Fatty substances enter the cell by 

Osmosis 
Dissolution 
Filtration 
Diffusion 

11 Areolar tissue is a type of: 

Connective tissue 
Epithelial tissue 
Nervous tissue 
Muscular tissue 

12 The functions of areolar tissue include: 

"Protection, insulation " 
"Support, connection " 
"Stretch, recoil " 
"Lining, absorption" 

14 Where would you typically find Squamous epithelial tissue? 

Lining the circulatory system 
Lining the stomach 
Lining the respiratory system 
Lining the bladder 

15 When a cell reproduces and divides the term is 

Meiosis 
Osmosis 
Mitosis 
Melanosis 

17 "What am I explaining? The transfer of a substance by pressure, when the

concentration of the substance on one side of the membrane is greater than the
other. The transference stops when an equal concentration has been achieved." 
Filtration 
Osmosis 
Diffusion 
Dissolution 

18 What is the majority of a cell made up of? 

Carbohydrates 
Cytoplasm 
Protoplasm 
Nucleus 

19 The function of the mitochondria is to 

Secrete carbohydrates 
Play an important role in cell division 
Allow the movement of different substances within the cell 
Supply the cell with energy 

21 Prophase is the stage in mitosis when the 

Centrosome divides into two centrioles 
Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell 
Spindle threads of the Centrioles divide to form new centromeres 
Centromere stretches as the Centrioles are drawn apart 

22 Columnar epithelial tissue is attached to the basement membrane by a single

layer of which type of cell? 
Tall and rectangular 
Cube shaped 
Flattened 
Those that are not flattened but can change shape when necessary 

23 What is mitosis? 
The covering around the cell 
The protection against UV light 
The elimination of toxins from the skin 
The multiplication of cells 

24 What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? 

To produce enzymes and other compounds 
To form a network of canals 
To combine carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy 
To release energy and form adenosine triphosphate 

25 What is the function of ciliated epithelial tissue? 

To form a lining in the stomach and small intestine 
To form a smooth lining for lymph vessels 
To prevent deeper layers from drying out and dying 
"To help remove mucus and foreign matter, keeping passageways clear" 

26 What is the function of the nucleolus? 

To destroy worn out parts of the cell 
To store waste materials or secretions from the cytoplasm 
To programme the formation of ribosome's 
To control all the organelles within the cytoplasm 
ANSWERS
1d, 2a,4d, 5c, 6b, 7d, 8a, 9b 10b,11a, 12b, 14c, 15c, 17b, 18c, 19d, 21a, 22a, 23d,
24b, 25d, 26c
 

#11Student Helper, Feb 8, 2008

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