diámetro del perno mas la holgura

1
Ag ≔ 5.75 in 2 = 37.097 cm 2 t ≔ ―in
2 3 1
Φ ≔ ―in + ― in = 0.813 in
4 16
Falla a-b-d-e

Anabde ≔ Ag - 2 ⋅ Φ ⋅ t = 31.855 cm 2

Falla a-b-c-d-e

2 2
((1.5 in )) ((1.5 in ))
Anabcde ≔ Ag - 3 ⋅ Φ ⋅ t + ―――― ⋅ t + ―――― ⋅ t = 30.202 cm 2
4 ⋅ 5 in 4 ⋅ 3 in

Falla abcg

2
((1.5 in ))
Aabcg ≔ Ag - 2 ⋅ Φ ⋅ t + ―――― ⋅ t = 32.218 cm 2
4 ⋅ 5 in
Falla fcde
2
((1.5 in ))
Afcde ≔ Ag - 2 ⋅ Φ ⋅ t + ―――― ⋅ t = 32.46 cm 2
4 ⋅ 3 in

An ≔ min ⎛⎝Anabde , Anabde , Aabcg , Afcde⎞⎠ = 31.855 cm 2

U≔1 todos los miembros transmiten tensión (apernado en alas y alma).

Ae ≔ An ⋅ U = 31.855 cm 2

fy ≔ 50 ksi fu ≔ 65 ksi

El estado límite 1 es fluencia y está asociado al área gruesa

ϕ1 ≔ 0.9

ϕTn1 ≔ ϕ1 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ag = 129.375 tonf

El estado límite 2 es ruptura y está asociado al área efectiva

ϕ2 ≔ 0.75

ϕTn2 ≔ ϕ2 ⋅ fu ⋅ Ae = 120.352 tonf