TC 6

TC - 6
(Part - 1)
TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL

COMMUNICATION
Jayarajan.D
Instructor (Tele)
TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 1

This is a subject which deals with the efficient and
economical operation of passenger as well as freight services
over Indian Railways.
DEFINITION: The organizational set-up to supervise and
regulate the running of trains and movement of traffic, in
the best possible manner with the available resources is
called Control Office.

OBJECTS OF CONTROL
A) The cohesion in moving trains and traffic

B) To avoid delay to trains and traffic
C) To effect economy in working of trains
D) To improve the general working of trains
E) To increase the efficiency in working of trains

Control Organization
• Sr. Divisional Operating Manager

• Divisional Operating Manager
• Assistant Operating Manager
• Chief Train Controller
• Deputy Chief Train Controller
• Train Controller

TRAIN CONTROL CHART

Various classification of Telephone Circuits
a) Point-to Point Circuit
b) Party Line Circuit
c) Omnibus Circuit.
Omnibus circuit is adopted for all Railway control circuits.

Control circuits in Non-RE area:
a) Section Control
b) Deputy Control
c) Engineering Control
d) Emergency Control
Control circuits in RE area (in addition to the Above):
a) Traction Power Control
b) Traction Loco Control
c) Remote Control

1. Section Control deals with the movement of train within
a particular section.
• Provided in RE as well as Non-RE sections.
• May be one or more than one section Controls in a
division.
• Manned by a section controller at Control office and
this circuit is dropped at every way station.

2. Deputy Control is connected at important stations in
the section for collecting yard reports, etc.
• This control is provided with Deputy Chief Controller
at control office.
• This circuit is dropped at all the major/junction
stations and where other than scheduled train
operations is dealt.

3. Engineering Control is used for controlling the
maintenance activities of engineering department.
• This circuit is manned by an SSE in control office.
• This circuit is dropped at all the offices of officers and
supervisors along the route and residences of officers
of engineering department.

4. Emergency control is used to establish instant
communication from the field or mid section in case of
emergency or accident.
• This circuit is provided with Dy. Chief Controller in non
RE area and with Traction Power controller in RE area in
control office.
• This circuit is dropped and terminated at the EC sockets
provided at every 1Km along side the track route.

5. Traction Power Control is used for efficient maintenance
and operation of overhead traction equipments.
• This circuit is manned by a traction power controller
in the control office.
• This circuit is dropped at SM offices, grid stations,
feeding posts, sectioning and sub-sectioning posts.

6. Traction loco control is used by traction loco
controller to ensure efficient usage of traction
locomotives. Connected with SM offices, YM offices
and Loco sheds.
7. Remote control circuits is used for remote operation
of 25KV traction equipments which works on SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) principle.

Elements of a Control circuit
The basic elements of control circuit are:
1) Headquarter Equipment (Controller’s Equipment +
Test Room Equipment)
2) Way Station Equipments
3) Communication medium between control office and
way stations.

Headquarter Office Equipment consists of:
1. Controller’s Equipment (IRS: TC 60-93), and
2. Test room Equipment
Controller’s Equipment consists of:
1. Microphone and Loud Speaker
2. Handset
3. Key Board
4. DTMF encoder
Way Station Equipment consists of:
1. Control Telephone (IRS: TC 38-97)
2. DTMF Decoder (IRS: TC 60-93)
Controllers Equipment caters two purposes:
1. Signalling: To call a way station individually or a group
of stations or all the stations at once. Signalling is also
required for some more certain functions like redial,
repeated dialing or resetting.
2. Speech: To transmit the speech of controller to way
stations and to make the speech received from the
way stations sufficiently audible to the controller.
• In earlier days, impulse type of DC or AC high voltage
supplies were used for signaling.
• It incorporates number of metal contact relays to pass
the required signaling information over the medium.
• Due to wear and tear of the relay contacts and
mechanical selectors at the way stations, more
maintenance was required for these equipments.
• To avoid this problem, Railways adopted the DTMF
signaling system.
Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) Signalling
In DTMF system two frequencies within voice frequency
band and harmonically unrelated are transmitted on line
for a key pressed.
Among these two frequencies, one is a low frequency
(row) and the other is a high frequency (column) both
within the VF band, but harmonically unrelated.

Why Two tones are used?
1. As these tones are in-band, any voice simulation
should not be recognised as a tone input.
2. Another reason is OH line noise or whistle should not
be recognised as a tone input.

4X4 matrix DTMF Keyboard

Advantages of DTMF Selective calling system
1. It is adoptable for 2W (OH) as well as 4W (UG cable)
systems.
2. No need of high voltage DC or 50V/ 50Hz AC supply.
3. Low level signalling, typically 500mV.
4. Maximum 99 stations can be called as against the 78
stations in the previously used 17 impulse system.
5. Improved system reliability due to complete solid state
equipment design.

6. Completely maintenance free as no adjustments of
voltage or current are involved.
7. The system is immune to line noise.
8. Readily adoptable for radio patching with any speech
channel over VHF, UHF, MW or OFC.

4 Wire/2Wire working of control circuit
• The DTMF controller’s equipment and way station
equipment are designed to work on either 2 wire or 4
wire transmission lines as the case may be.
• The control office equipment is normally designed for
4 wire working, but it can be converted for 2 wire
operation by providing a hybrid attachment
additionally.

Operating Requirements of Control
Office Equipment
A) The system shall permit working of voice as well as
signaling on an omnibus circuit tapped at way stations
and other places, on 4W/2W basis as required.
B) Shall be possible to call a maximum of 99 stations with 2
digit code either one at a time or a group at a time or all
at the same time.
C) Audible indication to the controller when the called
station has been rung shall be provided.

D) Every station shall be assigned a distinct calling code. A
nominated group of stations may be assigned a group
calling code. 4 such groups should be provided designated
as A, B, C and D. For general call a push button
designated as “G” should be for calling all the station at
the same time.
E) The station code generation and transmission shall be
accomplished by pressing two push buttons in sequence
and group call by pressing relevant push buttons twice.
F) Facility to repeat last code generated by pressing a single
push button designated as RT shall be provided.
G) The duration of the ringing at way station shall normally
be 4 seconds. However the facility to extend the ringing
period by pushing a single push button designated as LR
shall be provided.
H) It shall be possible to send the signalling code even when
two or more parties are in conversation and also to a
station engaged in conversation..
I) The station code transmitted shall be displayed on the
console till the next code is generated. The two push
buttons for a station code should be pressed in
sequence within 5 seconds. The first digit remains
displayed for 5 seconds, after which it gets erased
automatically. It shall also be possible to cancel the
first digit within 5 seconds by pressing a key
designated as DL.
J) Facility to reset the equipment should be provided by
pressing a single push button designated as RS.
K) Facility to check the Row/Column frequencies shall be
provided by pressing a single key repeatedly designated
as RC.

CONSTITUENTS OF CONTROL OFFICE EQUIPMENT
1. DTMF console
2. DTMF code generator
3. PCB consisting of all circuits
4. Hand set
5. Head set (Optional)
6. Microphone
7. Loud Speaker
8. Hybrid attachment
9. Power Supply Unit
SIDE PANEL
Side panel consists of a volume control and socket for the
handset.

CONSOLE BACK PANEL

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONTROL OFFICE
EQUIPMENT

WORKING OF THE EQUIPMENT
1. As soon as a valid key closure (corresponding to the first

digit of the station code) is detected, the µp / µc stores
the information and display the digit pressed.
2. The µp / µc waits for second key closure corresponding to
the second digit of the code) within 5 seconds (the
specified period), the µp / µc updates the display and
asks the tone generator to generate the DTMF tones
accordingly.
3. These tones are connected to the line through a
combiner amplifier, where they combine with speech
signals coming from the microphone/hand set.
4. In the receive direction the speech coming from the
way stations will be filtered and amplified before
coupling to the loud speaker.

DTMF Console
• Front Panel: The Keyboard on the front consists of total
20 keys. Sixteen of these are DTMF keys arranged in 4
by 4 matrix.
• These are TEN decimal keys - 0 to 9 used for entering
the 2-digit station codes. Then FOUR Group call keys -
A, B, C, D and one general call key - G and long ring key
- LR. For group call and general call the same key is to
be pressed twice. For example AA, BB, GG etc. In
addition to these 16 keys there are FOUR function keys
– RS, DL, RT and RC.
• RS - Reset key is used to reset the control office
equipment, if it is required to do so at any time.
• DL - Delete or Clear key used to cancel a wrong entry
during the dialing process.
• RT - Repeat key redials the last code transmitted.

• RC - Row & Column Frequency Test key is used for
transmitting individual row and column DTMF
frequencies for testing purpose. On pressing this key the
equipment goes into test mode and provides 1st row
frequency (r1) on TX terminals on back panel. The
display shows r1 indicating the output frequency
corresponding to r1. With subsequent pressing of the
same key corresponding frequencies will be fed on Tx
pairs.
• LR - This key is used to generate long ring at way
stations as long as desired.
Way Stations may be:
1. Railway Station
2. Yard Master’s Office
3. Signal Cabin
4. Loco Shed
5. Sidings
6. Officer’s rooms
7. Officer’s Residences
8. Residences of other Emergency staff

DTMF WAY STATION EQUIPMENT
(IRS : TC-60/93)
• It consists of following units:
• (a) DTMF Decoder & Speech Circuits
• (b) Control Telephone
• (c) 12V DC Power Supply & Battery Unit
• Way station equipments are different for 4-wire
• 2-wire working.
WORKING OF DTMF WAY STATION EQUIPMENT
• Circuitry for DTMF decoder & speech amplifiers is
assembled on a PCB and is placed in a wall-mountable
metal cabinet.
• Decoder part of circuit receives DTMF corresponding to
the 2-digits pressed by the controller and decodes it into 2
digit decimal code, compares it with the local code
allotted to the station and then switches on a buzzer, if
both codes are matched.
• It then sends a ring back tone to the controller, when
buzzer rings.
• In way station decoder unit, a 2-digit station code is
set locally, using two DIP switches (of 10 contacts
each) which are named as FD (First Digit) switch
and SD (Second Digit) switch.
• It also amplifies speech signals in both directions.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WAY STATION DTMF
DECODER

Code Setting
• Each way-station is assigned a 2-digit code. 2 DIP
switches FD and SD (with 10 positions each) are provided
to set the station code.
• Appropriate switches 0 - 9 are turned “ON”.
• To receive a special group code (A/B/C/D) from

controller, a separate DIP switch (containing 4 positions)
is provided. Desired group code is selected by setting the
corresponding position.
• Along with the activation of the buzzer, a visual
indication of LED is lit in the telephone.
• The LED indication continues to be lit until the handset
is lifted off the cradle.

PCB
DTMF
RBT
DECODER
RINGBACK
CIRCUIT
B 4 WIRE CONTROL
U
Z TELEPHONE
4 W Control Arrangements at a Way Side Station

4 Wire Control Arrangements using DTMF Signalling

Emergency Control Circuit
On non-electrified sections provided with overhead
line wires for control working, a 2-Wire portable
telephone and a collapsible telescopic tubular pole
are provided to maintenance staff/train guard to
enable them to contact the controller in case of
emergencies.

• When circuits are through U/G cables, taps are provided
from the cable at intervals of 1 KM and are terminated on
6-pin sockets.
• Control office can be contacted by plugging a portable
control telephone into these sockets.
• As the maintenance staff of the Elect. Deptt. has to
contact the TPC frequently, the taps are taken from
separate circuit instead of section control circuit so that
the section control circuit is not unnecessarily disturbed.
• It is a 4-Wire circuit and works like any other control
circuit. To respond to a call initiated from an emergency
socket, a microphone and a loud speaker are provided
with TPC. One quad is allotted for the working of this
control circuit.
• Facility is provided to the TPC to transfer any emergency

call to Section Controller if needed.

Emergency Control Communication System

ANU VIDYUT MAKE CONTROL OFFICE EQUIPMENT
The equipment consists of :
1. Key board and display: This consists of 20 keys and one
two digit 7-segment display.
2. Control card: This consists of 8085 Microprocessor,
EPROM, ICs and DTMF code generator.
3. Amplifier card: This card consists of Trans Amplifier and
Receive Amplifier. It also contain preset for adjusting
the gain of DTMF Trans. gain separately.
4. Power Supply and Filter card: Consists of reverse
polarity protection and RC filters to smooth the power
supply.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ANUVIDYUT MAKE DTMF
DECODER

• The Encoder of this equipment uses 8085
microprocessor.
• This microprocessor interfaces the key board, display
and tone generator through two I/O interfaces – IC
8155 and IC 8255.
• The selection of one of these two interfaces is done
through a decoder IC 74156.

• IC 8155 interfaces the microprocessor with the key
board and display through its two ports.
• A driver IC 74138 is used for display the digits.
• IC 8255 interfaces the microprocessor with tone
generator IC 22859.
• This IC generates DTMF tones as per the key pressed.
• This system uses IC 2764 as program memory.

SPECIFICATIONS
1. Input impedance : Suitable to used microphone
2. O/P level for 5mV I/P : -20dBm to 0 dBm at 1120Ω
3. Frequency response : within +/- 3dBm in VF band
4. Harmonic Distortion : Less than 3% in VF band
5. Output impedance : 1120Ω/600 Ω selectable
6. Input impedance : 1120 Ω
7. Input level : 0 to -30 dBm
8. Output level : 1Watt (Max) at a load of 4 Ω
9. Power supply : 12V DC (10.8V to 14.4V)
10. Fuses : 1A rating
11. Reverse polarity protection : With diode
12. Max. working current : Less than 500mA
VF REPEATERS
• To compensate the loss of signal strength incurred
during the transmission of speech and signalling
through various communication circuits, amplifiers are
to be provided at certain intervals along the route.
• These amplifiers and related circuits are generally
provided in some equipments called VF Repeaters.

TYPES OF VF REPEATERS
• Conventional type: Consisting of VF Amplifiers, Leak

Amplifiers and Buffer Amplifiers as per IRS: TC-50-90.
• Equalizer type: Consisting of Equalizer Amplifiers and
Buffer Amplifiers as per specification
RDSO/SPN/TC/34/2002 (Voice Frequency
Communication System for Underground Cable).

Equalizer Amplifier Type VF Repeater
RDSO/SPN/TC/34/2002
Features:
1. It works on 12V DC power supply.
2. The repeater is provided at every station.
3. Works on PET quad cable having 0.9mm dia. with
470Ω characteristic impedance.
4. Loading joints in the cable are not required.
5. Condenser joints in the cable are not required,
balancing can be done at every station.

6. Provision for end patching or mid patching is available
without reversing the direction of amplifiers.
7. For the above feature, equipment is provided with 4 wire,
4 way amplifiers.
8. The circuit will get isolated from the system, if any card of
that circuit is taken out.
9. In case of power supply failure at a station, the station will
be by passed.
10. Equipment is provided with additional 8 line intercom
facility.
The system comprises of the following assemblies:
(a) Cable termination, distribution & monitoring panel
(b) U link panel
(c) Equalizer Amplifier and Isolation transformer panel
(d) Decoder & other PCBs
(e) 8 way Intercom.
(f) Remote monitor/sensor
(g) Power supply unit.
• In addition to the above, the system is provided with
one emergency socket and a phantom circuit derived
from the emergency socket to plug-in a magneto-
telephone to communicate from one station to another
station.
• For monitoring VF circuits, a loud speaker of reputed
make with a loudspeaker amplifier (200-milli watts
output) is provided.
• A test tone generator of 1KHz +/- 100Hz at 0dBm +/-1 dB
output at 470 ohms is also provided in the monitoring
panel.
• The incoming and outgoing cables are connected to
equipment through krone connectors provided with
IPM (Integrated Protection Module) consisting of
poly-switches, LDs and fuses.
• From krone connectors, circuits are connected to
isolation transformer cards through U-links.

• The input and output of isolation transformer cards are
then connected to receive and trans amplifiers
respectively in the equalizer amplifier card.
• The equalizer amplifier card consists of 4 wire 4way
amplifier and DIP switches for gain and equalizer setting.

Isolation Transformer Card
• The Trans, Receive, Buffer-1 and Buffer-2 input and
output are connected to and from the line side through
the isolation transformers provided in these card.
• The power supply to the equalizer amplifier card is
extended through this card.
• Provision for inserting capacitors to reduce cross talk is
also provided in this card.

Equalizer Amplifier Card
• The 4 sides connected to this amplifier are:
(a) Control side
(b) Far side
(c) Radio Patch or Branching side and
(d) ASM’s Control telephone side
• Equalizer Amplifier card consists of active equalizers,
Band Pass Filters, Pre-amplifier and combining output
amplifier.
• Maximum gain of 20 dB can be adjusted by DIP
switches provided in the Equalizer amplifier card.
Design of 4 wire 4 way amplifier

Dualdec Card
• Input and output from any one of the buffer
amplifier can be connected to this card.
• ASM’s control telephone is connected to DUALDEC
card, which is a dual decoder to connect two control
telephones at a station.
• The connection for telephones are terminated in the
krone at the top of the equipment.

EXCHANGE Cards
• Two Exchange cards cater 8 numbers of intercom telephones.
• The telephone connections to this Intercom can be extended
upto loop resistance of 300 ohms.
• By dialing DTMF codes all the subscribers can talk to each
other.
• By dialling suitable access code any subscriber can
communicate with the controller also.
• Normal auto dialing telephones can be used for this with 3 wire
connectivity (2 wire for speech and 1 wire for ring).

Remote monitoring facility
• This facility provides remote monitoring and fault
localization from Test Room.
• This facility can be provided to each control separately.
• For providing this facility a Remote monitor card will
be provided in the Test Room and Remote sensor will
be provided in Intermediate Repeater.
• RMT-BTMN card is provided at test room and way
stations for this purpose.
• The card used at test room is a master card and at way
station is a slave card, which are non-interchangable.
The operations with remote monitoring panel are:
1. To disconnect /connect Controller’s side.
2. To disconnect /connect far end side.
3. To disconnect /connect buffer 1 side.
4. To disconnect /connect buffer 2 side.
5. Change over of batteries on load.
6. To get battery voltage of “on load” battery.
7. To get power supply status, i.e. AC supply, Battery1 and
Battery 2.
8. To generate a 0 dBm, 1 KHz, 470Ω tone for testing .
• In case of some failures at way station equipment, the
equipment will send an SoS signal to the test room.
• These failures are:
• Battery fuse failure.
• Both battery voltage low.
• PSU 1 /AC fuse fail.
• PSU 2 /AC fuse fail.
• Whenever on load battery voltage goes below 11.5V,
automatic changeover of battery takes place to avoid failure
of equipment.
Control communication working on OFC
There are two types of working:
1. Conventional working directly on STM-MUX set up.
2. Working on CCEO system

Conventional system

CONTROL COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT FOR OFC
(C.C.E.O.)
RDSO/SPN/TC/66/2007

The CCEO consists of following seven segments:
1. Control Room Equipment (CRE or DEC)
2. Test Room Equipment (TRE) LIC AND LTI
3. Local Telephone Equipment (LTE)
4. Multi Telephone Waystation Equipment (MTWE)
5. Remote Patching Equipment (RPE)
6. Three Way Amplifier (TWA)
7. Two wire Dialling Control Telephone (TDCT)

• All the segments of CCEO except TDCT works on –48 V
DC, having working voltage range of –48 V DC +/-20%.
• The system works on VF channel allocated for control,
over an OFC based STM and MUX link.
• At Test Room Equipment and Waystation Equipments, the
4 wire channel from the MUX is connected to the
connector strip.
• Marvel Electric Equipments, Mumbai and Bentron
Equipments, Kolkotta are the RDSO approved vendors.
• The connectivity diagram for the system is shown in the
next slide.
SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY

CONTROL ROOM EQUIPMENT

Features:
1. It is provided with 40 push buttons to call 80 TDCTs.
2. 40 stations can be called by dialing directly and another
40 with shift button.
3. Each push button has been assigned a two digit code
for calling one TDCT.
4. Two modes of DTMF signalling is available, one is
DASSFO Mode (for TDCTs) and another one is CLASSIC
Mode (for conventional type DTMF decoders).
5. Sockets for Mic & speaker and hand set is provided.
6. A 4 digit 7 segment display is provided to show the
dialed numbers.
7. 10 keys to call 20 local telephones connected with
the LTE from test room.
8. One program key to assign codes to 40 push buttons.
9. Volume controls for Mic and speaker outputs.
10. One general call key is provided to call all the TDCTs
at a time.
11. One shift push button to call the way stations with
codes assigned with shift button.
TEST ROOM EQUIPMENT

Features:
1. Dual channel out put (Line-A and Line-B).
2. 600 Ohm working impedance.
3. DTMF dialing standard TC-60.
4. Test tone generation for testing and measurement.
5. Alpha numeric LCD display to select various measurement
parameters and operations.
6. Speaker to monitor ongoing conversation.
7. Handset to communicate from test room.
8. Bar level indication for trans and receive speech.
9. Works on -48V DC power supply, and extends supply to CRE.
LOCAL TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT

Features:
1. 20 numbers of two wire local telephone
connections.
2. 2 wire standard telephones.
3. Can talk to each other without disturbing controller.
4. Can land on control circuit by dialing assigned code.
5. Works on -48V DC supply.
6. Local power supply at telephone end is not
required.

Multi Telephone Way station Equipment
2-Wire

Features:
1. 4 numbers of two wire station telephone connections.
2. 2 wire standard telephones.
3. Dialling facility with provision of barring.
4. DTMF standard dialing.
5. 600 Ohm working.
6. Works on -48V power supply
7. Local power supply at telephone end is not required.
8. Various gains, dialing permission, ring tone and ringing
duration can be adjusted with the telephone.

Remote Patching Unit
OF i
DASSFO V.20
RPU Unit
Remote Patch Unit
Gf 383
Features:
1. Dual channel (Normal and Alternate).
2. 600 ohms working impedance.
3. Remote controlled.
4. Cut and Thru action (Locally & Remotely).
5. Maximum 9 units per circuit.
6. -48 Volt working.

Three Way Amplifier
OF i
DASSFO V.20
TWA Unit
Three Way Amplifier
Gf 432
Features:
1. Full 4-Wire working.
2. Unity gain in all three paths.
3. 600 ohms working.
4. -48 Volt working.
5. Used at Radio patching points and where more than 4
control telephones are to be provided.
TC - 6
(Part - 2)
TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL

COMMUNICATION
Jayarajan.D
Instructor (Tele)

VoIP BASED TRAIN CONTROL COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

What is VoIP
• VoIP means Voice over Internet Protocol
• Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware
and software that enables people to use the Internet as
the transmission medium for telephone calls by
converting voice into packets using IP rather than by
traditional circuit transmissions of the Standard
Telephone Networks.
IP Telephony
Integration of:
– Voice
– Messaging
– Video and
– Data services over IP networks

Limitations in the existing DTMF system
- For a small additional feature hardware change is
required.
- More no. of phones on station master table.
- Voice quality degradation when WSE connected to the
circuit
- Equipment specific to railways, limited market driven
improvement.

Advantages of VoIP TCCS
• Commercially available Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products
• Packaged solutions.
• Based on open international standards
• Modern features of caller ID, call log
• Uses common infrastructure
• Future improvement (MPLS etc.) benefits the train
control communication

• The section controller is able to give ring to the way
station telephone of ASM even if this phone is busy in
conversation or not properly restored to “On Hook”
condition.
• If ASM is busy in conversation, he is getting added to

the controller’s conference.
• Only one phone is provided with ASM, which could be

used for communication with all controllers.
• The section controller is able to talk to ASM irrespective
of whether his phone is free or busy.
• Instant messaging between ASMs and Controller
instead of making a voice call.
• This could be used by ASMs to give train position to the
Section controller, thereby reducing the volume of call
traffic and workload on section controller.

• The control phone at a way station for ASM is able to
receive call from any of the controller pertaining to that
section with a distinct ringtone.
• By installing client software, mobile telephones are also
being used as control telephones.

Components of VoIP based TCCS
Equipment's at HEAD Quarters:
1. Controller room Equipment
2. Test room Equipment’s
3. Other HQ Equipment’s
Equipment's at Way Station:
1. OFC HUT Equipment
2. SM Room Equipment's
Controller’s Console

• It is a customized Touch Screen based PC, integrated
with Microphone and loudspeaker.
• Controller’s console is loaded with proprietary Control
software.
• Works on 230V AC mains adapter with UPS backup.
• Controller can call a way station simply by touching on

station button available on GUI based touch screen or
by dialing 3-digit code of the station.
Features of Controller’s Equipment
• Touch Screen along with key pad for operational ease
• Physical PTT switch and Software PTT
• Selective Call, Group Call and Conference Call
• Information regarding way stations currently

in conference
• Status of various station telephones, like: busy , free,

not reachable

• Caller ID, Call History
• Multiple group creation, group call
• Send and Receive of SMS or email
• Ambience listening of ASM Call

TESTROOM (Administrative) CONSOLE

Features of Test Room Equipment
• IP based Console (for monitoring and fault
diagnostics)
• Voice logger Gateway to the existing analog
Voice Logger
• Emergency Communication Gateway
• DTMF IP Gateway
• L2 Switch

Other HQ Equipments
• Communication Server – Linux based
• Voice Recorder (IP) - windows based
• NMS server – Windows based
• Administrative IP phone (for Configuration)
• FXO Gateway for interfacing Railway exchange numbers
• SMS Gateway
• Router (4 port Ethernet and 4 port optical)
• L3 Switch
Communication Server
• Linux based
• SIP signaling
• Duplicated on 1+1 Hot Standby
• Number of user accounts for different Controls
• Meeting call control and conferencing requirements.
Components at Way station
OFC hut:
• 2 port Router
• LAN Extender Working on -48V DC
ASM room:
• LAN extender
• IP Telephone
• 4 port FXS gateway
• Analog push button telephone working on -48V DC
Connectivity at Way stations

FEATURES
• 24x7 Operation
• Integrated PoE
• Communication protocol H.323 or SIP (Presently
working on SIP).
• Network protocols; TCP IP, UDP, RTP, RTCP, HTTP, ARP,
RARP, NTP, ICMP.
• Audio compression: G.711A law, G 722 and either
G 729a or iLBC. (Presently G.711A law)
• More than 8 Programmable keys

• 7 inch display.
• Interoperable.
• Distinctive call ring from Section Controller.
• Common single equipment for all controls.

• Incoming call alert from section controller even when
the phone is busy or off hook.

Emergency Control Circuit
• This circuit is provided to facilitate communication
between a controller in the control office and the train
crew from the section in case of emergency.
• In Non-RE areas this circuit will be manned by concerned
section controller or Deputy Chief Train Controller in the
control office.
• In RE areas, this circuit is provided with Traction Power
Controller (TPC) in control office and a facility to transfer
the circuit to section controller is provided in the
emergency control HQ equipment.
• In sections where control circuits are working on OH line,
the loco pilot and guard of each train are provided with a
portable control telephone and a telescopic pole with an
arrangement to connect the telephone to the OH lines.
• The portable control telephone works on 3V DC,
powered by torch/pencil cells.
• The lines of Section control circuit and Deputy control
circuits are marked with different colours on the post for
easy identification.
2W/4W LW Portable Control Telephone Telescopic pole

• In UG 4/6 quad cable laid sections, this circuit is dropped
and terminated in the sockets provided at every Km
alongside of the track.
• In this case, the crew of each train is provided with a
2W/4W light weight PCT and a key to open the EC socket
box.
• After opening the box they will insert the PCT in the
socket and they will be able to talk to the controller at
the other end.

EC Box
Portable Control Telephone EC Box Key

Emergency control connectivity in 6 Quad cable

Impedance Matching Transformer
PATCHING OF CONTROLS
• In case of any interruption in the medium due to fault
in any portion (quad cable or OFC path) of the section
control, the control circuits are made to work through
an alternate medium is called patching of controls.
• This arrangement may be manual or automatic.
• In manual arrangement, the alternate path is made
manually and automatic arrangement, this will be
done automatically.
• In quad cable laid sections, where OFC is not available,
generally we are hiring speech channels (one, two or
three) between control test room at divisional HQ and
any feasible stations at the other end from other service
providers, mainly BSNL.
• These channels can be used either for mid patching or
end patching as per the requirement.
• In case of multiple path failures, the circuit can be
patched from two mid way points as well.
Control working in Normal condition
Tx
Rx

Control working in patched condition
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
STN A STN B STN C STN D STN E

Cable Cut

• The control circuits (e-1) available in OFC laid route shall
be automatically protected in a ring path protection
system through RCIL network.
• In the case where RCIL network does not exist, then
protection will be extended by using other service
providers e-1 channels.
• Hence, the PD Muxes available in Control Office and end
of the control circuit shall be connected with protection
e-1 via different path.

Patching arrangement in OFC laid section

• In sections where optical fibre cable is laid, all the
controls will be working through the OFC channels.
• But for connecting the wayside EC sockets, the OFC
channel meant for EC working has to be patched to the
EC quad of the 4/6 quad PIJF cable at the stations.
• EC sockets are connected by tapping the Emergency
circuit on quad cable.
• A typical arrangement is shown in the next slide may be
adopted for patching.

Other equipments used in control
communication

2-Wire way station control telephone
(IRS: TC: 37-97)
• 2-Wire way station control telephones are provided at
way stations for providing communication from 2-Wire
omnibus control network.
• It works on 3V DC (+ 20% to - 10%).
• Insertion loss should not be greater than 0.2 dB while
listening & 0.8dB while speaking.
• When idle, current should be less than 20mA.

2-Wire way station control telephone

4 wire way station control telephone
(IRS: TC: 38-97)
• The 4 wire way station control telephones are provided at way
stations for providing communication from 4-wire omnibus control
network.
• It consists of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) body, HMT with
press to talk switch, cradle switch, coil cord of length 1.5 meters, 6
way rosette box, buzzer and LED.
• It has a pre-amplifier circuit in the Trans side to give an output
voltage of 250 mV across the line with 1120Ω load impedance for
an input of 5mv across the dynamic type transmitter.
4 wire way station control telephone

Typical circuit of a 4 wire control telephone

Universal DTMF Wayside Control Telephone
(IRS: TC 82-2005)
• Universal DTMF Way Side Control Telephone is suitable
for both 4 Wire and 2 Wire working.
• The telephone includes the circuitry of conventional
control telephone as well as DTMF decoder equipment.
• There is a flap on front side of the telephone. When this
flap is opened two DIP switch assemblies are visible
which are used for setting the way station code.
• The telephone works on 12V DC with ±20% supply
voltage.
• The current consumption:
30mA In idle condition
75mA During conversation
125mA During ringing period

2W/4W Portable Control Telephone
(IRS: TC: 75-99)
• Portable control telephones are provided with train
crew for talking with controller in emergencies. These
are also used by engineering and S&T staff.
• Separate amplifiers are provided for the microphone
and the receiver. By pressing the press to talk (PTT)
switch provided in the HMT, the 3 volts speaking
battery gets extended to the microphone. A 4W/2W
switch provided is to be operated to 2W side for using
in 2 Wire sections.
4W/2W Light Weight Portable Control Telephone
(IRS: TC 78-2000)
This lightweight portable control telephone is enclosed in
ABS plastic moulded box.
The telephone works on 3 VDC (2 Nos. of 1.5 dry cells).
With the help of a switch, the battery is connected to the
circuit.
The telephone can be selected for 2-Wire/4-Wire
operation with help of 2W/4W switch.

2-Wire 12-Way DTMF Telephone
(IRS: TC: 80-2000)
• In this system, the telephones are provided in Master-
Slave configuration.
• There is 1 Master + 10 Slave DTMF telephones.
• It is possible to assign any code to a slave telephone in
the decimal system. The numbering scheme is as given
below:
2 - 10 and *(11) are used as 10 slave telephone numbers.
1 Is used as Master telephone number.
# Is used for General call from the Master telephone.

Electronic LC Gate Telephone
(RDSO/SPN/TC-51-2011 Rev.3)
• This system is meant for communication between ASM
office and LC gates.
• It works on Master and slave principle. One master at
ASM office can be connected to 6 LC gate telephones
using an omnibus 2wire line.
• A 24V power supply to LC gate phones is extended
through the same omnibus speech line from the master.
• The master phone operates on 12V supply derived from
a 24V 7AH maintenance free battery.
LC Gate connectivity on 6 Quad cable
1. LC Gate 1 and 2 controlled from station A.

2. LC Gate 3 controlled from Station B

• Each LC gate telephone works as an electronic magneto
telephone without the need of any battery or power
supply source at the LC gate.
• Master operates with 12V DC and slave LC gate phones
with 24V DC from a dual power supply arrangement.
• For calling master from the slave telephone a push
button is provided.
• The master is provided with separate push buttons for
calling each slave.
• The master telephone is provided with voice logging
facility.
Integrated Way Station Control Communication
Equipment (IWCCE)
(RDSO/SPN/TC/70/2007)
• IWCCE can cater for eight 4-wire Omnibus Control
Circuits or Channels at way stations
• IWCCE can be connect up to 30 Way Station Control
Telephone (Subscribers).
• 6 (six) Subscribers each to first two Control Channels and
• 3 (three) Subscribers each to remaining six Control
Channels.
• Provision also exists to increase the number of
subscribers in a particular Control Channel by utilizing
the resources of other unused Control Channels.
• The system decodes both two digit and three digit DTMF
code coming from head quarter equipment and
generates ring to the desired subscriber.
• The IWCCE has facility to generate ring back tone
whenever a ring comes from the Control office.
• The ring at the control telephone lasts for the period of
15 seconds whenever called and gets terminated as soon
as handset is OFF-hook.
• The system has provision for gain adjustment of 4-Wire
Control circuit in both Tx & Rx directions.
• Voice calling from way station telephone to the
controller is available in the system.

• The system is compatible to work on any
communication media like OFC or Microwave.
• The IWCCE works with -48V± 20% DC Power Supply.
• All the Way Station Control Telephones work in tandem
with IWCCE and do not require separate power supply.
• The way station telephone works on twisted pair cable
having a loop resistance of less than 1200 Ohms.

Remote Control & SCADA
• In Electrified sections of Railways, the Remote Control
circuit is used for implementing the SCADA system.
• The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
performs remote controlling and monitoring functions
upon the sectioning/sub-sectioning/feeding points and
overhead equipment (OHE).

SCADA consists of:
• A Supervisory Computer System running MMI (Man-
Machine-Interface) software at headquarters station.
• Control Units, located at remote stations along the
track for performing data acquisition and control
functions. The control units are RTUs (Remote Terminal
Units).

• The Supervisory Computer system consists of a Host
computer used as server and a FEP (front end
processor) computer connected to the RC quad in the
communication cable through a modem.
• Both Host and FEP are duplicated for 100% standby
support. Supervisory (Operator) terminals, working as
clients to the server are used to send the control and
measurement commands to RTUs and also to
acquire data from RTUs.
• The RTUs (control units) make measurements as well as
report back to and execute commands from the
supervisory computer. Each RTUs consists of:
• a modem - receives command from headquarters
PC and passes on to control circuit,
• a microprocessor based control unit, and
• an interrupter

• The modem receives remote command from the
headquarters PC and passes it on to the control circuit.
• The control unit drives the interrupter either to OPEN or
CLOSE the HT supply circuit. The control units also collect
status of all the remote interrupters and sends to the
supervisory PC at the HQ. The data regarding the remote
equipments health is collected and sent by it.
• The control units have provision for connecting a
keyboard and a monitor and can be programmed for
different options or functions.
Auto Dialing System (IRS: S-83/2007)
• Auto dialing system to the existing Emergency control
circuit, facility is extended to the Emergency socket
available alongside the Railway track to connect any
subscriber either of a Railway Telephone Exchange or of
a BSNL Telephone Exchange in case of emergency.
• It consists of:
a) Base station unit and
b) Wayside telephone unit
Base Station Unit
(a) Operating Voltage : 12VDC +/- 20%

(b) Current consumption : 300mA max.
• Base unit is to be placed at the control test room where
Exchange telephone connections and 4-Wire Emergency
circuit is available.
• A loudspeaker is provided to monitor the speech from
wayside telephone.
• 12 digits LED display shows the Telephone number
dialed from the wayside telephone.
• LED indications are provided on the front panel of this
unit to indicate whether wayside telephone is
connected to BSNL or RLY Exchange.
Way Station Unit
(a) Operating Voltage : 12VDC +/- 20%

(b) Current consumption : 20mA max.(idle) & 100 mA
(Speaking)
• 4-Wire Way side unit in a box along with a 12 V/7AH
battery is to be carried to the EC socket from where
communication is to be established.
• It has a 3x4 key matrix with key numbers
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,*, and # to establish connection with
the Exchange telephones.
‘*’ Key is used to establish connection with the RLY.
Exchange, and
‘#’ Key is used to establish connection with the BSNL
Exchange.
VOICE LOGGER FOR CONTROL COMMUNICATION
(RDSO/SPN/TC/38/2002 Rev1.1 with amendment No.1)
• Voice logger is a device used to record audio information

from telephone, radios, microphones and other sources
for storage on a computer HDD or removable media.
• There are two basic modes of recording. They are VOX
mode and non VOX mode.
• VOX mode is voice activated and in non VOX mode,
recording is continuous.
CONNECTIVITY

1. Each VDRPU module have a connectivity of four
channels. Number of channels are scalable up to 64.
2. Modular construction.
3. Easy installation and user-friendly software interfaces.
Each channel Bank is of four channels. Compression rate
required is 64 Kbps to retain original voice. Higher
compression rates can be provided.

4. Separate indications are there for every channel
recording in progress. Records voice with date and time.
5. Plays any channel without interrupting recording of any
other channel, including channel being played. It has
Ethernet port to get connected in computer network.
6. Computer programmable selection of VOX, Pseudo calls
or off hook calls. GSM / CDMA interface for recording.
Recording remains uninterrupted even in case of defect
in computer and software.

The Train management system (TMS)
• It is a safe, reliable and effective system for regulating
trains by monitoring their movements, automatic
recording and retrieval of train timings and generation of
control charts.
• It is an integration of many systems working in perfect
coordination offering complete solution to train traffic
control.
• This system enables to effectively manage the train
movements in sections where trains are spaced at three
minutes intervals.
Primary functions of TMS
• Online display of movements of all trains with train
no./rake no. on video monitors as well as on view
indication panel in the control room.
• Interfacing with the train indicator boards at various
stations for minute to minute train arrival information to
commuters.
• Provision of video display units for train running
information to commuter with countdown in minutes.
• Interfacing with the announcement system for
facilitating auto announcements.
• To provide remote control operation of signaling
interlocking system.
• Generation of MIS reports and statistical data.
• Off line planning tools like log replay, Timetabling,
Simulation, etc.
• As a part of it, Mobile Train Radio communication
between Motormen/Guards of suburban trains and
controllers has also been catered for.
For Controllers

For Commuters

For Station Masters


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TC - 6

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 1

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 2

A) The cohesion in moving trains and traffic

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 3

• Sr. Divisional Operating Manager

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1. As soon as a valid key closure (corresponding to the first

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 35

• RT - Repeat key redials the last code transmitted.

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 37

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• It consists of following units:

• (a) DTMF Decoder & Speech Circuits

• (b) Control Telephone

• (c) 12V DC Power Supply & Battery Unit

• Way station equipments are different for 4-wire

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 42

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• Appropriate switches 0 - 9 are turned “ON”.

• To receive a special group code (A/B/C/D) from

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 45

4 W Control Arrangements at a Way Side Station

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• Facility is provided to the TPC to transfer any emergency

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• Conventional type: Consisting of VF Amplifiers, Leak

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL VER 1.0 58