@acud mi2
AG^IW_E^F & ZEZEKNEWE
X^FMADAJF

83 Oemudtes
X^FMADAJF SIMK FM-SIMK
SIMKFM- SIMKFM FM XIK
XIKNE
NESSESEK AG^I
AG^IW W_E^F
(Gilevfar Seddyfkj, Nlinmdfst cek Wetfkj ^nedis)
Xrajre` ^tucf
X^FMADAJF

^ftf Oetrfkfse Lesekel, @.Xsf, Xsfmadaj

 
 

SIMKFM XIKNESESEK AG^IW_E^F

• Led yekj pedfkj pamam cede` telepek agsirvesf ecedel gejef`eke
`idemumek pikje`gfdek cete sinere tipet cek ioimtfo.
• Cede` prasis pikje`gfdek cete tirsigut tiktukye cfgutulmek
c fgutulmek timkfm
 piknetetek yekj tipet
tipet sisuef cikjek pirfdemu yekj likcem mfte agsirvesf.
• ^itfep timkfm `i`fdfmf spisfofmesf cek pirsyeretek tirtiktu tir`esum
midigflek cek mimurekjekkye.
• Cikjek `i`ele`f girgejef timkfs yekj ece cede` agsirvesf, mfte gfse
sinere sidimtfo `i`fdfl timkfm yekj tipet sisuef cikjek pirfdemu yekj emek
cf agsirvesf.
• Simkfm piknetetek `ikyekjmut nere cek edet tir`esum mi`elfrek `i`guet

sirte `ikjjukemekkye yekj cfpirdumek uktum `iknepef tubuek agsirvesf.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

GILE
GIL E_FA
_FAWW SEDD
EDDVFK
VFKJJ

Cede` pikjjukeek timkfm gilevfar teddyfkj pirdu cfpele`f sinere `ikcede`

 bikfs tfkjmel demu yekj emek
emek cfe`etf. Sfkjmel demu
demu sigejef terjit
terjit gilevfar
 pece ceserkye cepet cfpfselmek
cfpfselmek mi cede` 7 ukft ekedfsfs,
ekedfsfs, sigejef girfmut 2
5. Sfkj
kjme
mel l de
demu ye
yekj
kj cf mrfft  tfkjmel demu yekj cepet cflftukj eteu
cfssmr
tfkjmel demu yekj cikjek sijire cepet cffciktfofmesf `udef cek sidisefkye.
@fsedkye 2 `ikikcekj gade, `i`umud, `idi`per mi ti`pet se`pel cek
`ikjfktirupsf pirmeteek arekj defk. Sfkjmel demu sipirtf fkf cepet cfnetet
cede` giktum orimuiksf
orimuiksf,, girepe medf tfkjmel demu `uknud `eme mi`ucfek
cf teddy
t eddy..
7. Sfkj
kjme
mell de
demu
mu ka
kakk cf
cfssmrft  tfkjmel demu yekj sudft cf`esummek cede` ukft
mrft
cfsmrft merike sudft cftiktumek ewed cek emlfrkye cerf pirfdemu tirsigut
uktum cfumur cede` setuek lftukjek. @fsedkye `ikekjfs, girbedek
cfruekjek, cucum cfdektef, `ikcikjermek `usfn cek `idflet miduer
 bikcide. Sfkjmel demu
demu sipirtf fkf cfnetet
cfnetet cede` curesf
curesf girepe
 girepe de`e tfkjmel
demu ftu tirbecf sipekbekj pikje`etek.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

GILE
GIL E_FA
_FAWW SEDD
EDDVFK
VFKJJ
• Micue tfkjmel demu tirsigut gefm yekj cfnetet cikjek orimuiksf eteu curesf
 girjuke uktum `ikiktumek
`ikiktumek eteu `ikjumur gesidfki cerf
cerf suetu pirfdemu
yekj tfcem cflerepmek sigidu` cfguet prajre` tirepf uktum `ikjugel
tfkjmel demu yekj tfcem cflerepmek tirsigut.
• Subuekkye ecedel uktum gfse `ikjugel tfkjmel demu yekj tfcem
Subuekkye tfcem
cflerepmek. Cede` led fkf timkfm piknetetek gilevfar teddyfkj cepet
cfjukemek uktum `i`piradil tubuek yekj cf`emsuc.
• @fsedkye epegfde ece pirfdemu kijetfo cek girdigflek yekj tfcem sisuef
cikjek usfekye eteu telepek pirmi`gekjekkye `eme cikjek cfmiteluf
 gesidfki kye cepet cfsusuk prajre` triet`ikt juke `ikjurekjf
 pi`uknudek tfkjmel demu yekj
yekj tfcem cflerepmek tirsigut.
• ^itidel triet`ikt mi`ucfek cfumur dejf pirfdemu yekj tfcem cflerepmek
tirsigut, mi`ucfek cfgekcfkjmek cikjek mieceek gesidfki, epemel tirbecf
 pirugelek yekj cflerepmek eteu tfcem.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

GILE
GIL E_FA
_FAWW SEDD
EDDVFK
VFKJJ
• ^itidel triet`ikt mi`ucfek cfumur dejf pirfdemu yekj tfcem cflerepmek
tirsigut, mi`ucfek cfgekcfkjmek cikjek mieceek gesidfki, epemel tirbecf
 pirugelek yekj cflerepmek eteu tfcem.
• Gilevfar teddyfkj `irupemek timkfm piknetetek yekj girsfoet ndasic
`itlac,, cf`eke tfcem ece cete `iktel uktum cete yekj tidel cfe`etf.
`itlac
 Ke`uk sucel `irupemek cete yekj sucel becf lesfd cerf
cerf pikje`etek
agsirvir.. Le`pfr si`ue pikcimetek muektftetfo girsfoet ndasic `itlac
agsirvir
silfkjje pirdu cfjegukj cikjek timkfm defk yekj girupe keresf silfkjje
cete digfl ma`priliksfo.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

GILE
GIL E_FA
_FAWW SEDD
EDDVFK
VFKJJ

MIYKSYKJEK XIKNESESEK GILE_FAW SEDDVFKJ

•
^uetu pikjumurek muektftetfo sigejef stretijf ceser uktum `ikjiteluf
ecekye pirugelek tfkjmel demu yekj cfagsirvesf
• Nere pikjirbeekkye nipet
• Agsirvir tfcem pirdu sinere tirpirfknf `idemumek piknetetek lekye

`ikteddy sebe pirfdemu yekj `uknud

• @ikjumur orimuiksf tirbecfkye tfkjmel demu sinere agbimtfo

MIDI@ELEK XIKNESESEK GILE_FAW SEDDVFKJ

• Cete `iktel lfdekj, tfcem ece piknetetek sinere citefd `ikjikef tfkjmel
demu yekj tirbecf
• Lekye cepet `ikjumur setu bikfs tfkjmel demu sebe silfkjje lesfdkye
sekjet spisfofm
• @esfl `i`ukjmfkmek tirbecfkye gfes cede` prasis piknetetekkye

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

NLINMDF^S

XIKJIWSFEK NLINMDF^S
•
@irupemek timkfm piknetetek yekj `ikyetemek eteu mitfcemgireceek
sisuetu. ^igejef naktal, epegfde mfte emek girgidekbe gudekek mi
supir`ermit, mfte `i`guet cudu ceoter gerekj epe sebe yekj emek cfgidf.
• Cikjek girgimed ceoter gidekbeek tirsigut mfte mi`ucfek girmidfdfkj cf
supir`ermit. Epegfde gerekj yekj ece cede` ceoter gidekbeek tirkyete ece,
ceoter gidekbeek tirsigut mi`ucfek mfte tekcef. Gerekj yekj ece cfgirf
tekce ˉ cek epegfde tfcem ece cfgirf tekce \.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

NLINMDF^S
• Cede` psfmadajf mitfme `ikje`etf pirfdemu `ekusfe nlinmdfst cfjukemek
uktum `iknetet eteu `irime` mibecfek tiktekj spinfofn gilevfar fk e jfvik
naktixt. Mete muknfkye 2 —spinfofn gilevfar‐ cek —jfvik naktixt‐.
• ^pinfofn gilevfar ecedel pirfdemu spisfofm yekj emek cfdflet. Led fkf
`ikjfkcfmesfmek gelwe nlinmdfst cfguet tirdigfl celudu beul sigidu`
mijfetek agsirvesf cfdemumek. Agsirvir tfcem cepet `ikyusuk suetu
nlinmdfst se`pef agsirvir `ikjiteluf led epe sebe yekj agsirvir fkjfkmek
ece cede` ceoter.
• ^igejef naktal, mfte fkjfk `idflet mi`e`puek `atarfm ledus Nlenle, ekem
usfe 9 teluk. Yktum ftu mfte pirdu `idflet maksip tiarf tirdigfl celudu.
Cede` tiarf psfmadajf pirmi`gekjek ekem, mfte emek `ikjiteluf gelwe
yekj cf`emsuc `atarfm ledus ecedel jiremek yekj `idfgetmek atat-atat
minfd tekjek cek berf-berf tekjek.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

NLINMDF^S
• Mfte buje `ikjiteluf gelwe mi`e`puek `atarfm ledus ekem usfe 9 teluk
`iknemup jiremek tekjek cek berf-berf tekjek yekj cfjukemek uktum
emtfvftes `ikjje`ger,
`ikjje`ger, `iwerkef, `irakni, `ikudfs luruo cek ekjme-
ekjme, `ikjjuktfkj mirtes, `idfpet mirtes sirte `i`gume cek `ikutup
risditfkj, `ikedfmek tedf sipetu cek sigejefkye. Adil merike ftu mfte
mi`ucfek `i`esummek pirfdemu eteu emtfoftes-emtfoftes cfetes mi cede`
nlinmdfst yekj `ikjumur mi`e`puek `atarfm ledus.
• Jfvik naktixt ecedel maktims cf`eke tfkjmel demu yekj cf`emsuc emek
`uknud. Epegfde mfte `idflet dejf naktal cfetes, `eme mi`e`puek `atarfm
ledus ekem usfe 9 teluk emek cepet cfe`etf cf sittfkj eteu sftuesf tirtiktu,
yeftu sftuesf gideber se`gfd gir`efk cikjek `ikjjukemek tekjek cf mides-
mides SM merike cede` sittfkj mides tirsigutdel mi`e`puek `atarfm ledus
ekem giser piduekjkye emek `uknud.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

NLINMDF^S
• @idflet pikbidesek cfetes, edet umur nimdfst cfjukemek epegfde bikfs tfkjmel
demu yekj emek `uknud tidel cfmiteluf cek tfcem cfgutulmek fkoar`esf
tiktekj orimuiksf cek eteu muedftes defk cerf tfkjmel demu tirsigut.
• Grekct (56:9) cede` Giktzik (7888) `ikyetemek gelwe ece cue tfpi
 piknetetek pirkyeteek
pirkyeteek cede` suetu edet umur nlinmdfst yeftu stetfn
stetfn
cisnrfptfak cek entfak cisnrfptfak.
• ^tetfn cisnrfptfak `ikukbum mipece meremtirfstfm fkcfvfcu eteu sittfkj yekj
ridetfvi tfcem girugel, naktal bikfs mide`fk, usfe, sumu gekjse cek stetus
imaka`f. Ecepuk entfak cisnrfptfak girfsf ceoter pirfdemu tirtiktu. Entfak
nlinmdfst `irime` mibecfek tiktekj spinfofn gilevfar side`e pirfaci
agsirvesf. Ceoter pirfdemu cfguet uktum sitfep ekem yekj emek cf agsirvesf
cek agsirvir `ikekcef pirfdemu ekem yekj `uknud cf sitfep wemtu side`e
 pirfaci agsirvesf.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

NLINMDF^S
• Giktzik (7888) `ikyetemek gelwe nlinmdfst ecedel suetu `itaci tirtutup
(ndasis `itlac) merike tfcem ecekye cete `iktel eteu mibecfek yekj
cfje`germek, yekj ece lekyedel miputusek / fkoirikni piknetet yekj
 girmeftek cikjek mrftirfe.
mrftirfe.
• Nlimdfst sekjet sidimtfo merike lekye `i`girfmek misi`petek mipece
agsirvir `i`guet miputusek yekj girmeftek cikjek mrftirfe.
• Xiknetetekkye girfsf suetu ceoter mrftirfe yekj lerus cfbeweg —Ve‐
—Ve‐ eteu
—Sfcem‐.
—Sfcem‐. Adil merike ftu pi`gene tfcem pukye cete `iktel eteu netetek
yekj digfl citefd uktum `ikjinim miputusek yekj cfguet agsirvir
agsirvir..
• ^itfep mrftirfe cede` nlinmdfst lerus `ikjumur ece tfcemkye pikjiteluek,

tfkjmel demu eteu

suetu jiremek, mitire`pfdek
mitire`pfdek cek
eteu `ikcismrfpsfmek
tfkjmel sinere
demu silfkjje tfcemtipet cek citefd
`i`girf
misi`petek pece agsirvir uktum `ikfdef sinere sugbimtfo.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

WIDFEGFDFSE^ NLINMDF^S

Cede` upeye `iknepef ridfegfdftes yekj ridivek, pirdu cfpirletfmek cue led
 piktfkj, yeftu 2
5. Fk
Fkttre
reag
agsi
sirv
rvir
ir ri
ridf
dfeg
egfd
fdfty  pikjjukeek
fty  pikjjukeek timkfm piknetetek
piknetetek nlinmdfst yekj
se`e adil agsirvir yekj se`e cede` riktekj wemtu yekj girgice
g irgice cek
`i`girfmek lesfd yekj se`e cek emuret. @fsedkye `idemumek nlinmdfst
tiktekj ejrisf ekem.
7. Fktir
Fktirag
agsi
sirv
rvir
ir ri
ridf
dfeg
egfd
fdfty  ecekye maksfstiksf eteu stegfdftes piknetetek.
fty
Xikje`gfdek cete agsirvesf cfdemumek adil digfl cerf setu agsirvir yekj
`ikjjukemek nlinmdfst yekj se`e mitfme `ikje`etf agsirvi yekj se`e.

4
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↗
 
 

_EDFCFSE^ NLINMDF^S

_edfcftes yekj cf`emsucmek ecedel gejef`eke oar`et nlinmdfst `e`pu

`ikjumur pirfdemu-pirfdemu, mitire`pfdek-mitire`pfdek eteu meremtirfstfm-
meremirfstfm yekj sisuef cikjek tubuek nlinmdfst tirsigut cfguet. Cede`
 pidemsekeekkye sirfkj medf sudft simedf uktum `iknepef
`iknepef vedfcftes cerf nlinmdfst.

4
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↗
 
 

BIKF^-BIKF^ NLINMDF^S

Ece gigirepe bikfs nlinmdfst yekj cepet cfmi`gekjmek sigejef oar`et

 piknetetek agsirvesf, yemkf
yemkf sigejef girfmut 2
• Nlinmdfst yekj cfjukemek uktum `ikjumur ece eteu tfcem ecekye pirfdemu
yekj cf`emsuc tekpe cfgetesf wemtu cek maktims.
• Nlinmdfst yekj cfguet uktum `ikjumur ece eteu tfcem ecekye pirfdemu
tirtiktu cikjek ceser kar`e usfe.

XIKJJYKEEK NLINMDF^S
• Cfjukemek uktum `iknetet ece tfcemkye suetu tfkjmel demu gircesermek
mrftirfe yekj emek cfkfdef.
•
@i`pirletfmek mi`ebuek cede` suetu rekjmefek pirmi`gekjek
• @ikjumur mi`ebuek eteu prajrisfvftes
• Cepet cfjukemek sigejef suetu snriikfkj uktum `idflet ecekye le`getek /
mitirde`getek cede` suetu pirmi`gekjek
•

Cepet cfjukemek
murfmudu` sigejef e nurrfnudu` pdekkfkj taad uktum `ikyusuk
fkcfvfcu
4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

MIYKSYKJEK CEK MIWYJFEK NLINMDF^S

MIYKSYKJEK NLINMDF^S
• Iofsfik cede` wemtu cek pikjirbeekkye
p ikjirbeekkye
• Ma`priliksfo
• @ikcamu`iktesfmek pirmi`gekjek
• @irupemek camu`iktesf fkcfvfcued uktum sitfep ekem 
•
@irupemek suetu fdustresf yekj bides `ikjikef maktfku` pirmi`gekjek

MIWYJFEK NLINMDF^S
• Sfcem
Sfcem `iknetet citefd / pirfknfek cerf suetu mibecfek
•

@ukjmfk cfgfesmek adil agsirvir 

• Girjektukj pece mrftirfe yekj agsirvegdi
• @i`fdfmf gekyem fti` silfkjje `ukjmfk `ikjlegfsmek gekyem wemtu

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

WESFKJ ^NEDI^

XIKJIWSFEK
• @irupemek suetu edet umur agsirvesf yekj girfsf ceoter pirtekyeek eteu
tfkjmel demu cek edtirketfvi bewegek cede` giktum smede (maktfku`).
• Simkfm piknetetek fkf cfjukemek epegfde tfkjmel demu yekj emek cfagsirvesf
tidel cfmiteluf cikjek pestf cek cfgutulmek netetek `ikjikef orimuiksf cek
eteu muedftes defk cerf tfkjmel demu.
• ^idefk ftu timkfm fkf cfjukemek epegfde tfkjmel demu yekj cfe`etf `i`fdfmf
espim-espim girgice cek sitfep espim emek cfkfdef cede` suetu smede.
• Wetfkj snedis `irupemek ndasic `itlac merike cede` retfkj snedis tfcem
ece cete `iktel eteu je`gerek `ikjikef pirfknfek tfkjmel demu.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

WESFKJ ^NEDI^
• Ceoter pirtekyeek yekj cf`emsuc `irupemek suetu mrftirfe tiktekj
mitire`pfdek-mitire`pfdek yekj spisfofm girmeftek cikjek erie tirtiktu
mitire`pfdek-mitire`pfdek
cf`eke mrftirfe tirsigut lerus cfciofkfsfmek sinere bides cek agsirvegdi.
• Muedftes pfdflek bewegek cfsusuk girmfser cerf murekj girmi`gekj eteu
mieceek yekj pedfkj rikcel cf sigidel mfrf mi pedfkj girmi`gekj eteu
mieceek yekj pedfkj tfkjjf cf sigidel mekek.
• Bu`del smede pfdflek bewegek fkf `fkf`ed > cek giktumkye gfse gir`ene`-
`ene` girjektukj pece cisefk cerf retfkj snedis. Xfdflek bewegek tirsigut,
 gfse girupe 2
e. Sfcem pirkel, berekj, sirfkj, sidedu

 g. Gidu` ece, sicekj

sicekj cede` prasis, sucel ece
n. Sfcem
Sfcem cfbu`pef, sigejfek cfbu`pef, sinere pikul cfbu`pef

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

WESFKJ ^NEDI^

Cede` prasis pikje`gfdek cete agsirvesf `ikjjukemek timkfm retfkj snedis

ece gigirepe led yekj pirdu cfpirletfmek agsirvir eteu piknetet retfkj snedis,
yemkf sigejef girfmut 2
5. Vemf
emfk
k gelwe
gelwe mrfti
mrftirfe
rfe cede
cede`
` retfkj
retfkj sned
snedis
is sisue
sisueff cikjek
cikjek tubu
tubuek
ek cek
cek sesere
seserek
k
 prajre` eteu sisuef cikjek
cikjek mfserek pirmi`gekjek ekem.
7. Digfl cerf
Digfl cerf set
setu
u agsirv
agsirvir
ir silf
silfkjje
kjje cep
cepet
et `i`g
`i`gekc
ekcfkj
fkjmek
mek les
lesfdk
fdkye
ye cek
cek
ridfegfdftes fktir-retir
fktir-retir `ikfkjmet juke
j uke `i`getesf gfes cerf
c erf agsirvir.
agsirvir.
>. Oe`fdfir
Oe`fdfir cikje
cikjek
k mrftir
mrftirfe
fe retfk
retfkj
j snedis
snedis eteu
eteu ceot
ceoter
er pirkye
pirkyetee
teek
k retfkj
retfkj sned
snedis
is
sigidu` `ikjjukemekkye cek yemfk gelwe mrftirfe tirsigut sucel
agsirvegdi.

3. Vemf
emfk
k gelwe
gelwe pfdfl
pfdflek
ek beweg
bewegek
ek `ikjj
`ikjje`g
e`germ
ermek
ek pirfd
pirfdemu
emu gume
gumekky
kkyee sfmep.
sfmep.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

XIKJJYKEEK WE
WESFKJ
SFKJ ^NEDI^
• Wetfkj snedis girjuke uktum `ikjiveduesf espim pirfdemu yekj digfl jdaged
cek uktum `ikjuektfofmesf misek.
• Wetfkj snedis girjuke uktum `ikj-essiss pirfdemu eteu pracum yekj sudft
uktum cfumur sinere dekjsukj.
• Wetfkj snedis girkfdef cede` gigirepe sftuesf essiss`ikt merike
 pikje`gfdek cetekye tfcem
tfcem `i`emek wemtu cek pirsakid
pirsakid
• Wetfkj snedis buje `i`ukjmfkmek ekce uktum 2
  e. @i`pirtf`gekjmek nduis yekj digfl ukfm
 g. @ikjiveduesf suetu muedftes cek misetuek pirfdemu
pirfdemu

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

OAW@ES XIKNESESEK WESFKJ ^NEDI^

• Cede` upeye `idemumek piknetetek cikjek `ikjjukemek retfkj snedis ece
 gigirepe edtirketfvi
edtirketfvi oar`et yekj gfse cfpfdfl.
• Xirgiceek oar`et piknetetek fkf pece ceserkye digfl `i`ucelmek agsirvir
yekj likcem `ikyusuk oar`et agsirvesf sisuef tubuek yekj likcem
cfnepef.
• Cikjek ci`fmfek pfdflek oar`et sekjet girjektukj pece tubuek agsirvesf
cek mi`e`puek agsirvir cede` `ikyusuk pirkyeteek tfkjmel demu.
Gigirepe oar`et tirsigut, ektere defk sigejef girfmut 2
5. Nlek
Nlekjf
jfkj
kj Ed
Edti
tirk
rket
etfv
fvis
is ^n
^ned
edis
is
Gejef`eke mi`ekcfrfek ekem side`e agsirvesf1
agsirvesf1 (dfkjmerf ka`ar
yekj sisuef ).
9 sekjet `ekcfrf
3 gfesekye `ekcfrf
> mecekj `ekcfrf

7 gfesekye cipikcik
  5 sekjet cipikcik 4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

OAW@ES XIKNESESEK WESFKJ ^NEDI^

7. Nakstekt Edtirketfvis ^nedis

  ^igirepe sirfkj _irakfne `i`pirdfletmek pirfdemu yekj pasftfo1
Dfkjmerf sedel setu.
9 sidedu
3 sirfkj
> mecekj-mecekj
7 berekj
5 tfcem pirkel
>. Cisn
Cisnrf
rfpt
ptfv
fvis
is Ed
Edti
tirk
rket
etfv
fvis
is ^ne
^nedi
diss

Misfejeek vfsued ekem (dfkjmerf ka`ar yekj sisuef)

9 `ete tirtutup cf misidurulek wemtu
3 `ete tirgume cf sipiri`pet wemtu
> `ete tirgume cf sitikjel wemtu
7 `ete tirgume cf tfje piri`pet wemtu
5 `ete tirgume cf sipekbekj wemtu
4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

OAW@ES XIKNESESEK WESFKJ ^NEDI^

3. Jreplfn Wetfkj ^nedis

  (Girf tekce sfdekj cfetes jerfs yekj sisuef)
Epemel ekem `i`girfmek fci-fci cede` repet1

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Sfcem pirkel
Sfcem sirfkj sidedu
9. Ku`irfned Wetfkj ^nedis
  ^igirepe gefm ekem `irispaks tirlecep mete-mete cek tfkcemek
arekj defk cede` emtfoftes radi pdeyfkj

5 7 > 3 9
 

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

OAW@ES XIKNESESEK WESFKJ ^NEDI^

?. Cisnrfptfvi Jreplfn Wetfkj ^nedis

Epemel ekem `i`pirdfletmek `fket pece gumu 1
a @i`gume gumu cikjek si`graka, tfcem pirkel `i`fdfl gumu cf wemtu
 giges, tfcem pirkel girjegukj
girjegukj cede` mida`pam —cakjikj‐
—cakjikj‐
a @i`gume gumu cikjke letf-letf, `i`fdfmf rese fkjfk telu emek fsf gumu,

mecekj `i`fdfl emtfoftes yekj girmeftek cikjek gumu

a @i`gume gumu cikjek letf-letf,
l etf-letf, `ikjiteluf fsf cerf bucudkye, tirdfget
cede` emtfvftes girmeftek cikjek gumu

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

XI@GYESEK WESFKJ ^NEDI^

Cede` `ikyusuk piknetetek cikjek retfkj snedis, sigidu` cfdemumek

 piknetetek mfte lerus `i`utusmek led-led girfmut fkf 2
5. Gi
Gire
repe
pe me
medf
df mf
mfte
te `i
`ikja
kjags
gsir
irve
vesf
sf fk
fkcf
cfvf
vfcu
cu
7. Gire
Girepe
pe de
de`e
`e (p
(pek
ekbe
bekj
kj)) pir
pirfa
faci
ci ag
agsi
sirv
rves
esff
>. Gire
Girepe
pe de
de`e
`e we
wemt
mtu
u ukt
uktum
um `i
`ide
demu
mume
mek
k ags
agsir
irve
vesf
sf

3. Ser
erji
jitt gil
gilev
evfa
farr yek
yekj
j eme
emekk cfe
cfe`e
`etf
tf
9. @ita
@i taci
ci pik
pikne
nete
tete
tek
k cete
cete yek
yekjj cfju
cfjuke
keme
mek
k

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

DEKJMEL-DEKJMEL XI@GYESEK WESFKJ

^NEDI^
5. @i`pirsf
@i`pi rsfepm
epmek
ek ceot
ceoter
er je`ge
je`gerek
rek pirf
pirfdem
demu
u yekj
yekj emek
emek cfkf
cfkfdef
def,, je`ge
je`gerek
rek
 pirfdemu fkf `ikjenu pece
pece ma`pakik eteu cf`iksf pirfdemu
pirfdemu yekj
cfturukmek cerf maksip tiarf.
7. @i`pi
@i`pirtf
rtf`ge
`gekjme
kjmek
k epem
epemel
el mrf
mrftir
tirfe
fe yek
yekj
j cfgu
cfguet
et suc
sucel
el agb
agbimt
imtfo.
fo.
>. @ikiktume
@ikikt umekk tfpi
tfpi smed
smedee yekj
yekj emek
emek cfpe
cfpemef
mef cik
cikjek
jek girc
gircese
eserr tubuek
tubuek cerf
cerf
agsirvesf.
e. ^mede `ukjmfk pirdu cftirbi`elmek cede` maktfku` epegfde
cerf agsirvesf fkjfk cfmiteluf cirebet muedftes cek eteu
orimuiksf cerf pike`pfdek pirfdemu.
 g. Maktfku` cfgejf mi cede` gigirepe gejfek epegfde retir
retir lerus
`ikekcef suetu tftfm cede` maktfku`.
  n. Xece mesus defk sitfep metijarf yekj ece cede` maktfku` lerus
cf ciofkfsfmek cikjek bides cek spisfofm sisuef cikjek tubuek
agsirvesf.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

DEKJMEL-DEKJMEL XI@GYESEK WESFKJ

^NEDI^
3. @i`guett fti`-
@i`gue fti`-fti
fti`` cerf
cerf suet
suetu
u cf`ik
cf`iksf
sf leru
leruss `ikj
`ikjumu
umurr cf`ik
cf`iksfsf yek
yekjj
se`e cek gekyemkye fti` cede` setu cf`iksf sigefmkye se`e.
9. Xirtf`
Xirtf`gek
gekjek
jek uktu
uktuumum `ikfk
`ikfkjme
jmetme
tmek
k agbimt
agbimtfvf
fvftes
tes cek
cek ridfe
ridfegfd
gfdfte
ftess retfkj
retfkj
snedis sigefmkye 2
e. @ikyicfemek ruekj masakj cfgewel retfkj snedis uktum

`ikudfsmek ma`ikter-ma`ikter eteu pirfknfek pirfdemu.

 g. Wuekj masakj yekj cfsicfemek
cfsicfemek buje cepet cffsf cikjek netetek
sipirtf 2 retir murekj / gidu` `i`fdfmf misi`petek yekj numup
uktum `ikje`etf pirfdemu yekj `ikukbummek cf`iksf tirtiktu.
Wuekj masakj uktum ma`ikter-ma`ikter imstre tirsigut emek
 girjuke mitfme `ikjiveduesf retfkj snedis.
snedis.

4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗
 
 

XIKJADELE
XIKJ ADELEK
K CE
C ESE WESFK
WESFKJJ ^NEDI
^ NEDI^
^

5. Demu
Demume
mek
k sma
smarf
rfkj
kj uk
uktu
tum
m sit
sitfe
fep
p fti
fti`
`
7. Guet mrftir
Guet mrftirfe
fe tikt
tiktekj
ekj mi`e
mi`e`pu
`puek
ek prisi
prisikte
ktesf
sf cek
cek pikyeb
pikyebfek
fek ned
nedak
ak casik
casik
yekj girsekjmutek, epemel 2
- mi`e`puek prisiktesf cek pikyebfek tfcem `i`ecef
- mi`e`puek prisiktesf cek pikyebfek murekj `i`ecef

- mi`e`puek prisiktesf cek pikyebfek `i`ecef

- mi`e`puek prisiktesf cek pikyebfek gefm
>. Cikjek nere
Cikjek nere `i`g
`i`guet
uet fkt
fktirv
irved
ed yemkf
yemkf (bu`
(bu`del
del fti`
fti` x smar
smar tirtfk
tirtfkjjf
jjf sitf
sitfep
ep
fti` „ bu`del fti` x smar tirikcel sitfep fti`) 2 3
@fsedmek bu`del fti` >8
^mar `emsf`ed >8 x > 0 68
^mar `fkf`ed >8 x 5 0 >8
Wekji 0 68 „ >8 0 ?8
Fktirved 0 ?8 2 3 0 59

↘ @IKY   EMLFWF ↗
  

 
 

XIKJADELE
XIKJ ADELEK
K CE
C ESE WESFK
WESFKJJ ^NEDI
^ NEDI^
^

3. @i`gue
uett mides-mides 2
>8 „ 39  tfcem `i`ecef
3? „ ?8  murekj `i`ecef
?5 „ :9  `i`ecef
:? „ 68  gefm
9. @ikyf`pu
@ikyf `pudme
dmek
k epeme
epemell nedak
nedak tir
tirsig
sigut
ut `i`f
`i`fdfm
dfmff mi`e`
mi`e`pue
puek
k `i`ec
`i`ecef
ef
cede` `ikjeber eteu numup `i`ecef eteu murekj `i`ecef.
?. Demumek
Demume k fktir
fktirpri
prites
tesff (cism
(cismrfp
rfpsfm
sfmek
ek cikje
cikjek
k `ikjj
`ikjjuke
ukemek
mek cet
cetee lesfd
lesfd
agsirvesf cek gircesermek tiarf).
  e. Mi`e`puek gefm cede` `ikjeber 2 Cepet cfserekmek uktum
cfekjmet `ikbecf casik titep cikjek edesek …….. (sigutmek)
  g. Mi`e`puek `i`ecef cede` `ikjeber 2 Cepet
cfpirtf`gekjmek uktum cfekjmet `ikbecf casik titep cikjek
netetek ………… (sigutmek)

↘ @IKY   EMLFWF ↗
 4
↘    ;
↗

 
 

CEOSEW
CEOSEW XY^S
XY^SEME
EME
Srfstfecf.(7883).Agsirvesf cek Zeweknere.Bemerte 2 Geyu`icfe Xugdfslfkj
Weleyu, F.S., Srfstfecf.(7883).Agsirvesf

^tiwert, B.N., Nesl, Z.G.

Z.G. (7888). Fktirvfiwfkj2 Xrfknfpdis ekc
e kc Xrentfnis. Ykftic ^tetis
ao E`irfne2 Sli @nJrew-Lfdd

Muscfyetf, ^., Oel`f, F. (7859). Agsirvesf Xsfmadajf. Gekcukj2 XS.

XS. Wi`ebe Wascemerye.

Jarcik, W. D. (566?). Gesfn Fktirvfiwfkj ^mfdds. Fddfkafs2

Fdd fkafs2 O.I.
O.I. Xienanm Xugdfslir
Xugdfslir,, fkn.

Giktzik, Z.W. (7888). ^iifkj Vaur Nlfdcrik2 E Jufci ta Agsirvfkj ekc Winarcfkj
Gilevfar Oaurtl Icftfak. Sla`sak Dierkfkj2 Ykftic ^tetis.

@IKY EMLFWF
 4
↘ @IKY    EMLFWF ;
↗

Sirf
irf`e
`e Mesf
Mesfll
^ftf Oetrfkfse Lesekel, @.Xsf, Xsfmadaj