KIPPAP EDUCATION

Evaluation Exam 17

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for
each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

Situation I. From the figure shows a cross – section of a one way slab. Compute the following;

S-1 S-2 S-3

1.5m 4.2m 3.6m

1. The minimum thickness of Slab S-2.

A. 150 mm C. 140 mm
B. 100 mm D. 145 mm

Solution:

𝑙𝑛
Slab 2 is considered both end continuous. Hence, 𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝟐𝟖

To easy remembering the code the hint is in the first 3 condition just add 4.

𝑙𝑛 4200
Therefore, 𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 150𝑚𝑚
𝟐𝟖 28

2. Recompute the thickness of slabs S-2 of the solid one-way slab assuming that wc = 2000 kg/m3 and
Fy = 345 MPa.

A. 150 mm C. 140 mm
B. 100 mm D. 145 mm

Solution:

There 2 cases here as you can see the 2 codes presented 2010 and 2015 if you follow 2010 you will use
the multiplier for the computing the factor corresponds to density of concrete (𝜔𝑐 ) if 2015 you will not
use the multiplier.

409.3.1.1.3 For non prestressed composite beams made of a combination of lightweight and normal-weight
concrete shored during construction, and where the lightweight concrete is in compression, the modifier of Sec.
409.3.1.1.2 shall apply.

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Evaluation Exam 17

𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒉(𝜶)(𝜷)
where:
h = minimum based on Table 409.3.1.1 NSCP 2015

𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎 , 𝟏. 𝟎
 {𝑓 ≠ 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎, (𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝟕𝟎𝟎)
𝑦 𝒇𝒚
𝑘𝑔
𝑤𝑐 = 2400 , 𝟏. 𝟎
𝑚3
 { 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒘𝒄 
1440 < 𝑤𝑐 < 1840 , 𝒎𝒂𝒙 {
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝟏. 𝟎𝟗

We will use multiplier for 𝑓𝑦 ;

345
 0.4 + = 0.8928571429 NSCP 2010
700

We will use multiplier for 𝜔𝑐 ;

 𝑚𝑎𝑥{1.65 − 0.0003(2000) = 1.05, 1.09


Use 

Therefore, ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 150(0.8928571429)(1.09) = 145.982 𝑚𝑚

Solving in NSCP 2015; Use because it exceeded the range given by the Code.

Therefore, ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 150(0.8928571429)(1.00) = 133.9285 𝑚𝑚

Hence, the answer should be ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 =133.93mm say 140mm

Situation II. A cantilever beam with a clear length of 2.5m is 300 mm wide with a total depth of 600 mm
and an effective depth of 540 mm, f'c= 21 MPa and, fy= 275 MPa. Unit weight of concrete 23.5 kN/m3.
Use 2015 NSCP.
w kN/m

A B
2.5 m

3. It the total factored load on the beam is 58 kN/m, which of the following most nearly gives the length
of the beam in which stirrups are required.

A. 900 mm C. 1,600 mm
B. 1,250 mm D. 2,500 mm

4. If the factored shear at section 300mm from face of support is 470 kN, determine the required
spacing of 12 mm Ø vertical stirrups at a length "d" starting from face of support.

A. 50 mm C. 75 mm
B. 65 mm D. 85 mm

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Evaluation Exam 17

5. If the beam is reinforced with 3 legs of 10mm Ø diameter stirrups spaced at 100 mm on center,
determine the shear strength, Vu (kN), of the beam?

A. 476 C. 269
B. 357 D. 349

Solution:
0.17(1.0)√21(300 ∗ 540)
V𝑐 = 0.17𝜆(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑏𝑤 𝑑) = = 126.20 𝑘𝑁
1000

0.5ØVc = 0.5(0.75)(126.20) = 47.33 kN

145 kN NSCP 2015

47.33 kN

x 2.5-x

2.5m

By ratio and proportion:

145 47.33
= ; x = 1.68m
2.5 2.5 − 𝑥

#3 x=1680mm say 1600mm

#4 By ratio and proportion;

Vucritical 470
= ; Vucritical = 418.73 kN
2.5−0.54 2.5−0.3

Vu = Ø(Vc + Vs ); Solve for Vs

418.73
Vs = − 126.20 = 432.11 kN
0.75

In order to simplify the calculation divide Vs to (√f’c)(bw)(d);

Vs
= 0.582
(√𝑓′𝑐)𝑏𝑤 𝑑

Now compare it to 0.33 and 0.66

0.33 < 0.582 < 0.66

Therefore use condition Smax = min{ d/4 , 300)

Smax = min { 135 , 300 } = 135 mm

Computing Sactual ;

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ≤ ;
𝑉𝑠

𝜋
4
(122 )(2)(275)(540)
𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ≤ ; 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 77.7𝑚𝑚 say 75mm
4(432.11 𝑥 103 )

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Evaluation Exam 17

Sactual = 75mm govern.

Situation III. Using NSCP 2015, find the effective flange width of the following T-sections if the beams are
supported by 300 x 300 mm columns on both ends 8m apart, center to center.

Beam A Beam B

250 4000 300 5000 250

6. Beam A:

A. 2225 C. 4800
B. 1900 D. 1400

7. Beam B:

A. 2250 C. 850
B. 900 D. 2750

Solution:

Thickness of slab = 100mm (erroneous)

For Beam A:

𝑏 𝑓 = 𝑀𝐼𝑁 { 𝐶1, 𝐶2, 𝐶3}

Condition 1 (C1): 𝑏𝑤 + 16𝑡

𝑆1 𝑆2
Condition 2 (C2): 𝑏𝑤 + +
2 2

𝑙𝑛
Condition 3 (C3): 𝑏𝑤 +
4

C1: bf = 300+16(100) = 1900 mm

C2: bf = 300+4000/2 + 5000/2 = 4800 mm
C3: bf = 300 + 7700/4= 2225 mm

Therefore, the beffective flange = 1900mm

Beam B:

C1: 250 + 6(100) = 850mm Govern, C1: beffective flange = 850 mm

C2: 250 + 5000/2 = 2750mm
C3: 250 + 7700/12 = 891.667 mm

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Evaluation Exam 17

Situation IV. A 6m long simply supported beam is carrying a factored concentrated load of 500 kN acting
at midspan, factored axial compression load of 250 kN, and a factored uniformly distributed load of
6.921kN/m. The beam is 300mm wide and has a total of 700mm. It is reinforced at the bottom, side with
3-32 bars. The effective depth is 630mm, and f'c is 27.6 MPa, Fy= 276 MPa. Steel covering up to tensile
reinforcement is 70mm. Using detailed analysis use provided code below.
500 kN

6.921 kN/m

250 kN 250 kN
6m

8. Modified moment (Mm) at critical section

A. 99.8 C. 92.3
B. 110.8 D. 101.4

9. Shear strength provided by the concrete

A. 419.7 kN C. 226.7 kN
B. 333.9 kN D. 157.6 kN

10. Spacing of stirrups if the diameter of the rebars is 10mm

A. 150 mm C. 210 mm
B. 600 mm D. 315 mm

Solution:

The key word is modified moment meaning you are using the detailed solution for computing the
questions asked.

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Evaluation Exam 17

Computing the reaction at the supports; R=270.763 kN.

Based on table 422.5.6.1 Vc= MIN ( C1, C2, C3 )

Cutting at the ‘d=0.63m’ distance from the support and computing the Mu and Vu at the critical section;

∑𝑀 = 0 ↺ +

6.921(0.63)2
𝑀𝑢 = 270.763(0.63) − = 169.207 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ↑ +

𝑉𝑢 = 270.763 − 6.921(0.63) = 266.40277 𝑘𝑁

4(0.7) − 0.63
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑚 ; 𝑀𝑚 = 169.207 − 50 ( ) = 101.3945 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8

𝑀𝑚 = 101.3945 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Since Mm is greater than 1.0 then Condition 1 is applicable to solve the problem and check which is
smaller

Shear provided by concrete, Vc but before solving it directly we need to solve and check 𝜌𝑤 and check if
𝑉𝑢 ∗𝑑
exceeds 1.0
𝑀𝑚
𝑉𝑢 ∗ 𝑑 266.403(0.63)
= = 1.655 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑠 1.0 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑘!
𝑀𝑚 101.3945

𝐴𝑠 768𝜋
𝜌𝑤 = = = 0.01276583681
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (300)(630)

Therefore, substituting the computed values to Condition 1 you will get;

(0.16(1.0)√27.6 + 17(0.01276583681)(1.655)) (300)(630)

𝑉𝑐 = = 266.750 𝑘𝑁
1000

Note: Regardless computing the 3rd condition still 1st Condition will remain lesser hence the answer will
be the same.

𝑉𝑐 = 266.750 𝑘𝑁

Now computing for the spacing of the stirrups,

𝑉𝑢 = Ø(𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠 )
266.403 = 0.75(266.75 + 𝑉𝑠 ); 𝑉𝑠 = 128.443 𝑘𝑁

Solving for the spacing;

𝜋
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦ℎ 𝑑 4
(102 )(2)(276)(630)
𝑆= = = 212.646𝑚𝑚 (before boxing this answer check it with the code)
𝑉𝑠 128.443𝑥103

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Evaluation Exam 17

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 0.33√𝑓′𝑐(𝑏𝑤 𝑑)

0.33√27.6(300)(630)
= 327.665𝑘𝑁, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑉𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1;
1000

𝑑
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛 ( , 600) = 𝑀𝑖𝑛(315,600) = 315𝑚𝑚
2

Therefore, S=Min (212.646,315) = 212.646 say 210 mm

SITUATION V. The T-beam shown in figure below resulted from monolithic construction of the beam and
slab. The effective flange width is 1100mm and the uniform slab thickness is 120mm.

Properties of the T-beam:

f’c = 21 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Centroid of steel from compression fiber, d’ = 70mm
For positive reinforcement: 5-25mmØ
For negative reinforcement: 3-25mmØ

11. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam for positive moment neglecting the contribution of the top
reinforcement.

A. 452.1 kN-m C. 260.9 kN-m

B. 502.3 kN-m D. 289.9 kN-m

12. Calculate the nominal strength of the beam for negative moment.

A. 452.1 kN-m C. 260.9 kN-m

B. 502.3 kN-m D. 289.9 kN-m

1100
120

3-25mmØ
590

5-25mmØ

340

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Solution:

For #11 for positive moment the bending is concave upward meaning the fiber at the bottom experiences
tension while fiber at the top experience’s compression. And we will neglect the top reinforcement.

Step 1. Check if the equivalent rectangular stress block (a) will exceed to the thickness of the flange, by
comparing the area of the flange to the area of the concrete.

Assuming steel yields (fs = fy)

𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇𝑠
′
0.85(𝑓 𝑐)(𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝜋
0.85(21)(𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ) = (5)(25)2 (415)
4
𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 57062.366556 𝑚𝑚2

Comparing it to the area of the flange;

𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 1100(120) = 132,000 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 > 𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
∴ 𝑎 < 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
Solving a;

𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 𝑎(1100)

𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇𝑠
0.85(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝑎 ∗ 1100) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝜋
0.85(21)(𝑎 ∗ 1100) = (5)(25)2 (415)
4
𝑎 = 51.8748𝑚𝑚

2nd Solution: you can assume that 𝑎 < 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 as alternative solution.

𝑎 51.8748
𝑐= = = 61.02928647𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85

Step 2. Check if the made assumption is correct

(𝑑 − 𝑐) (520 − 61.02928647)
𝑓𝑠 = 600 = 600 = 4512.308867 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑐 61.02928647

𝑓𝑠 = 4512.308867 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Hence, correct assumption that steel yields (fs = fy)

𝑓𝑠 = 4512.308867 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 1000 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Hence, the reduction factor will be used is Ø=0.9 ( tension-controlled )

Step 3. Computing the nominal positive moment kN-m;

𝑎 𝑎 51.8748
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − ) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = (2454.369261)(415) (520 − ) (10−6 ) = 503.234 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2 2

𝑀𝑛 = 503.234 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

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Evaluation Exam 17

For #12 for negative moment the bending is concave downward meaning the fiber at the bottom
experiences compression while fiber at the top experience’s tension. And in this part we will consider the
reinforcement at the top as from the figure shown.

Determine if it is a doubly reinforced analysis. Considering that it is negative moment hence, you are
designing the moment capacity at support. Not unlike in the previous number you are considering the
positive moment and it is located at midspan.

3 3
Cmax = d = (520) = 195mm
8 8
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇𝑠
𝜋
0.85(21)(𝑎)(340) = (3)(252 )(415)
4
𝑎 = 100.6983 𝑚𝑚
𝑐 = 118.4685 𝑚𝑚
𝑐 < 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑅𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠

Step 1. Assume all tension steel yields (𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 )

𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇𝑠
0.85(𝑓′𝑐)(𝑎)(𝑏𝑤 ) = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝜋
0.85(21)(𝑎)(340) = (3)(252 )(415)
4

𝑎 = 100.6983 𝑚𝑚
𝑐 = 118.4685 𝑚𝑚

Step 2. Check if the made assumption is correct for tension steel;

𝑑−𝑐 520 − 118.4685

𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( ) = 600 ( ) = 2033 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑐 118.4685
𝑓𝑠 >> 𝑓𝑦 → 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠
𝑓𝑠 > 1000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑; ∅ = 0.90

Hence, correct assumption that steel yields (fs = fy)

Step 3. Computing the nominal negative moment kN-m;

𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑐 (𝑑 − )
2
′ (𝑎𝑏 )
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑤 (𝑑 − )
2
100.6983
𝑀𝑛 = (0.85(21)(100.6893)(340) (520 − )) (10−6 )
2
𝑀𝑛 = 258.319 kN-m

SITUATION VI. The isolated T-beam is composed of a flange 700mm wide and 150mm deep cast
monolithically with a web of 250mm width that extends 600mm below the bottom surface of the flange
to produce a beam of 750mm total depth. The tensile reinforcement area is 4914 mm2 consists of six bars
placed in two horizontal rows separated by 25mm clear spacing. The centroid of the bar group is 650mm
from the top of the beam and depth from the top of the beam to the lowest bar is 685mm. The concrete
has a strength of 21MPa, and the yield strength of the steel is 420 MPa.

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Evaluation Exam 17

13. What is the design moment capacity of the beam?

A. 692.9 kN-m C. 1168 kN-m

B. 475.6 kN-m D. 1052 kN-m

14. What is the maximum steel ratio of the section?

A. 0.34223 C. 0.0303
B. 0.2231 D. 0.031202

15. What is the balance area (mm2) of the section?

A. 2045 C. 5423
B. 4356 D. 7910

Solution:

700 mm

150
750
d

As

250

bw
be – bf

Asf tf a Aw

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Evaluation Exam 17

Step 1. Solve for a

Solution 1: Conventional solution, assume a < tf.

0.85(21)(700𝑎) = 4914(420)
𝑎 = 165.1764 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛!

Now, solving for a > tf

0.85(21)(700(150) + 250(𝑎 − 150)) = 4914(420)

𝑎 = 192.4941 𝑚𝑚
Solution 2: It will be assumed that the strength of the T-beam is controlled by yielding of tensile stress.
For the computation we will divide the area into two parts, Asf represents steel area that, when stressed
to fy is required to balance to the longitudinal compressive force in the overhanging portions of the flange
that are stressed uniformly at 0.85f’c. Thus,

0.85(21)(700 − 250)(150)
𝐴𝑠𝑓 = = 2868.75 𝑚𝑚2
420
𝐴𝑤 = 𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 4914 − 2868.75 = 2045.28 𝑚𝑚2

Getting a;

2045.25(420)
𝑎= = 192.4941 𝑚𝑚
0.85(21)(250)
Solving for Mn;
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
𝑡𝑓 150
𝑀𝑛1 = 𝐴𝑠𝑓 (𝑓𝑦 ) (𝑑 − ) = 2868.75(420) (650 − ) (10−6 ) = 692.803 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2
𝑎 192.4941
𝑀𝑛2 = (𝐴𝑠 − 𝐴𝑠𝑓 )(𝑓𝑦 ) (𝑑 − ) = 2045.28(420) (650 − ) (10−6 ) = 475.676 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2
𝑀𝑛 = 692.803 + 475.676 = 1168.479 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.9(1168.479) = 1052.63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Solving for maximum steel ratio;

3 0.85(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝛽1 ) 𝐴 𝑠𝑓 3 0.85(21)(0.85) 2868.75

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( )+ = ( )+ = 0.03120072
8 𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 8 420 300(650)
Calculating for 𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 .
𝑑𝑡 − 0.85𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙 685 − 0.85𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 600 ( ) → 420 = 600 ( ) ; 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 324.5𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙 0.85𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙
0.85(𝑓 ′ 𝑐)(𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ) = 𝐴𝑠𝑏 (𝑓𝑦 )
0.85(21)(700(150) + (𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑙 )(250)) = 𝐴𝑠𝑏 (420)
∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑏 = 7910.3125 𝑚𝑚2

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Evaluation Exam 17

SITUATION VI. Refer to the given frame system below.

Given:
S1 = S2 = S3 = 2.8m
L1 = L2 = L3 = 6.0m
ts, thickness of slab = 100mm
Wu (Total ultimate load) = 12 kN/m
f’c = 20.7 MPa
fy = 275 MPa
Concrete cover in slab reinforcement = 20mm

Structural Members Dimensions

Beams 300x400
Columns 300x300

L1 L2 L3

A B C D
S1

E F G H
S2

I J K L
S3

M N O P

ts
400

300

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Evaluation Exam 17

16. What is the design positive moment at the interior span bounded by F-G-K-J?

A. 6.25 kN-m C. 5.36 kN-m

B. 4.69 kN-m D. 6.82 kN-m

17. What is the required spacing (mm) of 10mmØ bars for the negative moment at the interior beam
support at FG?

A. 200 mm C. 150mm
B. 210mm D. 300mm

18. What is the maximum spacing (mm) of 10mmØ bars at panel F-G-K-J based on NSCP 2015?

A. 200 mm C. 150mm
B. 210mm D. 300mm

Solution:

16. Design positive moment (kN.m) at the interior span bounded by F-G-K-J.

Ln = 2.8 – 0.3
Ln = 2.5 m

wu Ln2
Mu (+) =
16
12(2.5)2
Mu (+) =
16

Mu (+) = 4.6875 kN.m

17. Required spacing (mm) of 10 mmØ bars for the negative moment for the negative moment at the
interior beam support FG.

Note: Ln for negative moment is the average of the adjacent clear spans.

wu Ln2 Check;
Mu (-) = 75 − 0.85(6.425)
12
12(2.5)2 𝑓𝑠 = 600( = 6493.859 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Mu (-) = 5.461274571
12 0.85
Mu (-) = 6.25 kN.m ∴ 6493.859 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ≫ 1000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑑𝐵
d = t – cc -
2
10
d = 100 – 20 - ΣFH = 0
2
d = 75 mm C=T
0.85f'c a B = As fy
𝑎 0.85(20.7)( 5.461274571)(1000) = As (275)
Mu = Ø (C or T)( d - )
2 As = 349.4222767
𝑎
Mu = Ø C (d - )
2
𝑎 Check if one-way or two-way:
Mu = 0.9[0.85f'c a B] (d - )
2
𝑎 L
6.25(106) = 0.9[0.85(20.7)(a)(1000)](75 - ) ≥2
2 𝑆
a = 5.461274571 mm 6
= 2.14 ∴ one way
2.8

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Evaluation Exam 17

Note: As(min) must be kbt since the slab is one-way bending member.
Code for one-way bending 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛 );

Examiner's Solution:
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑
√𝑓′𝑐 √𝑓′ 𝑐 1.4
Use 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑖𝑓 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≥ 31.36 𝑀𝑃𝑎 or check which is larger 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝐼𝑁( , )
4𝑓𝑦 4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) = 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) = (1000)(75) = 381.81818 𝑚𝑚2
275

In solving slabs you need to check the 𝐴𝑠(min) 𝑟𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥). because if you check the fs you will
notice that it will always exceed 1000 MPa, hence it is a tension controlled.

Others:

Structural members What to check?

Beams/Columns 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥)
Slabs 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛)
Footings 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑖𝑛)

Since As < As(min), use As(min).

𝜋
As(min) = (𝑑 )2 𝑛
4 𝑏
𝜋
381.81818 = (102 )(𝑛)
4
𝑛 = 4.86146008 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

1000
𝑆= = 205.699519 𝑚𝑚
𝑛
∴ 𝑆 = 200𝑚𝑚

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Evaluation Exam 17

18. Maximum spacing (mm) of 10 mmØ bars at panel F-G-K-J as prescribed by design codes. From section
407.7.2.3:

Smax = 3t or 450 mm (whichever is smaller)

Smax = 3(100) or 450 mm
Smax = 300 mm or 450 mm
Smax = 300 mm

SITUATION VII. Refer to column section figure as shown below. Use simplified calculation for shear.

Given:

Section Properties:
b=400mm
h= 600mm
Concrete cover = 40mm
f’c = 28 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Ø = 0.75
Due to lateral force (WL) acting at the column the design axial load due to combined effect of DL, LL, and
WL at the (+)X direction are as follows:

(Moment) Mu = -420 kN-m

(Shear) Vu = +370 kN-m
(Axial) Nu = +1320 kN

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Evaluation Exam 17

19. Determine the concrete nominal shear strength (kN) for the +X Direction of WL using simplified
calculation for shear.

A. 315 kN C. 267 kN
B. 175 kN D. 220 kN

SOLUTION:

𝑏𝑤 = 400 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 +
𝑁𝑢
) 𝜆 √𝑓𝑐 ′𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑑 = 600 − 40 − 12 − 0.5(32) 14𝐴𝑔
1,320,000
𝑑 = 532 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) (1)(√28)(400)(532)
14(400)(600)
𝑉𝑐 = 266.63 𝑘𝑁

20. Determine th144 e required spacing of the shear reinforcements.

A. 266 mm C. 150mm
B. 210mm D. 300mm

SOLUTION:
𝑉𝑢 370
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 266.63 = 226.703 𝑘𝑁
Ø 0.75

𝑉𝑠 ≤ 0.33 √𝑓𝑐 ′𝑏𝑤 𝑑

Strength requirement:

122 ℼ
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 (3)(415)(532)
4
𝑠 ≤ = = 330.43 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑠 226.703 𝑥 103

122 ℼ
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 (3)(415)
4
𝑠 ≤ = = 1,005.76 𝑚𝑚
0.35 𝑏𝑤 0.35 (400)

Additional requirement:

𝑑 532
𝑠 ≤ = = 266 mm 𝑠 ≤ 600
2 2

21. If the spacing of the lateral reinforcement is 150mm, determine the value of the factored shear
strength capacity if the section is subjected to a significant axial tensile load Nu = 450 kN.

A. 441 kN C. 375 kN
B. 588 kN D. 499 kN

SOLUTION:

S = 150; d=532 −450𝑥103

𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 ( 1 + ) (1.0)(√28)
3.5(400𝑥600)
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦ℎ 𝑑 𝑉𝑐 = 88.876 𝑘𝑁 > 0 𝑜𝑘!
𝑆= 𝑉𝑢 = Ø (𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠 )
𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑠 = 499.3925 𝑉𝑢 = 0.75 (88.876 + 499.3928)
𝑽𝒖 = 𝟒𝟒𝟏. 𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵

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Evaluation Exam 17

SITUATION VIII. A rectangular beam has b=310mm and d=460mm. The beam will be designed to carry a
service load of 230 kN-m and service load of 160 kN-m. Compression Reinforcement if necessary will
have its centroid 70mm from extreme compression fiber. Use f’c = 30 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.

22. Determine the tension steel area.

A. 4135 mm2 C. 1056 mm2

B. 3138 mm2 D. 3332 mm2

SOLUTION:
0.05 𝑀𝑢 = 1.2 𝑀𝐷 + 1.6 𝑀𝐿
ß1 = 0.85 − (f’c − 28)
7
0.05 𝑀𝑢 = 1.2(230) + 1.6 (160)
ß1 = 0.85 − (30 − 28) 𝑀𝑢 = 532 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
7
ß1 = 0.836

Solve for ØMn max:

3
𝑐 = 𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑 = 197.143 𝑚𝑚
7
Tension Steel:
𝑎 = ß1 𝑐 = 164.76
800− 𝑓𝑦
Ø = 0.65 + 0.25 = 0.8145 𝑇1 = 𝐶𝑐
1000− 𝑓𝑦

𝑎 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85 f’c a b

𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85 f’c a b (d − )
2 𝐴𝑠1 (415) = 0.85 (30)(164.755)(310)
164.76
𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85 (30)(164.76)(310)(460 − ) 𝐴𝑠1 = 3,138 𝑚𝑚2
2
𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 491.81 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑛2 = 𝑇2 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )
Ø𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.8145 (491.81) 161.33 𝑥 106 = 𝐴𝑠2 (415)(460 − 70)
Ø𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400.595 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝐴𝑠2 = 997 𝑚𝑚2

Since Mu = 532 kN-m > Ø𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 , compression 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2

steel is necessary. 𝐴𝑠 = 3,138 + 997
Mn1= 𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 491.81 kN-m
𝑀 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Mn2= 𝑢 - 𝑀𝑛1
Ø
532
Mn2= − 491.81
0.8145
Mn2= 161.33 kN-m

23. Determine the compression steel area.

A. 997 mm2 C. 0 mm2

B. 1069 mm2 D. 4135 mm2

Compression Steel:

𝑐−𝑑 ′
f’s = 600
𝑐 C's = T2
197.143−70
f’s = 600 𝐴′ 𝑠 f’s = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
197.143
f’s = 386.96 MPa < 𝑓𝑦 𝐴′ 𝑠 (386.96) = 997 (415)
𝑨′ 𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Compression steel does not yield, f’s = 386.96 Pa

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Evaluation Exam 17

SITUATION X. A column 800mm in diameter is reinforced with 12-25mmØ is reinforced with 12mm
spaced 72mm on centers. Use the following criteria:

Ø = 0.75
f’c = 30 MPa
fy = 413 MPa
fyh = 275 MPa
Fv = 0.90 MPa

24. What is the nominal shear strength of concrete?

A. 476.7 kN C. 512.3 kN
B. 460.8 kN D. 435.2 kN

25. What is the nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement?

A. 276 kN C. 338 kN
B. 552 kN D. 435 kN

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑆
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐(𝑏𝑤 𝑑) → 𝐹𝑣 = 0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = 0.9
𝑉𝑐 = 0.9(800)(0.8(800)) = 460.8 𝑘𝑁 (𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤)
𝜋
( ) (12)2 (2)(275)(0.8(800))
𝑉𝑠 = 4 = 552.92 𝑘𝑁
72
ACI CODE:

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Evaluation Exam 17

SITUATION XI. A cantilever beam 2.4m long is subjected to a uniform load w throughout its length. The
trapezoid beam cross section has a 100mm diameter hole positioned as shown below.

120 mm
w kN/m

150 mm
A 2.4 m B

Concrete Properties:

f’c = 28 MPa
90mm

ft = 2.8 MPa
𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.5 3
𝑚

200 mm

26. What is the bending moment that will cause the beam to crack?

A. 2.76 kN-m C. 3.38 kN-m

B. 3.85 kN-m D. 4.35 kN-m

27. Determine the bending stress in the extreme fiber in compression due to cracking moment.

A. 2.92 MPa C. 9.02 MPa

B. 3.36 MPa D. 2.58 MPa

28. In addition to its own weight, what additional concentrated load at the end can the beam safely carry
before it cracks?

A. 672 kN C. 742 kN
B. 552 kN D. 435 kN

29. If the beam are reinforced with 3-25mmØ with their centroid located at 170 from the bottom,
determine the cracking moment. The ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to concrete, n=8. Neglect
the hole for the computation.

A. 5 kN-m C. 12 kN-m
B. 4 kN-m D. 4.35 kN-m

30. What is the stress in tension steel?

A. 2.92 MPa C. 9.02 MPa

B. 3.36 MPa D. 2.58 MPa

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Evaluation Exam 17

Solution:

Step 1. Get the moment of inertia of with holes:

𝑦ത

x y FREQ
vertical distance of every
Area of the shape
shape from the reference line
0 240/2 = 120 240(120)=28800
0 (1/3)(240) = 80 1
(80)(240) = 9600
2
0 90 -𝜋(50)2

**area to be subtracted from the figure**

Syntax:
Mode 3-2 2:Lin
𝑦ത = 115.14239 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
240 − 𝑦ത = 124.8576 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

120(240)3 80(240)3 𝜋(50)4

𝐼𝑁𝐴 = ∑ 𝐼𝑥̅ + 𝐴𝑑 2 = + + + 𝛴𝑦 2 + 𝑛(𝑦ത)2 = 171.6219 𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
12 36 4

Solving for Mcr;

𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑓𝑟 = 𝑓𝑡 =
𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑀𝑐𝑟 (240 − 𝑦ത)
2.8 = → 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 3.848 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
171.6219𝑥106

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Evaluation Exam 17

Solving for fc;

𝑀𝑐𝑟 (𝑦ത) (3.848)(1000)2 (115.14239)

𝑓𝑐 = = = 2.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼𝑁𝐴 171.6219 𝑥106

In addition to its own weight, what additional concentrated load at the end can the beam safely carry
before it cracks?
P

w kN/m

A 2.4 m B

1 𝑘𝑁
𝑤 = ( (120 + 200)(240) − 𝜋(50)2 ) (23.5) = 0.71783
2 𝑚
2
𝑤𝐿
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑝(𝐿)
2
0.71783(2.4)2
3.848 = + 𝑝(2.4)
2
𝑝 = 0.74193𝑘𝑁 = 742 𝑁

If the beam are reinforced with 3-25mmØ with their centroid located at 170 from the bottom, determine
the cracking moment. The ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to concrete, n=8. Neglect the hole for
the computation.

x y FREQ
0 240/2 = 120 240(120)=28800
0 (1/3)(240) = 80 1
(80)(240) = 9600 170
2
𝜋
0 170 (n-1)As = 7 ( ∗ 3 ∗ 252 )
4
𝑦ത

𝑦ത = 122.6977𝑚𝑚 → 𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

240 − 𝑦ത = 117.30229 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 209.735 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

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Evaluation Exam 17

Solving for Mcr;

𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑓𝑟 = 𝑓𝑡 =
𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑀𝑐𝑟 (240 − 𝑦ത)
2.8 = → 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
209.735 𝑥 106

Solving for fs;

𝑓𝑠 𝑀𝑐𝑟 (170 − 𝑦ത) (3.848)(1000)2 (47.3023)

= = = 9.021 𝑀𝑃𝑎
8 𝐼𝑁𝐴 209.735 𝑥 106

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