Department of CS&E, PESCE, Mandya 2021-2022

Infant Care Assistant (Smart Cradle)
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Many parents are unable to devote sufficient time to infants on account of office work or being
short-handed. There are also many first time parents, who lack experience in raising children. Infants,
on the other hand, demand constant attention and care. Simple methods to immediately calm the
agitated infants need to be devised. Hence, there is a need to assist parents in taking care of their
infants by providing them with a single product which would monitor their infants at all times, send
notifications in case attention is required, raise alerts in case of emergency situations and provide real
time interaction between parents and infants. So to help such parents we have decided to come up with
a smart cradle which will help a mother or a father have a track of their child and do some household
work simultaneously. As lives started getting busier and parents to have a little time to provide for their
little ones. The cradle systems started getting more modified. Many infant monitoring systems came
into the market. Parenting infants is a difficult task in the initial stages. It becomes difficult for parents
to understand the language of their infants but baby monitors help to try and understand their infants
by providing them with vitals so the parents can understand the cause of uneasiness experienced by the
baby. If a system could understand the uneasiness of the baby or why the baby might be crying it
means that for both working and non-working parents could save their time and provide the necessary
care and attention to the infant.
There is huge problem the working parents are facing is proper take care of their babies or toddlers.
They cannot pay proper time for their babies. Toddlers and babies need 24×7 observation of their
parents, which is very difficult for working parents. This prototype model solves the problem of time
and energy usage of such parents. The prototype model of the room contains a movement sensor, gas
sensor, voice recognizer and other electronic devices connected to Arduino. The room appliances are
working with coordination of sensors and Arduino. Parents can set the electronic devices work
according to the conditions they have given and they can operate these devices by their mobile phones
even when they are away from the baby room. There are many project works done for baby monitoring
but they only works to monitor baby’s temperature, heartbeat and some other baby’s physical
conditions. But there is no work done on the whole caretaker baby room. This room is multitasking.
Department of CS&E, PESCE, Mandya 2021-2022 Page 1

IOT (Internet of things):
IOT is the word of era. From Artificial Intelligence to networks IOT is playing a vital role. Everything
is in the ease of hands. The Internet of Things (IOT) is defined in many different ways, and it
encompasses many aspects of life from connected homes and cities to connected cars and roads, roads
to devices that track an individual’s behavior and use the data collected for push services. So, Internet
of things is a system of interrelated computing devices, digital machines, objects, animals or people
that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data from one place to another place
over a network without requiring human to human or human to computer interaction. Internet of
Things (IOT) is an ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible through the internet.
The thing in IOT could be a person with a heart monitor or an automobile with built-in sensors, i.e.
objects that have been assigned an IP address and have the ability to collect and transfer data over a
network without manual assistance or intervention. The embedded technology in the objects helps
them to interact with internal states or the external environment, which in turn affects the decisions
taken. In today’s world things should be very fast and automatic. IOT is a very good platform which
can make probably everything automatic.
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
The current number of working mothers has greatly increased. Subsequently, baby care has become a
daily challenge for many families. Thus, most parents send their babies to their grandparents’ house or
to baby care houses. However, the parents cannot continuously monitor their babies’ conditions either
in normal or abnormal situations. Therefore, an Internet of Things-based Baby Monitoring System
(IoT-BBMS) is proposed as an efficient and low-cost IoT-based system for monitoring in real time.
1.2 MOTIVATION
In the early stages, the baby needs enough rest and sleep to grow and develop. Therefore, it is the
parent / guardian's responsibility to provide the baby with the necessary care and attention. However,
in the modern lifestyle, parents are busy, have little time to care for their children, and do a lot of work.
When a baby is born in a family, there must be someone to take care of the baby. Some parents have to
fulfill their dual obligation to monitor their baby and do household chores. Keeping a servant could be

an option but not all can afford servant. To help such parents, we decided to create a smart cradle to
help mothers and fathers monitor their children while doing household chores.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
They do not have enough time to properly take care of their babies. So, the whole room is set up as
it can sense the activities of the baby and work according to requirement. Parents can save their
time and energy as they don’t have to go and check their baby again and again until they don’t get
any information about baby. Electric energy is also being saved because the devices will work only
when they are needed. There will not be any wastage of electric energy. The idea of this scenario is
accomplished by using sensors and a microcontroller. The sensors will sense the things happening
and microcontroller will operate the devices under the conditions the parents set for these devices.
1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM
Existing system presents the design and implementation of a new indigenous low cost E-Baby Cradle
that swings automatically when baby cries, for this it has a cry analyzing system which detects the
baby cry voice and accordingly the cradle swings till the baby stops crying. The speed of the cradle
can be controlled as per the user need. The system has inbuilt alarm that indicates two conditions –
first when the mattress is wet, which is an important parameter to keep the baby in hygienic
condition, second when baby does not stop crying with in a stipulated time, which intimated that
baby needs attention. This system helps parents and nurses to take care of babies without physical
attention.
1.5 DISADVANTAGES
Compared to the proposed system, the existing system was not integrated and it is cost
in-efficient.
1.6 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed solution is an Infant Care Assistant which consists of the infant monitoring, data
transfer, data analysis and user interface units. The infant monitoring unit collects data from various
sensors and creates comfortable environment for the infant by controlling the cradle. The data transfer
unit is a medium for the transfer of data between the user, the infant monitoring unit and the data

analysis unit. The data analysis unit comprises the cry detection, using moisture sensor, temperature
sensor, Humidity sensor, Noise sensor which determine the state of the infant. The user interface gives
the user global remote access and operational control over the Infant monitoring system.
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
● Remote monitoring
● Real-time analysis
● Real-time notification
● Globally accessible

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
According to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST)
Computing in cloud has been defined as, “ A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”
Following are some papers been referred to:
A. Automatic E-baby Cradle Swing based on Baby Cry

By Misha Goyal and Dilip Kumar
Introduces the design and launch of the new low-cost traditional E-Baby Cradle which automatically
changes when a baby cries. The speed of the cradle can be controlled as required by the parent. The
system has an inbuilt alarm that indicates wetness of mattress and duration of cry. This system can be
enhanced with more features like a baby rotating toy with music and camera. Baby can be monitored
live via 3G by their parent.
B. Baby cry detection in domestic environment using deep learning

By YizharLavner, Rami Cohel, Dima Ruinskiy, Hans Ijzermen
The author proposes two machine learning algorithms that automatically detect baby crying with
voice recording. Logistic regression is the first algorithm. To train this classifier, features such as Mel
frequency cepstral coefficients, pitch, formants, etc. are extracted from the recording. The second
algorithm uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) that works with the log mel filter bank
representation of audio recordings. Performance evaluation of the algorithms is carried out using a
dataset which consists of babies (0-6 months old) recording along with respective tags. The recordings
contain sounds of baby crying, parents talking and door opening and closing sounds. When compared
to the logistic regression classifier, CNN classifier shows better performance.

C. Image processing techniques to recognize Facial Emotions

By A. Mercy Rani, R. Durgadevi
Image Processing Techniques to Recognize Facial Emotions. Includes face detection, non-skin
region extraction and morphological processing to recognize emotion. First, frame based detection is
implemented. Then image quality is analysed. Face location is detected using viola-jones algorithm.
Extraction of non-skin regions and morphological operations are applied to the extracted image to
extract the facial feature for recognition of facial emotions.
D. An emotion Recognition Model Based on Facial Recognition in Virtual Learning

Environment
By D Yang, A Alsadan, PWC Prasad, AK Singh
This paper provided a proposed model to solve the problem of emotion recognition based on facial
recognition in virtual learning environments and the efficiency and accuracy are considered at the
same time. Since this study does not deal with image lighting and poses, it is unclear to what extent
these factors affect facial expressions and thus final emotion recognition. All of these questions should
be investigated and experimentally validated in future studies.
E. Image de-noising using fuzzy and wiener filter in wavelet domain

By Akash Kethwas and Bhavana Jharia
The de-noising of images is the initial step in image processing. Robustness and detail preservation
are the two most important aspects of modem image enhancement filters. There are several methods
for image de-noising in spatial and transform domains. The current trends of image de-noising
research are the evolution of mixed domain methods. Based on the result, it is clear that ATMA V with
HAAR gives vulnerable results for image de-noising, while HAAR with ATMED wavelet gives better
results as compared to previous techniques, as shown in the result part. Thus HAAR with ATMED is
the promising method for image de-noising. Future endeavors include a better expansible proportion of
wavelet coefficients in order to get better de-noising effects using fuzzy filters.

CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
3.1 REQUIREMENTS
A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software Requirements

Specification) is a document or set of documentation that describes the features and behavior of a
system or software application. It includes a variety of elements that attempts to define the
intended functionality required by the customer to satisfy their different users. In addition to
specifying how the system should behave, the specification also defines at a high-level the main
business process that will be supported, what simplifying assumptions have been made and what
key performance parameters will need to be met by the system. The SRS is often referred to as the
"parent" document because all subsequent project management documents, such as design
specifications, statements of work, software architecture specifications, testing and validation
plans, and documentation plans, are related to it.
System requirement plays an important part in the analysis of the system. Only when the
requirement specification is properly given, it is possible to design the appropriate system, which
will fit into a pre- defined and required environment.
The requirement specification for any system can be broadly stated as given below:
● The system should be able to interface with existing system.
● The system should be better and accurate than existing system.
● The system should be interactive so that its user should easily understand the operation.
● The system should show the appropriate message when the user finishes the operations.
Also, when there is any error condition, suitable message should be displayed. The requirement
analysis phase is for understanding the existing system, which is usually a simple activity.
Recognition of Phony Reviews in E-commerce Platform Department of CS&E, PESCE, Mandya
Page 13 The goal of this activity is to understand the requirements of the good system to be the
current mode of operation are basic requirements available for the analysis. The process of
obtaining answers to questions that might arise in an analyst’s mind continues until the analyst
feels that enough information has been obtained. It is important to note that an SRS contains
functional and non- functional requirements only.

Functional Requirement
Functional requirements in an SRS document (software requirements specification) indicate what
a software system must do and how it must function; they are product features that focus on user
needs. These are the requirements that the user specifically demands as basic facilities that the
system should offer and this segment normally comprises a hierarchical arrangement of
requirements, with
Non-Functional Requirement
A non-functional requirement is a specification that describes the system’s operation capabilities
and constraints that enhance its functionality. These may be speed, security, reliability, etc., and
also defining the quality attribute of a software system, they specify the criteria that can be used to
judge the operation of a system rather than specific behaviors.
Benefits of Non Functional Requirement are as follows:
● The non-functional requirements ensure the software system follow legal and compliance
rules.
● They ensure the reliability, availability, and performance of the software system
● They ensure good user experience and ease of operating the software.
3.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE:-
● Raspberry Pi
● Pi Camera
● Moisture Sensor
● Noise Sensor
● Relays
● DC Motor
● DT11 Sensor

SOFTWARE:-
● Python
● Geany
● Arduino App
● Blynk Application
● VNC Viewer
● IP Scanner

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Fig 4.1 System Architecture
RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by

the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote teaching of basic computer science in schools and
in developing countries. The original model became far more popular than anticipated, selling outside
its target market for uses such as robotics. It does not include peripherals (such as keyboards and mice
) or cases. However, some accessories have been included in several official and unofficial bundles.

fig 4.2 Raspberry PI module
The organisation behind the Raspberry Pi consists of two arms. The first two models were
developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. After the Pi Model B was released, the Foundation set up
Raspberry Pi Trading, with Eben Upton as CEO, to develop the third model, the B+. Raspberry Pi
Trading is responsible for developing the technology .
The Raspberry Pi Models
This part describes the models of Raspberry Pi available. This report will not attempt to
provide full specifications but an overview in order to help in making a decision as to which device it
is required to accomplish the objectives in question. Currently, five Raspberry Pi models do exist.
They are: Model B+, Model A+, Model B, Model A and the Compute Module (currently only
available as part of the Compute Module development kit ). All these models use the same SoC
(System on Chip - combined CPU & GPU), the BCM2835, but other hardware features differ.
a) Model B+/B First release was made in July 2014. This Model is an upgrade of the Model B. It
has the following characteristics: 4 USB ports, 40 pins on the GPIO header , Improved power
circuitry which allows higher powered USB devices to be attached and now hot-plugged. The
full size composite video connector of Model B has been removed and the functionality moved
to the 3.5mm audio/video jack and the full size SD card slot of Model B has also been replaced

with a much more robust microSD slot[25]. The following details some of the improvements
over the Model B:
Current monitors on the USB ports mean the B+ now supports hot-plugging
⮚ Current limiter on the 5V for HDMI means HDMI cable-powered VGA converters
work in all cases
⮚ 14 more GPIO pins
⮚ EEPROM readout support for the new HAT expansion boards
⮚ Higher drive capacity for analog audio out, from a separate regulator, which means
a better audio DAC quality ϖ No more back powering problems, due to the USB
current limiters which also inhibit back flow, together with the "ideal power diode"
Composite output moved to 3.5mm jack 15
⮚ Connectors now moved to two sides of the board rather than the four of the original
device
⮚ Ethernet LEDs moved to the Ethernet connector ϖ 4 squarely-positioned mounting
holes for more rigid attachment to cases
Programming the Raspberry Pi
To enable communication with the outside world, the Raspberry Pi has to be programmed with
a suitable programming language. These languages include Java, FOTRAN, Pascal, Python, C, C++
etc.[26]. Each language has its own syntax and semantics. RPI can be programmed using any of these
languages but for purposes of this project, Python will be of great importance to study. It is provided
by default through and thus optimum operation of the Pi can be achieved.

Raspberry Pi Operating Systems
An operating system makes Raspberry Pi run. Since Raspberry Pi is a credit sized computer
that is based on Linux, optimum performance of RPI can be achieved if it is therefore operated in this
environment. Raspbian provides more than a pure OS: it comes with over 35,000 packages,
precompiled software bundled in a nice format for easy installation on RPI. Important to note is that
the Raspberry Pi does not operate in a Windows environment. To get access to Pi from windows we
require Putty Software. Putty is an SSH and Telnet client.
RASPBERRY PI ARCHITECTURE
Fig 4.3 Raspberry PI architecture
PI CAMERA:
The Pi camera module is a portable light weight camera that supports Raspberry Pi. It
communicates with Pi using the MIPI camera serial interface protocol. It is normally used in image
processing, machine learning or in surveillance projects. It is commonly used in surveillance drones
since the payload of camera is very less. Apart from these modules Pi can also use normal USB
webcams that are used along with computer.

Pi Camera Features
● 5MP colour camera module without microphone for Raspberry Pi

● Supports both Raspberry Pi Model A and Model B
● MIPI Camera serial interface
● Omnivision 5647 Camera Module
● Resolution: 2592 * 1944
● Supports: 1080p, 720p and 480p
● Light weight and portable (3g only)
Fig 4.4 PI camera
This Raspberry pi Camera has been used in this model which is used for the online streaming. Online
Streaming of the innermost circle is done using Raspberry pi processor which can be viewed by typing
the IP address of the host in any web server. Thus the activities taking place in the innermost circle can
be viewed anytime and anywhere when you have an internet connection, thus ensuring the security.
The Raspberry Pi camera module can be used to take high-definition video, as well as stills
photographs. It’s easy to use for beginners, but has plenty to offer advanced users if you’re looking to
expand your knowledge.
There are lots of examples online of people using it for time-lapse, slow-motion and other video

cleverness. You can also use the libraries we bundle with the camera to create effects. If you’re
interested in the nitty-gritty, you’ll want to know that the module has a five megapixel fixed-focus
camera that supports 1080p30, 720p60 and VGA90 video modes, as well as stills capture. It attaches
via a 15cm ribbon cable to the CSI port on the Raspberry Pi. It can be accessed through the MMAL
and V4L APIs, and there are numerous third-party libraries built for it, including the Pi camera Python
library. The camera module is very popular in home security applications, and in wildlife camera traps.
You can also use it to take snapshots. The Camera Board on the Raspberry Pi is a small printed circuit
board with a camera on it. The PCB is connected to a ribbon cable which connects to the Pi itself on its
own port. The ribbon can be extendable. The camera on the board is very small (5MP camera). As for
now it is the only Camera made specifically for the Pi therefore these specifications cannot be updated.
Since it uses 250mA, externally powering the Pi should be sufficient enough for the camera.Specific
configuration settings are required to initialize the camera plus a Python script to enable it take
pictures.
RELAY
Relays are the switches which aim at closing and opening the circuits electronically as well as
electromechanically. It controls the opening and closing of the circuit contacts of an electronic circuit.
When the relay contact is open (NO), the relay isn’t energize with the open contact. However, if it is
closed (NC), the relay isn’t energize given the closed contact. However, when energy (electricity or
charge) is supplied, the states are prone to change.
Relays are normally used in the control panels, manufacturing and building automation to control
the power along with switching the smaller current values in a control circuit. However, the supply of
amplifying effect can help control the large amperes and voltages because if low voltage is applied to
the relay coil, a large voltage can be switched by the contacts.
If preventive relays are being used, it can detect overcurrent, overload, undercurrent, and reverse
current to ensure the protection of electronic equipment. Last but not the least; it is used to heat the
elements, switch on audible alarms, switch the starting coils, and pilots the lights.
Relay Types
In addition to the electromechanical and electromagnetic relay, there is a wide variety of relays with
different working principles; principles of operation and polarity.

Relays are normally used in the control panels, manufacturing and building automation to control
the power along with switching the smaller current values in a control circuit. However, the supply of
amplifying effect can help control the large amperes and voltages because if low voltage is applied to
the relay coil, a large voltage can be switched by the contacts.
If preventive relays are being used, it can detect overcurrent, overload, undercurrent, and reverse
current to ensure the protection of electronic equipment. Last but not the least; it is used to heat the
elements, switch on audible alarms, switch the starting coils, and pilots the lights.
Relay Function
We have added the relay diagram in the section below to ensure the clear understanding of relay wiring
and relay circuits along with their working.
Fig 4.5 orking of Relay
The diagram sheds focus on the internal section of the relay in the circuit. There is an iron core
delimited with the control coin. The power source connects with electromagnet through load contacts
and a control switch. When energy is supply to the circuit through the control coil, magnetic fields
intensifies given the commencement of energizing. This way, upper contact arms gets attracted by the
lower fixed arm which closes the contacts leading to the short circuit. However, if the relay was
de-energized, an open circuit is created with the opposite movement of the contact.

Once the coil current goes off, a movable armature is force back to the initial position, and the force is
equal to half of the magnetic force and electric strength. The main reasons behind this force include
gravity and spring.
The relays perform two basic functions, such as high voltage application and low voltage application.
In the case of high voltage, arcing is reduce while in the low voltage applications, overall circuit noise
is reduce to a minimum.
Features
• The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay,
• It can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages.
• The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is 200mA so these devices can
supply relay coils directly without amplification.
Fig 4.6 Picture of Relay
Advantages of relays:
• Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.
• Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.
• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
• Relays can switch many contacts at once.

DC motor :
Fig 4.7 Picture of DC Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current electrical energy
into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.
Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic,
to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide
range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on
direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger
DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for
steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC
motors possible in many applications.
Electromagnetic motors
A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the
center of the coil. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the coil can be
changed with the direction and magnitude of the current flowing through it. A simple DC motor has a
stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature with one or more windings of insulated wire
wrapped around a soft iron core that concentrates the magnetic field. The windings usually have

multiple turns around the core, and in large motors there can be several parallel current paths. The ends
of the wire winding are connected to a commutator. The commutator allows each armature coil to be
energized in turn and connects the rotating coils with the external power supply through brushes.
(Brushless DC motors have electronics that switch the DC current to each coil on and off and have no
brushes.)
The total amount of current sent to the coil, the coil's size and what it's wrapped around dictate the
strength of the electromagnetic field created.
The sequence of turning a particular coil on or off dictates what direction the effective electromagnetic
fields are pointed. By turning on and off coils in sequence a rotating magnetic field can be created.
These rotating magnetic fields interact with the magnetic fields of the magnets (permanent
or electromagnets) in the stationary part of the motor (stator) to create a torque on the armature which
causes it to rotate. In some DC motor designs the stator fields use electromagnets to create their
magnetic fields which allow greater control over the motor.
At high power levels, DC motors are almost always cooled using forced air.
Different number of stator and armature fields as well as how they are connected provide different
inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by
changing the voltage applied to the armature. The introduction of variable resistance in the armature
circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are often controlled by power
electronics systems which adjust the voltage by "chopping" the DC current into on and off cycles
which have an effective lower voltage.
Since the series-wound DC motor develops its highest torque at low speed, it is often used in traction
applications such as electric locomotives, and trams. The DC motor was the mainstay of
electric traction drives on both electric and diesel-electric locomotives, street-cars/trams and diesel
electric drilling rigs for many years. The introduction of DC motors and an electrical grid system to
run machinery starting in the 1870s started a new second Industrial Revolution. DC motors can operate
directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electric vehicles and
today's hybrid cars and electric cars as well as driving a host of cordless tools. Today DC motors are
still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives, or in large sizes to operate steel rolling mills
and paper machines. Large DC motors with separately excited fields were generally used with winder

drives for mine hoists, for high torque as well as smooth speed control using thyristor drives. These are
now replaced with large AC motors with variable frequency drives.
If external mechanical power is applied to a DC motor it acts as a DC generator, a dynamo. This

feature is used to slow down and recharge batteries on hybrid and electric cars or to return electricity
back to the electric grid used on a street car or electric powered train line when they slow down. This
process is called regenerative braking on hybrid and electric cars. In diesel electric locomotives they
also use their DC motors as generators to slow down but dissipate the energy in resistor stacks. Newer
designs are adding large battery packs to recapture some of this energy.
SOIL MOISTURE
Fig 4.8 Picture of Moisture sensor
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.[1] Since the direct gravimetric
measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture
sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such
as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content.
The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary
depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity. Reflected
microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote sensing in hydrology and
agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners.

Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric water content. Another class of
sensors measure another property of moisture in soils called water potential; these sensors are usually
referred to as soil water potential sensors and include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.
Technology
Technologies commonly used to indirectly measure volumetric water content (soil moisture) include).
Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR): The dielectric constant of a certain volume element around
the sensor is obtained by measuring the operating frequency of an oscillating circuit.
Time Domain Transmission (TDT) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR): The dielectric constant of
a certain volume element around the sensor is obtained by measuring the speed of propagation along a
buried transmission line;[2] (see also: TDR moisture sensor)
Neutron moisture gauges: The moderator properties of water for neutrons are utilized to estimate soil
moisture content between a source and detector probe.
Soil resistivity: Measuring how strongly the soil resists the flow of electricity between two electrodes
can be used to determine the soil moisture content.
Galvanic cell: The amount of water present can be determined based on the voltage the soil produces
because water acts as an electrolyte and produces electricity. The technology behind this concept is the
galvanic cell.
HUMIDITY SENSOR
Fig 4.9 DHT11 humidity sensor

Humidity is the measure of water vapour present in the air. The level of humidity in air affects various
physical, chemical and biological processes. In industrial applications, humidity can affect the
business cost of the products, health and safety of the employees. So, in semiconductor industries and
control system industries measurement of humidity is very important. Humidity measurement
determines the amount of moisture present in the gas that can be a mixture of water vapour, nitrogen,
argon or pure gas etc… Humidity sensors are of two types based on their measurement units. They
are a relative humidity sensor and Absolute humidity sensor. DHT11 is a digital temperature and
humidity sensor.
DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be easily
interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure humidity.
DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as a module. The difference
between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor and a power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative
humidity sensor. To measure the surrounding air this sensor uses a thermistor and a capacitive
humidity sensor.
Working Principle of DHT11 Sensor
DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding substrate as a
dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the change in humidity levels.
The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and change them into digital form.
For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient thermistor, which
causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature. To get larger resistance value
even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is usually made up of semiconductor ceramics
or polymers.
The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a 2-degree accuracy. Humidity
range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling rate of this sensor is 1Hz .i.e. it
gives one reading for every second. DHT11 is small in size with operating voltage from 3 to 5 volts.
The maximum current used while measuring is 2.5mA.

DHT11 sensor has four pins- VCC, GND, Data Pin and a not connected pin. A pull-up resistor of 5k to
10k ohms is provided for communication between sensor and micro-controller.
Applications
This sensor is used in various applications such as measuring humidity and temperature values in
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Weather stations also use these sensors to predict
weather conditions. The humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes where people are
affected by humidity. Offices, cars, museums, greenhouses and industries use this sensor for
measuring humidity values and as a safety measure.
4.2 SOFTWARE DETAILS
PYTHON
Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was initially designed
by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and developed by Python Software Foundation. It was mainly
developed for emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in
fewer lines of code. Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate
systems more efficiently. It supports Object Oriented programming approach to develop applications.
It is simple and easy to learn and provides lots of high-level data structures. Python is easy to learn yet
powerful and versatile scripting language, which makes it attractive for Application Development.
Python's syntax and dynamic typing with its interpreted nature make it an ideal language for scripting
and rapid application development. Python supports multiple programming pattern, including
object-oriented, imperative, and functional or procedural programming styles. Python is not intended
to work in a particular area, such as web programming. That is why it is known as multipurpose
programming language because it can be used with web, enterprise, 3D CAD, etc. We don't need to use
data types to declare variable because it is dynamically typed so we can write a=10 to assign an integer
value in an integer variable. Python makes the development and debugging fast because there is no
compilation step included in Python development, and edit-test-debug cycle is very fast.

PYTHON FEATURES:
1. Easy to code:
Python is high level programming language. Python is very easy to learn language as compared to
other language like c, c#, python script, python etc. It is very easy to code in python language and
anybody can learn python basic in few hours or days. It is also developer-friendly language.
2. Free and Open Source:
Python language is freely available at official website and you can download it from the given
download link below click on the Download Python keyword.
Download Python
Since, it is open-source, this means that source code is also available to the public. So you can
download it as, use it as well as share it.
3. Object-Oriented Language:
One of the key features of python is Object-Oriented programming. Python supports object oriented
language and concepts of classes, objects encapsulation etc.
4. GUI Programming Support:
Graphical Users interfaces can be made using a module such as PyQt5, PyQt4, wxPython or Tk in
python.
PyQt5 is the most popular option for creating graphical apps with Python.
5. High-Level Language:
Python is a high-level language. When we write programs in python, we do not need to remember the
system architecture, nor do we need to manage the memory.

6. Extensible feature:
Python is a Extensible language. we can write our some python code into c or c++ language and also
we can compile that code in c/c++ language.
7. Python is Portable language:
Python language is also a portable language.for example, if we have python code for windows and if
we want to run this code on other platform such as Linux, Unix and Mac then we do not need to
change it, we can run this code on any platform.
8. Python is Integrated language:
Python is also an Integrated language because we can easily integrated python with other language like
c, c++ etc.
9. Interpreted Language:
Python is an Interpreted Language. because python code is executed line by line at a time. like other
language c, c++, python etc there is no need to compile python code this makes it easier to debug our
code. The source code of python is converted into an immediate form called bytecode.
10. Large Standard Library:
Python has a large standard library which provides rich set of module and functions so you do not have
to write your own code for every single thing. There are many libraries present in python for such as
regular expressions, unit-testing, web browsers etc.
11. Dynamically Typed Language:
Python is dynamically-typed language. That means the type (for example- int, double, long etc) for a
variable is decided at run time not in advance. because of this feature we don’t need to specify the type
of variable.

Raspian OS
Raspian OS is one of the official Operating systems available for free to download and use. The
system is based on Debian Linux and is optimized to work efficiently with the Raspberry Pi computer.
As we already know an OS is a set of basic programs and utilities that runs on a specified hardware, in
this case the Pi. Debian is very lightweight and makes a great choice for the Pi. The Raspbian includes
tools for browsing, python programming and a GUI desktop.
The Raspian desktop environment is known as the “Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment” or in
short LXDE. This has a fairly attractive user interface that is built using the X Window System
software and is a familiar point and click interface. We shall look more into how to install and use this
OS in the next section.
Setting Up Raspian OS:
Let’s first connect the board with all the necessary accessories to install and run an operating system.
Step 1: Take the Pi out of its anti static cover and place it on the non-metal table.
Step 2: Connect the display – Connect the HDMI cable to the HDMI port on the Pi and the other end
of the HDMI cable to the HDMI port of the TV.
Step 3: Connect your Ethernet cable from the Router to the Ethernet port on the Pi
Step 4: Connect your USB mouse to one of the USB ports on the Pi
Step 5: Connect your USB Keyboard to the other USB port on the Pi
Step 6: Connect the micro USB charger to the Pi but don’t connect it to the power supply yet
Step 7: Flash the SD Card with the Raspian OS.
1. To prepare the car for use with the Pi we will need to put a OS on the card. We certainly cannot drag
and drop the OS files on to the card but the flashing the card is not too difficult either.

2. Since we have already decided to install Raspbian, lets download the RASPBIAN image from the
following link. http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/.
3. Unzip the contents of the Zip file into a folder on your machine, one of the unzipped files would be a
.img file which is what needs to be flashed on to the SD card.[In case there are more than one file, the
current version of the zip has only this file and none other]
4. Flashing from Linux instructions.
o Start the terminal on your Linux OS
o Insert the empty SD Card into the card reader of your machine.
o Type sudofdisk -l to see all the disks listed. Find the SD card by its size,and note the
device address (/dev/sdX, where X is a letter identifying the storage device. Some
systems with integrated SDcard readers may use /dev/mmcblkX— format, just change
the target in the following instructions accordingly).
o Use cd to change to the directory with the .img file you extracted from the Zip archive.
5. Type sudo dd if=imagefilename.img of=/dev/sdX bs=2M to write the file imagefilename.img to
the SDcard connected to the device address. Replace imagefilename.img with the actual name
of the file extracted from the Zip archive. This step takes a while, so be patient! During
flashing, nothing will be shown on the screen until the process is fully complete.
6. Flashing from Windows Instructions
BLYNK APP
Blynk is a toolset for all makers, badass inventors, designers, teachers, nerds and geeks who would
love to use their smartphones to control electronics like Arduino, RaspberryPi and similar ones. We’ve
done all the hard work of establishing internet connection, building an app and writing hardware code.

With Blynk, you simply snap together an amazing interface from various widgets we provide, upload
the example code to your hardware and enjoy seeing first results in under 5 minutes! It works perfectly
for newbie makers and saves tons of time for evil geniuses.

Blynk will work with all popular boards and shields. We wanted to give you full freedom when
deciding how to plug Blynk into your existing or new project. You will also enjoy the convenience of
Blynk Cloud. Which is, by the way is free and open-source.

Imagine a prototyping board on your smartphone where you drag and drop buttons, sliders, displays,
graphs and other functional widgets. And in a matter of minutes these widgets can control Arduino and
get data from it.
Blynk is not an app that works only with a particular shield. Instead, it's been designed to support the
boards and shields you are already using. And it works on iOs and Android.
UPD: Blynk also works over USB. This means you can tinker with the app by connecting it to your
laptop or desktop while waiting for some internet shield to arrive.
Blynk works over the Internet. So the one and only requirement is that your hardware can talk to the
Internet.
No matter what type of connection you choose - Ethernet, Wi-Fi or maybe this new ESP8266 everyone
is talking about – Blynk libraries and example sketches will get you online, connect to Blynk Server
and pair up with your smartphone.
Fig 4.10 Blynk architecture

Currently, Blynk libraries work with:
● USB
● Ethernet shield
● WiFi shield
● Arduino with Ethernet
● Arduino YÚN (testing in progress)
● ESP8266
● Raspberry Pi (Blynk will communicate with Pi's GPIOs)
● more Arduino compatible shields and boards (this list will be updated as we test the
compatibility)
It's not that easy to take Arduino out of your home network, so we've built a Blynk server. It handles
all the authentication and communication, and also keeps an eye on your board while the smartphone
is offline. Blynk server runs on Java and is open-source. You will be able to run it locally if you really
need to. Messaging between mobile apps , Blynk Server and Arduino is based on a simple, lightweight
and fast binary protocol over TCP/IP sockets.

DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
Fig 4.11 Architecture flow of IOT part

CREATING A PROJECT IN BLYNK APP
After downloading the app, create an account and log in. Welcome to Blynk!
Fig 4.12 Create page
You’ll also need to install the Blynk Arduino Library, which helps generate the firmware running on
your ESP8266. Download the latest release from Blynk’s GitHub repo, and follow along with the
directions there to install the required libraries.
Create a Blynk Project
Next, click the “Create New Project” in the app to create a new Blynk app. Give it any name you
please, just make sure the “Hardware Model” is set to ESP8266.

Fig 4.13 Blynk app project setting
The Auth Token is very important – you’ll need to stick it into your ESP8266’s firmware. For now,
copy it down or use the “E-mail” button to send it to yourself.
Add Widgets to the Project
Then you’ll be presented with a blank new project. To open the widget box, click in the project
window to open.

Fig 4.14 Blynk app widgets
Add a Button, then click on it to change its settings. Buttons can toggle outputs on the ESP8266. Set
the button’s output to gp5, which is tied to an LED on the Thing Dev Board. You may also want to
change the action to “Switch.”

Fig 4.15 Blynk app button settings
Upload the Blynk Firmware
Now that your Blynk project is set up, open Arduino and navigate to the ESP8266_Standalone
example in the File>Examples>Blynk>BoardsAndShields menu.

Fig 4.16 Uploading blynk app firmware
Before uploading, make sure to paste your authoriazation token into the auth[] variable. Also make
sure to load your WiFi network settings into the Blynk.begin(auth, "ssid", "pass") function.
Then upload!
Run the Project
After the app has uploaded, open the serial monitor, setting the baud rate to 9600. Wait for the “Ready
(ping: xms).” message.

Fig 4.16 Running arduino app
Then click the “Run” button in the top right corner of the Blynk app. Press the button and watch the
LED!
Fig 4.17 Running Blynk app

Then add more widgets to the project. They should immediately work on the ESP8266 without
uploading any new firmware.
Fig 4.18 Analog output sliders
You can add analog output sliders, digital input monitors, and analog input gauges.

CONCLUSION
The Infant Care Assistant is able to collect essential information about the infant and its surroundings
through sensors, process this information to determine the state of the infant through audio and image
processing and soothe the crying infant by automatically rocking the cradle, playing music or
regulating the room temperature. The Infant Care Assistant is able to successfully assist busy parents
in taking care of their infants. Furthermore, the system is able to store important data and raise alerts.
Finally, it is made user friendly and interactive by the incorporation of a GUI.

FUTURE SCOPE
The proposed system monitors whether the baby is sleeping or not and also checks the room’s
condition is favorable for baby or not. It can be enhanced by adding baby’s health monitoring. Parents
can also check their babies from another room at home. For short range communication they can use
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies.

REFERENCES
[1] Shulong Wang, Yibin Hou, Fang Gao, and Xinrong Ji, "A Novel IoT Access Architecture for
Vehicle," IEEE, pp. 4130-5090, 2016.
[2] John Stankovic, "Research Directions for the Internet of Things," IEEE, p. 4, 2014.
[3] Hosub Lee and Alfred Kobsa, "Understanding User Privacy," IEEE, pp. 407-412, 2016.
[4] Saad Chakkor, Cheikh El Ahmadi, Mostafa Baghouri, and Abderrahmane Hajraoui, "Efficiency
Evaluation Metrics for Wireless," Efficiency Evaluation Metrics for Wireless Intelligent Sensors
Applications, 2012.
[5] Nazia Hassan, Humayun Rashid, Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed, and Sharif Muhammad Taslim Reza,
"Design and Development of a Smart Baby Monitoring System based on Raspberry Pi and Pi
Camera," IEEE, September 2017.
[6] Mrudula Borkar, Neha Kenkre, Harshada Patke, and Ankita Gupta, "An Innovative Approach for
Infant Monitoring System using Pulse Rate and Oxygen Level ," International Journal of Computer
Applications, pp. 0975 – 8887, February 2017





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Infant Care Assistant (Smart Cradle)

Department of CS&E, PESCE, Mandya 2021-2022 Page 1

IOT (Internet of things):

1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

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1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM

1.6 PROPOSED SYSTEM

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1.7 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

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A. Automatic E-baby Cradle Swing based on Baby Cry

B. Baby cry detection in domestic environment using deep learning

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C. Image processing techniques to recognize Facial Emotions

D. An emotion Recognition Model Based on Facial Recognition in Virtual Learning

E. Image de-noising using fuzzy and wiener filter in wavelet domain

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

A System Requirements Specification (SRS) (also known as a Software Requirements

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3.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig 4.1 System Architecture

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by

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fig 4.2 Raspberry PI module

The Raspberry Pi Models

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work in all cases

⮚ 14 more GPIO pins

⮚ EEPROM readout support for the new HAT expansion boards

⮚ Ethernet LEDs moved to the Ethernet connector ϖ 4 squarely-positioned mounting

holes for more rigid attachment to cases

Programming the Raspberry Pi

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Raspberry Pi Operating Systems

Fig 4.3 Raspberry PI architecture

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● 5MP colour camera module without microphone for Raspberry Pi

Fig 4.4 PI camera

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Fig 4.5 orking of Relay

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Fig 4.6 Picture of Relay

• Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.

• Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.

• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).

• Relays can switch many contacts at once.

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Fig 4.7 Picture of DC Motor

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If external mechanical power is applied to a DC motor it acts as a DC generator, a dynamo. This

Fig 4.8 Picture of Moisture sensor

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Fig 4.9 DHT11 humidity sensor

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Working Principle of DHT11 Sensor