Fractions h

Learning öbjectives
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to
represent a part of a whole or a collection as a fraction.
explain numerator and denominator in a fraction.
compare two fractions with the same denominator.
add and subtract fractions with the same denominator.

Warm Up

Maths Lab Actvity 1

Materials required: Pieces of rectangular paper
Learning outcome: Children will be able to fold paper to divide it
into two equal parts.
Method: Take a piece of rectangular paper.

Fold the paper in one of the corners like this:

to be
Tear off the extra bit of paper and open out *-----|
torn off
the folded part. You get a square like this:
Are the two parts along the fold equal?
.- - - - - .
Can
Take morepieces of rectangular paper.
in
you divide the paper into equal parts
other ways? Here are some other ways.

Are these divided into equal parts?

Tick the ones where the parts are equal.
 Half
When something is divided into two equal parts, each part is called a half,
It is written
asand
read as 'one by two'.
When your mother cuts an apple into two, she divides
it into two equal
parts.
Think!
How can you divide this How can you divide this paper
circle into two halves? strip into two halves?

Can you do this in more than one way?

Exercise 8.1: Shade half of the following figures.
1) 2) 3) A)
--*-*********

Quarter

Maths Lab Actvity2

Fold a square paper to get a triangle like this.

Fold it again along the longest side so that the corners meet.
Open out the folds. Do you get a square like this?

Count the number of parts. Are they equal?

a square with four equal parts.

You now have
quarter or one-fourth of the hol e.
Each part is called
a

as and read as 'one by four

It is written

or
be or
A quarter can

112
 divide something into four equal parts, each one-fourth

part is
ofthe whole.

take 2 or 3 parts?
uhat if we
Simple! We get two-fourths or three-fourths.

DHoO
two-fourths or three-fourths or

Exercise 8.2
Look at the pictures below. Write the part shaded in words and figures.
2 3 A) 5)

half

One-eighth
Maths Lab Actvity 3
Earlier you folded your square paper twice to get a triangle.
Now fold the triangle into an even smallertriangle.

Open out the folds. Your square should look like this:

As
E Square has eight parts, each part is one-eighth or
IS read as 'one by eight.
eghths is two parts out of eight or

Three-eighth is - parts out ofeight or

Four-eighths is - parts out ofeight or

113
 Exercise 8.3
Write down what part is
shaded.

or
or or or

5 ) 8)

or or -or or

Some other fractions

Can you tell how much of the circle is shaded?
Since one out of three equal parts have been shaded,
it is one-third or.
Here are some more one-thirds.

Look at this figure:

How many equal parts does it have?.

are shaded?-
How many parts
is
equal parts and part shaded,
1
It has 6

So one-sixth oris shaded.

114
 the
Following the same pattern, when we divide something into five equal parts:

each
part is one-fifth or

make or two-ifths,
2 parts

3parts make or three-fifths,

and so on.

Suppose, we divide a whole into 7 equal parts.

How much would one part be? One-seventh or

Howmuch would two parts be?. or

Similarly, one part out of 9 equal parts of a whole make

one-ninth or. Two parts make.

Numerator and denominator

4
a fraction. It is read as 4 by 11.
t tells us that the whole is divided into 11 equal parts, and out of
these, 4 are taken.

4ISthe numerator of the fraction.

tis the number of parts taken.
4
IS the denominator of the fraction..
It is
-11
S the num
number of equal parts into which the whole is divided.

Exercise 8.4
A.
Read the fractions. Write them in words.

2 3) 4) 5) )3
10) 11) s
8) 9)
10. 12)
 B. Write the numerator, denominator and the fraction for the
coloured
part in each.

1) 2) 3)

Numerator
Denominator
Fraction

C. Fill in the blanks with 'N' for numerator and D' for
A
denominator.
In7is the 2) In17isthe
17 3) Inlisthe
4) In4 is the 5) In13 is the-
30 6) In 17 is the.
7)
In, 5isthe- 8) In,51
51 is the 9) In, 13 is the
Exercise 8.5
A. Write what fraction of the whole is shaded.
1) 2)
4)

6) 7)

11
 10) 11) 12)

B. Colour a part of each whole to represent the given fraction.

A
2 3)

5 6)

9)

L17
 1.1) 12)

T6
13)
14)

5 16)

Fractions on a given length

1)
A C
B
The length AB is divided into 4 equal parts. One part is shaded.

What fraction ofthe whole is shaded?

We can write

118
 A Y
X
w is divided
into 7 equal parts. Two parts are shaded.

What fraction
of the whole is shaded? 4
Wecanwrite
XY

Exercise 8.6

Wite the
fraction for the shaded part.

G FG
FA
A

LN
N M LM

DC
D
C EDE

P B

A X

19
 Thefraction wal
WHOLE 1

9
1
T T T T T
This wall has been laid with bricks such that the first row is one whole,
the second row has 2 bricks, the third has 3, and so on.
Fractions are written on the bricks. There are several interesting facts
that you can see here.

Two halves make a whole or 1.

Three one-thirds make a whole or 1.

1 Four one-fourths make a whole or 1.

and so on.

Also if you look at the vertical lines you will see

(but 3 2) (but 4>3!)

can see that:
So, you
Ac the denominator increases, the fraction becomes
smaller.
120
 comparison of fractions
at the figures. Ihey show
Look
fractions with same
Ich fractions
Such
are called like
fractions. denominator.
b)

The figures show that:

3
because 3 parts >l part
becausel part< 2 parts
Look at these figures.

Ou can see
that:

and

When the denominator is the same, the greater

the numerator the greater the fraction.

121
 Exercise 8.7
Compare the fractions and fill in the (with> or< or,
A. 1)

A)

B. 1)

A)

10)
12)
13) 14)
15)

16)
18) i
19) 20)
21) 10

2 O 24)

127
 ite the following fractionat numbers in the ascending order
1
4
10 2)

4)

6)

) 2
numbers in the descending order.
i t e the following fractional

-19

4)

6)

123
 Fractions of collections

aMaths Lab Actvity4

Take 8 counters.

Divide the collection into

two equal parts.

How many does each part have? 4

8=4
Therefore half of 8counters is 4 counters orof

Asimple way to find of 8 is to divide 8 by 2:

8+2=4

Example 1: Findof 12
Divide the collection of 12 balls
into three equal parts.
How many ballsin each part?.
So,of12=-
Also,of12 =12+3 =.

Example 2: Findof 20
Divide the collection of
20flowers into. parts.

Each part has. -flowers.

So,of20=
5.
Also,of20 =20
124
 Maths Leb Actvity 5
For the teacher: Let children do exercises of the following kind using concrete
objects, before doing them on paper.

Exercise 8.8
A. Find the answer by dividing the collection into suitable number of
equal parts.
2) 3)

of 6-
of 6 of 8
5) OOO

of 15= of 18= of 16=

5.
What fraction of the collection is shaded?

OOOO AAAA
AAA
OOOO AAAA
8888 5) 6)AA A A
AA
AA A A
AA A A

25
 C. Find the fraction by division.

1)of9 of 12 of 1 0 - o f15 o f18

4of =- 7 o f8= 3)of10 o f 16=- 10)of 12=|
Addition of like fractions

Mathe Lab Actvity 6

Take a square ruled sheet.
Mark 6 squares. Cut them out.
You now have a strip of 6 squares.
Showon the strip by colouring.
I n the same strip, showusing a different colour.

.Now count the total number ofsquares shaded.

There are 5 squares.

So,2

Example 1:Add and

This strip is divided into 7 equal parts.

The shaded parts areand

In all 5 parts are shaded. So,+

To add two fractions with

same
the numerators. The denominator, add
denominator remains the
same.

126
 sample2: 28 - Example 3:

OU can add three fractions with same denominator in the same way.

Sample 4: 24-
sample S: z-2211-

Exercise 8.9

A. Use the figures to add.

0.

8. Add

6
-

19
127
 18) 19) 20

21) 2 2 3 24) 3

25) 26 27) o 28)

Subtractionoflikefractions
Subtraction of fractions with the same denominator can be done in
the same way as addition.

Mathe Lab Actvity 7

Take a slab of chocolate or a fraction strip. Divide it into 5 equal parts.

Give two ofthe parts, that is, to one friend.

Three parts, that is remains.

Therefore,

3 give
From the remaining to another friend.

i s left.

Therefore,

12
Examples:

2
. 10 10

Exercise 8.10
A. Fill in the blanks.

3. 7

12)
12

8Subtract
9 5
2)70T0 4)

30

10)3 1 12)

19 10)

29
 27) 2 18)
19) 20)
21)- 22) 24)

Exercise 8.11: Story sums on fractions

1. Mohan got of a chocolate and Rita got.Who got more
chocolate?

2. Hari spentof his pocket money on Sunday andofhis pocket

money on Monday. On which day did he spend more?

3. My father gave meof a chocolate. Hegaveof

6
the chocolate
to my sister. Did we get equal portions of the chocolate?

4. Istudy in class 3. In my family there are 4 people-my parents,

me and my little sister. What fraction of my family are children?

5. 6 boys and 4 girls are playing in a park. What fraction of the

children playing are girls?

6. 20 children were playing in a park. One-fourth of them went

home at 7 o'clock. How many children went home?

in Rita's garden. She pickedofthem to

7. There were 15 flowers
flowers did she pick?
decorate her room. How many

of a book on Monday, and of the book on Tuesday.

8. Atul read
book did he read in the two days?
What fraction of the

9. Gaurav ot his homework on Saturday andon Sunday.

finished 12

Answer the following question.

aWhat fraction of the homework did Gaurav finish in the two days.
How much more homework did Gaurav do on Saturdav than

on Sunday.

130
 for
MATHLE
and
TICS A
concepts caleulation skills
1Write the fraction for the portion in colour.
b)

888
Write the fraction if numerator= 6, denominator =
9
Solve: a)of10= b)of21=
. Compare the fractions. Fill in the symbol <or> in the box.

,a) Write in ascending order 1410 10 35

10 10 10

)Write in descending order: 8

6. Add: a)2+
1.Subtract:a) iL
oina had of a chocolate. She gaveof the chocolate
13
o herlittle sister and to her little brother.

How much of the chocolate did Bina give away?

b) How muchof the chocolate is left with her?

Who got more chocolate-her sister or her brother?

How much more?

9, Mental Maths

What fraction is 3 out of 5 parts? b) What is half of 10?

How manyone-thirds make a whole?
)Ieat
eat 2 parts of a cake which is equally divided into 8 parts.
hat fraction of the cake did I eat?
fraction is not coloured?
of a shape is coloured. What
131
 . If
something is divided into 4 equal
a) Half parts, each part is called
b) Quarter a
c) One-eighth
2. A piece of d) One whole
paper is divided into 7
equal parts. 2 parts are taken. This is
written
a) b)
d)
as:

3.isequal to: a) Half b)Quarter c) One whole d) Two

4.is smaller than: a) b)
d) All of these
Higher order thinking
5. If you
addto itself, is the answer smaller than, equal
to or greater than 1?

6. If you addtois the answer smaller than, equal to

or greater than 1?

Cross curricular
7, Which fraction of the Indian flag is coloured green?

Project
8. Which is greater or? Find out by drawing
(Draw two equal circles on tracing paper. Divide them into the required number
of equal parts. Colourof
2 one andof the other. Compare the coloured parts
by putting them o n e on top of the other.)

Fun Activity
are 100 small squares.
9. There
red.
Colourofthe squares
Colour ofthe squares green.
Colour of the s q u a r e s yellow. H
squares are left?
How m a n y
a)
of the pattern is left?
What fraction
b)
132