ART, ELEMENTS AND

THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

P R O F. V I DA T O R R E S
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE S TUDENT S SHOULD BE ABLE:

▪ DI FFERENTIATE AN AR TIS T W I TH AR TISAN;

▪ IDENTIFY THE MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES USED BY ARTIST;

▪ EXPLAIN AND CITE EXAMPLES OF PERFORMANCE ART;

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BET WEEN AR TIS T S AND AR TISANS?

ARTIST
A N A R T I S T I S A P E RSON W HO I S E N G AGE D I N T HE ACT I V I T Y OF CRE AT I N G , P RACT ICIN G OR D E MON S T RAT IN G A R T, WORKI N G W I T H
V I SUA L T E CHN I Q UE S, SUCH A S COMP OSI T I ON , COLOUR, SPACE A N D P E RSP E CT I V E T O P ROD UCE T HE D E SI RE D E FFE CT. T HI S
C O U L D B E I N T H E F O R M O F I N S T A L L A T I O N S , S C U L P T U R E S , P A I N T I N G S , D R A W I N G S , P O T T E R Y, P E R F O R M A N C E S , D A N C E ,
P H O T O G R A P H Y, V I D E O , F I L M A N D A N Y O T H E R M E D I U M . A R T I S T S M A Y A L S O C O M B I N E A N U M B E R O F D I F F E R E N T M E D I U M S I N T O
THEIR WORK REFERRED TO AS MIXED MEDIA . AR TIS T S TEND TO CREATE TH EIR OWN PIECES FOR S ALE DIRECTLY TO THE PUBLIC
OR T HROUGH A N I N T E RME D I A RY SUCH A S A G A LLE RY OR A N AGE N T. A R T I S T S CA N A LSO BE COMMI SSI ON E D BY A CLI E N T,
G ALLERY OR ORG ANIZATION TO PRODUCE A PIECE OF WORK, AND MAY ALSO RUN AR T CLASSES OR BE INVOLVED WITH
COMMUNIT Y ART PROJECTS.
ARTISAN
A N A R T I S A N I S E S S E N T I A L LY A M A N U A L W O R K E R W H O M A K E S I T E M S W I T H H I S O R H E R H A N D S , A N D
W H O T H R O U G H E X P E R I E N C E A N D TA L E N T C A N C R E AT E T H I N G S O F G R E AT B E A U T Y A S W E L L A S B E I N G F U N C T I O N A L .

EXAMPLES: SMITHS (GOLDSMITHS, BLACKSMITHS, LOCKSMITHS, GUNSMITHS ) WEAVERS, CARPENTERS

 PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRE-PRODUCTION

· THE ARTIST ALWAYS BEGINS WITH AN IDEA THAT HE WANTS TO EXPRESS O R COMMUNICATE WITH HIS AUDIENCE. IT MAY NOT
BE NECESSARILY FULLY FORMULATED. EXPLORE EXPOSUR E, RESEARCH, AND OTHER APPROACHES TO G ATHER IDEAS
BEFORE ACTUALLY MAKING THE ART WORK.

· FRESCO MUS T BE DONE QUICKLY BECAUSE IT IS AN EXACTING MEDIU M.

· GATHERING AND SOURCING THE MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE CREATION OF THE ART WORK

P RODUCTION IS AT THE HEAR T OF MAKING AR T. AR TIS T S AND THEORIS T S HAVE LONG A CKNOWLEDGED
ITS IMPORTANCE AS BOTH AN ARTISTIC ACTION AND AN IDEA TO BE EXPLORED.

POST-PRODUCTION

ART WORK IS FINISHED, IT WILL THEN BE DECIDED ON HOW IT WILL BE C IRCULATED NOT ONLY IN THE ART WORLD,
BUT THE MANY PUBLICS. IF THE AR TIS T DECIDES THAT HE ALONE SHOUL D SEE THE WORK, THEN SO BE IT. BUT MOS T
OF THE TIME, IF NOT ALWAYS, THE CREATION OF THE OBJECT REQUIRES THAT IT BE SEEN, HEARD, TOUCHED,
AND/OR EXPERIENCED IN A VARIET Y OF WAYS. OFTEN, IT ENTERS INTO A NEW SPHERE, INSIDE THE DOMAIN OF MUSEUMS,
GALLERIES, PERFORMANCE HALLS, THEATERS, AND OTHER ART SPACES W HERE INTERACTION CAN TAKE PLACE.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE FOLLOWING FIGURES?

G ALLERY OWNER/MANAGER
A G ALLERY OWNER OR MANAGER CHOOSES AND PRESENT S ART FOR SALE. G A LLERIES MAY SPECIALIZE IN SPECIFIC AREAS. A
G ALLERY OWNER OR MANAGER’S RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDE MANAGING BOT H THE CREATIVE AND BUSINESS SIDES OF RUNNING
A N A R T G A L L E R Y, A S W E L L A S O R G A N I Z I N G A N D E X H I B I T I O N S , P R I V A T E S A L E S , A N D L O A N I N G O U T A R T .

ART AGENT
AN AR T AGENT REPRESENT S AN AR TIS T WORKING ON THEIR BEHALF TO PRO MO TE AND SELL THEIR WORK. THE ROLE INVOLVES
N E G O T I A T I N G I N D I V I D U A L S A L E S , C O M M I S S I O N S , A N D L I C E N S I N G D E A L S , A S W E L L A S O R G A N I Z I N G P U B L I C I T Y, A N D S E E K I N G
OPPORTUNITIES SUCH AS TEACHING AND WORKSHOPS.

C URATOR
A CURATOR IS IN CHARGE OF A COLLECTION OF EXHIBIT S IN A MUSEUM O R ART G ALLERY AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
ASSEMBLING, CATALOGING, MANAGING, PRESENTING, AND DISPLAYING AR T WORKS, CULTURAL COLLECTIONS, AND AR TIFACT S.

ART DEALER
A N A R T D E A LE R I S A P E RSON OR COMPA N Y T HAT BUYS A N D SE LLS WORKS O F A R T W I T H A I M OF MA KI N G A P ROFI T.
ART BUYER
AN ART BUYER IS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO DISCOVERS AND PURCHASE ART WORKS FOR A CLI ENT TO SUIT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
T HE I R TA S T E . BA SE D ON HI S P ROFE SSI ON A L KN OW LE D GE I N A R T, HE E VA L UAT E S T HE Q UA LI T Y A N D WOR T H OF T HE P I E CE OF A R T
WITH MONETARY SUITABILIT Y.

ART COLLECTOR
A P E RSON W HO COLLE CT S WORKS OF A R T.

A PRIVATE COLLECTION
IS A P RIVATELY OW NED COLLECT ION OF WORKS ( USUA LLY A R T WORKS) . IN A MUSEUM OR A R T-G A LLE RY CON T E XT, T HE T E RM
SIGNIFIES THAT A CERTAIN WORK IS NOT OWNED BY THAT INSTITUTION, BUT IS ON LOAN FROM AN INDIVIDUAL OR
ORG ANIZATION, EITHER FOR TEMPORARY EXHIBITION OR FOR THE LONG TE RM. THIS SOURCE IS USUALLY AN AR T COLLECTOR,
A LT HOUGH I T COULD A LSO BE A SCHOOL, CHURCH, BA N K, OR SOME O T HE R COMPA N Y OR ORG A N I ZATI ON . BY CON T RA S T,
COLLECTORS OF BOOKS, EVEN IF THEY COLLECT FOR AESTHETIC REASONS (FINE BOOKBINDINGS OR ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS
FOR EXAMPLE), ARE CALLED BIBLIOPHILES, AND THEIR COLLECTIONS ARE T YPICALLY REFERRED TO AS LIBRARIES.
WHAT ARE MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE?

A MEDIUM I S T H E M AT E R I A L U S E D B Y A N A R T I S T T O E X P R E S S H I S / H E R F E E L I N G S O R T H O U G H T S . T H E A R T I S T
M U S T L O V E , R E S P E C T, A N D U N D E R S TA N D H I S M E D I U M T O M A K E I T E A S I E R F O R H I M T O E X PA N D H I S K N O W L E D G E
AND IMPROVE HIS SKILL IN HIS CHOSEN AREA. THE ARTIST THINKS, FEE L AND GIVES SHAPE TO HIS VISION IN
TERMS OF HIS MEDIUM.

MEDIUM OF ARTS IS CLASSIFIED INTO :

A. VISUAL ARTS

B. AUDITORY ARTS

C. BOTH VISUAL AND AUDITORY

A. VISUAL ARTS – ARE THOSE MEDIUMS THAT CAN BE SEEN AND WHICH OCCUPY SPACE.

VISUAL ARTS ARE GROUPED INTO TWO CLASSES:

(2-Dimensional medium) (3-Dimensional medium)

Graphic Arts Plastic Arts

painting sculpture
drawing landscape architecture
printmaking urban planning
photography crafts like furniture
Includes art works in
three dimensional forms
representing natural or
abstract objects.
It involves the preparation of
designs of gardens and other
exterior grounds intended to
enhance the beauty of the
entire structure.
Design and arrangements of
architectural interiors for
convenience and beauty.
The art of creating images
with small pieces of colored
glass, stone or other
materials.
B. AUDITORY ARTS
A R E T H O S E W H O S E M E D I U M S T H AT C A N B E H E A R D A N D W H I C H A R E E X P R E S S E D I N T I M E .

EXAMPLE OF AUDITORY ART IS MUSIC, THE ART OF ARRANGING SOUNDS IN TIME

S O A S T O P RO D U C E A C O N T I N O U S , U N I F I E D A N D E VO C AT I V E C O M P O S I T I O N ,
A S T H RO U G H M E L O DY, H A R M O N Y, R H Y T H M , A N D T I M B R E .

C. BOTH VISUAL AND AUDITORY

A R E T H O S E W H O S E M E D I U M S C A N B E B O T H S E E N A N D H E A R D A N D W H I C H E X I S T I N B O T H S PAC E
AND TIME.
TECHNIQUE IS THE MANNER IN WHICH THE ARTIST CONTROLS HIS MEDIUM TO ACHIEV E THE DESIRED EFFECT
A N D T H E A B I L I T Y W H I C H F U L F I L L S T H E T E C H N I C A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S O F H I S PA R T I C U L A R W O R K O F A R T. A R T I S T S
DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN TECHNIQUE EVEN IF THEY USE THE SAME M EDIUM.

S O M E O F T H E T E C H N I Q U E S U S E D B Y T H E A R T I S T I N PA I N T I N G A R E A S F O L L O W S :

A. ENCAUSTIC
B. FRESCO
C. EGG TEMPERA
D. MOSAIC
E. OIL PAINT
F. W A T E R C O L O R
G. ACRYLIC
H. COLLAGE
I. DRAWING
J. PRINTMAKING
A . E N C A U S T I C - W A X C O L O R F I X E D W I T H H E AT U S E D I N
PORTRAITS.

EXAMPLE:
F AY U M M U M M Y P O R T R A I T
B . F R E S C O - M I X T U R E O F W AT E R A N D P I G M E N T A P P L I E D T O
W E T O R M O I S T P L A S T E R S U R F A C E A N D B E C A M E A PA R T O F
THE SURFACE.

EXAMPLE :
L A PA R I S I E N N E
B Y: F E L I X R E S S U R E C C I O N H I D A L G O 1 8 8 9
C. EGG TEMPERA- IN THIS METHOD, THE PIGMENT IS
MIXED WITH EGG YOLK OR BOTH THE YOLK AND
W H I T E O F A N E G G . I T I S T H I N N E D W I T H W AT E R A N D
APPLIED TO A GESSO GROUND (PLASTER MIXED WITH A
B I N D I N G O N A PA N E L .

EXAMPLE:
MADONNA AND CHILD BY DUCCIO, TEMPERA AND
GOLD ON WOOD, 1284, SIENA
D. MOSAIC - SMALL PIECES OF COLORED GLASS, STONE,
OR CERAMIC (CALLED TESSERAE) EMBEDDED IN WET
M O R TA R W H I C H H A S B E E N S P R E A D O V E R T H E S U R F A C E
T O B E D E C O R AT E D .

EXAMPLE:
5TH CENTURY MOSAIC IN THE TRIUMPHAL ARCH
O F S A N TA M A R I A M A G G I O R E , R O M E
E . O I L PA I N T - M O S T E X P E N S I V E P I G M E N T U S E D W I T H
L I N S E E D O I L A P P L I E D T O T H E C A N V A S , V E R Y G L O S S Y,
D R I E S S L O W LY B U T L A S T S L O N G .

EXAMPLE:
A N I TA M A G S AY S AY – H O
CHICKENS, OIL ON CANVAS, 1968
F. W A T E R C O L O R – P O W D E R E D P I G M E N T S A R E M I X E D W I T H
G U M – A R A B I C O R A S I M I L A R S U B S TA N C E T H AT W I L L
HELP THEM ADHERE TO A SURFACE. THE AR TIS T THEN
M I X E S T H E M W I T H W AT E R A N D A P P L I E S T H E M T O A
G R O U N D , U S U A L LY PA P E R , W I T H A S O F T B R U S H .

EXAMPLE : WINGS-ARTIST-JUN-MARTINEZ-
WATERCOLOR-PHILIPPINES
G. ACRYLIC – QUICK DRY SYNTHETIC OR PLASTIC MEDIUM
WITH EMULSION AS BINDER.

EXAMPLE:
F A Y E P A M I N T U A N , 24
H. COLLAGE – THE WORD “COLLAGE” COMES FROM THE
F R E N C H V E R B “ C O L L E R ” , M E A N I N G T O “ PA S T E ” . O R
IN THIS TECHNIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS, NEWS CLIPPINGS
O T H E R O B J E C T S A R E PA S T E D O N T H E PA I N T I N G
S U R F A C E A N D M AY B E C O M B I N E D W I T H PA I N T E D
AREAS.

EXAMPLE:
DINA GADIA
(MOST GIRLS 2009)
I. D R A W I N G – T H E M AT E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D S O F
DRAWING ARE THE MOST BASIC TOOLS OF THE ARTIST
A N D T H E D E S I G N E R . W O R K T H AT I S I N T E N D E D T O B E
E X E C U T E D I N A L M O S T A N Y M AT E R I A L PA I N T, S T O N E ,
S T E E L , O R F A B R I C – M AY F I R S T B E E N V I S I O N E D I N A
DRAWING.

V I S UA L A R T I S T A N D S C U L P TO R TOY M I M A O
C O N V E R T E D S O M E O F T H O S E H O S P I TA L B E D S
I N TO F L O W E R B E D S I N A N I N S TA L L AT I O N
C A L L E D “ W H I S P E R I N G F L O W E R B E D S ,” A T R I B U T E
TO T H E FA L L E N F R O N T L I N E R S I N T H E
PHIILIPPINES.
“WHISPERING FLOWER BEDS.” THE POLITICAL DIG MAY BE SUBTLE, SURROUNDED BY FLOWERS AND SUNLIGHT, BUT IT’S THERE. PHOTOS COURTESY OF IMAO.
 The term installation art is used to describe large-
scale, mixed-media constructions, often designed
for a specific place or for a temporary period of
time

the artist used assorted industrial materials like water hoses, an installation that he wanted to resemble the complexities of marine life.
S O M E O F T H E T E C H N I Q U E S U S E D B Y T H E A R T I S T I N PA I N T I N G A R E A S F O L L O W S :

J . P R I N T M A K I N G – A P R I N T I S A N Y T H I N G P R I N T E D O N A S U R F A C E T H AT I S D I R E C T R E S U L T F R O M T H E
D U P L I C AT I O N P R O C E S S . O R D I N A R I LY, PA I N T I N G O R G R A P H I C I M A G E D O N E I N B L A C K I N K O N W H I T E A P P E A R S
A N D B E C O M E S T H E A R T I S T ’ S P L AT E . A D V A N TA G E O F P R I N T M A K I N G I S T H E P R O C E S S O F M A K I N G C O P I E S O F
THE ORIGINAL DRAWING.

THE FIVE MAJOR T YPES OF PRINTS ARE:

1 . R E L I E F P R I N T S - A R E M A D E B Y R E M O V I N G M AT E R I A L F R O M T H E M AT R I X , T H E S U R F A C E T H E I M A G E H A S
B E E N C A R V E D I N T O , W H I C H I S O F T E N W O O D , L I N O L E U M , O R M E TA L . T H E R E M A I N I N G S U R F A C E I S C O V E R E D
W I T H I N K O R P I G M E N T, A N D T H E N T H E PA P E R I S P R E S S E D O N T O T H E S U R F A C E , P I C K I N G U P T H E I N K .
2 . I N TA G L I O P R I N T S – T H E Y A R E M A D E W H E N A D E S I G N I S S C R AT C H E D I N T O A M A T R I X , U S U A L LY A M E TA L
P L A T E . I N K I S W I P E D A C R O S S T H E S U R F A C E , A N D C O L L E C T S I N T H E S C R AT C H E S . E X C E S S I N K I S W I P E D O F F
A N D P A P E R I S P R E S S E D O N T O T H E P L AT E , P I C K I N G U P T H E I N K F R O M T H E S C R A T C H E S . I N TA G L I O P R I N T S
MAY ALSO INCLUDE TEXTURES.
3 . S T E N C I L P R I N T S – T H E Y A R E M A D E B Y PA S S I N G I N K S T H R O U G H A P O R O U S F I N E M E S H M AT R I X .
4. WOODCUT – THIS KIND OF TECHNIQUE OF PRINTING DESIGNS FROM PLANKS OF WOOD INCISED PARALLEL
TO THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE WOOD’S GRAIN. IT IS ONE OF THE OLDE ST METHODS OF MAKING PRINTS
F R O M A R E L I E F S U R F A C E , H A V I N G B E E N U S E D I N C H I N A T O D E C O R AT E T E X T I L E S S I N C E T H E 5 T H C E N T U R Y.
5 . E N G R A V I N G – T H E D E S I G N I S C U T I N T O M E TA L W I T H A G R A V E R O R B U R I N . T H E B U R I N I S A S T E E L R O D W I T H A
S Q U A R E O R L O Z E N G E - S H A P E D S E C T I O N A N D A S L I G H T LY B E N T S H A N K . T H E C U T T I N G I S A C C O M P L I S H E D B Y
P U S H I N G T H E B U R I N I N T O T H E M E TA L P L AT E . T H E D E E P E R I T P E N E T R AT E S I N T O T H E M E TA L , T H E W I D E R T H E
L I N E ; V A R I AT I O N S I N D E P T H C R E AT E T H E S W E L L I N G TA P E R I N G C H A R A C T E R O F T H E E N G R A V E D L I N E .
 TWO MAJOR AWARDS

ORDER NG PAMBANSANG ALAG AD NG SINING GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN

(ORDER OF N ATION AL AR TIS T S) (NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD)
THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN AWARD (GAMABA)

GAMABA IS AN AWARD THAT ACKNOWLEDGES FOLK AND INDIGENOUS ARTISTS WHO, DESPITE MODERN TIMES,
REMAIN TRUE TO THEIR TRADITIONS. IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS (NCCA)
THROUGH GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN COMMITTEE.

GAMABA BEGAN AS A PROJECT OF THE PHILIPPINE ROTARY CLUB OF MAKATI –AYALA, INC.
IN 1992 , IT WAS ADOPTED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONALIZED THROUGH R.A. 7335.
THIS AWARD AIMS TO SUPPORT AND MOTIVATE THESE ARTISTS TO PRESERVE THEIR ARTISTIC
HERITAGE FOR THE PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS. THESE ARTISTS ARE ALSO RECOGNIZED
AS THE COUNTRY’S NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES.

AWARDS AND INCENTIVES

THE AWARDEE RECEIVES A SPECIALLY DESIGNED MEDALLION/PLAQUE, WITH A DUPLICATE SET THAT SHOULD
BE DONATED AND DISPLAYED TO A PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OR THE LARGEST CULTURAL CENTER IN THE AWARDEE’S COMMUNITY.

THE AWARDEE IS GIVEN AN INITIAL GRANT OF PHP 100,000.00 AND A PHP 14,000.00 LIFETIME STIPEND PER MONTH.

THE AWARDEE IS GRANTED A MAXIMUM CUMULATIVE AMOUNT OF PHP 750,000.00 IN MEDICAL AND HOSPITALIZATION BENEFITS
AS WELL AS FUNERAL ASSISTANCE SIMILAR TO E RECEIVED BY THE NATIONAL ARTISTS.
THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN AWARD (GAMABA (CONTINUATION)

FOLK ARCHITECTURE
MARITIME TRANSPORT
WEAVING
CARVING
PERFORMING ARTS
LITERATURE
GRAPHIC AND PLATSIC ARTTS
ORNAMENT, TEXTLLE OR FIBER ART
POTTERY AND OTHER ARTISTIC EXPERIENCE OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Hereunder are some of the Gamaba awardees and their work of art:

1 . DA R H ATA S AWA B I – A TA U S U G W E A V E R
O F P I S S YA B I T, T H E T R A D I T I O N A L C L O T H TA P E S T R Y
WORN AS HEAD COVER.
2 . E D U A R D O M U T U C – A N A R T I S T F R O M A PA L I T,
P A M P A N G A W H O H A S D E D I C AT E D H I S L I F E T O
C R E AT I N G R E L I G I O U S A N D S E C U L A R A R T I N
S I LV E R , B R O N Z E , A N D W O O D ;
3. HAJA AMINA APPI – RECOGNIZED AS MASTER
MAT WEAVER AMONG THE SAMA INDIGENOUS
COMMUNIT Y FOR HER UNIQUE DESIGNS, STRAIGHTNESS
O F H E R E D G I N G ( TA B I G ) , A N D F I N E N E S S O F H E R S A S A
AND KIMA-KIMA.
4 . A L O N Z O S AC L AG – A K A L I N G A M A S T E R O F D A N C E A N D
T H E P E R F O R M I N G A R T S W H O M A S T E R E D N O T O N LY T H E
KALING A MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS BUT ALSO HIS DANCE
P A T T E R N S A N D M O V E M E N T S A S S O C I AT E D W I T H H I S
PEOPLES’ RITUAL.
5 . F E D E R I C O C A B A L L E RO – A S U L O D B U K I D N O N E P I C
C H A N T E R F R O M K A L I N O G , I L O I L O W H O C E A S E L E S S LY
W O R K S F O R T H E D O C U M E N TAT I O N O F T H E O R A L
L I T E R A T U R E , PA R T I C U L A R LY T H E E P I C S O F H I S P E O P L E ;
6 . U WA N G A H A DA S – A YA K A N M U S I C I A N W H O I S
M A S T E R O F T H E K W I N TA N G A N , K AY U , A N D
TUNTUNGAN INSTRUMENTS,
7. L A N G D U L AY – A T ’ B O L I T R A D I T I O N A L W E A V E R O F
T’NALAK OR T’BOLI CLOTH MADE OF COLORFUL
ABACA FABRICS;
8 . S A L I N TA M O N O N – A TA G B A N U A B A G O B O T R A D I T I O N A L
WEAVER OF DIS TINCT ABACA FABRICS CALLED INABAL;
9 . G I N AW B I L O G – I S A H A N U N U O M A N G YA N P O E T W H O I S
CONSIDERED AS A MASTER OF AMBAHAN POETRY;
10 . M A S I N O I N TA R AY – A P R O L I F I C A N D P R E - E M I N E N T
EPIC CHANTER AND S TORY-TELLER RECOGNIZED FOR
H I S O U T S TA N D I N G M A S T E R Y O F V A R I O U S T R A D I T I O N A L
M U S I C A L I N S T R U M E N T S O F T H E PA L A W A N P E O P L E
SUCH AS BASAL, KULILAL, AND BAGIL.
P E R F O R M A N C E A R T - I S A N I N T E R D I S C I P L I N A R Y A R T F O R M T H AT B R I N G S T O G E T H E R E L E M E N T S
O F T I M E , S PAC E , BO D I E S , A N D AU D I E N C E S .

THE MAJOR T YPES OF PERFORMING AR TS INCLUDE MUSIC, OPERA , DANCE, DRAMA , AND SPOKEN WORDS.

1. MUSIC IS AN ART FORM IN WHICH THE MEDIUM IS SOUND ORGANIZED IN TIME. T HE WORD IS DERIVED
F R O M T H E G R E E K W O R D M O U S I K E , W H I C H M E A N S T H E ( A R T ) O F T H E M U S E S . T O M A N Y, M U S I C I N P R A Y I N G
BEFORE GOD, THE EXPRESSING POSITIVE EMOTIONS AND AFFECTIONS .

2. OPERA IS A FORM OF PERFORMING ARTS WHEREIN MUSICIANS AND SINGERS PERFO RM A DRAMATIC WORK THAT COMBINES
T E XT, W HI CH I S CA LLE D LI BRE T T O A N D MUSI CA L SCORE . T HI S FORM OF A R T I S A P OP ULA R PAR T OF T HE W E S T E RN CLA SSI CA L
MUSIC TRA DITION. THE P ERFORMA NCE IN A N OP ERA IS USUA LLY DON E IN A N OP ERA HOUSE. IT IS A LSO ACCOMPANIED BY
E I T H E R A M U S I C A L E N S E M B L E O R A N O R C H E S T R A . O P E R A O R I G I N AT E D I N I TA LY I N T H E 16 TH C E N T U R Y A N D I T S O O N S P R E A D
T O T H E R E S T O F E U R O P E A S I T G A I N E D P O P U L A R I T Y.

3 . D A N C E I S A F O R M O F P E R F O R M I N G A R T S T H AT R E F E R S T O T H E A R T O F M O V I N G T H E B O D Y R H Y T H M I C A L LY
A N D U S U A L LY I N A C C O R D A N C E T O M U S I C . I T I S U S E D A S A F O R M O F S O C I A L I N T E R A C T I O N A N D E X P R E S S I O N ,
O R I T I S C O M M O N LY P R E S E N T E D I N A P E R F O R M A N C E O R S P I R I T U A L S E T T I N G .
4. DRAMA REFERS T O A MODE OF FI CT I ON REP RESENT ED I N A P ERFORMA NCE. T HE WO RD “ DRA MA” ORI GI N AT ED FROM T HE
GREEK WORD “ DRAO” WHICH MEANS ACTION. DRAMAS ARE USUALLY EN ACTED BY ACTORS ON A S TAGE FOR AN AUDIENCE.
THE S TRUCTURE OF THE TEXT FOR DRAMAS IS USUALLY INFLUENCED BY COLLECTIVE RECEPTION AND COLLABORATIVE
PRODUCTION.

5 . S P O K E N W O R D I S O F T E N U S E D A S A N E N T E R TA I N M E N T O R M U S I C A L T E R M , R E F E R R I N G T O W O R K S T H A T A R E
I N T E N D E D T O B E P E R F O R M E D B Y A S I N G L E P E R S O N W H O W I L L S P E A K B Y H I M S E L F N A T U R A L LY.
TRANSCREATION refers to the process of adapting a message from one
language to another, while maintaining its intent, style, tone and context.

• Music to text

Example:

• Sergei Prokofiev’s “Romeo and Juliet, Op. 64” is one of the most popular music composed
by Shakespeare’s tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”.

• Giuseppe Verdi put the story of “The Lady of the Camellias” written by Alexandre Dumas
to music.

• Patrick Doyle’s “My Father’s Favorite” was composed from Jane Austen’s “Sense and Sensibility”.
Text to music

Example:

• The tale of “Sleeping Beauty” that was written by Charles Perrault is what prompted one of
Tchaikovsky’s most famous ballets- “Sleeping Beauty”
• “Swans Unveiling” is a dance choreograph by Ann Van Kuren that questions for the
swans’/women suspended existence in the “Swan Lake” tale.
• George Balanchine choreographed his own “Midsummer Night’s Dream” which was originally
written by Shakespeare.
Dance To Visual
Example:

• Susan Cutts’ “Who knows Where the Time Goes” is a sculpture of a ballerina’s dress and shoes made from
paper.
• Trisha Brown’s “Proscenium Works 1979-2011” is a dance-inspired art where Brown uses her performance as
the work, creating dance paintings with her body.
• “Ballet at the Paris Opera” is painting made by Edgar Degas which showcase Ballerinas performing on stage in
front of people.
ASSIGNMENT:

BRING OUT A BOND PAPER AND DRAW A BRIDGE USING A STRAIGHT LINE EITHER IT IS VERTICAL, DIAGONAL, OR HORIZONTAL.
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO USE CURVED LINES< USE ONLY A PENCIL OR PEN.

Deadline for Submission: February 25, 2023

REFERENCES :
HTTP://WWW.SHOKOPRESS.COM/THE -DIFFERENT-JOB-ROLES-IN- ART/
A R T A P P RE CIAT ION FOR COLLE GE S T UD E N T S, ROMA N O D . LE A N O E T. A L PAGE S 39 -66
HTTPS://WWW.YUNDLE.COM/TERMS -DEFINITIONS/A/AR T-BUYER
C O L L I N S E N G L I S H D I C T I O N A R Y. C O P Y R I G H T © H A R P E R C O L L I N S P U B L I S H E R S
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA .ORG/WIKI/PRIVATE_COLLECTION
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA .ORG/WIKI/ENCAUS TIC_PAINTING
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA .ORG/WIKI/LA_PARISIENNE_(HIDALGO_PAINTING)
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/TEMPERA
HTTPS://TL.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/MOSAIC
H T T P : / / A R T I S T . C O M / A R T - R E C O G N I T I O N - A N D - E D U C A T I O N / W P - C O N T E N T / T H E M E S / A R T I S T - B L O G / M E D I A - F I L E S / 2 0 1 5 / 11 / W I N G S -
AR TIST-JUN-MAR TINEZ-WATERCOLOR-PHILIPPINES.JPG
H T T P : / / W W W . A R T E S D E L A S F I L I P I N A S . C O M / A R C H I V E S / 11 0 / D I N A - G A D I A - S - A S S E M B L I N G - C O L L A G E - O F - C O N T E M P O R A R Y - A R T
HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/BLACKSMITH
H T T P S : / / W W W.C N CH .O RG / C NC HN E T / FA L L- 2 018 / P HI L I P P I N E - B A S K E T R Y /
H T T P S : / / P H I L S T A R L I F E . C O M / L I V I N G / 6 7 8 11 3 - A R T I S T - T O Y M - I M A O - W H I S P E R I N G - F L O W E R B E D S - P G H
PHOTO BY KLAUDIA PIASKOWSKA ON UNSPLASH
PHOTO BY DANNIE JING ON UNSPLASH
INTRODUCTION TO LETTERPRESS PRINTING HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=05RUA1SCXH0&T=7S
PRINTMAKINGPROCESS INTAGLIO HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SNKN4PORGBI
HOW TO SCREEN PRINT WITH S TENCILS HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=D -YA8B_LCGW
WOODCUT PROCESS HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=BAAR9UHSUA0
F R O M PA P E R T O C O P P E R : T H E E N G R AV E R ' S P R O C E S S ( 2 0 0 9 ) H T T P S : / / W W W.Y O U T U B E . C O M / WAT C H ? V = F Q V G H H S 1 5 H A
H T T P S : / / W W W.TAT E . O R G . U K / V I S I T/ TAT E - M O D E R N / TAT E - E X C H A N G E / A R T - P R O D U C T I O N
THANK YOU!