CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ.

1. Simple Sentences (câu đơn) 

Chỉ có 1 mệnh đề chính, nghĩa là có 1 chủ ngữ và 1 động từ. 
I am Tuyen.
Có thể chủ ngữ là 2 danh từ nối bằng 'and' hoặc có 2 động từ nối bằng 'and' nhưng vẫn là 1 câu đơn thôi
. 
S+V
SS + V
S VV
Ví dụ: 
I went to the supermarket yesterday. 
[Mary and Tom] are playing tennis. 
My brother [ate a sandwich and drank beer]. 
2. Compound Sentences (câu kép/ ghép) 
- Có 2 mệnh đề chính, nối nhau bằng liên từ (như and, but, so,
or...) và phải có dấu phẩy hoặc dấu chấm phẩy phía trước liên từ. 
Ví dụ: 
[His father is] a doctor, and/but [his mother is] a writer. 
We missed the bus, so we came to work late. 
 
- Nếu hai mệnh đề ngắn quá, có thể không dùng dấu phẩy. 
Ví dụ: 
I talked and he listened. 
Lưu
ý: trong tiếng Việt bạn có thể dùng dấu phẩy giữa hai mệnh đề chính nhưng trong tiếng Anh tuyệt đối kh
ông được mà phải sử dụng liên từ. 
3. Complex Sentences (câu phức) 
Đây là loại câu mà các bạn luyện thi IELTS cần phải quan tâm nhiều. 
- Có 1 mệnh đề chính (independent clause) và 1 hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (dependent
clause) (nhưng thường là 1 mệnh đề phụ).
Hai mệnh đề thường được nối với nhau bởi dấu phẩy hoặc các liên từ phụ thuộc. 
When I came, they were watching TV. 
We will go out if the rain stops. 
Một số liên từ phụ thuộc: 
After,although,as,as if,as long as,as much as,as soon as,as though 
Because,before 
Even if,even though, if 
In order to,in case, once
Since,so that, that, though 
Unless, until, when, whenever, whereas, where, wherever,while 
4. Compound-Complex Sentences (hoặc Mixed Sentences) (câu phức tổng hợp) 
Là câu có ít nhất 2 mệnh đề chính và ít nhất 1 mệnh đề phụ 
Ví dụ: 
Although I like camping, I haven’t had the time to go lately, and I haven’t found anyone to go with. 
 CÂU ĐƠN CÂU GHÉP CÂU PHỨC

Nối 2 mệnh đề chính (độc Nối 2 mệnh đề phụ thuộc

NỐI… X
lập)
SỐ LƯỢNG
1 2 =>2
CỤM [S V]

VD TỪ NỐI: BUT, AND, SO… ALTHOUGH, BECAUSE

I go to the supermarket. I want to buy a cake.

1. 1 câu ghép I go to supermarket and buy a cake
2. 1 câu phức if I go…. I will
3. 1 câu đơn I go to supermarket to buy

câu ghép: I go to the supermarket and I want to buy a cake.

câu phức: i go to the supermarket because I want to buy a cake.
MỘT câu đơn: I go to the supermarket and want to buy a cake.

I don’t have money but I love you.

I don’t have money. However, I love you.

conjunction adverbial

Vị trí đứng Giữa câu Đầu câu, sau . hoặc ;

Nối…. Nối 2 vế trong cùng MỘT CÂU Nối các ý trong các câu riêng biệt
 BỞI VÌ MẶC DÙ

+ MỆNH ĐỀ BECAUSE, SINCE, AS ALTHOUGH, THOUGH

+ CỤM DANH TỪ BECAUSE OF, DUE TO DESPITE, IN SPITE OF

I don’t have money but I love you.

I don’t have money. However I you love.
Clause: Noun + verb ( be + adj)

The cat is old

Noun phrase: adjective + Noun

The old cat

CỤM DANH TỪ
CÂU
(N OF N/ ADJ+N)

TH1: S1 = S2 Lấy V được chia  nguyên mẫu  thêm Ing

Although he liked cats, Despite his liking cats

TH2: S1 # S2 QUY TẮC DẤU X

Vế 1= IT BE ADJ:
Though it is cold, Despite the cold weather

Vế 1= N BE ADJ:
Though the result was bad, Despite the bad result,

Although he was sick, he went to school.

Although he liked cats, he …


==> despite his being sick/his sickness, he went to school.

Athough it was cold, he went to school.

despite being cold, he went to school.

despite the cold weather,……………….

Choose the correct answer 

1. I almost missed my flight ___________ there was a long queue in the duty-free shop. 
A. although mặc dù + mệnh đề
B. since bởi vì + mệnh đề
C. despite mặc dù + cụm danh từ
D. because of (bởi vì) + cụm danh từ
2. They decided not to go out for a meal _____________ they were too tired 
A. so 
B. because 
C. but 
D. if 
3. They were driving to Dallas _____________ they caught an accident. 
A. when 
B. while 
C. before 
D. as soon as
 
 
4. I want to be well-groomed ______other people think nice things about me. 
A. in order to + V0 
B. so as not to + V0 
C. so that + mệnh đề 
D. as soon as ngay khi
5. ___________I met the Gills, I had been gardening for nearly ten years. 
A. As soon as 
B. Although 
C. After 
D. Before 
6. In spite of his hard work, he could not finish the job. 
A. As hard as he work
B. Though he worked hard 
C. Despite he worked hard 
D. Although hard work 
7. ________ she was asleep, thieves broke in and stole her handbag. 
A. In order that 
B. Although 
C. Because of 
D. While 
8. All people should join hand in protecting the environment ___________ we can gain better health. 
A. in order that 
B. when 
C. because 
D. even though 
9. ____________ her poverty, she feels happy 
A. Although 
B. Because 
C. If 
D. In spite of 
10. Tony went to work although he didn’t feel very well. 
A. that he did not feel very well 
B. despite of the fact not feeling well 
C. because he did not feel very well 
D. despite not feeling very well 
Bài tập 2  
Rewrite the following sentences 
1. Hoa was born in Doc So craft village.She knows the process of making pottery. (BECAUSE) 

2. I was not enjoying the party. I wanted to leave early. (AS=because) 

3. I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday. Although I don’t know how to knit a scarf. (ALTHOUGH) 

4. The artisan moulded the cooper to make a bronze drum. (SO THAT)  

5. before You want to knit a hat for your friend, You should watch tutorials on YouTube. (BEFORE) 
__________________________________________________ 
6. while I was cleaning out my cupboards. I found these photos. (WHILE) 
__________________________________________________ 
7. I told the absolute truth. but No one would believe me ( BUT) 
__________________________________________________ 
8. I’m learning Japanese. I like learning Japanese. 
__________________________________________________ 
Bài tập 3  
Mark the letter a, b, c or d to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences 
1. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend. The train arrived. 
A. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend as soon as the train arrived. 
B. After the train arrived, Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend. 
C. The train arrived while Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend. 
D. Elizabeth was writing a note to her friend whenever the train arrived. 
2. The water is very cold in January. We go swimming anyway. 
A. When the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. 
B. As the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. 
C. The water is very cold in January if we go swimming anyway. 
D. Although the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. 
3. The water was very rough. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. 
A. Since the water was very rough, the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. 
B. The water was very rough so that the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. 
C. The water was very rough because the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave 
D. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water though the water was very rough. 
4. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning. Then he gets ready for work. 
A. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning after he gets ready for work. 
B. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning before he gets ready for work. 
C. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning as soon as he gets ready for work. 
D. Mike goes jogging two miles every morning when he gets ready for work. 
5. Ticket prices might be more expensive. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a
concert. 
A. Ticket prices might be more expensive then going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a
concert. 
B. Ticket prices might be more expensive that going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a
concert. 
C. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert since ticket prices might be more
expensive. 
D. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert although ticket prices might be
more expensive. 
6. We went to Dong Xuan Market. We flew back to Ho Chi Mirth City at 7pm. 
A. We went to Dong Xuan Market while we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm. 
B. Before we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm, we went to Dong Xuan Market. 
C. We went to Dong Xuan Market in order that we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm. 
D. As we went to Dong Xuan Market, we flew back to Ho Chi Minh City at 7pm. 
7. You need to plan your trip to South America carefully. You don’t spend all your money too quickly. 
A. You need to plan your trip to America carefully so that you don’t spend all your money too quickly. 
B. You need to plan your trip to America carefully although you don’t spend all your money too quickly. 
C. You need to plan your trip to America carefully as you don’t spend all your money too quickly. 
D. Even though you need to plan your trip to America carefully, you don’t spend all your money too
quickly. 
8. Richard is very wealthy. He can afford to buy almost anything he wants. 
A. Although Richard is very wealthy, he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. 
B. Richard is so wealthy that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. 
C. Richard is very wealthy so that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. 
D. Richard can afford to buy almost anything he wants, but he is very wealthy.