Q1.

Diagram 1 below shows the lungs and the trachea, the airway leading to the lungs. One of
the lungs is drawn in section.

diagram 1

(a)     In the wall of the trachea, there are pieces of a stiff material called cartilage.

          Why is this stiff material necessary in the wall of the trachea?

....to help the trachea do not collapse.........................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)     Diagram 2 below shows one alveolus and its blood supply.

diagram 2

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 (i)      Look at diagram 2, above.
Gas A enters the blood from the alveolus.
Gas B leaves the blood and enters the alveolus.
What are the names of gases A and B?

gas A  ..........oxygen...........................................

gas B  ........carbon dioxide.............................................

1 mark

(ii)     Give one reason why it is easy for gases to pass across the wall of an
alveolus.

.................because the wall is very thin..............................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)     The diagram below shows a ciliated cell from the lining of the airway.

                                  

(i)      What is the function of this cell in the airway?

This hair trap the dust and bacteria of to the back of the throw where it can be
swallow.......................................................................................................
......
1 mark

(ii)     This cell is affected by substances in cigarette smoke.

What effect does cigarette smoke have on the cilia?

.......sweeps the dust from the lung...................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii)     Give the name of the substance, in cigarette smoke, which causes addiction
to smoking.

.....nicotine........................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

Q2.
In the experiment shown below, metal and acid react together to make hydrogen gas.

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(a)     Look at the flask. How can you tell that a gas is being produced in this experiment?

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)     (i)      Hydrogen gas passes through the water and collects in the test-tube.
What does this tell you about hydrogen?
Tick the correct box.
 
It does not dissolve in the  
It dissolves in the
water.
water.

It is acidic. It is alkaline.

1 mark

(ii)     What happens to the level of the water in the test-tube as hydrogen is
produced?

............It will evaporate ............................................................

1 mark

(c)     Air contains the following gases:

 
nitrogen

oxygen

water vapour

carbon dioxide

          Choose from these gases to answer the questions below.

(i)      Which one of the four gases do we need to take into the blood in the lungs?

........oxygen...................................................
1 mark

(ii)     Which one of the four gases can produce droplets on a cold window?

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 ..........water vapour................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

Q3.
Russell put ground-up coffee beans in a coffee maker and added hot water.

 
 

He pushed the plunger down.

This separated the coffee drink from the ground-up coffee beans.

(a)     How could Russell see that some coffee had dissolved in the water?

...........the color of the water has change................................................................

1 mark

(b)     The end of the plunger is a circle of wire mesh.

(i)      Which mesh would be best to separate the coffee drink from all the ground-up
coffee beans? Write the letter.

..D.....................
1 mark

(ii)     This method of making coffee uses a type of filter.

The apparatus used for filtration in a school laboratory is drawn below.

Which part of the apparatus above works in the same way as the wire mesh?
Write the letter.

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 ...P....................
1 mark

(c)     Russell wanted to separate the water from the coffee drink.
He set up the apparatus shown below.

(i)      Why did Russell put ice cubes around the glass tube?

...to condense the water vapour

1 mark

(ii)     Choose words from the box below to fill the gaps in the following sentences.
 
              an acid               a gas                  a liquid            a solid

condensation           crystallisation           evaporation        filtration

Russell heats the water. Water in the drink changes from

.............a liquid............... into ........a gas................. .

This change of state is called .........evaporation............. .

Water vapour changes into liquid. This change of state is called

......condensation............. .
4 marks
maximum 8 marks

Q4.
Gary wanted to find out if some food colourings contained a banned food dye.

          He put a drop of each food colouring and the banned food dye onto some special
paper.
He hung the paper in a beaker of water.

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          After 10 minutes, the banned food dye and some of the dyes from the food colourings
had moved up the paper.
Gary’s results are shown below.

(a)     Gary wrote the labels on the paper in pencil.

Why should he not write them in ink?

..........because the ink will move up to the filter .............................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)     Look at Gary’s results.

The different dyes in some of the food colourings had moved up the paper.

(i)      Which food colouring contained the banned food dye?

.......Yellow...........................................

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 1 mark

(ii)     Which food colouring contained the most dyes?

..........Brown........................................
1 mark

(c)     Which food colouring did not dissolve in the water?

...............Red............................................
1 mark

(d)     Which method did Gary use to separate the dyes?

Tick the correct box.

chromatography                   distillation       

evaporation                             filtration       

1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q5.
Chris collected some sea water near a beach.
The sea water had salt dissolved in it. It had sand mixed in it.

(a)     Chris separated the sand from the salt water as shown below.

           

(i)      What is this method of separation called?

Tick the correct box.

chromatography                      distillation

filtration                                magnetism 

 

(ii)     What is substance A?

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 .....sand.................................................

(iii)     What is the part labelled B?

....filter paper..................................................
3 marks

(b)     Chris poured some of the salt water from the flask into a dish.
He put the dish on a balance and left it in a warm room for a week.

(i)      Look at the two readings on the balance.

         Work out the decrease in mass.

......100......... g

(ii)     After one week there was a white solid but no liquid in the dish.
What had happened to the water in the dish?

.....it evaporate.....................................................................................................

(iii)     What was the white solid left in the dish?

.....salt.................................................
3 marks
maximum 6 marks

Q6.
Zena has a model plane attached to a rod as shown below.
The plane is balanced by a sliding counterweight.

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not to scale

(a)     The rod is balanced horizontally.

(i)      Calculate the turning moment produced by the counterweight about the
pivot.
Give the unit.

.......100Ncm.......................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii)     What is the turning moment produced by the plane about the pivot?

.......100.........................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii)     Calculate the weight, W, of the plane.

.....10...........................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................N
1 mark

(b)     There is a solar cell on the surface of the model plane.

Zena connected the solar cell to the motor of the plane.
The plane moved in a circle around the pivot.

          Part of the path of the plane was in a shadow.

What happened to the speed of the plane as it moved from bright light
into low light in the shadow?

.....The plane will slow down...............................................

          Explain your answer.

.because the the solar cell is connected to the motor of the plane, so when it have
low light the plane will slow down
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

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Q7.
Jenny is doing her homework.

(a)     When Jenny writes, the pencil exerts a force of 5N on the paper.

not to scale

The area of the pencil in contact with the paper is 0.5 mm2.

Calculate the pressure of the pencil on the paper.

Give the unit.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b)     Jenny puts a book on her desk.

She lifts the cover up with her finger, using a force of 0.5 N.
The cover is 10 cm wide.

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 Calculate the turning moment on the cover of the book.
Give the unit.

...........5Ncm...........................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(c)     Jenny’s book has an area of 200 cm2.

It exerts a pressure of 0.05 N/cm2 on the desk.

What is the weight of the book?

Use the space below to show your working.
 
 

_______ N
2 marks
maximum 6 marks

Q8.
The drawing shows a boy with a bow and arrow. He is holding the arrow and pulling it
back.

(a)     Two horizontal forces act on the arrow. These are the force exerted by the
boy’s hand and the force exerted by the string. The arrow is not moving.

          The boy pulls the arrow with a force of 150 N. What is the size of the force exerted
by the string on the arrow?

...................... N
1 mark

(b)     When the boy lets go of the arrow, it starts to move forward.

          Explain why it starts to move.

there is nothing to balance the force of the string
1 mark

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 (c)     The arrow flies across a field and hits a target.

          Two forces act on the arrow while it is in the air. Air resistance acts in the opposite
direction to the movement, and gravity acts downwards. These two forces cannot
balance each other, even when they are the same size. Why is this?

......because they are not in opposite direction

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d)     The arrow has a sharp pointed end. When the arrow hits the target, the sharp point
exerts a very large pressure on the target.

          Why does a sharp pointed end exert a larger pressure than a blunt end?

...because it have a smaller surface.........................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

Q9.
Karen wants to pump up her car tyre.
Her pump has a piston with an area of 7 cm2.

Karen pushes the handle down with a force of 175 N.

(a)     What pressure does she exert on the air in the pump?

..............25.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... N/cm 2
1 mark

(b)     The air pressure in the tyre is 27 N/cm2.

What pressure would be needed in the pump in order to pump more air into the
tyre?

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 .larger area........................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)     Another of Karen’s car tyres exerts a pressure of 30 N/cm2 on the road. The area of
the tyre in contact with the road is 95 cm2
What is the force exerted by the tyre on the road?

......................................................2850........................................................... N
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks

Q10.
The graph shows how the speed of a 0.1 kg mass changes as it falls.

(a)     Read from the graph the speed of the mass at 0.4 s and 0.8 s.
Use your results to work out the average speed of the mass between
0 and 0.4 s and then between 0 and 0.8 s. Give the units.

(i)      final speed at 0.4 s = ............................

average speed between 0 and 0.4 s = ...................................

1 mark

(ii)     final speed at 0.8 s = ............................

average speed between 0 and 0.8 s = ...................................

1 mark

(b)     Using the average speeds calculated in (a), work out how far the mass falls in:

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 (i)      0.4 s

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)     0.8 s

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)     Complete the sentence:

          If the mass falls for double the time, it will fall .............................................

          times as far

1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

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Mark schemes

Q1.
(a)     any one from

•    to prevent it collapsing

accept ‘protects against collapse’

•    to keep it open

‘for protection’ is insufficient

•    for support

accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
1 (L5)

(b)     (i)      A: oxygen

accept ‘O2’

         B: carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)

(ii)     any one from

•    it is thin

•    it is one cell thick

•    it is close to the blood supply

accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
1 (L6)

(c)     (i)      any one from

•    it moves mucus

accept ‘it moves bacteria’

•    it sweeps dust from lungs

‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(ii)     any one from

•    it paralyses the cilia

•    it stops the cilia working

•    it clogs the cilia

accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
1 (L5)

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 (iii)     nicotine
1 (L6)
[6]

Q2.
(a)     bubbles are formed
accept ‘fizzing’
accept ‘effervescence’
1 (L3)

(b)     (i)      It does not dissolve in the water.

if more than one box is ticked,
award no mark
1 (L4)

(ii)     it goes down

do not accept ‘it goes up the test-tube’
1 (L3)

(c)     (i)      oxygen

1 (L3)

(ii)     water vapour

accept ‘water’ or ‘steam’
do not accept ‘condensation’
1 (L3)
[5]

Q3.
(a)     any one from

•    the colour had changed

•    the water was brown or darker or grey

accept ‘the colour’
do not accept ‘the coffee disappeared’
1 (L3)

(b)     (i)      •    D

1 (L3)

(ii)     •    P
accept ‘the filter paper’
‘the filter’ is insufficient
accept ‘the paper’
1 (L3)

(c)     (i)      any one from

•    to cool the water vapour

accept ‘to cool the steam or gas’

•    to condense the water vapour

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 accept ‘to condense the steam or gas’

•    change gas or vapour back to water

accept ‘to cool it or the glass tube’
do not accept references to liquid coffee condensing
1 (L3)

(ii)     •    from a liquid into a gas

2 (L4)

•    evaporation
1 (L4)

•    condensation
1 (L4)
award one mark for each correct word in the correct place
[8]

Q4.
(a)     any one from

•    ink dissolves in water

•    ink would smudge or run or move up the filter paper

•    pencil does not dissolve in water

accept ‘ink dissolves’
accept ‘ink expands’
accept ‘pencil does not smudge’
1 (L4)

(b)     (i)      •    yellow

1 (L4)

(ii)     •    brown

1 (L4)

(c)     •    red

1 (L4)

(d)     •    chromatography  

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
[5]

Q5.
(a)     (i)      •    filtration  
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)

(ii)     •    A: sand

accept ‘residue’
1 (L3)

(iii)     •    B: filter paper

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 accept ‘paper’ or ‘filter’
do not accept ‘funnel’ or ‘filter funnel’
1 (L4)

(b)     (i)      •    100

1 (L4)

(ii)     it had evaporated

accept’ it went into the air’
do not accept ‘it disappeared’
1 (L3)

(iii)     salt
accept ‘sodium chloride’
accept ‘salts’ or ‘minerals’ or ‘crystals’
1 (L4)
[6]

Q6.
(a)     (i)      •    100
accept ‘5 ×20’
1 (L7)

•    Ncm
accept ‘cmN’
accept ‘1.0 Nm’ for two marks
do not accept lower case n
1 (L7)

(ii)     100
accept ‘the same’
accept the numerical answer to part a i
the mark for the unit may be awarded in part a ii
if not given in part a i
the unit is not required for the mark
1 (L7)

(iii)     •    10
accept the numerical answer to a ii ÷ 10
1 (L7)

(b)     •    it decreased

accept ‘it slowed down’

          any one from

•    less light energy changed to electrical energy

accept ‘less light to power plane’
accept ‘it received less energy’
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
do not accept ‘it stopped

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 •    the voltage produced by the solar cell was lower
accept ‘less electrical or kinetic energy produced’
‘less light’ is insufficient do
not accept ‘no light to provide energy
1 (L7)
[5]

Q7.
          (a)     •    10

accept ‘ ’ if the answer is not evaluated

1 (L7)

•    N/mm2
accept, for two marks, ‘107 Pa’
‘107’ is insufficient
accept ‘Nmm-2’
do not accept ‘n’ for ‘N’
1 (L7)

(b)     •    5
accept ‘10 × 0.5’ if the answer is not evaluated
1 (L7)

•    N cm
accept ‘cm N’
do not accept ‘n’ for ‘N’
accept, for two marks, ‘0.05 Nm’
‘0.05’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

(c)     •    (weight = 200 × 0.05 =) 10

accept ‘(force = area × pressure =) 10’
accept, for one mark, ‘0.05 × 200’ if not evaluated or
evaluated incorrectly
award two marks for the correct numerical
answer, whether or not correct working has been shown
if the answer is incorrect, award one mark for a rearranged
equation showing explicitly how to calculate weight or force
e.g. ‘force or weight = area × pressure’
2 (L7)
[6]

Q8.
(a)     150
1

(b)     there is nothing to balance the force of the string

accept ‘it is pushed by the string’ accept ‘there is a forward
force acting on it’ accept ‘potential energy is converted to
kinetic

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 energy’ or ‘energy from the bow is transferred to the arrow’
1

(c)     any one from

•    because they are not in opposite directions

accept ‘because they are in different directions’
or ‘because they are at an angle to each other’
or ‘because they are not both horizontal’
do not accept ‘because they are at an angle’

•    because they do not act along the same line

accept ‘gravity pulls down and friction pushes across’
1

(d)     any one from

•    because the force is concentrated in a much smaller area

accept ‘because the area in contact is smaller’
or ‘because there is a smaller area’

•    because pressure is force divided by area

1
[4]

Q9.
(a)     25
accept ‘175 ÷ 7’
1 (L7)

(b)     any one from

•    greater than 27 N/cm2

the unit is required for the mark
do not accept ‘27 N/cm2’

•    greater than the pressure in the tyre

accept any answer greater than 27 N/cm2
1 (L7)

(c)     2850
1 (L7)
[3]

Q10.
(a)     (i)      final speed = 4 m/s average speed = 2 m/s
the unit is required for the mark in (i) and (ii)
1

(ii)     final speed = 8 m/s average speed = 4 m/s

the unit is required for the mark in (i) and (ii)
consequential marking applies
1

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(b)     (i)      distance = 2 × 0.4 = 0.8 m
accept numerical answer to (a) (i) × 0.4
1

(ii)     distance = 4× 0.8 = 3.2 m

accept numerical answer to (a) (ii) × 0.8
1

(c)     4 times
accept a correct statement based on the
answers to (b) (i) and (b) (ii)
1
[5]

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