Form 5 Chapter 2 : Differentiation

Name : Date:
Rates of Change

Notes :

Important things to remember.

𝒅𝒚 Differentiate 𝒚 with respect to 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 Rate of change of 𝒙
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒚 Rate of change of 𝒚
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝑨 Rate of change of area
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝑽 Rate of change of volume
𝒅𝒕

Rate of change is solved using the chain rule :

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒕
= ×
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒙
A Solve the following rates of change problems.
1.)
Variables 𝒑 and 𝒗 are linked by the equation
𝒑𝒗 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎. Given that 𝒑 is increasing at a rate of
2 units per minute, find the rate of decrease of 𝒗
at the instant when 𝒑 = 𝟔𝟎 units.

2.)
The volume, 𝑽 cm3, of a sphere of radius 𝒓 cm, is
𝟒
given by the formula 𝑽 = 𝟑 𝝅𝒓𝟑. A pump puts air
into a spherical balloon at a rate of 1200 cm3s-1.
Calculate the rate at which the radius is increasing
at the instant the radius is 5 cm.

3.)
The height of a cylinder is twice the radius, 𝒙 m, of
its base. If 𝒙 is decreasing at a rate of 0.1 cms-1,
find the rate of change of volume of the cylinder
when 𝒙 = 𝟐.

BENJAMIN KOH 1
 4.)
The volume, 𝑽 cm3, of a liquid in a bowl, when the
depth of liquid is 𝒙 cm, is given by
𝒚 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐. Given that liquid is poured
into the bowl at a rate of 50 cm3s-1, find the rate of
increase of the depth of liquid when 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔.

5.)
A cube is heated uniformly. If the length of each
side of the cube, 𝒙 cm, increases at a rate of 0.05
cms-1, find the rate of change of volume of the
cube when the total surface area of the cube is
384 cm2.

Problems Involving Rates of Change

1.)

BENJAMIN KOH 2
2.)

BENJAMIN KOH 3
3.)

BENJAMIN KOH 4
4.)

Answers :

Exercise A
𝟓 𝟓
1.) – 𝟔 unit per minute 2.) 3.820 cms – 1 3.) – 7.540 cm3s – 1 4.) 𝟖 cms – 1

5.) 9.6 cm3s – 1

Problems Involving Rates of Change
𝒅𝑨
1.a.) 24 cm2s – 1 b.) 100 cm2 2.a.) total surface area = 18x2 ; 𝒅𝒙 = 36x

𝟏
b.) – 𝟔𝟎 cms – 1 3.a.) shown. b.) 28.65 cms – 1 4.a.) shown. b.) 18.85 cm2s – 1

BENJAMIN KOH 5
Small Change and Approximation
𝒅𝒚
• Small change in 𝒚, 𝜹𝒚 = 𝒅𝒙 × 𝜹𝒙
• 𝜹𝒙 → small change in 𝒙
• Approximate value of 𝒚 = 𝒚𝒐 + 𝜹𝒚
B Solve the following questions.
1.) 2.)

3.) 4.)

5.) 6.)

BENJAMIN KOH 6
 7.) 8.)

Answers :
Exercise B
1. 9.6𝝅 cm2 2.) 0.52 3.) 0.3 cm3 4.) 7.2 cm2 5.) 32 ; 19.2
𝟏
6.) 𝟖 ; 4.0075 7.) – 3 ; 2.12 8.) 3x2 ; 345.94

Reinforcement Practice

1.) 2.)

3.) 4.)

BENJAMIN KOH 7
 5.) 6.)

7.) 8.)

Answers :
1.) – 0.48 2.) 0.16π 3.) – 2.88π 4.) – 230.4 π
𝟏
5.) 𝟏𝟒 6.) 2.475 7.) 1.545 8.) 32 ; 17.6

BENJAMIN KOH 8