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Medicación y Riesgo QX
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University of Sheffield study finds that antibiotics reduce the risk of a life-threatening heart infection following
invasive dental treatment –for high-risk patients
People who are at high risk of developing a life-threatening heart infection should be given antibiotics before
undergoing invasive dental procedures, according to new research from the University of Sheffield.
These results suggest that current NICE guidelines, advising against routine use of antibiotics before invasive
dental procedures for those at high IE-risk, should be reconsidered.
The study, led by Professor Martin Thornhill from the University’s School of Clinical Dentistry, suggests that
current UK guidelines against the use of antibiotics, issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
(NICE), could be putting high-risk patients at unnecessary extra risk when undergoing invasive dental procedures.
At the same time, the results validate guidance in the USA, Europe and elsewhere that recommend that those at
high-risk are given antibiotics before invasive dental procedures.
Professor Thornhill, Professor of Translational Research in Dentistry at the University of Sheffield and lead author
of the study, said: “Infective endocarditis is a rare but devastating heart infection in which around 30 per cent of
people die within the first year of developing it. We know that 30-45 per cent of IE cases are caused by bacteria
that derive from the mouth, but what has been unclear and disputed until now is whether there is a strong link
between invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extractions, and IE in patients who are at high risk of
developing the infection.”
“Results from our study validate for the first time the guidance of the major guideline committees around the
world, such as The American Heart Association and the European Society for Cardiology, which recommend that
those at high IE risk should receive AP before undergoing invasive dental procedures. In contrast, our data
suggests that current UK NICE guidance against the routine use of AP, could be putting high risk patients at
unnecessary extra risk of developing IE, and should be reviewed in light of this new evidence”, he added.
Published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the research is the biggest ever study to examine
the association between infective endocarditis (IE) –a life-threatening infection of the heart often caused by
bacteria that derive from the mouth –and invasive dental procedures.
The study was performed in the USA where patients at high IE-risk (those with artificial or repaired heart valves,
patients with certain congenital heart conditions or a previous history of IE) are recommended to receive
antibiotics before invasive dental procedures –called antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) –to reduce their risk of
developing IE.
The research is the first to demonstrate that AP reduces the risk of IE following invasive dental treatment for those
at high-risk of developing the infection. Due to this lack of evidence, concerns about the unnecessary use of
antibiotics and the risk that AP could promote the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria, guideline
committees have since reduced the number of people that AP is recommended for –recommending that only
those at high risk for IE should receive AP before invasive dental procedures. In the UK, however, NICE went even
further stating that “Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis is not recommended routinely for people
undergoing dental procedures.”
Las personas que tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar una infección cardíaca potencialmente mortal deben recibir
antibióticos antes de someterse a procedimientos dentales invasivos, según una nueva investigación de la
Universidad de Sheffield.
Estos resultados sugieren que se deben reconsiderar las directrices actuales del NICE, que desaconsejan el uso
rutinario de antibióticos antes de los procedimientos dentales invasivos para las personas con alto riesgo de IE.
El estudio, dirigido por el profesor Martin Thornhill de la Facultad de Odontología Clínica de la Universidad, sugiere
que las directrices actuales del Reino Unido contra el uso de antibióticos, emitidas por el Instituto Nacional para la
Excelencia en Salud y Atención (NICE), podrían poner a los pacientes de alto riesgo en un riesgo adicional
innecesario cuando someterse a procedimientos dentales invasivos.
Al mismo tiempo, los resultados validan las directrices en los EE. UU., Europa y otros lugares que recomiendan que
las personas con alto riesgo reciban antibióticos antes de procedimientos dentales invasivos.
El profesor Thornhill, profesor de Investigación Traslacional en Odontología en la Universidad de Sheffield y autor
principal del estudio, dijo: «La endocarditis infecciosa es una infección cardíaca poco frecuente pero devastadora
en la que alrededor del 30 por ciento de las personas mueren durante el primer año de su desarrollo. Sabemos que
entre el 30 y el 45 por ciento de los casos de IE son causados por bacterias que se derivan de la boca, pero lo que
no ha estado claro y discutido hasta ahora es si existe una fuerte relación entre los procedimientos dentales
DETALLES
Título: Dentists should give antibiotics to high-risk patients to prevent heart infection: Study
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