Imunitas Terhadap Infeksi Virus

Disampaikan pada Webinar “GeMa CerMat Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat

Keluarga (TOGA) sebagai upaya memperkuat Imunitas Tubuh”
Kamis, 16 Juli 2020 09.00 WIB

R. Susanti (Scopus ID 572. 16299222; Orcid ID 0000-0001-6267-

2126; SINTA ID 5981479; r.susanti@mail.unnes.ac.id)
Jurusan Biologi FMIPA
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Definition: nursingexercise.com/immunity-definition-types/

The quality or state of being immune. Especially a condition of being able to

resist a particular disease especially through preventing development of a
pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/immunity)
https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/how-to-support-your-immune-system
 Mucosal
immune
system

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Bischoff_fig_2_adapted_01.png
Innate
immunity :
• Siap setiap
saat
• Tidak perlu
latihan
• Tidak perlu
kenalan dulu
• Tidak punya
memori
• Responnya
cepat
https://microbenotes.com/differences-between-innate-immunity-and-adaptive-immunity/
Adaptive
immunity:
• Antigen
spesifik
• Antigen sdh
dikenal
• Respon lama
• Punya memori

https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/innate-and-adaptive-immunity.htm
 Natural Killer
(NK) Cell
=
Large granular
lymphocyte (LGL)
=
Innate lymphoid cell

Trend in immunology
 Natural Killer (NK) Cell):
• Membunuh sel
“missing self”
• Missing self: sel tumor
dan sel terinfeksi virus
• Membunuh tanpa
antibodi dan molekul
MHC (normal)
• Respon cepat (3 hari
pasca Infeksi)

https://www.elisagenie.com/blog/natural-killer-cells-
and-their-role-in-immunometabolism/
 Bagaimana sel
NK mengenali
“missing self”?

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cuny-kbcc-
microbiologyhd/chapter/pathogen-
recognition-and-phagocytosis/
 Aktivasi sel NK
ditentukan oleh
keseimbangan stimulasi
reseptor inhibitory dan
reseptor activatory

https://www.nature.com/articles/nri3174
 Bagaimana sel NK
menyerang/membunuh/
mematikan sel
targetnya?

NK cell

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/646/htm https://www.pinterest.co.kr/pin/442126888393962511/
Interferon (IFN)
https://www.easybiologyclass.com/interferons-inf-definition-antiviral-properties-functions-classification-and-
clinical-significance/
 Antiviral
Protein (AVP)

2’5’ oligo adenylate

https://www.microbiologybook
.org/mhunt/interferon.htm
Cell mediated and humoral immunity

https://www.slideshare.net/jayswan
/chapter-43-textbook-presentation

https://www.sinobiological.com/research/cd-antigens/t-cell
Cell-mediated
immunity
• Antigen intrasel
• Sel T sitotoksik (Tc)
• MHC I

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Bo
ok%3A_Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_6%3A_Adaptive_Im
munity/14%3A_Cell-
Mediated_Immunity/14.2%3A_Activating_Antigen-
Specific_Cytotoxic_T-_Lymphocytes
 https://www.pinterest.co.kr/
pin/442126888393962511/

https://www.slideshare.net/mpattani/biology-in-focus-chapter-35

Activity of cytotoxic T cell

 Humoral immunity
• Humor: cairan  mengatasi
antigen di luar sel
• Diperankan oleh sel limfosit
B
• Produksi antibodi
• T dependent dan T
independent

https://medicine.academic.ru/138978/cell-surface_marker
 T Cell-Dependent B cell
activation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell#/media/File:T-
dependent_B_cell_activation.png
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/b-lymphocytes-and-humoral-
immunity/https://microbeonline.com/t-dependent-antigen-and-t-independent-antigen/
• Tanpa melibatkan sel T helper
• Stimulasi melalui ikatan antigen dengan BRC (B cell receptor) atau TLR (Toll-like
receptor)
• Antigen: LPL (lipopolisakarida), polisakarida, polimeric protein
I
N
F
L
A
M
A
S
I
Immunitas tubuh sangat lengkap dan tangguh
Mengapa masih ada penyakit viral?

Host Defense
vs
Viral Pathogenesis

https://www.mdpi.com/ijms/ijms-18-
01673/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-
18-01673-ag.png
Virus memiliki berbagai mekanisme untuk
menghindar dari host immunity
Beda virus, beda strategi, beda patogenesitas
Immune escape mechanism of
Corona virus

Coronavirus interferes with multiple steps

during initial innate immune response
including RNA sensing (1, 2), signaling
pathways of type 1 IFN production (3), STAT
½ activation downstream of IFN/IFNAR (4)
(Kumar et al. 2020)
https://investorshangout.com/post/view?id=5724209
 Bagaimana menghadapi pandemi
covid-19?
• Cegah penularan
• Penerapan biosavety dan biosecurity
• Perkuat sistem imun
#dirumahaja
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2697

http://promkes.kemkes.go.id/panduan-pencegahan-
https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/covid-19-top-3-
penularan-covid-19-untuk-masyarakat
immunity-boosting-concoctions-to-enjoy-at-home/1934196/
 Penutup
• Imunitas untuk infeksi
virus: lengkap dan tangguh
• Virus memiliki berbagai
strategi untuk menghindari
respon imun host
• Pencegahan dan
pengendalian sesuai
karakteristik virus
http://reps-id.com/penyebab-lemahnya-sistem-imun/can-
you-boost-your-immune-system-to-prevent-coronavirus-
spread-722x406-1585558215/