Appencdices B69

APPENDIX u: IMPORTANT FORMULAE

Estimated glomerular x height (cm) n g no managenenit

Altration rate (GFR) Sserum creatininef(mg/dl)
serum creainina chronic kidney disease
where k- 043

Serum anion gap Na' (Cl+HCO,) Normal value 6-12 mEq/l

Urine anion gap Na +K-C Index of urinary NH,' excretion

Plasma osmolality ucose Normal 280-285 mOsrm/kg

2(Na") Approrimnates twice plasrna Na

BUN blood urea nitrogen, mg/dl

Free water deficit Total body water x[(sodium Total body water = 0.6 m (kg)
concentration/140) 1 )

Plasma volume 0.065 x weight (kg) x ( - Approximately 30-40 ml/kg

hematocrit)

Urinary potassidm Urine K7 (urine K' + urine Na") Value >0.6 (60%) suggests
index nypovolemia

Transtubular UrineK xplasma osmolality Reflects aldosterone mediated

1staiksecretion. Normal <2.5
potassium gradient Plasma K"x urine osmolality
(TTKG) during hypokalemia;>7 in
nyperkalemia

Fractional excretion Urine Na' x plasma creatinine <1% in volume

contraction with
ppropriate renal Na' retentionn
of sodium Plasmà
Na xurine creainine
Calcium correction for 08x (4.0-patient albumin)+
Serum calcium
hypoalbuminemia

Infusate Na": Concentration of Na

Change in sodium
Infusate Na"-serum Na in fluid intused
Total body
i infusion o water +1)

Age + 2) x 30 mL Infants:Capacity= 7 * weight (kg)

Expected bladder
capacity (2-12 years
Ordge
*The fractional excretion of any substance can be calculated similarly
 Appenciices 569
APPENDIX ll: IMPORTANT FORMULAE
Formula Remarks

Staging and nanagement of

Estimated glomerular
fhltration rate (GFR)
GFR kxheight (cm)
serum creatinine (mg/dl) chronic kidney disease
where k =0.43

Serum anion gap Na -(Cl+ HCO,) Normal value 6-12 mEq/l

Urine anion gap Na+K'-Cl Index of urinary NH, excretion

Plasma osmolality 2 (Na") +0N glucose Normal 280-285 mOsm/kg

2.8 8 Approximates twice plasma Na

BUN blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL

Free water deficit Total body water x [(sodium Total body water = 0.6 x wt (kg)
concentration/140) -1]
weight (kg) x (1- Approximately 30-40 mL/kg
Plasma volume 0.065 x
hematocrit)

Urinary potassiumn Urine K/ (urine K*+ urine Na) Value >0.6 (60%) suggests
index hypovolemia

Transtubular Reflects aldosterone mediated

Urine K x plasma osmolality distal K* secretion. Normal <2.5
potassium gradient Plasma Kx urine osmolality
(IKG) during hypokalemia;>7 in
hyperkalemia

<1% in volume cóntraction with

Fractional excretion
Urine Nax plasma creatinine appropriate renal Na" retention
of sodium* Plasma Na' x urine creatinine
Calcium correction for 0.8 x (4.0 patient albumin)+
serum calcium
hypoalbuminemia
Infusate Na': Concentration of Na"
Change in sodium Infusate Na" -serum Na")
concentration in fluid infused
(Total body water + 1)
following infusion of
1L solution
(Age+2) x 30 mL Infants: Capacity = 7 x weight (kg)
Expected bladder
capacity (2-12 years
Oage)

The fractional excretion of any substance can be calculated similariy