SZKOŁA DOKTORKSA RELATING TO TNHE ACADEMIA/PHILISOPHY OF RESEARCH M.

HAŁADEWICZ

1. PRAGMATICS AND PHILOSOPHY BEHIND RESEARCH

2. Goals and objectives of academic writing
3. Methodologies and critical chorus
4. Scientific standards and considering your audience
5. II. ONLINE RESOURCES OVERVIEW
6. Scholarly Publishing
7. Overview of journal platforms worldwide

Sample sources:
 (sample online guides :
Sage research plan : http://methods.sagepub.com/project-planner/philosophy-of-research?
fromoverview=Y
 „Introduction to research and resarch methods”
http://www.bradford.ac.uk/academic-skills/media/academicskillsadvice/documents/
academicskillsresources/readingandresearchingskillsadvanced/Teach-Yourself-Research-and-
Research-Methods-Basics.pdf

 Adams-Tukiendorf, M – D. Rydzak (2012) Developing Writing Skills. A Manual for EFL

Students.Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego
 Monippally, M. – B. Pawar (2016/2010). Academic writing. A guide for Management
Students and Researchers. New Delhi: SAGE.
 Swales, J – C.Feak. 2004. Academic Writing for Graduate Students, 3rd Edition Essential Tasks
and Skills 3rd Edition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
 Webminars for El Sevier
 Jordan, R.R. (1992) Academic Writing Course . Edinburgh: Nelson

Realms for academic writing who/ what

writing a journal article/ monograph chapter, rejoinder, critiques, assessment,

Writing a course/ semester assignment, writing as an editor/ copy editor of a journal (pieces
of guidance for the author for online notice-board), corresponding with an author,
As a reviewer, conference presentation/ session /summer school organizer / conference
presenter/
 Synopsize existing state of art on a given issue;
 Propose new solutions to encountered moot issues;
 Documenting existing / discovered monuments, artefacts;
 Interpret existing data in the new light;
 Investigate in more detail existing trails –even one’s own work (a follow-up research);
 Replicate the research done by another person;
 Elaborate new procedures, methodologies for investigation.

 The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

 (OED) defines research as an “endeavour to discover new or collate old facts etc. By scientific
study of a subject, [or] course of critical investigation.”
 Research is also any means by which a discipline or art develops, tests, and renews itself. All
of these meanings are complementary (and overlap) and all have a place in universities.
SZKOŁA DOKTORKSA RELATING TO TNHE ACADEMIA/PHILISOPHY OF RESEARCH M.HAŁADEWICZ

 uses scientific methods to collect evidence and arrive at results,

 Follows established rules;
 should not reflect your personal views;
 Common platoform for exchanging views in an established manner.
Key terms:

 Research adopts specific procedures to generate knowledge in compliance with the norms
of science (Monippally, PA war: 2010: 11)
 Generation of conjectures or hypotheses in the research process
 Conceptual research
 Empirical research
 knowledge, theory, concepts and prepositions

theory:
 set of concepts and relationships between them
 A prism through which analyse your data
 A tool enabling us to formulate both hypotheses and analytical conclusions (Korzybski,
Popper).
 Theory is a simplified representation of a limited part of the reality. It typically includes a set
of systematically interrelated statements about the part of the reality being represented by
it.” (Monippally - Pawar 2010: 16)

 „A method is a way of doing research, such as survey research, ethnography, documentary

research, or qualitative interviews. Methods are the techniques or procedures used to gather
and analyze data related to a research question or hypothesis.

 A methodology is the philosophical position which underpins our understanding of what we

are doing when we generate knowledge about the world. Methodology is the strategy, or
design, lying behind the choice and use of particular methods and links the choice and use of
methods to desired research outcomes. Methodology is related to epistemology and
ontology, and all of these concepts are sometimes referred to together as the philosophy of
research or the philosophy of methods.”

Philosophical standpoints:

 Ontology the Greek “ontos,” being, and “logos,”

 the study of being. Your “ontology” is how you answer to the question: “What is reality?”

 important, because whatever assumption you make affects how you approach your research.

 epistemology questions about how we understand reality—about how we can make

knowledge claims of any kind

 “episteme,” knowledge, and “logos,” study.

 It is the study of knowledge. Your “epistemology” is your answer to the question: “How can I
know reality?”
SZKOŁA DOKTORKSA RELATING TO TNHE ACADEMIA/PHILISOPHY OF RESEARCH M.HAŁADEWICZ

 „Exploratory research is undertaken when few or no previous studies exist. The aim is to
look for patterns, hypotheses or ideas that can be tested and will form the basis for further
research. Typical research techniques would include case studies, observation and reviews of
previous related studies and data.

 Descriptive research can be used to identify and classify the elements or characteristics of
the subject, e.g. number of days lost because of industrial action. Quantitative techniques
are most often used to\ collect, analyse and summarise data.” (Introduction [no date]– page
2)

 deducted from the general

 Inductive (particular  general)

 Applied / basic

 Positivistic (scientific /quantitiative) : natural science

 phenomenological (subjective, interpretative)

 Keep in a dialogue with: the data you are able to obtain,

ONLINE RESOURCES

 Online resources for academic writing (OWL)

 Journal platforms (paid access)- SAGE, Mouton de Gruyter, Springer, CEEOL.

 Journal platforms Open access (paid publication)

above (SAGE OPEN), Redfame, partially open access

:http://redfame.com/journal/index.php/ijsss

Acedemic journals: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JLC

Resources as submission guidelines

 Exploration of particular platforms:

 Decision towards future venue and shape of our research paper.

 Each SAGE paper bears upon downloading an info how many journals from SAGE platforms it
cites

(but: NOT A PREREQUISITE – from own experience)

 Each platform specializes in some type of research

 SCIENCE DIRECT – all Polish higher education have paid access for this platform

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/2/

 ETHICS|: CrossCheck Plagiarism Screening System

The editorial board is participating in a growing community of CrossCheck System's users in
order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. CrossCheck is a
SZKOŁA DOKTORKSA RELATING TO TNHE ACADEMIA/PHILISOPHY OF RESEARCH M.HAŁADEWICZ

medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism
and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.

 Detailed description of the CrossCheck System can be found at:

http://www.crossref.org/crosscheck/index.html

 https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/topling

SAGE PLATFORM, WILEY, CEEOL.

https://www.brainshark.com/wiley/vu?pi=zG3z74JkYzAYd8z0
METRICS:
 Index Copernicus
 http://lista2012.indexcopernicus.com/index.htm
 Punktacja
 http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/masterlist.php?litera=a&start=0&skok=3
 Scimago:
 http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php