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Acc Exam
Acc Exam
Income statement
2. Balance sheet
4. Inventories
5. Measures of leverage
A vertical common-size balance sheet expresses each item of the balance sheet as a percentage of total
assets. The common-size format standardizes the balance sheet by eliminating the effects of size. This
allows for comparison over time (time-series analysis) and across firms (cross-sectional analysis). For
example, the following are the balance sheets of industry competitors East Company and West Company.
Common-size analysis can also be used to examine a firm’s strategies.
net income = revenues − expenses
net revenue = revenue – estimated returns - allowances
gross profit = Revenue – COGS
operating profit = gross profit – operating expenses – administrative expenses
SL dep.exp. = (cost – residual value) / useful life
DBB dep. = (2 / useful life)(cost – accumulated dep.)
margin = net / revenue
comprehensive income = net income + OCI
Comprehensive income = (Ending shareholders equity – Beginning shareholders equity) + Dividends
working capital = current asstes – current liabilities
account receivable = gross receivable – allowance for doubtful acc.
luquidity ratios
current ratio = current asstes / current liabilities
quick ratio = (current assets – inventory) / current liabilities
cash ratio = (cash + marketable securities) / current liabilities
solvency ratios
long term debt to equity = total long term debt / total equity
debt to equity = total debt / total equity
debt ratio = total debt / total assets
financial leverage = total assets / total equity
ending acc.receivable = beginning acc.receivable + sales – cash collections
cash received from customers = revenue(sales) – increase acc.reveivable + increase in unearned revenue
ending acc.receivable = beginning acc.rec. + revenue(sales) – cash received from customers
cash paid to suppliers = cogs + increase in inventory – increase in acc. payable
ending inventory = beginning inventory + purchases – cogs
ending acc payable = beginning acc payable + purchases – cash paid to suppliers
cash paid to employees = salary and wage expense – increase in salary and wages payable
ending salary and wages payable = beginning salary and wages payable + salary and wages expense –
- cash paid to epmloyees
cash paid for other operating expenses = other operating expenses + increase in prepared expenses -
- increase in other accrued liabilities
cash paid for interest = interest expense + decrease in interest payable
ending interest payable = begin.in.pay. + interest expense – cash paid for interest
cash paid for income tax expense = income tax expense – increase in income tax payable – deferred tax
liability + defrred tax asset
fcfe = cfo – Fixed Capitap Investmetn + net borrowing
net borrowing = debt issued – debt repaid