OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response

Issue 3: Erosion of Sand Discharge Culvert when water SAND DISCHARGE ISSUE:
flows at speed 10-15m/s.
OE’s letter HKO-LJHC EPC 2020_0082 dated on 16OCT2020

By the Letter EVNPECC3 3770_TVD3-TD dated on 23OCT2020

to the HKO Resident Engineer, the detail designer proposes:
Bằng Công văn EVNPECC3 3770_TVD3-TD ngày 23OCT2020
gửi Kỹ sư thường trú HKO, thiết kế đề nghị:

i) Please note that PECC3 and the Contractor have not provided yet i) On contract, PECC3's scope of work does not have standard translation from i) In EPC contract page 46 of 73, EPC contractor is responsible to have all
any Vietnamese standards in English language as requested several Vietnamese to English. documents translated in English language.
times by OE.

ii) It seems that the TCVN 9158-2012 Hydraulic Structures-
Discharge Structure is for irrigation system with low velocity and
low sand and mineral in the canalized water.
iii) The named standard doesn’t take account of the hard sand
discharge of HKO dam bottom. The designer should have
conducted a study of sediment characteristics of Houay Ka Ouane
River.
ii) TCVN 9158-2012 Hydraulic structures - Discharge structures - Calculation
method for cavitation,this standard deal with not only canal but also culvert,
spillway,chute, … So PECC3 applied for calculation is suitable completely.
iii) TCVN 9158-2012 is applied both surface discharge and deep discharge works,
so it is suitable for both flow with silt and no silt, can refer to the allowable speed
of concrete M250 when considering to silt according to calculation formula of
In the absence of PECC3’s study of sediment characteristics during Basic Design
Stage, it is imperative to take samples on site and analyze in Laboratory to
determine the sand aggressiveness against concrete strength prior to finalization
of Detailed Design. What we expect from PECC3 is, they should suggest the use
of alternative material to enhance concrete durability to resist erosion. Anyways,
OE accepted already Trung Hieu’s proposal of using Sika Products to be
added in the concrete mix of M250 concrete instead of steel lining.

PECC3 1
 OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response
and is calculated with dimendions as follow: As far as Concrete Durability is concerned, TH’s proposal of using Sika
product as mentioned above, the concrete design for sand discharge culvert
can be considered a closed issue.
d(mm) S(kG/m3) Vtt(m/s) Spacing of the DB16mmØ Reinforcement of the Sand Discharge Culvert is
5 0.0684 25.18 still to be confirmed by PECC3. OE requests PECC3 to facilitate response of
10 0.0242 24.06 OE’s letter HKO-LJHC-PECC3-2020-0003 dated 31 October 2020.
20 0.0086 23.43
50 0.0022 23.03
100 0.0008 22.89
200 0.0003 22.82
400 0.0001 22.79
800 0.0000 22.77
So, when considering sediment, the erosion resistance of concrete M250 (Vpermitted
= 22.75m / s) increases from (0.02-2.43) m/s depending on the particle size of
sediment, the no-erosive velocity of concrete when there is sediment, is V = (22.77
-25.18) m/s which is much higher than the maximum velocity of the sand
discharge culvert, which is V = 15m/s. It should be safe without steel lining.
In addition, the Chinese Standard SL 319-2005 only advises the design of real gas
prevention in high speed areas, spillway surface, drainage works when the flow
velocity is> 20m/s, sand discharge culvert has the velocity is not great, only 15m
/ s << concrete resistance V = 22.75m / s, so it's safe, OE can ask LJ to check by
giving calculated values to check.
iv) Here after the photo of sand discharge culvert inlet which is very
iv) PECC3 sent some photos of some sand sluice gates in operation in Vietnam
close of the reservoir left bank without protection against erosion
such as Nuoc Trong hydropower with Qdischarge = 312m3/s, v= 22m / s, angle
and mainly made of soil, sand and mineral particles. The designer
alpha = 90, not steel lining.
should consider also the chemical attack on concrete. The decaying
of vegetation in the reservoir is a frequent source of acidity in
natural water. Chemical attack become serious and accelerate
deterioration and erosion of concrete. The Designer is advised to
revisit ACI 210R-93 Erosion of Concrete for reference.

Figure 1: Plan of sand discharge culvert, Nuoc Trong hydropower, Viet

Nam.

PECC3 2
 OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response
lease note that PECC3 and the Contractor have not provided yet
any Vietnamese standards in English language as requested
several times by OE. It seems that the TCVN 9158-2012
Hydraulic Structures-Discharge Structure is for irrigation system
with low velocity and low sand and mineral in the canalized
water. The named standard doesn’t take account of the hard sand
discharge of HKO dam bottom. The designer should have
conducted a study of sediment characteristics of Houay Ka Ouane
River.
Here after the photo of sand discharge culvert inlet which is very
close of the reservoir left bank without protection against erosion
and mainly made of soil, sand and mineral particles. The designer
should consider also the chemical attack on concrete. The decaying Figure 2: Profile of sand discharge culvert, Nuoc Trong hydropower, Viet
of vegetation in the reservoir is a frequent source of acidity in
natural water. Chemical attack become serious and accelerate Nam.
deterioration and erosion of concrete. The Designer is advised to And the sand discharge culvert of dam, 80m high in China. It is not arranged lining
revisit ACI 210R-93 Erosion of Concrete for reference
steel at downstream curve segment.

The water sample tested was during Basic Design stage. OE would like to
emphasize the chemical presence in Houay Ka Ouane Reservoir after
Figure 3: Actual sand discharge culvert, China. impoundment where decomposition of vegetation will take place. What we expect
On the chemical erosion: according to the experimental results, the water sample from PECC3 is, they should refer their proposed remedy on historical data of other
has been tested (for details see geological report, Volume 2.3, Volume 3, appendix projects who experienced the chemical attacked and solutions being done.
1) water and is considered to be sure to use the anti-erosion concrete top. It can Anyways, OE accepted already Trung Hieu’s proposal of using Sika Product to be
even be used for coastal concrete (TCVN 9346: 2012). added in the concrete mix of M250 instead of steel lining.

Evaluatio
Name Test indicator
n

PECC3 3
 OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response

4.1 Structures are used in the

atmosphere. - pH=6.9-7.0 - OK
- pH from 6.5 to 12.5 - Chlorin content is
- Chlorin content is smaller or from (7.1-21.93)mg/l - OK
equal to 50mg/L.
4.2 Structures are in changeable
and submerged water
- - OK
- As item 4.1
- It’s OK as above.
- SO3 content is not greater than
- -OK
100mg/L.
- SO3
- The total amount of dissolved content -
is
salt does not exceed 200mh/L. 3,2mg/L. - -OK

-The total amount of

dissolved salt
In fact, the choice of the M250 concrete strength is not objected
* In theory, PECC3 has calculated that allowable non-erosion velocity of M250
regarding the Hydraulic Structures but the M250 concrete surface
concrete is 22.75m compared to Houay’s sand discharge culvert: V = 15.0m / s,
will be not durable regarding the sand discharge characteristics; in
so there is no need for steel lining.
the discharge, the water will be strongly loaded by the soil and sand;
so, these mineral particles will aggress the M250 concrete surfaces * In fact, PECC3 has adducted some domestic and foreign constructions, the sand
of the sand discharge culvert, especially during the first years of the discharge culvert does not need steel lining with the speed V = 22m / s.
operation when the reservoir level will become high. It is why the * OE may request LJ to calculate the reference details to check.
concrete surface in contact with the sand discharge should be
treated with proper surface hardener and then the concrete surfaces * Concrete surface completion:
will need properly maintenance to resist to the mineral particles
aggress along of the Hydropower plant life. No. Degree of completion Rough Proposal
degree
1 F1:normal completion 7mm
2 F2: high-class completion 5mm
3 F3: Special completion 2mm Choose
Issue 4. The extreme curve of the deflector wall is only
0.51m thick
OE’s letter HKO-LJHC EPC 2020_0082 dated on
16OCT2020

PECC3 4
 OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response

By the Letter EVNPECC3 3770_TVD3-TD dated on

23OCT2020 to the HKO Resident Engineer, the detail
designer proposes:

The extreme curve of the deflector wall is only 0.51m thick:

Checking of the PECC3 on structure of sand discharge culvert was sent according
to the official document No. 3832 / TVĐ3-TĐ dated October 28, 2020.
Calculation results show that the sand discharge culvert is safe.

Please, note OE is waiting your 3D structural calculation and

OE hope that as the previous comment, the detail designer
will take account the sand discharge characteristics and the
blasting power of the sand discharge on the M250 concrete
surface year after year. This is to remind the designer that the
curve portion is the critical part of sand discharge where
erosion and cavitation will start.

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 OE’s comment PECC3 Response OE’S Counter Response

In fact, the choice of the M250 concrete strength is not * In theory, PECC3 has calculated that allowable non-erosion velocity of M250
objected regarding the Hydraulic Structures but the M250 concrete is 22.75m compared to Houay’s sand discharge culvert: V = 15.0m / s,
concrete curved surface will be not durable regarding the so there is no need for steel lining.
sand discharge characteristics; in the discharge, the water * In fact, PECC3 has adducted a number of domestic and foreign projects that
have more complicated working conditions than Houay’s sand discharge culvert,
will be strongly loaded by the soil and sand; so, these mineral which do not need steel lining.
particles will aggress the M250 concrete curved surfaces of So, it can be concluded that sand discharge culvert is designed by PECC3 ensures
the sand discharge culvert, especially during the first years of safety of cavitation.OE may ask the LJ to calculate reference details to check.
the operation when the reservoir level will become high. It is For the calculation of the structure of the downstream section of the sand
why the concrete curved surface in contact with the sand discharge culvert, see Document No. 3832 / TVĐ3-TĐ dated October 28, 2020.
Calculation results show that the drainage structure is safe
discharge should be treated with proper surface hardener (or
steel plates) and then the concrete surfaces will need proper
maintenance to resist to the mineral particles and chemical
aggress along of the Hydropower plant life.

LJHC Comment #03-01 The concrete degree of surface completion is selected for degree of surface
So, OE is asking to the detail designer to provide a sand completion:
discharge culvert surfaces finishing (and/or surface No. Degree of completion Rough Proposal
maintenance method) in accordance with the sand
discharge blasting characteristics for durability of the culvert degree
surfaces especially for the area subject to a curve. 1 F1:normal completion 7mm
2 F2: high-class completion 5mm
3 F3: Special completion 2mm Choose

Prepared by Checked by Project manager Director of of Hydropower

Projects Dept

PECC3 6
 Pham Van Tuan Pham Van Tuan Pham Van Tuan
Nguyen Ngoc Son

PECC3 7