Types of Tissues

Epithelial Tissue
1.1 Type of Cells:
1.1.1) - Squamous - flattened cells
1.1.2) - Cuboidal - cube shaped
1.1.3) - Columnar - resembles rectangular pillars or columns

1.2 Types of Tissue:

1.2.1 - Simple: Single layer of flattened cells.
1.2.2 - Transitional: Cells change shape in response to tension (from cuboidal
to squamous).
1.2.3 - Stratified: forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the mouth,
esophagus.

1.3 Examples:
1.3.1) - Simple examples:
Squamous - Single layer of flattened cells.
Cuboidal - Single layer of cube-shaped cells. columnar - Single layer of
column-shaped cells
Pseudostratified - Because of the location of the nuclei, it appears stratified
but every cell touches the basement membrane
1.3.2) - Stratified examples:
Stratified squamous epithelium - forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the
mouth, esophagus.

1.4 Functions:
- Made of tightly packed cells, anchored by a basement membrane on
one side and free on the other side, lines body cavities, covers body
surfaces, and is found in glands.
1.4.1) Squamous - found in the lungs, where it functions in gas exchange.
1.4.2) Cuboidal - is involved in absorbing or secreting material into the ducts
or tubes
1.4.3.) Columnar - The main function of simple columnar epithelial cells are
protection
1.4.4) Pseudostratified - secretes mucus that traps foreign particles, and the
cilia sweep away the mucus for eventual elimination from the body.
14.5) Stratified squamous - protection against microorganisms from invading
underlying tissue and/or protection against water loss

Connective Tissue
2.1 Types of Cells:
2.1.1) - Adipocytes - cells filled with liquid fat (store)
2.1.2) - Stem - divides to produce other types of cells
2.1.3) - White blood - engulfs pathogens or produces antibodies

2.2 Types of Tissues:

2.2.1) - Fibrous Connective Tissue - supports, protects, and holds bones,
muscles and other tissues and organs in place
2.2.2) - Fluid Connective Tissue - maintains the continuity of the body by
connecting different parts of the body
2.2.3) - Supportive connective tissue - provides structure and strength to the
body and protect sort tissues

2.3 Examples:
2.3.1) Fluid Connective Tissue examples:
Blood - made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cellular components called
formed elements
Lymph - contains white blood cells, derived from the fluid surrounding the
tissues
2.3.2) Fibrous Connective Tissue examples:
Loose fibrous connective tissue - includes areolar and reticular connective
tissue supports epithelium and many internal organs
Adipose - Is a special the of loose connective tissue in which the cells enlarge
and store fat
Dense fibrous connective tissue - contains many collagen fibers packed
together.
2.3.3) Supportive Connective tissue examples:
• Cartilage - matrix is solid but flexible, lacks a direct blood supply, so heals
slowly, it has different cartilages: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
Bone - the most rigid connective tissue, matrix is made of collagen and
calcium salts.

Functions:
- Diverse in structure and function but all types of connective tissue have
three similar components: specialized cells, ground substances and
protein fibers.
2.4.1) Blood - connects the different organs by carrying nutrients oxygen and
carbon
dioxide to and from the cells
2.4.2) Lymph - it keeps the body cells moist, transports oxygen, hormones
and nutrients to different parts of the body and removes metabolic waste from
the cells
2.4.3) Loose fibrous connective tissue - supports epithelium and many
internal organs, functions in energy storage, insulation and cushioning
2.4.4.) Adipose - Stores fat that is used for energy, insulation and organ
protection. It also releases a hormone that regulates appetite-control centers
in the brain.
2.4.5) Dense fibrous connective tissue - contains densely packed collagen
fibers.
2.4.6) Cartilage - protects your joints and bones
2.4.7) Bone - stores minerals, provides internal support, protects vital organs,
enables movement, and provides attachment sites for muscles and tendons.

Muscular Tissue
13.1 Types of Cells:
3.1.1) Muscle fibers - single muscle cells, they work to generate movement of
your body and internal organs.

3.2 Types of Tissue:

3.2.1) Skeletal muscle - attached to the skeleton by tendons, contraction
moves the skeleton and is voluntarily controlled.
3.2.2) Smooth Muscle - no striations, spindle-shaped cells with one nucleus,
involuntarily controlled, found in the walls of viscera.
3.2.3) Cardiac Muscle - found only in the walls of the heart, striated,
involuntary,single nucleus and cells are connected by intercalated disks.

3.3 Examples:
3.3.1) Skeletal muscles:
Shoulder muscles
Hamstring muscles
Abdominal muscles
3.3.2) Smooth muscle:
Stomach
Intestines
Bladder
Uterus
3.3.3) Cardiac muscle:
Heart

3.4 Functions:
- Specialized to contract, produces movement for our body parts

3.4.1) Shoulder muscles - support and stabilize the most flexible joint in your
body.
3.4.2) Hamstring muscles - help you walk, run, bend your knees and extend
your legs.
3.4.3) Abdominal muscles - support the trunk, allow movement and hold
organs in place by regulating internal abdominal pressure
3.4.4) Stomach - stores food and releases it to the intestines at a rate
whereby the
intestines can process it
3.4.5) Intestines - digest food, produces various substances that carry
messages to other parts of the body
3.4.6) Bladder - storage and emptying of urine
3.4.7) Uterus - nourish the developing fetus prior to birth
3.4.8) Heart - pumps blood around our body as your hearts beats

Nervous Tissue
4.1 Types of Cells:
4.1.1) Neurons - Is a specialized cell that has three parts: dendrites, a cell
body, and an axon. Some axons are covered in myelin, a fatty substance.
4.1.2) Neuroglial - cells that outnumber neurons 9 to 1 and take up more than
half the volume of the brain, support and nourish neurons

4.2 Types of Tissues :

4.2.1) Nerves - bundles of axons traveling to and from the brain and spinal
cord.

Examples:
4.3.1) Neuron:
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
4.3.2) Neuroglia
Microglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
4.4 Function:
- Consists of neurons and neuroglia. Three primary functions: sensory
input, integration, and motor output.
Dendrites - carry information toward the cell body.
Cell body - contains the nucleus and other organelles.
Axon - conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
Microglia - are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and
spinal cord.
Astrocytes - are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes - are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system
(CNS).