VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"JNANA SANGAMA", BELAGAVI - 590018

TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

On
“Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System”

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by

MOUNIKA N
(1CD19CV021)

Under the Guidelines of

Prof. NAGENDRA N
Assistant professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering

Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING

CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

K R Puram, Bangalore - 560036
2022-2023
 CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
K.R. Puram, Bengaluru – 560036

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that MS. MOUNIKA N bearing USN 1CD19CV021, a bonafide student of
Cambridge Institute of Technology, has successfully completed Technical Seminar
entitled “Application of IoT in Traffic Management and Parking System” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for VIII semester in Civil Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during academic year 2022 - 2023. It is certified that
all Corrections / Suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report. The Technical seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of “Seminar” (18CVS84) prescribed for the Bachelor of
Engineering degree.

Seminar Guide, Seminar Coordinator, Head of the Department,

Prof. Nagendra N, Prof. Mahesh Kumar. S, Dr. Shankar B S
Dept. of CE, CITech Dept. of CE, CITech Dept. of CE, CITech
 DECLARATION

I am MOUNIKA N students of VIII semester B.E, Civil Engineering, Cambridge Institute

of Technology, hereby declare that the Technical Seminar entitled“Application of IoT in
Traffic Management and Parking System” has been carried out by me and submittedin final
fulfillment of the course requirements of VIII Semester in Civil Engineering as prescribed
by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2022–
2023.

I also declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the work reported here does not
include from part of any other report on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred
on an earlier occasion on this by any other student.

Date: Signature
Place: Bengaluru
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Shri. D. K. Mohan, Chairman,
Cambridge Group of Institutions, Bangalore, India for providing excellent Infrastructure and
Academic Environment at CITech without which this work would not have been possible.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. G. Indumathi, Principal, CITech, Bangalore, for providing me the
academic ambience and everlasting motivation to carry out this work and shaping our careers.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Shankar B. S., HOD, Dept. of Civil Engineering, CITech,
Bangalore, for his stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and motivation throughout the
course of present work.

I also wish to extend my thanks to Mr. Mahesh Kumar. S., Assistant Professor, Seminar
Coordinator, Dept. of CIVIL, CITech, Bangalore, for there critical, comments, guidance and
constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this work.

I also wish to extend my thanks to Prof. Nagendra N, Professor, Dept. of CIVIL,

CITech for his guidance and impressive technical suggestions to complete my seminar.

Finally, to all my friends, classmates who always stood by me in difficult situations also helped
me in some technical aspects and last but not the least I wish to express deepest sense of gratitude
to my parents who were a constant source of encouragement and stood by me as pillar of strength
for completing this work successfully.

MOUNIKA N
(1CD19CV021)
 LIST OF CONTENTS

Sl no Chapter Page no
1 Abstract 01
2 Introduction 02
3 Introduction to IoT and Working of IoT 03-04
4 Implementation of IOT in Civil Engineering areas identified 04-05

5 Objectives of traffic management and parking system 06

6 Challenges of traffic management and parking system 06-07
7 Countries that have implemented traffic management and parking syatem using 08
IoT
8 Implimention of traffic management and parking system using IoT in India 08
9 IoTproviding solution for the problem 09
10 Growth of Traffic management and parking system 10
11 Conclusions 11
 Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

ABSTRACT

In this fast-growing cities, the vehicle users increases exponentially and demanding more
parking space. In present smart phone encourages users to prefer mobile application to get solve
their problems. Growth of IOT has put a path for integration of mobile devices, wireless
communication technologies and mobile Applications. It provides a parking solution for both
the user and owner of the parking slots. Features are provided for reserving a parking slots,
authenticating a reserved user, identifying nearest parking slots depending on the size of the
vehicle, navigating to the parking slots and computes accounts information on day, week and
month basis. IR sensors are used to identify if there is a parking spot is free. Availability of a
free parking slot with its location information and petrol bunks, Shopping malls is transmitted
using GPS module technology, microcontroller and wireless communication technology to the
server and is retrieved though a mobile application.

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 Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

INTRODUCTION

A smart traffic management system is, where traffic is constrained by the administration
framework, which controls the traffic lights as per the continuous circumstance of traffic
moving from every extraordinary bearing in an intersection. This continuous information is
gathered from different sensors set at equivalent interims of separation at an intersection. This
information is gathered and brought to a control framework which independently ascertains the
ideal time for the arrival of the green sign to every specific heading in an intersection so as to
counteract traffic heaping upThe future roads will be able to manage traffic congestion much
better than today's networks.It has been imagined thatin a span of around 20 to 30 years the
existing traffic system would improve to an extent where cars can communicate with each other
without any human interaction to control the traffic. Hence travel could be made smoother and
safer.Sensors would be fitted in cars and these cars will be placed on the roads. These would
monitor traffic and send the information wirelessly to a "central traffic control system," a hub
that compiles data to feed back the information to vehicles on the road. For instance if there's
lots of traffic, the central traffic control system would be told over WiFi and they in turn react
by imposing speed limits that have to be followed by the vehicles in that congestion area. Since
millions of money is spent on traffic congestion every year, it has been estimated that, by the
implementation of smart transportation systems, the money spent will get reduced by at least
15% Smart city uses the information, communication and technologies to improve the
operational efficiency for the public, helps in accelerating towards the improvement quality of
life for citizens. Internet of Things (IOT), Automation, and Machine Learning are the emerging
trends which drive towards smart city adoption. Any city can be considered for smart city
initiative, by introducing system like, smart parking system uses a mobile app to help the
drivers to locate parking slots, smart traffic management to track and analyze the traffic
flows,Main purpose of smart parking system is to reduce time to locate the parking areas, hence
to it reduces fuel consumption. Sensors would be deployed in the parking area and through the
mobile app, user books for the parking slot and allows online payment option as well.

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 Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

Introduction to IOT
IOT stands for “Internet of Things”. It refers to the network of physical devices , vehicles ,
home appliances ,and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors and
connectivity, which allows them to connect and exchange data over the internet.

Fig :1
Working of IOT
IoT works through a combination of hardware and software components. At a high level, the
IoT system typically consists of the following components :
 IoT devices or sensors: These are physical devices or sensors that collect data and send
it to the cloud or a local gateway. Examples of IoT devices include smart thermostats,
smart watches, fitness trackers, and home security systems.
 Connectivity: IoT devices need to be connected to the internet or a local network to
send and receive data. Connectivity can be through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, or other
wireless or wired protocols.
 Cloud or local gateway: IoT devices typically send data to a cloud-based server or a
local gateway device that acts as an intermediary between the devices and the cloud.
The cloud or gateway can process the data, perform analytics, and send commands back
to the devices.

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 Data storage and processing: IoT generates large amounts of data, which needs to be
stored and processed. The cloud or local gateway typically provides storage and
processing capabilities.
 Applications: The data generated by IoT devices can be used to develop various
applications that can improve processes, efficiency, and decision-making.

Fig:2

Implementation of IOT in Civil Engineering areas identified

IoT has numerous applications in civil engineering, and some of the areas where IoT
has already been implemented include:
 Structural health monitoring: IoT sensors can be used to monitor the structural health
of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. Sensors can measure parameters such as
strain, temperature, and vibration, and send the data to a central system for analysis.
This can help detect potential issues before they become major problems, reducing
maintenance costs and improving safety.
 Traffic management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor traffic flow, collect data on
travel times, and detect accidents. This data can be used to optimize traffic signals and
improve road safety.

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Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

 Energy efficiency: IoT sensors can be used to monitor energy consumption in buildings
and other infrastructure. This can help identify areas where energy is being wasted and
optimize energy usage, resulting in cost savings and reduced carbon emissions.
 Water management: IoT sensors can be used to monitor water quality and detect leaks
in pipelines. This can help prevent water loss and improve the efficiency of water
distribution systems.
 Environmental monitoring: IoT sensors can be used to monitor environmental
parameters such as air quality, noise levels, and weather conditions. This data can be
used to improve urban planning and enhance public health and safety.

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Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

Objectives of traffic management:

 To reduce the number of accidents
 To ensure the smoothness of traffic movement
 To improve the movement of goods and humans
 To minimize the clash between vehicles and pedestrian
 To control and manage the car park
Objectives of smart parking system:
 To develop an user friendly automated car parking system which reduces the man power
and time saving
 To offer safe and secure parking slots with in limited area
 To reduce traffic mess caused by an unplanned parking system
 To help in creating a parking system much more efficient, systematic and reliable than
traditional parking system.
Traffic management challenges:
 Inability to utilize vehicles’ capacity:
It is one of the major problems that occur when you use a traditional transport system.
In that type of system, you have a team to look into vehicles’ details and decide which
type of products and number of products a vehicle can accommodate. Their estimations
might be wrong; in other words, a vehicle may accommodate more number of orders
 Inefficient route management:
Not able to manage routes efficiently can directly impact the time of delivering an
order.Moreover, it can also cause idling of engines (when a vehicle gets stuck in traffic
congestion), more driving time, and high vehicle maintenance cost.
 Inability to track consignments:
With a traditional transport system, you have to have a dedicated team that might need
to make hundreds of calls in a day to get an update on the status of the consignment.
 Increased transportation cost
Manual allocating orders need more manpower, manual route planning and
optimization can lead to frequent vehicle maintenance, high driving time, and delay in
delivery (which may cause RTO), and not using a vehicle’s capacity completely may
lead to the requirement of more vehicles from the market. All these problems together
cause an increase in the overall transportation cost.

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 Inability to deliver orders on time

Not being able to deliver orders on the given time is also one of the key transportation
woes. This directly impacts the customer experience.

Smart parking system challenges:

 Overpaying: Sometimes, drivers still determine how long they will stay in a particular
location. As a result, they may pay too much for parking while the duration may be
much lesser.
 Environmental impact: Besides time, a lot of fuel is consumed looking for an
appropriate parking space. When it rains, numerous pollutants accumulated in the
parking lots get a wash, creating dirty, wet mud and foul smells.
 Parking inappropriately: The parking lot at the mall or the customer's intended
destination is usually insufficient and they end up parking outside the designated spot.
It results in greater traffic congestion.
 Overcrowded parking spaces :The biggest issue right now is that there are more cars on
the road compared to the parking spots.
 Insufficient parking space utilization :People frequently lack patience or are unaware
of parking slot availability. They tend to park improperly due to the rush. Occasionally,
they may not leave enough room for other vehicles to park. These lead to traffic
blockages.

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 Application of IOT in Traffic Management and Parking System 2022-23

Countries that have implemented traffic management and parking syatem using IoT:
1.United States: Many cities in the US have implemented smart parking systems, including San
Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York. Traffic management systems are also used in many
cities to monitor and manage traffic flow.
2.United Kingdom: The UK has implemented smart parking systems in several cities, including
London, Manchester, and Brighton. Traffic management systems are also used in many cities
to manage traffic flow and reduce congestion.
3.Germany: Smart parking systems are used in many cities in Germany, including Berlin,
Munich, and Hamburg. Traffic management systems are also used to monitor and manage
traffic flow.
4.Singapore: Singapore has implemented a sophisticated traffic management system that
includes a network of cameras and sensors to monitor traffic flow and manage congestion.
5.China: Smart parking systems are widely used in China, particularly in large cities like
Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Traffic management systems are also used to monitor
traffic flow and reduce congestion.
6.Australia: Smart parking systems are used in many cities in Australia, including Sydney,
Melbourne, and Perth. Traffic management systems are also used to manage traffic flow and
reduce congestion.
7.Netherlands: The Netherlands has implemented smart parking systems in several cities,
including Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Traffic management systems are also used to manage
traffic flow and reduce congestion.

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Implimention of traffic management and parking system using IoT in India

India has made some progress in implementing traffic management and smart parking systems
in certain cities, but the overall implementation is still in its early stages.
Some of the major cities in India, such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Chennai, have
implemented some form of traffic management and smart parking systems. For example, the
Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has implemented a smart
parking system in some parts of the city, and Bangalore has implemented a traffic management
system called the Intelligent Transport System (ITS).
However, the implementation of these systems in India is still limited, and there are many
challenges that need to be addressed, such as the lack of infrastructure, limited resources, and
the need for better coordination between different agencies and departments.
The Indian government has launched several initiatives and programs to promote the adoption
of smart transportation systems, such as the Smart Cities Mission and the Bharatmala
Pariyojana, which aim to improve the transportation infrastructure and promote the use of
technology for traffic management and smart parking.
Overall, while India has taken some steps towards implementing traffic management and smart
parking systems, there is still a long way to go to achieve widespread adoption and integration
of these systems across the country.

Iot providing solution for the problem:

The Internet of Things (IoT) can provide solutions for many problems related to traffic
management and smart parking. IoT refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, and
sensors that are connected to the internet and can exchange data with each other.
Here are some ways IoT can provide solutions for traffic management and smart parking
problems:
1.Real-time monitoring: IoT sensors can be installed in streets, parking lots, and vehicles to
monitor traffic flow and occupancy in real-time. This data can be used to optimize traffic flow
and parking allocation, reducing congestion and improving the overall transportation
efficiency.
2.Predictive maintenance: IoT sensors can be used to monitor the condition of vehicles, roads,
and parking infrastructure, enabling predictive maintenance to prevent breakdowns and reduce
downtime.
3.Dynamic pricing: IoT sensors can be used to dynamically adjust parking prices based on
occupancy, demand, and other factors, incentivizing drivers to park in less congested areas and
reducing traffic in high-demand areas.
4.Autonomous vehicles: IoT sensors can enable communication between autonomous vehicles
and other connected devices, optimizing traffic flow and reducing accidents.
5.Data analytics: IoT data can be analyzed using advanced analytics techniques to identify
patterns, trends, and anomalies, enabling better decision-making and more effective traffic
management.

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Growth of Traffic management and parking system

The growth of traffic management and smart parking systems technologies is expected to
continue in future generations as cities and urban areas face increasing traffic congestion and
parking challenges.
With the rapid growth of urban populations and the increasing number of cars on the road,
cities need effective ways to manage traffic flow and alleviate congestion. Smart traffic
management systems use sensors, cameras, and other technology to monitor traffic conditions
in real-time, enabling city officials to make data-driven decisions to optimize traffic flow and
reduce congestion. These systems can also help to improve safety and reduce emissions by
reducing the amount of time cars spend idling in traffic.
Similarly, smart parking systems use sensors and other technology to help drivers find available
parking spaces more easily. These systems can reduce congestion by reducing the amount of
time drivers spend circling for a parking spot, and they can also help to reduce emissions by
reducing the amount of time cars spend idling while searching for a spot.
In the future, we can expect these technologies to become even more advanced and widespread.
With the increasing availability of 5G networks and the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT),
we can expect more sensors and devices to be deployed to monitor traffic and parking
conditions. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms will also be used to analyze
the data collected by these systems, enabling even more effective decision-making and
optimization of traffic and parking.
Overall, the growth of traffic management and smart parking systems technologies will be
essential for creating more livable and sustainable cities in the future.

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Conclusion
1. Nowadays, Traffic congestion is the important issue in the case of transport system in the
countries which are still developing. This allows rise in fuel expenditure and also leads to air
contamination.
2. The combination of technology of computer vision with that of IoT aids in building
intelligent system that can control traffic in an efficient way.
3. A few effective traffic system networks are built which gives drivers with real-time update
about the state of roads through a website.
4. IoT rooted smart roads improve commuting time, safety on road and decrease traffic jams.
These systems can be executed using any complex algorithms.
These system set up costs less and they are movable systems which leads to reduced traffic
crowding. The mechanized system decreases time spent by travellers on the traffic signals and
also decreases traffic crowding on busy roads.
5. IOT based smart parking system has been proposed which integrates several physical devices
to check the parking slot availability.
6. Mobile app allows the user to locate and reserve a parking slot in online, navigation from
entrance gate to available parking slot is also the proposed system reduces the driver’s effort
and time to search parking space. Prototype is built for single storage parking slot, but this
model can be extended for multi storage parking space.

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