BMCG1113 Statics

1 General Principles
Masni-Azian Akiah, PhD
010-371 7277
masni.azian@utem.edu.my
 TEACHING PLAN
WEEK CHAPTER REMARK WEEK CHAPTER REMARK
1 Chapter 1: Maulidur Rasul 9 Chapter 6:
General Principles (9/10) Structural Analysis
10
Assignment
Chapter 2:
Force Vectors 11
12 Chapter 7: Krismas
2 Friction (25/12)
Chapter 3:
13 New Year
Equilibrium of a Particle (1/1)
14 Chapter 8: Quiz 3
3 Chapter 4: Deepavali Centre of Gravity and
(24/10) Due submission
Force System Resultants Centroid
of assignment
4 Quiz 1 15
5 Chapter 5: 16 Study Week
Equilibrium of a Rigid
6 Body Quiz 2

7
EXAM 17-18
FINAL
8 Mid-Semester Break
EXAM
GENERAL PRINCIPLES

❑ Introduction
❑ Mechanics
❑ Fundamental concepts
❑ Unit of Measurements
❑ The International System of Units
❑ Numerical Calculation
❑ General Procedure for Analysis
1 2 Introduction
Consider the TWO scenarios.

WHAT happen?

WHY it happen?
1 2 Mechanics
Engineering Mechanics
The study of Newtonian physics to
objects/systems/structure which
resulted to motion, deformation and
failure.

Example:
If the ultimate strength of aluminium
can is 15 MPa, what is the possible
punching pressure at situation 1?
(A) 20 MPa (B) 10 MPa

If the ultimate strength of aluminium

can is 15 MPa, what is the possible
punching pressure at situation 2?
(A) 20 MPa (B) 10 MPa
 Mechanics
External
force Engineering Mechanics
The study of Newtonian physics to
objects/systems/structure which
resulted to motion, deformation and
failure.

System Statics
is a branch of engineering mechanics
when:
Internal ❑ The object is NOT MOVING,
force OR
❑ The object MOVE AT CONSTANT
OBJECT/
Deformed VELOCITY (ZERO ACCELERATION)
BODY
body
This can only be achieved when all the
forces are in equilibrium.
Fundamental Concept
Idealization
Models used to simplify the theory application.
1 Particle
A particle:
• Has a mass
• Its size can be neglected
Example:
Size of the soda can is
insignificant to the size of the
earth. So, the soda can be
modelled as a particle.
2 Rigid Body
Example:
Steel ball
F
Rigid body 3 Concentrated
• Combination of large number of particles Force
which remain at a fixed distance before
and after the load is applied. Concentrated force
• Relatively small deformation. • Represents the loading at a point on a
• In calculation, we neglect the body provided that the contact area is
deformation aspect. VERY SMALL compared to the overall
size of the body.
Example:
Steel is an example of a rigid material which Example:
does not deform under high load. Contact force between the wheel and the
ground.
Fundamental Concept
Newton’s Law

Two laws governing engineering

mechanics problem:

❑ Newton’s law of motion

(1st, 2nd and 3rd law)

❑ Newton’s law of gravitational

acceleration.
Fundamental Concept
Newton’s Law of Motion

First Law Second Law Third Law

An object at rest will External

remain at rest, until force
it is subjected to an
unbalanced force. Internal
force

An object moving in a If a body experience an unbalanced force

straight line with F, the body will accelerate (a) in the same
constant velocity will direction of the force and a magnitude The action force and its
remain in that state, directly proportional to the force.
reaction between two
until it is subjected to particles are EQUAL,
an unbalanced force. OPPOSITE, and
More unbalanced force resulted to more
COLLINEAR.
acceleration.
Fundamental Concept
Newton’s Law of Gravitational Acceleration
Mass of
particle, m BUT, in the case of particle located
F F near the surface of the earth:
𝑚𝑀
𝐹=𝐺 2
𝑟
Newton formulated a law which stated = 𝑚𝑔
that there are gravitational attraction,
F between two particles. GM
mass of the g=
Mass of r2
particles
Earth, M

𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
distance Try to calculate the value of g.
universal constant between the
of gravitation particles
= 66.73 x 10-12 m3/kg.s 2
Fundamental Concept
Newton’s Law of Gravitational Acceleration

Example
Two particles in space have a mass of 8 kg and 12 kg, respectively. If they are 800
mm apart, determine the force of gravity acting between them.
Fundamental Concept
Newton’s Law of Gravitational Acceleration

Example
An object on earth have a mass of 8 kg. Determine the weight of the object on
earth.
Units of Measurements
Basic quantities • LENGTH
Quantities used in mechanics. Describe position or distance between to points.
Force SI unit : meter (m)
(N) time (s)
• TIME
Duration between events.
SI unit: second (s)

• MASS
length
(m)
Gravitational attraction between two-bodies.
SI unit: kilogram (kg)

• FORCE
“Push” or “pull” effect exerted by one body to another.
SI unit: kgm/s2 = newton (N)
mass
(kg)
The International System of Units
Prefixes
When the quantity is either too large
or too small, then the quantity can be
modified using prefixes.

Example

0.000000097 N too small

98742602200000 N too large

Using prefixes:

0.0000000097 N = 9.7 x 10-9 N = 9.7 nN

98726000 N = 98.726 x 106 N = 98.726 MN

The International System of Units
Prefixes
Example
Evaluate the following and express
each answer in Sl units using an
appropriate prefix.

354 mg (45 km) / (0.0356 kN)

Numerical Calculations
Important consideration when solving the calculations in engineering mechanics

Dimensional Significant Figures Rounding Off Numbers

Homegeneity
• Number ending with ≥ 5, round up.
• Ensure consistent 4981
1 2 3 4
4 significant figures • Number ending with < 5, round down.
use of unit for each
Example: Round off the numbers below
term. • If 0 occur at the end the number: to three significant figures.
• Use SI unit during 3 significant figures
calculation is 23.4x103
recommended.
23400 23.40x103 4 significant figures
5 significant figures
3.5587 = 3.56
9.8366 = 9.84
We can represent this 23.400x103
using engineering
notation to avoid
Example: ambiguities

velocity
acceleration Calculations
(m/s2)
(m/s)
• If 0 occur in the beginning of the number:
1 2
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
DO NOT round off
2 0.00821 8.21x10-3
3 significant figures the calculation until
The zeros are not
length significant… so, this is
time
(m) (s)
best expressed in
engineering notation the final result.
General Procedure for Analysis
1 Read the problem carefully.
Relate the case with the theory.

2 Tabulate the problem data.

Draw any necessary diagram.

3 Apply the principle in mathematical form.

Make sure the equations are dimensionally
homogenous.

4 Solve the equation.

Final answer should not be more than three-
significant figures.

5 Evaluate the answer with technical judgement or

COMMON SENSE.