(RIGHT HAND SIDE –RULED PAGE OF OBS.

NOTE)
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
AIM: To Separate the colored compound in the mixture of inksily
ascending paper chromatography and find their Rf values.
THEORY:
Chromatography is a modern technique used for the separation
of components of a mixture and purification of compounds. This
technique is based on the differential migration of individual
components of a mixture through a stationary phase under the
influence of moving phase.
In paper chromatography, a special adsordent paper is used as a
stationary phase and the solvent as a moving phase. The mixture to
be separate is put at one end of the paper strip as a small spot and
then placed in a container with suitable solvents. The solvent rises up
the paper due to capillary action and the components of the mixture
rise up at different rates and then get separated from one another .
Rf value repreresents retention factor and is defined as the ratio
of the distance travelled by the component from the origin to the
distance moved up by the solvent from the same point. Rf depends on
the nature of the substance and solvent, temperature, quality of the
fitter paper used and presence of impurities.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Glass jar, filter paper strip, fine capillary tube.
CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
Mixture to red and blue inks, alcohol and distilled water.
PROCEDURE:
Take a fitter paper strip (20*2cm) and draw a line with pencil
about 3cm from one end.
Put a drop of the mixture of red and green inks at the point O
using fine capillary tube. Let it dry in air.
Put another drop on the same spot and dry again.
Repeat 2-3 times so that the spot is rich in the mixture.
 Suspend the filter paper vertically in a gas jar containing solvent
in such a way that the spot remains 2cm above the solvent level.
Cover the jar and keep it undisturbed. After the solvent has
risen about 15cm, the two different spots of green and red colors on
the fitter paper are formed.
Take the filter paper out of the jar and mark the distance that the
solvent has risen on the paper with the pencil.
Dry the paper and put pencil marks in the center of the blue and
red spots.
Measure the distance of the two spots from the original line and
the distance of the solvent fro, the original line.
Calculate the Rf values of green and red inks by using the formula,
Rf = Distance travelled by the solute from the original line
Distance travelled by the solvent from the original line

RESULT:
Rf value of red ink =
Rf value of green ink =

PRECAUTIONS:
Use good quality pencil for drawing the reference line.
Always make use of fine capillary tube.
Keep the jar undisturbed and covered during the experiment.
A Spot should be small and rich in mixture.
Allow the spot to dry before putting the strip in the jar.
Keep the strip erect. Don’t let it to be curled.
Don’t allow the spot to dip in the solvent.