GLASS

AS A BUILDING
MATERIAL
SUBMITTED BY –

• LUBNA PARVEEN
• SANA SARTAJ
• SAUD AHMED
INTRODUCTION

• Glass, an inorganic solid material that is

usually transparent or translucent as well
as hard, brittle, and impervious to the
natural elements.
• Glass has been made into practical and
decorative objects since ancient times,
and it is still very important in
applications as disparate as building
construction, housewares, and
telecommunications.
Composition
 Properties
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
• Density : 2500 kg/m3
• Hardness : 470 HK
• Compression resistance : 800 - 1000 MPa
• Modulus of elasticity : 70 000 Mpa
• Bending strength : 45 MPa

THERMAL PROPERTIES
• Transformation range : 520 - 550°C
• Temp & Softening temperature : approx. 600°C
• Specific Heat : 0.8 J/g/K
• Thermal conductivity : 0.8W/mK
• Thermal expansion : 9.10-6 K-1
 PROS AND CONS PROS
OF OVERALL
Easily Molded.
GLASSES
•
• Visible transmittance.
• Weather and Rust Resistance.
• Excellent insulator against
electricity.
• Recyclable.
CONS • Adds to the beauty of the
structure.
• Easily breakable.
• Unsafe for earthquake
proven areas.
• Heat Absorbent.
• Increase in the cost of
security.
• Increase in the overall cost
of the building.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF
GLASSES
• FROASTED GLASS
• SELF CLEANING GLASS
• WIRED GLASS
• ANNEALED GLASS
• FIGURED GLASS
• TINTED GLASS
• GLASS BRICK
• REFLECTED GLASS
FROSTED
GLASS
WHAT IS FROSTED
GLASS?
• A frosted glass is a type of glass that is
manufactured by sandblasting or acid
etching a sheet of clear float glass.
• This process creates a pitted surface on
one side of the clear glass pane.
• Due to this surface, light gets scattered
when passing through frosted glass,
thereby giving it a translucent appearance.
 Different kinds of frosting are available to suit different purposes.

Permanent frosting – Ultrafine frosting -

Achieved by painting the Achieved by applying a
glass surface with white warm mixture of Epsom
and oil. salt and gum Arabic.

Temporary frosting – Where a piece of marble is first

dipped into glass cutter, sharp sand, is subsequently
moistener with water, and then rubbed over the glass.
 PROS AND CORNS OF FROSTED GLASS

PROS

• Sound-proof effect is good.

• High degree of safety
• Protection of privacy
• Can not longer be cut and reprocessed
• It is possible for frosted glass to explode spontaneously
when the temperature difference varies greatly.
• The surface of frosted glass will be uneven and slightly
thinner. Therefore, frosted glass can not be used as
mirror

CORNS
 APPLICATIONS OF FROSTED GLASS

BEDROOM
KITCHEN GARDEN

ATTIC

OFFICE DOORS HOME LIBRARY

WASHROOMS
SELF CLEANING
GLASS
 WHAT IS SELF
CLEANING GLASS ?
• Self cleaning glass is clear float glass with a
pyrolytic coating.
• It works in two stages:-
• Firstly, the coating reacts with UV light rays and
breaks down organic dirt
• Secondly, when rain lands on the glass, washing
away the loose dirt and drying without spotting
duo to hydrophilic properties
• Typical products are Active and Radiance.
• The coating can also be combined with a Low E
coating on surface 2 such as Radiance Tit.
HOW DOES SELF-CLEANING
GLASS WORK?
• The titanium dioxide coating cleans through a
double-whammy,
• two-stage process:
• it's photocatalytic (light-activated) and hydrophilic
(water-loving)

Light-activated
• Titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst: it's a material that
makes chemical reactions happen when the right kind
of light shines on it

Water-loving
• Glass is usually hydrophobic or "water hating": water
dropped onto glass tends to "bead" (form droplets),
while rain runs down windows in noticeable rivulets,
leaving dirty streaks as it goes
PROS AND CORNS OF SELF CLEANING GLASS

PROS
• Self-cleaning windows look great and the coating is
meant to keep working for the lifetime .
• They save time and money.
• Help to avoid the risk of accidents.
• With heat-reflecting inner coatings for improved
energy efficiency.

• About 15–20 percent more costly than conventional

glazing.
• Since the self-cleaning process happens slowly.
• Another problem is the cleaning process relies on
sunlight and rain.
CORNS
WIRED GLASS
WHAT IS WIRED
GLASS ?
• Also known as Georgian wired glass.
• Steel wire mesh is placed in the glass
during the manufacturing process.
• The wire mesh act as reinforcement
• Prevents fire emergency
• More fire resistance
• More durable
 APPLICATIONS OF WIRED GLASS

On Front Door On Windows

SIZE AND THICKNESS On Fire Exit Doors

• It is available in thickness from 6mm to 9mm.
• Standard size of glass sheets is 1370mm x 1370mm .
• The maximum size of wired glass sheet available is 1981mm x
25490 mm.
PROS AND CONS PROS
OF WIRED • It has high resistance to thermal and electric shock as
GLASS compared to float glass.

• Wired glass is less expensive as compared to other safety

glass such as laminated glass, so it is used as a cheaper fire-
rated glass or cheaper safety glass.

• Wired glass can also be used in the

CONS form of tinted glass and patterned
glass. Hence it can also impart
decorative aesthetic to the windows.
• If a clear view is desired, wired glass cannot be used
as wires in the glass obstructs and distorts the view.

• Wired glass does not have high durability in areas

which are exposed to more rain and humidity, as
the wire in the glass will rust eventually.
ANNEALED
GLASS
WHAT IS
ANNEALED GLASS?
• Float glass(also called “flat” glass) that has not
been heat-strengthened or tempered is
“annealed glass.” Annealing float glass is the
process of controlled cooling to prevent
residual stress in the glass and is an inherent
operation of the float glass manufacturing
process. Annealed glass can be cut, machined,
drilled, edged and polished.
APPLICATIONS OF ANNEALED GLASS

Bathroom
Shower
Walls
SHELVIES
GLASS
RALLING
Partitions
or Wall
Dividers

As fixtures
 PROS AND CORS PROS
OF ANNEALED • Heat-strengthened glass is twice as
GLASS strong as annealed glass while fully
tempered glass has typically four to
six times the strength of annealed
glass
• residual stress in the edge and glass
CORS surface

• Toughened glass must be cut to size or

pressed to shape before toughening
and cannot be re-worked once
toughened.
• Polishing the edges or drilling holes in
the glass is carried out before the
toughening process starts.
• Because of the balanced stresses in the
glass, damage to the glass will
eventually result in the glass shattering
into thumbnail-sized pieces.
FIGURED
GLASS
WHAT IS
FIGURED GLASS?
• It is a decorative and translucent
glass with figures or patterns on
one face. In addition to diffusing
light and obstructing visibility from
the outside, the figures soften the
interior lighting. This type of glass is
usually more fragile and less
convenient to clean.
APPLICATIONS OF FIGURED GLASS

KITCHEN FURNITURE
DOORS AND WINDOWS

KICHEN SLAVES PARTITION WALLS AND

GLAZED DOORS
 PROS AND CONS OF FIGURED GLASS

PROS
• Budget friendly
• Strong against wind and heat changes
• Allows full light transmission
• Superior visibility
• Available in opaque and different tones

• Breaks into large irregular shapes

• Can only be used for limited sizes due to its strength

CORNS
TINTED
GLASS
TINTED GLASS
• It is normal glass that is colored by the
addition of metal oxides into molten
glass. Tinted glass possesses filtering
properties that help reduce eyestrain due
to dazzle. Its absorption properties help
diminish energy transmissions when
exposed to sunlight. Tints like green
allows more visible light and cut out
infrared radiation.
• Variations in the thickness of the glass
would yield different performance in
terms of light and solar radiation
transmission. Although darker shades
reduce the amount of heat being
transmitted to the interiors, they also
reduce the amount of transmitted
daylight.
GLASS PARTITIONS WINDOW AND CURTAIN WALLS SPANDREL GLASS
APPLICATION
OF
TINTED
GLASS
DOOR GLAZING SKYLIGHTS GLASS FLOORS

BALUSTRADES AUTOMOTIVE GLASS DECORATIVE CRAFTS

 PROS AND CONS
OF TINTED
GLASS
CONS
• Less effective at night: while tinted windows
provide great daytime privacy, people can still see
into your home at night if you have lights on in a
room.
• Colder in winter: because tinted windows reduce
the amount of sunlight that enters your home, they
can also make your home colder in winter.
• Financial investment: even though tinting the
windows in your home can yield many benefits
over time, it can still require an initial financial
investment.
PROS
• Privacy: a well-applied window tint can make it
very difficult for anyone to see into your home
during daylight hours, which gives you the
freedom to enjoy natural light.
• Temperature: many window tints reflect a
certain amount of light, which can keep your
home cooler.
• Longer-lasting furniture: tinted windows can
block incoming ultra-violet (UV) light that can
damage your furniture.
• Lower energy bills: window tinting can result in
significant cost savings when it comes to heating
and cooling your home.
GLASS BRICKS
 WHAT IS GLASS
BRICK?

• Glass bricks also known as glass

blocks are hollow solid
translucent architectural items
manufactured from glass. Glass
blocks are widely used by people
in their homes and offices as
they look good and are cost
effective.
• Glass bricks are available in many
different styles and colours,
which make it easy to match it
with the overall decor of the
room or exterior where they are
to be installed.
 Installation
• One important factor to consider is that glass block is NOT load bearing. There needs to be structural
support below, above, and on both sides of the glass block panel, in addition to any necessary anchors or
reinforcing rods.
• There are three basic methods of glass block construction:
1)standard mortar 2) mortar with plastic connectors 3) mortar-less channel

• Steps
1. 2. 3. 4.
In The Home In The Bathroom Open Planned Office

APPLICATION OF GLASS BRICK

In The Kitchen As curved walls

PROS AND CONS PROS
OF GLASS • Glass blocks permits natural gentle to
BRICK cross.
• It provides privacy.
• Is available in a wide range of options.
• Also, provides safety.
• It provides tolerance.
• It provides good thermal and sound
insulation.
• They are extremely resistant.
CONS

• There is corrosion due to alkali

solution.
• They are brittle.
• Unsafe for earthquake-prone areas.
• Expensive
REFLECTIVE GLASS
 What is Reflective glass?
• A metallic coating is applied to one side of the glass in order to significantly increase the
amount of reflection by the glass of both the visible and infrared (light and heat) range of the
electromagnetic spectrum. This metallic coating can be applied to clear or body tinted glass.
• The reflective glass imparts a mirror like appearance to the exterior of buildings under most
daytime conditions. Due to the coating of metal oxides on the glass, they are widely applied
as an aesthetic product in buildings for its highly reflective surface and its wide palette of
colors.
 APPLICATION OF REFLECTIVE GLASS
• Application in Exteriors: At shop fronts and commercial frontages, where vision is
important, particularly at night-time (panoramic restaurants, air traffic control towers,
petrol station windows) etc.
• Application in Interiors: For high quality picture framing, display cabinets and interior
display windows, for dividing screens in cinema projection rooms, television studios,
machine control rooms etc.
PROS AND CONS
OF REFLECTIVE PROS
GLASS • Privacy - As it reflects natural light,
reflective glass provides privacy in
commercial and residential buildings
• Glare Control - It reduces glare from
direct sun, which eliminates the need
for blinds and other window coverings
CONS • Visual Appearance -The appearance of
the reflective glass on your building’s
• Visibility - The visible light exterior will change as the light source
transmission is less than float changes from morning to evening
glass. So more artificial lighting
should be used inside the
buildings for adequate lightings
• Heat Sensitivity - In winters, it can
block the essential solar heat. So,
we may have to spend more
amount on room heating during
winters
CUTTING TOOL OF GLASS
• Hardness refers to the resistance of certain mineral to scratching. It is a property by
which minerals may be described relative to a standard scale of 10 minerals known as
the Moh’s scale of hardness.

Why is diamond used for cutting glass?

• Since diamonds are the hardest known substance having hardness set to 10,
while glass which are used on windows have a hardness of 5.5. What this means
is that any material which has hardness within a range from 5.5 to 10 can be
used to cut glass. And diamonds being the hardest substance can precisely and
accurately cut glass in any desired shape or form.
CASE STUDY

Project: Supreme HQ Location
: Pashan, Pune
Product : Reflective Glass
Project: Cummins Location :
Balewadi, Pune Product :
Reflective and Tinted Glass
 Project: Kakade Bizcon Mall Location :
Project: Suratwalla Location :
Shivaji Nagar, Pune
Hinjewadi, Pune
Product : Reflective Glass
Product : Reflective Glass
Project: RNA Corporate Location : Project: General Electric Location :
Mumbai Chakan, Pune
Product : Reflective Glass Product : Reflective Glass
Project: Raheja Location : Project: Dainik Bhaskar Location :
Hyderabad Raipur
Product : Reflective Glass Product : Reflective Glass
Project: JSCA International Cricket Stadium, Project: JSCA International Cricket Stadium,
South Pavilion North Pavilion
Location : Ranchi Location : Raipur
Product : Tinted Glass Product : Reflective Glass
Project: Crystal IT Park Project: Ahluwalia Chambers
Location : Indore Location : Raipur
Product : Reflective Glass Product : Tinted Glass
 Glass Canopy
• Used at the entrance of a home or building front
• Offers protection from sun and rain
• Combines design and style which gives your house a
makeover
• Reduces the transmission of UV rays
• Laminated and Toughened glass solutions are used for the
application of Glass Canopy

Shower Cubicle
• Creates a unique and separate bathing space
• Makes the bathroom look sleek and stylish
• Space saving design
• Frosted glass solutions are used for the application of a
Shower cubicle
Infinity
Infinity Pool

• An aesthetic and secure glass solution for pools

Pool • Creates a visual effect of water with no boundary

Pergolas

• Protects from the sunlight and rain

Pergolas
• Makes the exterior space look spacious
Reflective are used for Pergolas
 Glass Floor Skylight
• Allows maximum natural light
• Adds a style statement in a functional manner
• Reduces energy consumption
• Increases the interior’s visual appeal

• Strong flooring material

• Complements the interiors with variety of styles
• Used for residential and commercial spaces

Tempered glass are used for the application

of Glass Floor Reflective glass are used for the application
of Skylights
Glass Furniture

• Gives a contemporary elegance to the interiors

• Keeps the interiors stylish and spacious
• Gives a unique style statement to the furniture

Tempered glass are used for the application of Glass furniture

 Glass Railing

• Ensure safety & security

• Complements the interiors with style
• Easy Installation
• Creates a modern appearance

Toughened glass solutions are used for the application of Glass Railing
PARTITIONS

Frosted glass ensures privacy whereas Printed glass gives a colourful and

cutting-edge look to the space.

CONFERENCE ROOM

Automatic Frosted Glass ensures privacy at the flick of a switch and reduces the external
noise.
TABLE TOPS

Tempered Glass is 5-6 times stronger than ordinary glass and

lowers the risk of breakage.
Table tops glass gives an attractive look.
 STAIRWAYS

Toughened and Laminated Glass give added strength, require minimal support and are also durable in nature. Glass

enhances the look of your space.

 LIFT WALLS

Lift walls are the 1st thing your visitors will notice. Coloured glass
helps us in creating an ever- lasting impression.
RECEPTION DESK

A stylish glass reception desk is all your visitors need to see when they first enter the office.

Coloured glass helps you achieve that appearance.

DATA SERVER ROOM

Fire resistant glass Ensure safety in case of fire

outbreak for data server rooms.
 WRITING BOARD
Coloured glass not only gives a trendy look to your office but also provides with high-quality
finish and is easy to maintain.
 Conclusion Of Case Study
• Glass is a material with different properties and uses
• It has represented architecture with several possibilities for
both internal and external designs
• Glass has evolved to be one of the most important
materials in architecture.
• Glass is one such contemporary material that not only
gives aesthetic appeal but is also highly durable in
nature. It provides added functionalities such as safety,
security, privacy and so on based on the applications.
• Beautifying your space with colored glass makes it more
appealing to your employees as well as customers.
VIDEO OF
GLASS
CUTTING
Glass Manufacturers In India
• Asahi India Glass Ltd
• AIS India Glass
• Asahi Techno Glass
• Ise Chemical Industries
• Asahi Fiber
• Optrex Corp.
• Modi Guard
• Asahi Glass Foundation
• AGC Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
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THANK YOU