ait) We)DEFINITIONS Open space can be defined as land and water in an urban area that is eigen Acme me iC teem ee me cole) RC eM aL) urban area (© \°, 1980). Been cece act hates crea a aed PRC RUE RU eR Ce cea and CMa Te eee ae eng ase Cee TOR UTM eee Rae Cem Sere PcPro ne CRE el) be fluid to the extent that the city can flow into the park and the park een utes Open space has also been described from a user’s point of view as Pen eR eek orel eaC cu as eee Oe EES cee asl ear GRC tad eTINTRODU TION eee eid SNC VE Ls oem Lela esse fey ate Ra aL een are But habitat values and ecological quality of these areas are often challenged by consecutive urbanization. ie neue ee eC Cem ee be TRU Tienel ia storia tla Open spaces (natural or man made) contribute to the quality of life in CL a a Cee ee Era ela eee eee Me a eee Eel ecole 1d esau eee a LeeLee eel URLS] eae EUR el tc O (Cees ot aie cre ae ee cee ccd MR RVcs mckent cy RU MMIC rete ee h Renan CuTHE BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF OPEN SPACES fe ee eee Ua ees lace oLes Le coR oo a aes oe PR Cueto LE se) ay 2. is ecologically significant, CR oe lees olA) 4. fostering community development and 5. is supportive of economic objectives and activities, Gea ae ete eee acae nee Rech sank eanec] Pea A kc ee el ee CUCU MT Mi el ee ee UMC ce LL value in that of environmental enhancement. See (20) ole ae eee including trees and other features, as: Sen eek Cuenta it ce aen ceca of worth; Exercising to stay physically fit. SEA Uae os Cel eeu Le PeesCea eee creer Genk aie use Ca Enhancing a feeling of family kinship or solidarity; BE To ae Med mena ees Lee OM Cel (Teed POM eae ote nea tokestaittis oa ee eee Re mie Le ee eed) more structured home and work environment eens el Applying and developing creative abilities; Learning more about nature, especially natural processes, man’s Cerrar aied YR Rie a OM Rec) Om La a LL Exploring and being stimulated, especially as a means of coping with rea a Pee rue aC eR CRORE n CR ct Reel Replenishing adaptive energies and abilities by temporarily escaping Ele eta er me eee eee al) home, neighborhood and work environments.UR ue et UL Rel la ELC] Ay Pee Cea ece ee uc getetr tia tae ee Cry ae or cus neu enue eu ree mC RUM ce cae me nese mel} Pie ace cnenaueaean er Sa CE EEN See ea eC te atta eeu AR a ea eee cL) Era Me tenr ieee Cad ee-lee sr ete et) Vee) RT Clea et such as football, cricket, hockey and other games, whereas passive crag de MRC Colum COM ust Lame Ladi eC cl @g 1 Cola TST] (odo le ee ee eeeeae Mae acer CUE i a ha ace which often makes use of open spaces, has developed in recent years and is Plt MUL MeL Rel lcs sol Freee mec m cel [Rel oat ty ra eae kek re nce Hi ae a acess ie ameter ETT Miivel-1s)-1 el 119 ile Pere ele Gel eee a BU reget Mee meme ese ete lane) lla aM ole tell elle) can be seen from many examples. When the project ‘Learning se en oe acer terme nice tate ect] CUT Cale ate eer la fol comet totoso] te) als (a POU UN aN RCL Se Raa Cason tale tet eel Cleese eee ee Le ee schools with 216 pupils identified that the children found the tarmac and concrete to be boring and that children wanted to have trees, grass and opportunities to develop imaginative play en CU mele ce cee ice a ete eee lice Cueme see Seale lam lees eR Re tt Cleese lac umd Lorre agar alata) eGela ee eee ee) ee eda Le Sa oe ee Re eke DR a Oe ete ee ean neue citi eter fea CU mL a Lele toe a ele fee ramen eee loETe Reels ile ee eR Cee eee eee ate cy Cac EN acti ce trey it fields that are designed and maintained in a suitable manner In addition it would be beneficial to link the use of open spaces in with sports Programmes. Se atl See tee tet Enea Cm Cem) Bsfo.ctat ey al tebe Re ee ee REL a ae because they provide environmental benefits. in siting early settlements across the world mankind knew and Tele ee aC eC te he Lee eta Re Ae uC eC Un aed Se eee a) Teer) (Morcos-Asaad, 1978); Carte elem eee ey cee ale) eae lacy benefits, such as mitigating urban heat island (UHI) as well as air and water Cai Reaaua al 8 Prac er)aie aie the economic benefits of open space ATE eee ome) seh eC Ce oa) Melee Lame) ae ed difficult to calculate because it is a classic public good, where there is DMUs le ee a eC RU ce eC UCR ry fo) Ce Mel MeL) else) UEC amet LU eI ed en eee ee eee (Cotes item are el RY Um Cail ed to four key categories: eee eee Shee ack Cunt cck cir) have positive impact on property values, but this is largely dependent on SUR me CUES eRe cURL elo Pee ea ee alt een cntige re ree et] eee CUR tem ee Ui lad) Mu eLUECec ea eRe Rear eur cle eee ele tei Letaate=] significant influence on neighboring property values and medium Sized, attractive parks exhibited a positive, but not statistically significant, effect. Basic parks, on the other hand, were found to have a negative and statistically significant impact on neighboring property values. eee nee eerie ecg values associated with an open space are likely to vary, depending on its development potential - permanently protected open space may be WV eRe CM nee LU essen anc taeele] oR Meebo (o)s lle RR Ud MMe Colca os ag es BL eeuCoployment opportunites Green spaces in urban areas can provide Opportunities for community involvement that can in turn help to eu eee Se Rel communities to develop skills new to themselves. eee Rae este eel eee eel ela cn ols local people and their daily life but can also be used as regional or national attractions for tourists.| Open space typologies Reece ale may ely tee le) eet eeu eee tre Leland | authorities to differentiate various types of open spaces . ; ie CME ECS DONC eto Corer Cees stelle RCL umes ema Ut) ! Poe ee tM ene ee PEEL mh Cen eae MR elle eT) ey Sielettt Melt ere Rr eee UE eh eR el ee ECs cna eae tC eR mets nr cart) aan SME terrors at erika sels Domestic urban open spaces are those open spaces in the urban eh eee sm eR ol ML LL ods Rag ECM Te Re Ma eee ee cee Le mela aL cee Ee Lu RRs CRU eisai Mate with the home because they are the physical setting within which the Dae le Oe Cle eC me Stealer OTe tu Pe amen este ea eee macro ce ys or perhaps a group of bungalows for the elderly. Community gardens are thus shared physically but the use of them may not be a shared i et Re Rea cePee Rs esr) illo gaterel MO ldo ee) s a [eee Le elt Rule ele aed arta) mM may ORE) Maes eel ae la) Be Te Mote) At Tm Cel) ie es ale ees Cee CU Melt ol elas ake Lae ee This means that to use neighborhood urban open spaces one has to make a very specific decision to do so. This may be different from PCat aa reek cue nie niece et extension of the home. E.g. Parks, Playgrounds, Playing fields and SCE ae cme tele Dla eee Cael eC ne Pes ee) The largest number of urban open spaces discussed fall into the Cele -tela mel Mell (RO Le or aR e) ae [ee eee nue ae ane tice eee rc oe ean cerSele er ere ead See ema We em el Le a a cea) ees December 1997 £900,000 (hard works: £650,000, soft works £250,000) eT em eh el ee ] . ‘ | English Partnerships (formerly Commission for New Towns) |Esa klein Reiss ak ned Bem (el Metee ele R Cae a elm ele (UE LR elk CMB Ui LeL Lg of footpaths and bridleways to link facilities, landscape buffers Dee Cee RCE eum LCL ed while creating new ones. eee ee EM Sec lal eT acy Pelee come Lame Ce Rear elae la eer amore el Landscape architect's role Ae CU ae RR RSs ed work, through feasibility, design, production of contract documentation and tendering to monitoring the works on site up amelie te The unique opportunities of this praject BU meee musica amd mca elm mda eel Cals al of specified areas of land for public open space in this predominantly fe eRe oae ool ue eo areas, utilizing and improving existing landscape features, facilitated a major contribution to this new urban environment In addition to providing areas for recreation, important wildlife corridors were retained and improved. Conservation and enhancement of a range of habitats, together with improved access for people and the PMI ae Meet Lanai CECA fests BL Ba Meer eed oe LA) important asset for the community.ese rMe mera) eae eeae eesti elms] Ledi (a \vmeelast=ta]°) 3 PRU ete areas were developed as part of new residential and business | ens ETc CCR Me UU) Mae lL RCH re Ce) follow streams, some of which were in steeply sided valleys that had remained relatively undeveloped and uncultivated, and contained extensive mature woodlands. Re no Cem ca ee mere oT ay em iss eeleee miele) trees cer lonera heen baci Rests bee oe Bi eRel Ce Cee cM ae meat Mare mL Cliie(eale1eet BolT | that a high-quality project was provided. Preston Borough OTe RCC ee el eek a RR felce) (reat Kom om LAM arco ae See a} FT ao Mi OMe Re ae Meee cl dela ela ely reir Mh Mea me ech te Mele) Cag La a series of open spaces are considered to be an important asset to the housing developmentON el Oe am aL Tee Cea a re leeM a da ee Ce ed Peete Berry 1990 Sed Red ake et ee ed oi P a pareea hel aa tai Rees Dea a esd The aims of the landscape strategy were to create an ordered, high-quality environment as the setting for a business park. To create a landscape setting in advance of development. To create a landscape structure using a controlled range of PEE M Reece ue alec Mata ue Dene Siac caleeicdil ues i saeuniceaiatals [Pet releaste Begala eed BONE lar Creede eit lem great ie er mel aad development process since 1988 through the master planning, implementation and management stages of this phased development. The landscape architect is responsible for the design and co-ordination of all external spaces, implementation of hard and soft landscape works and continues to provide advice to Edinburgh Park Management Limited. The landscape architect is also a member of the design review committee, which controls all aspects of existing and proposed developments. ee) adele There were no major constraints to the project, but there was EM ete E ace Vee eM Leaning management for attenuation and treatment of the water.Babs holga hvac Resi ee ae etc ae) eee) a The developer's decision to provide landscape infrastructure in advance of the building development as a means of establishing development standards on a cost-effective basis early in the development process and as a marketing aid. The site is a phased development over 20 years and therefore consists of completed occupied sites, major construction sites and sites awaiting development. ae ead Edinburgh Park, on the western edge of the city, is a 138 acre business park adjacent to the Edinburgh city bypass. The site is surrounded by a retail park, the Lye CR Een aoa a opposite side, a shopping centre, private housing and finance offices. It is planned on a strict Cartesian grid eR uem oman) rN eRe eee the modernist principles of ito ic iceR ligReferences www. rics.Org Urban open spaces-by Helen Woolley- Spon Press Complicated Simplicity: A Case Study on Urban Open Spaces in Phoenix Metropolitan Area ISOLATION TRENDS OF URBAN OPEN SPACES-H. Esbah a, *, B. Deniz a, E. A. Cook Weenie as eer uthee cucaTHANK YOU......