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54 tIcf-]tIcf-
m-Tm-h]
enm-Tm-hen

B¿`m-S-Øn¬\n∂p
emfn-Xy-Øn-te°v

B¿`mS-ambn Pohn-°Ww F∂ sImXn-bmWv Ip´n-I-fp-samØv Hcp

sNdp-]p-c-bn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ As©-´p- sIm-e-]m-X-
I-߃°v t{]cn-∏n-®Xv F∂v AbmƒXs∂ ]d-bp-∂p. B a\- n¬
Bscbpw sIm√m≥ aSn-°mØ Ccp´v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B¿`mSw Hcp
D∑m-Zm-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. Bfp-Iƒt°m hoSp-Iƒt°m Ncn-{X-Ønt\m
D∑mZw hcmw. D∑m-Z-Øn¬ icn am{Xta D≈q. sX‰pw tXm¬hnbpw
C√. Akm[yw F∂ Hcp hm°n-√. DW¿hpw a’-chpw Gdnb
\ΩpsS kap- Z m- b - Ø n¬ AXp- s Im≠v B¿`m- S - Ø ns‚ D∑mZw
h¿[n®phcp-∂p. Beg, borrow or steal F∂-XmWv ap{Zm-hm-Iyw. IS-
ebmfw

s°-Wn-bm-bn, Ifhpw sIm≈-bp-ambn sXcp-hp-I-fnepw cmP-\o-Xn-

HºXv

bnepw CXv {]Xy-£-s∏-Smw. aqe-bv°m-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw

cmPyßfp-sSbpw {]Xn-I-c-Ww, \nd-th‰mØ tamlw, {]W-b-sØ-
t∏mse \nßsf Bfl-lX - y-bn-te°p Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. C√m-
a
 IpXp-I-tam-Sm-e-]n-®mepw 55

Ø-h¿ sNe-hm°n apSn-bp-∂-Xns\ Kpcp-hmWv \ntcm-[n-®-Xv;

B¿`mS-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb \ΩpsS BZysØ i_vZw. Bcm-[-\-sb-
t∏mepw Kpcp \ncm-Uw-_-c-am°n. ]mh-ß-fpsS taml-ßsf Adn-
hn-te°pw hyh-km-b-Øn-te°pw Xncn-®p-hn-´p. kap-Zm-b-kw-L-S-
\-Iƒ°v C°m-cy-Øn¬ ]eXpw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. ]t£,
Ah¿°v C—m-i‡n \jvS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. D≈-h\v B¿`m-S-am-
Ip∂p kz¥w sXfn-hv. ]Xn-s\m∂v B\-bp≈ ssZhw B\-bn-
√mØ a‰p ssZh-ß-tf-°mƒ F{Xtbm hen-b-h≥. a’-cn-°p∂
]mh-߃ ]-Xps° ]m∏-cm-bn-Øo-cpw. Ah¿°p- am-{X-ambn
ao\ns‚ hne Ipd-bp-I-bp-an-√. B¿`m-S-Øn-\p≈ sNehpw amdp-I-
bn-√. BZ¿i-Øn-s‚bpw emfn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Du∂p-h-Sn-sIm≠v
km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Dbcw Iqt´-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kap-Zm-b-ÿm-
]-\-߃°v am{Xta Ct∏mƒ [q¿Øm-Nm-c-ßsf kmam-\y-\n-e-
bn-te°v Cd-°n-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥ Ign-bq. CXv k¿°m-cn-s‚tbm
cmjv{So-b-°m-c-s‚tbm X´-I-a-√. BNm-c-ß-fpsS kzXz-ssh-Im-
cnI Xe-am-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Ct∏mƒ t\XrXzw hn]-co-Xß - sf
BZ¿i-h¬°-cn-°-Ww.
kºq¿WIrXn-Iƒ˛kwkvImcw˛2
(Fw.F≥. hnP-b≥)

1. ""BZ¿i-Øn-s‚bpw emfn-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Du∂p-h-Sn-sIm≠v

km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Dbcw Iqt´-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.''
Cu \nco£WØns‚ kaImenI{]k‡n N¿® sNøpI.
2. ""In´pw ]W-sa-¶n-en-t∏mƒ a\p-jy¿°v
ZpjvSX Im´p-hm-s\m´pw aSn-bn√
In´n-b-sXm∂pw aXn-b√ ]ns∂bpw
In´n-bmepw aXn-b√ Zpcm-{Klw''
({[ph-N-cnXw ˛ Ip©≥\ºym¿)
$ B¿`mSw Hcp D∑m-Zm-h-ÿ-bmWv.
$ Beg, Borrow or steal F∂-XmWv ap{Zm-hmIyw.
Ip©≥\-ºym-cpsS hcn-I-fnse Bi-bhpw teJ-Is‚ \nco-
£-Whpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.
56 tIcf-]tIcf-
m-Tm-h]
enm-Tm-hen

3. ""kap-Zmbÿm]-\ß - ƒ°p-am-{Xta Ct∏mƒ [q¿Øm-Nm-cß

- sf kmam\y\ne-bn-te°v
Cd-°n-s°m-≠p-h-cm≥ Ign-bq.''
(Fw.F≥. hnP-b≥)
""A\m-h-iy-amb [\-hybw Hcp awK-f-I¿Ω-Øn\pw ]mSn-√.''
({io\m-cm-bWKpcp)
ta¬ sImSpØ {]kv X m- h - \ - I fpw \nß- f psS \nco- £ - W - ß fpw Dƒs∏- S pØn
"tIc-fobkaq-lhpw [q¿Øpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

]Z-tImiw D∑mZw ˛ kzt_m-[-an-√m-bva, kzbw ad-°¬

kzXzw ˛ X\-Xp-k-Ø, hy‡nXzw
ebmfw
HºXv
a
 Hcp IpS∂ shfn-®a
- mbv... 59

_p≤s‚ D]-tZiw

C¥y-bpsS BIr-Xn-sb-Øs∂ ]msS am‰n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ cmjv{So-b-hpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-

amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°p ]n∂n¬, _p≤-aX - Ø
- ns‚ kq£va{- ]-h¿Ø-\h - pw ÿm]n-Xß - -
fmb ]q¿h-aX - ß
- f - psS ta¬ AXns‚ BLm-Xh - pw aX-Øns‚ \n£n-]vXX - m-¬∏-cy-ß-
tfm-Sp≈ AXns‚ hg°pw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. hnhm-Zß - f - p-sS-bpw X¿°-ßf - p-sS-bpw taml-
I-amb BI¿j-WØ - n∂v C¥y F∂pw hnt[-ba - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw, Ah-sb-°m-sfms°
F{Xtbm A[n-Ia - m-bn, tPymXn¿Ω-b\- mb Hcp alm-\p-`m-hs‚ hy‡n-ssh-injvSyw P\-
ß-fpsS D≈n¬Ø-´n-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lØ - ns‚ kvacW Ah-cpsS a\- n¬ ]pØ-\m-bn-cp-
∂p. BflobNn¥-bpsS kq£vat- `-Zß - f- n¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂h - s- c- kw-_‘ - n-®n-St- Ømfw
]pcm-X\ - s
- a-¶nepw hfsc ]pØ\pw ANpw-_n-Xh - p-amb _p≤-kt- μ-iw, _p≤n-im-en-If - psS
`mh\sb lTm-Zm-I¿jn®p; AXp P\-lr-Zb - ß
- fpsS AKm-[X - e
- ß- f - n-temfw s- N-∂p. _p≤≥
Xs‚ injy-tcmSp ]d™n-cp-∂p: ""F√m \mSp-If - n-te°pw sN√p-I, Cu kphn-tijw {]kw-
Kn-°p-I. Zcn-{Zcpw Ffn-bh - cpw ]W-°mc-pw taem-fcpw F√mw H∂m-sW∂pw kap-{Z-Øn¬
\Zn-Is- f-∂t- ]mse Cu aX-Øn¬ F√m PmXn-Ifpw H∂n-®p-tN-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-tcmSp
]d-bp-I.'' At±-l-Øns‚ ktμiw km¿h-{Xn-I-amb kulrZ-hpw F√m-‰n-t\mSpap≈
kvt\l-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, ""Hcn-°epw Cu temI-Øn¬ hntZz-jw-sIm≠v
hntZzjw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n√; kvt\lw-sIm≠v hntZzjw C√m-Xm-hp-∂p.'' ""a\p-jy≥ t{Im[sØ
ImcpWywsIm≠pw Xn∑sb \∑-sIm≠pw Pbn-°s - ´.''
60 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

\oXn-\n-jvTb
- psSbpw Bfl-kw-ba- Ø
- n-s‚bpw BZ¿i-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ""Hcp-h≥ bp≤-Øn¬
Bbncw ]pcpj-∑msc Pbn-t®°mw; ]t£, Bcv Ah-\-h-s\-Øs∂ Pbn-°p-∂pthm,
Ah-\mWv G‰hpw henb tPXm-hv.'' ""P∑w-sIm-≠√, I¿ΩwsIm≠p-am-{X-amWv Hcp a\p-
jy≥ Nfim-ft\m {_m“-Wt\m BIp-∂X - v.'' ]m]n-sb-t∏mepw ]gn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. F¥p-
sIm-s≠∂m-¬, ""]m]I¿Ω-ßf - m-Nc- n-®h
- t- cmSv Adn-™p-sIm≠p ITn-\h - m°p ]d-bp-I, Ah-
cpsS Ip‰-am-Ip∂ ]pÆn¬ D∏ptXbv°p-I, Bcp sNøpw AXv?'' as‰m-cp-Øs‚ taep≈
Pbw-t]mepw Akp-J-I-c-ß-fmb ^e-ßsf sNøpw ˛˛ ""hnPbw hntZz-jsØ P\n-∏n-
°p∂p; Imc-Ww, hnPn-X≥ ZpxJn-X\ - m-Wv.''
CsXms° At±lw {]kw-Kn-®Xv aX-Øns‚ h√ A\p-aX - ntbm ssZh-sØtbm ]c-tem-
I-sØtbm Ipdn-®p≈ h√ {]kvXm-hh - ptam IqSm-sX-bm-Wv. At±lw bp‡n-sbbpw tlXp-
hmZsØbpw A\p-`h - s
- Øbpw Ah-ew-_a - m-°p-Ibpw kXysØ kz¥w a\- n¬ At\zjn-
°p-hm≥ P\-ß-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At±lw Cßs\ ]d-I-bp-≠m-bt{X:
""_lp-am-\w-sIm≠v Bcpw Fs‚ [¿Ωw kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xn√; kz¿WsØ Xobn-en´p
]co£n-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se, BZyw AXp ]co-£n-®p-t\m-°pI.'' kXy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ A⁄-
X-bmWv F√m ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw Imc-Ww. Hco-iz-c-\pt≠m tIh-e-Xz-ap-t≠m, C√tbm
Fs∂m∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-∂n-√. At±lw hn[n°p-Itbm \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm sNøp-
∂n√. Adn-bp-I- km-[y-a√ - m-tØ-SØp \mw Hcp Xocp-am\w \n¿Øn-sh-bv°W - w. Hcp tNmZy-
Øn-\p-Øc - a
- mbn _p≤≥ Cßs\ ]d-™X - mbn ImWp∂p: ""Adn-bs - ∏´ F√m hkvXp-°-
sfbpw kw_-‘n® \nc-t]-£a - mb H∂mWv tIheXzw F∂Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-®n-´p-≈-
sX-¶n¬, AXns‚ kØ-sb, Adn-b-s∏´ bmsXmcp tlXp-hm-Z-co-Xn-sIm≠pw ÿm]n-
bv°p-I km[y-a√ - . a‰p hkvXp-°t- fmSp \nc-t]-£a - mb h√Xn\pw kØ-bp-s≠∂p \ap°v
Fßs\ Adnbmw? \mw Adn-bp∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Cu {]]©w apgps° ]c-kv]c - _
- ‘
- ß
- -
fpsS Hcp hyh-ÿb - m-Wv; \nc-t]-£a - m-btXm BIm-hp-∂tXm bmsXm∂pw \ap°dn™p-
Iq-S.'' AXp-sIm≠p \ap°p tKmN-ca - m-Im-hp-∂h - b
- p-sSbpw Jfin-Xa - mb Adn-hp-≠m-Im-hp-
∂-hb - p-sSbpw koa-bn¬ \mw HXpßn\n¬°-Ww.
A\p`h-ß-fpsS Cu temI-Øn¬ \mw ]Z-ßfpw hnh-c-W-ßfpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn,
"AXp≠v', "AXn√' Fs∂m-s°-∏d - b
- p-∂p. F∂m¬ Imcy-ßf - psS ]pdw-Im-gvNbv°p ]n∂n¬
sN√p-tºmƒ CXp c≠pw icn-bs - √-∂pw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂X - ns\
hnh-cn-°m≥ \ΩpsS `mj A]-cym-]vX-am-sW∂pw hcmw. "D¨a'bpsSbpw "C√mbva'
bpsSbpw \Sp-hn-se-hn-sS-tbm, AYhm Ah-bv°∏p-dtØm BWv kXy-sa∂p hcmw. ]pg
\nc-¥cw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \nan-jw-tXmdpw AXv Aß-s\Øs∂ \n¬°p-∂X - mbn
tXm∂p-∂p. F¶nepw sh≈w Ft∏mgpw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Xobpw Aß-s\Ø-
s∂. Xo\mfw {]Im-in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ cq]hpw BIr-Xn-bpw-t]mepw \ne-
ebmfw

\n¿Øp-∂p. F¶nepw AsXm-cn-°epw AtX \mf-ambn \n¬°p-∂n-√. A\p-\n-anjw amdn-

HºXv

s°m-≠n-cn-°bm-Wv. Aßs\ F√mw \nc-¥cw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. PohnXw AXns‚

\m\m-cq-]-ß-fnepw Bbn-Øo-c-ens‚ Hcp {]hm-l-am-Wv. bmYm¿Yy-sa-∂Xv imiz-Xhpw
am‰-an-√m-ØX
- p-amb H∂-√, t\sc-ad - n®v Gsd-°ptd Hcp-Xcw tPymXn¿ΩbssNX-\y-am-Wv,
a
 Hcp IpS∂ shfn-®a
- mbv... 61

i‡n-If- p-sSbpw Ne-\ß

- f
- p-tS-Xp-amb H∂v, Hc-\p-h¿Ø-\] - c- º
- c - . Ime-sa∂ Bi-ba - m-Is´,
""Cu kw`-hØ - n¬ \nt∂m B kw`-hØ - n¬\nt∂m shdpw kt¶-XØ - m¬ th¿Xn-cn-°s∏´
Hcp k¶¬∏w'' am{X-am-Wv. Hcp kwKXn thsd-
sb-s¥-¶nepw H∂ns‚ Imc-Wa - m-sW∂p ]d-bp-
hm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, amdn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp imiz-Xk - Ø - m-kmcw C√.
Hcp hkvXp-hns‚ kmcw a‰p hkvXp-°s - f∂p hnfn-
°p-∂-h-bp-am-bp-≈ AXns‚ kl-P-kw-_-‘-
[¿Ω-amWv. \ΩpsS tZl-ßfpw \ΩpsS Bflm-
°fpw A\p-\n-anjw amdns°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p; Ah
C√m-Xm-bnØo-cp-I-bpw Ah-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-sX-¶n-
epw hyXy-kvXa - mb thsd-sbm∂p {]Xy-£a - mbn
]ns∂ hnebw {]m]n°bpw sNøp-∂p. Hc¿Y-
Øn¬ \Ωƒ C°m-e-a-{Xbpw acn-®p-sIm≠pw
ho≠pw P\n-®p-sIm-≠p-an-cn-°p∂p; Cu A\p-{I-a-
]-cº
- c Hcp A`-·a - mb A`n-∂X - b - psS tXm∂¬
D≠m-°p-∂p. ""AXp \nc-¥c - ]
- c
- n-Wm-an-bmb Hcp
A`n-∂-Xz-Øns‚ Hc\pkyq-X-Xz-am-Wv.'' F√mw-
Xs∂ N©-eX - zhpw Ne-\hpw am‰-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
_p≤≥ Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°p]-tZ-in-®X- v, Ah¿°v
Fs¥ms° a\- n-em-°m\pw Fs¥m-s°-b\ - p-k-
cn®p Pohn-°m\pw Ign-bp-sa∂p Xm≥ Icp-Xntbm, AsXm-s°-bm-Wv. At±-lØ - ns‚ D]-tZ-
iw F√m-‰n-s‚bpw ]q¿W-hn-hcWam-bn-cn-°m≥, D≈-Xn-s\-sb√mw XnI®pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-
°m-Wn-°m≥ Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈X
- √- . Cß-s\-sbmcp IY-bp-≠v: Hcn-°¬ At±lw Ipd®p Icn-bn-
e-Iƒ ssIbnseSpØv, Xs‚ ssIbn-ep≈ B Ce-Iƒ IqSmsX thsd h√ Ce-If - p-apt≠m
F∂p ]d-bm≥ Xs‚ t{]jvTi - n-jy-\mb B\-μt- \mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. B\-μ≥ adp]Sn ]d™p:
""ic-¬°m-e-Ønse Ce-Iƒ \mep-]mSpw hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah kwJym-Xo-X-ß-fp-
amWv.'' At∏mƒ _p≤≥ ]d-™p: ""At∏m-se-Øs∂ Rm≥ \n\°v Hcp]nSn kXy-߃
X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ch-bv°p-]p-ds - a, thsdbpw Bbn-c°
- W
- °
- n¬, FÆm≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X
kXy-ßf - p-≠v.''
C¥y-sb I
- s
- ≠-ج
(Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp)
(hnh : kn.F-®v. Ip™-∏)
62 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

 _u≤-Z¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp-hns‚ Nne \nco-£-W-ß-fm-Wnh.

˛ km¿h-{XnIkulr-Zw, F√m-‰n-t\m-Sp-ap≈ kvt\lw
˛ \oXn\njvT-X-bpsSbpw Bfl-kw-b-\-Øns‚bpw BZ¿iw.
IqSp-X¬ \nco-£-W-߃ ]mT-`m-KØp\n∂p Is≠-Øn _u≤-Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v
eLp-Ip-dn∏v Xbm-dm°pI.

 ""Hcn-°epw Cu temI-Øn¬ hntZz-jw-sIm≠v hntZzjw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√. kvt\lw

sIm≠v hntZzjw C√m-Xm-hp-∂p.''
_p≤ktμ-i-Øns‚ Imen-I-{]-k‡n hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kz¥w \nco-£-W-߃
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.
 ""s\lvdp-hns‚ {][m\ IrXn-Is - fms° Ncn-{X-]c - ß
- tfm Ncn{X{][m-\ß - tfm BWv.
Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿß- ƒ km[m-cW - b - mbn k¿Km-flIkmln-Xy-Øns‚ AYhm ip≤-km-lnXy-
Øns‚ tiJ-cW - Ø- n¬ KWn-°s - ∏-Sm-dn-√. F∂m¬ s\lvdp-hns‚ Ncn-{X-߃ Ihn-
Xbpw \mS-Ihpw t\mhepw t]mse k¿Km-flIkmlnXy tImSn-bn¬s∏Sp-∂p. Ch-bp-
sS-sb√mw kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ah-bn¬ A¥¿`hn-®n-´p-≠v. {]]©{]Xn-`m-k-
ß-fpsS kuμcyXo¿Y-ßf - n¬ apßn-s∏m-ßnb s\lvdp, Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Aÿn-Jfi - -
ß-fn¬ Bflm-hns‚ ssNX-\yhpw lrZ-bØ - ns‚ hnIm-cß
- fpw tImcn-∏I
- ¿∂v hm¿sØ-
SpØ Poh-Ømb Iem-kr-jvSn-If - m-Wh- .''
(kmln-Xy-in-ev]n-bmb s\lvdp ˛ kn.]n. {io[-c≥)
s\lvdp-hns‚ IrXn-Is- f-°p-dn-®p≈ kn.]n. {io[-cs‚ Cu \nco-£Ww ]mT-`m-Kh - p-
ambn _‘n-∏n®v hni-Ie - \w sNøp-I.
 ""]m]-I¿Ω-ß-fm-N-cn-®-h-tcmSv Adn-™p-sIm≠p ITn\hm°p -]-d-bp-I, Ah-cpsS Ip‰-
am-Ip∂ ]pÆn¬ D∏ptXbv°p-I, Bcp sNøpw AXv?'' Bcp sNøpw AXv F∂
tNmZy-Øn-\p-]-Icw Bcpw AXv sNøn√ F∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ kμ¿`-
Øns‚ `mh-Øn\p hcp∂ am‰sa¥m-bn-cn°pw? N¿®sNøp-I.
 ""a‰p-≈hs‚ taep≈ Pbw t]mepw Akp-J-I-c-ß-fmb ^e-ßsf sNøpw. hnPbw
hntZz-jsØ P\n-∏n-°p∂p; Imc-Ww, hnPn-X≥ Zp-xJnX-\m-Wv.'' _p≤s‚ Cu \nco-
£Ww hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kz¥w \ne-]mSv ka¿Yn-°p-I.
ebmfw
HºXv
a
 6 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

AtX {]m¿Y\
hk-¥-tØm-S¿Yn-®Xp shdp-sX-bm-bn-√, tX∑m ˛
hSn-apSn ]q¶p-e-I-f-Wn™p \n∂q.
Hcp ]qhpw sImgn-bm-sX-bp-Æn-Iƒ hncn-™p, ]n∂o
sSmcp-Ænbpw ]ng-bv°msX hf¿∂ph∂p.
kar≤n ap‰nSpwtXmdpw Ip\n-bp-sI-∂-dn-hp-‰m˛
c\-[ymbw ]Tn-∏n-®n-X-Xn-s\-®q-≠n.
th\¬ Npg-∂q-Xn-bq-Xn-b-Xn≥ \nt£-]-tam-tcm∂pw
amWn-Iy-cXv\-ß-fm-Im≥ apXn¿t∂-bp≈q
Bbn-c-a-Æm¿°-Æ-∑m¿ ]m™p-tIdo sImºp-Ifn˛
embncw Im°-I-f-Xn¬∏d∂p hoWq.
Bbncw sIm®-Sn-I-f-Ø-W¬ hncn-bn¬∏-Xn™q
ambn-I-\-Kcw t]me-tØm∏p Na-™q.
Ab¬∏m-X-h-°-Ø∂p hgn-∏-Wn-°p-S-®n-t´m˛
cpcp-f≥I√p-Iƒs°m-s°-®n-dIpw h∂p
F√m-sa√mw Ign-™-t∏m-f-Ωm-acw Iep-jamw
kz¿t√m-I-Øn≥ \S-bn-¶¬°-c™p \n∂p
]n∂sØ hk-¥-tØm-Sp-a¿Yn°-bm-bv, ""`K-hmt\
X∂cpƒsI-\n°p ho≠pw k^-e-P-∑w.''
thsd-¥p≈q hc-sa-¶¬, tZh-\m-t{Im-in-®p, ""kmt[m
thZ-\bv°p th≠n-Ømt\m tNmZn∏q ho≠pw!''
]cn-kv^p-c¬{]-`m-Xmwip ]Xnbpw ]√hw sas√˛
®en-°p-am-d-Ωm-Iμw samgn-™n-tXhw;
""kar-≤n-X≥ IÆo-sc{X ]pfn-®mepw hcw; Atøm,
Zcn-{Zs‚ ac-hn-∏m-W-k-l-\obw!''
{Xnhn-{I-a∂p apºn¬
(CS-t»cn tKmhn-μ≥\mb¿)
ebmfw
HºXv

""kar≤n ap‰n-Spw-tXmdpw Ip\n-bp-sI-∂-dn-hp-‰m-˛-

c-\-[ymbw ]Tn-∏n-®n-X-Xn-s\-®q≠n''
a

- {]IrXn \¬Ip∂ Pohn-X-]m-T-ß-sf-s¥-√m-amWv? N¿®sNøp-I.

 ]q°-sfm-s°bpw hm°p-If
- m-Ip-tºmƒ 7

""Ab¬∏m-X-h-°-Ø∂p hgn-∏-Wn-°p-S-®n-t´m-˛-
cp-cp-f≥I√p-Iƒs°m-s°-®n-dIpw h∂p''
I√p-Iƒ°v Nnd-Ip-h∂p F∂ I¬∏-\-bpsS `wKn N¿®sNøp-I.
Xmsg-s°m-SpØ Ihn-Xm-`m-K-߃ Xmf-Øn¬ sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI. Ah-bn¬
]mT-`m-K-hp-ambn Xmf-km-ay-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.
$ ""Ip´-\m-S≥ ]p©-bnse sIm®ps]tÆ Ipbn-emsf
sIm´p-thWw Ipg¬thWw Ipc-h-thWw''
$ ""A¶-W-ssØ-am-hn¬\n-∂m-Zy-sØ-∏gw hogvsI
AΩ-X≥ t\{X-Øn¬\n-∂p-Xn¿∂p NpSp-I-Æo¿''
$ ""tIc-f-Øq-sam-gn-sb∂p tI´m¬ aXn
tImcn-Ø-cn-∏ns‚ sImbvØp-Imew''
Ip\n-bpI, F∂v, Adn-hp-‰m¿, A\-[ymbw F∂o ]Z-߃ tN¿∂mWv "Ip\n-bp-sI-∂-dn-
hp-‰m-c-\-[ymbw' cq]-s∏-´-Xv. Ihn-X-bnse CØcw ]Z-°q-´-߃ Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I.
""kar-≤n-X≥ IÆo-sc{X ]pfn-®mepw hcw; Atøm,
Zcn-{Zs‚ ac-hn-∏m-W-k-l-\obw!''
- ˛ ChnsS tX∑mhv Ihn-bp-sSbpw amºgw Ihn-Xbp-sSbpw {]Xo-I-ambn amdp-∂pt≠m?
IhnX hniI-e\w sNbvXv kzm`n-{]mbw ka¿Yn-°p-I.

A\-[ymbw ˛ Hu]-Nm-cnIamb ]T\an-√msX

]Z-tImiw A¿Yn®p ˛ At]-£n®p
Iepjw ˛ Ie-ßn-bXv
]cn-kv^p-c¬ ˛ DZn-®p-b-cp∂
{]`m-Xmwip ˛ {]`m-X-In-cWw
amIμw ˛ tX∑mhv
20 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

sh≈®m´Øns‚
CSnapg°w
F¥mWv hnIvtSmdnbm Pe]mXw? AwtKmfbpsS aeIfn¬\n∂v ImSndßn hcp∂
kmw_kn\Zn A\h[n t]mjI\ZnIfpsS PeØm¬ s]cpIn, kmw_nbbpsS
kaXeßfn¬ AXnhnimeamb {]hmlambn ]cs∂mgpIn, sX°v
knw_m_vthbpsS AXn¿Ønbn¬h®v, GXm≠v 350 ASn XmgvNbpw Ht∂ap°m¬
Intemao‰¿ hoXnbpap≈ Hcp ]md∏nf¿∏nte°v , `qan Ipep°ns°m≠pw
K¿Pn®psIm≠pw `qapJsØ G‰hpw henb, hogp∂ Pe]mfn hnS¿Øn°mWn®v
\sΩ \Sp°ns°m≠pw kzbw sNmcnbp∂ Ahnizk\obamb ImgvNbmWv
hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´w. a’yßsfbpw apXeIsfbpw tXmWnIsfbpta¥nbpw
taLßsfbpw ]£nIsfbpw kqcys\bpw \£{Xßsfbpw \ngen∏n®pw
hnimeambn HgpInh∂ alm\Zn, Hcp \nanjwsIm≠v XInSwadn™v XmgsØ
IcnºmdIfn¬ ]pI™psIm≠v IpØs\ IpXn®pbcp∂ Hcp [hf`nØnbmbn
amdp∂p. Xnc›o\ambn {]hln® \Zn ew_ambnØocp∂p. Icbn¬\n∂p
Icbnte°p ]S¿∂pInS∂ \oe Pe∏c∏v H‰ \nanjØn¬ CSnapg°tØmsS
AKm[Xbn¬ ]mds°´pIfn¬ \n∂v s]mßp∂ ]pIa™n≥tIm´bmbnØocp∂p.
sh¨]Xbmbn HgpInhogp∂ sh≈®m´sØ s]mXn™psIm≠v DbcpIbpw
ebmfw
HºXv
a
 ]q°-sfm-s°bpw hm°p-If
- m-Ip-tºmƒ 21

XmgpIbpw sNøp∂ Pe[qfnIfpsS Xnc»oe PeØns‚ KXn Xmtgt°m

tatet°m F∂ aXn{`aw \Ωnep≠m°p∂p. PeIWnIIfpsS Cu ]d°p∂
ioebpsS hºn® hnkvXrXnbn¬ aghn√pIƒ P\n°pIbpw ambpIbpw sNøp∂p.
sh≈®m´w hmbphn¬ Xßn\n¬°p∂ acoNnIb√ F∂v \ap°v a\ nemIp∂Xv
ASnbnse IdpØ Bt·bineIfn¬ ap∏Ønaq∂ptImSn Fgp]Ø©p e£w
en‰¿ Pew Hcp an\n‰n¬ ASn®pXI¿∂v £p`nX-hymfßsft∏mse hgn]ncn™v
]mdbnSp°pIfn¬ ]X™p]pfbp∂Xp ImWptºmgmWv.
hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´sØ∏‰n Rm≥ a\ nem°nbXv \maXns\ F{Xt\cw
A`napJoIcn®mepw AXv \ap°p ]nSnXcp∂n√ F∂XmWv . AtXkabw
AXn¬\n∂v IÆp]dn°m≥ AXp \sΩ A\phZn°pIbpan√. s]ms‰°m´v
GXm≠v CtX A\p`hw hnhcn°p∂p≠v : ""AhnsSsb√mw H∂p
Np‰n\S∂XpsIm≠v hntŒmdnbm sh≈®m´Øns‚ "`mj' \ap°v {Kln°phm≥
Ignbptam F∂p kwibamWv.'' \ΩpsS C{μnb߃ ]cnioen∏n-°s∏´ncn°p∂
Xncn®dnhns‚ `mjIƒ°p ]pdØmWv hnIvtSmdnbm Pe]mXØns‚ \n¬∏v.
Hcp]t£, A·n]¿hXkv t ^mS\w, {]fbw, sImSp¶m‰v XpSßnb `oIc
`uanI{]Xn`mk߃°p apºnepw \ap°v Ahsb Dƒs°m≈m\p≈
CtXt]msebp≈ tijnbn√mbva A\p`hs∏t´°mw. ]t£, hnIvtSmdnbm
sh≈®m´w \sΩ Ahsbt∏mse `ojWns∏SpØp∂n√. F∂m¬, Cs√∂v
]q¿Wambpw ]dbm\mhn√. ImcWw, K¿ØØns‚ ASnØ´n¬ Pe]mXw
X√n®nXdp∂ an\pØ IrjvWineIfnte°p t\m°n \n¬°ptºmƒ Fs∂
`bm\Iamb Ft¥m H∂v ]nSn®pIpep°n. F¥mbncn°mw, Rm\mtemNn®p,
hogp∂ 33 tImSn en‰¿ sh≈hpw ASnbnse I√pw IqSnt®cp∂ _nμphnse
22 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

c‡w I´nbm°p∂ bmYm¿Yyw? F¥mbncn°mw ]nf¿∏ns‚ h°n¬\n∂v

350 ASn Xmsgbp≈ ]mXmfØnte°v Du¿∂phogp∂ [hf[mcbpsS kuμcy-
Øn\p≈nse `oIckXyw? ]t£, \sΩ InSnew-sIm≈n®psIm≠p-Xs∂
sh≈®m´w AXns‚ Aºc∏n°p∂ AgIpsIm≠v BenwK\w sNøpIbpw
tImcnØcn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p, A¥¿apJsc [ym\Ønte°v \bn°p∂p.
s]ms‰°m´v FgpXn: ""FXnsc sh≈®m´hpw t\m°ns°m≠v B ag°m´nse
Hcp h≈n°pSnen¬ Rm≥ Ign®pIq´nb aWn°qdpIƒ ad°mhp∂hb√.''
hmkv X hØn¬, 1700 ao‰¿ hoXnbp≈ ]nf¿∏neqsS hogp∂Xv ]e
sh≈®m´ßfmWv, H‰∏mfnsh≈a√. ImcWw, ]nf¿∏ntes°Øp∂Xn\p
sXm´papºphsc \Znbn¬ XpcpØpIfp≠v. Ah Hgp°ns\ ]eXmbn IodnbmWv
]nf¿∏nte°p hnSp∂Xv . hep∏wsIm≠pw `wKnsIm≠pw G‰hpw
kp{]kn≤ßfmbhbv°v 1800 ASnbpw 970 ASnbpamWv hoXn. Fs∂ G‰hpw
AXnibn∏n® Hcp hkvXpXbp≠v. B{^n°≥ kaXeßfpsS \nc∏v GXm≠v
]cn]q¿WambXn\m¬, As√¶n¬ AhbpsS Ncnhv AXnkq£vaamIbm¬,
\ZnIfpsS Hgp°pw AXnkmh[m\amWv. Hcnebn´v t\m°nbncp∂mte Hgp°v
a\ nem°m≥ km[n°q. hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´Øns‚ h°nseØpwhsc
kmw_kn \ZnbpsS Ahÿ GXm≠v CXmWv . Hgp°v ImWm\n√.
s]s´∂nXm, XpcpØpIfpw ]mds°´pIfpw \nd™ B h≥Pe∏c∏v Xmtg°v
XeIpØn adnbp∂p.
sh≈®m´Øn\v IjvSn®v 500 ao‰¿ apIfn¬ Rm≥ Fs‚ ssKUpItfmsSm∏w
\Znbnendßn Ipfn®p. \ΩpsS \mS≥]pgbnset∏mse ]mdIƒ°pw
]p¬ØpcpØpIƒ°panSbn¬ im¥ambn InS°p∂ sXfn™ sh≈w. Fs‚
ssKUv ssa°fpw Ahs‚ kplrØv hmjnMv S Wpw Rm\psamØv B
CfwNqSp≈ sh≈Øn¬ hfsc kabw NmSn°pfn®p. Xmsg\n∂v sh≈®m-
´Øns‚ CSnapg°w t]msebp≈ K¿P\w tIƒ°mw. R߃ apßn°nS°p∂
B sXfn\ocmWv sXm´pXmsg `qanbnse G‰hpw henb Pe]mXambn
amdp∂sX∂p hnizkn°m≥ hnjaw tXm∂n. Ipfn°m\mbn sh≈®m´Øn\p
sXm´p]n∂nep≈ ÿew Xncs™SpØXn\pw ImcWap≠v. AhnsS\n∂v Hcp
Intemao‰dn\p apIfn¬ t]mepw kmw_knbnse sh≈Øn¬ Ipfn°pI t]ms´,
ssItbm Imtem ap°p∂Xpt]mepw A]ISamWv. H‰ ISn°v \Ωtfm \ΩpsS
{]nbs∏´ Ahbhßtfm F∂t∂°pambn No¶ÆnIfpsS Z¥mcWy-
\n_nUamb \of≥ hmbnte°v A{]Xy£amIpw. lnt∏mIfpap≠v sh≈Øn¬.
Ah amwkt`mPnIf√. Ah \sΩ h[n°p∂Xv shdpw hnckXsIm≠p am{Xw.
]®°dnbpw Ign®v Xpdn® c≠p IÆpIƒ am{Xw sh≈Øn\p apIfn¬ ImWn®v
apßn°nS∂psImt≠bncn°ptºmƒ B¿°mWv temItØmSv shdp∏p
tXm∂mXncn°pI? ]t£, C°q´¿s°√mw Ft¥m AZv ` pXIcamb
t_m[⁄m\ØneqsS, Ipd®p Xmsg Xßsf ImØncn°p∂ FSpØp-
Nm´sØ∏‰n Adnbmsa∂Xn\m¬, Pe]mXØn\v sXm´p]n∂nep≈ `mKw
ebmfw

\ap°p kpc£nXamWv . ao\pIsf Rm≥ I≠p. ]t£, Aht]mepw

HºXv

sh≈®m´Øn\p ]n∂n¬ FhnsStbm Hcp e£vaWtcJ hc®mbncn°Ww

Pohn°p∂Xv.
a
 ]q°-sfm-s°bpw hm°p-If
- m-Ip-tºmƒ 23

hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´ancn°p∂Xv t_mSvkvhm\, kmw_nb, knw_m_vth F∂o aq∂p

cmPy߃ tN¿∂p≠m°nb tImWnemWv. Cu `mKØv kmw_kn\Zn Xs∂bmWv aq∂p
cmPyßfpsSbpw AXn¿Øn. \ZnbpsS a[yØneqsSbpw sh≈®m´Øns‚ \SphneqsSbpw
AXn¿ØntcJ IS∂pt]mIp∂p. F∂m¬ sh≈®m´Øn\p Iptd ]n∂n¬ t_mSvkvhm\
Ahkm\n°p∂Xn\m¬ sh≈®m´sØ ]¶phbv°p∂Xv knw_m_vthbpw kmw_nbbpw
am{XamWv . Rm≥ knw_m_v t h hiØp\n∂mWv sh≈®m´w I≠Xv . AIse
kmw_nbbpsS hiØv hnt\mZk©mcnIƒ \n¬°p∂Xv \ap°v ChnsS\n∂p ImWmw.
{]Xnh¿jw tImSm\ptImSn tUmfdns‚ BZmbap≠m°p∂ sh≈®m´sØ
CcpcmPyßfpw kulm¿Z]cambn ]¶nSpIbmWv! Rm≥ \ΩpsS Imthcn Imcy߃
Hm¿Øp, ad∂pIf™p.
kmw_nbbpsS `mKØp\n∂v hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´Øns‚ Ahnkvac-Wobamb a‰p
Zriy߃ e`n°p∂p F∂p am{Xa√, \Zn K¿ØØn¬ ]Xn®Xn\ptijap≈ AXns‚
`oIc]cnWma߃ ChnsSbmWv ImWm≥ IgnbpI. s]ms‰°m´v AXns\ hnhcn°p∂Xv
Cßs\bmWv: ""hogvN]‰nb kmw_kn XeNp‰temsS hmbn¬ \pc∏nfihpambn InS∂p
apcfp∂p; Ftßm´p \oßWsa∂dnbmsX hncfp∂p. HSphn¬ sas√ Hcp \mKsØt∏mse
apºn¬ I≠ Afbnte°v Cg™pt]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p... sh≈®m´ßfpsS Xn°pw
Xnc°pw tImemleßfpsa√mw Ign™p. \mep sh≈®m´ßfn¬\n∂pap≈ sh≈w
apgph≥ H∂mbn Xnf®pad™p \pc®ncºns°m≠v Xmsg hnimeamb Hcp sIm´ØfØn¬
h∂ptNcp∂p. ChnsSh®mWv \Zn ho≠pw ]md∏nf¿∏pIfneqsS {]bmWw XpScp∂Xv.''
Fs‚ ssKUv ssa°fns‚ kplrØv hmjnMvS¨ Ft∂mSv ]d™p: ""tUhnUv enhnMvè
hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´w "I≠p]nSn®p' F∂p ]dbp∂Xv Fs¥mcp Akw_‘amWv.
enhnMvè ImWp∂Xn\papºv F{Xtbm Bbncw h¿jßfmbn B{^n°°m¿°v Cu
sh≈®m´w Adnbmambncp∂p. sh≈°mcs‚ IÆp]Xn°p∂Xv am{Xta
"I≠p]nSnØ'amhpIbpt≈m?'' hmjnMvS¨ ]d™Xv 100 iXam\w icnbmWv. sImtfmWn-
benkØns‚ AhImihmZßfpsS `mKamWv CØcw "I≠p]nSnØ'Ncn{X߃. ]t£,
{]IrXnbpsS {]Xn`mkßsf A]IS߃ XcWwsNbvXv At\zjn®p t]mIm\p≈
t{]cW sh≈°mc\p≠mbncp∂psh∂Xpw hmkvXhamWv. Ahs‚ "I≠p]nSnØ'ßsf
temI{]kn≤am°m\pw Ah\dnbmambncp∂p.
enhnMvè B{^n°bneqsS 20 h¿j߃ kmlknIk©mcnbmbpw anjWdnbmbpw
Ae™p. B ImeL´Ønse G‰hpw {]ikvX\mb ]cymSI\mbn BtKmfIo¿Øn
t\Sn. Ing°\m{^n°bpsS A¥¿`mKßfn¬ BZyambn ]Xn™ sh≈°mcs‚
ImeSnIƒ At±lØnt‚Xmbncp∂p. enhnMv à ¨ 1855 \hw_¿ 16˛\v \m´pIm¿
""tamkn H B Sp\ym'' AYhm ""i_vZap≈ ]pIbp≈nSw'' F∂v hnfn®ncp∂ sh≈®m´-
Ønt∑¬ ZrjvSn ]Xn∏n®p. ""C{Xbpw lrZblmcnbmb ImgvN KK\k©mcnIfmb
amemJam¿ am{Xta I≠n´p≠mhpIbp≈q.'' enhnMvè Xs‚ Ipdn∏pIfnsegpXn.
Hcp B{^n-°≥ bm{X
(k°-dnb)
24 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen
""hnIvtSmdnbm sh≈®m´sØ∏‰n Rm≥ a\ nem°nbXv, \maXns\ F{Xt\cw
A`napJoIcn®mepw AXv \ap°v ]nSnXcp∂n√ F∂XmWv. AtXkabw AXn¬
\n∂p IÆp]dn°m≥ AXp \sΩ A\phZn°pIbpan√.''
ImgvN-Iƒ bm{Xn-Is\ GsX√mw hn[-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p∂p? ]mT-`mKw
hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kz¥w \nco-£Ww Ipdn-°p-I.
""hogvN]‰nb kmw_kn XeNp‰temsS hmbn¬ \pc∏nfihpambn InS∂p
apcfp∂p. Ftßm´p \oßWsa∂dnbmsX hncfp∂p. HSphn¬ sas√ Hcp
\mKsØt∏mse ap≥]n¬ I≠ Afbnte°v Cg™pt]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p.''
˛ Fkv.-sI.s]ms‰°m´v
""sh¨]Xbmbn HgpInhogp∂ sh≈®m´sØ s]mXn™psIm≠v DbcpIbpw
XmgpIbpw sNøp∂ Pe[qfnIfpsS Xnc»oe PeØns‚ KXn Xmtgt°m
tatet°m F∂ aXn{`aw \Ωnep≠m°p∂p. PeIWnIIfpsS Cu ]d°p∂
ioebpsS hºn® hnkv X rXnbn¬ aghn√pIƒ P\n°pIbpw ambpIbpw
sNøp∂p.'' ˛ k°dnb
ImgvNIsf hmb\°mcptSXpIqSnbm°p∂ amkvacnIX hm°pIƒsIm≠v
krjvSn®ncn°p∂sXßs\sb∂v hniIe\w sNøpI. CØ-c-Øn¬ \n߃
bm{Xbv°n-Sbn¬ I≠ ImgvNIƒ lrZyambn AhXcn∏n°q.
k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-sa-∂m¬ tIhew I≠ ImgvN-I-fpsS hnh-cWw am{X-a-√,
Kuc-h-]q¿W-amb kmaq-lnI˛kmwkvIm-cnI hni-I-e\wIqSn Ah-bn-epƒt®-
cp-∂p-≠v. Xmsg \¬Inb kqN-\-Ifpw ]mT-`m-Khpw Bkv]-Z-am°n {]kvXm-h\
hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.
$ ""sh≈°mcs‚ IÆp]Xn°p∂Xv am{Xta I≠p]nSnØamhpIbpt≈m?''
$ ""sImtfmWnbenkØns‚ AhImihmZßfpsS `mKamWv CØcw
I≠p]nSnØNcn{X߃''
\nßfpsS \mSns\ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂, ct≠m aqt∂m an\n´v ssZ¿Lyap≈
hoUntbm Xbmdm°n ¢mkn¬ AhXcn∏n°pI.
ISepw aebpw ]pgbpw sh≈®m´ßfpsa√mw k©mcnIfpsS a\ n\v F∂pw
Ipfncp ]Icp∂hbmWv. F∂m¬ Hcp \nanjsØ A{i≤ Cu kt¥m-j-ßsf
k¶- S - ß - f m°nØo¿°p∂Xpw \Ωƒ ImWp∂p≠v . CsXm- g n- h m- ° m- \ mbn
kμ¿iIcpsSbpw ]cnÿnXnbpsSbpw kpÿnXn°mbn Nne \nba߃ {i≤m-
]q¿hw ]men°s∏tS- ≠ - X nt√? Ah Fs¥√mamWv ? N¿®sNbv X v
"hnt\mZk©mctaJeIfnse kpc£' F∂ hnjbsØ°pdn®v eLpteJ
Xbmdm°pI.

"]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw kmln-Xyhpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ skan-\m¿ kwL-Sn-∏n°p-I.

sF.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-a-t√m.
hnj-b-kq-N-\-Iƒ
ebmfw

• Ihn-Xbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw
HºXv

• IYbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw
• k©m-c-km-ln-Xyhpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw
•
a

•
 ]q°-sfm-s°bpw hm°p-If
- m-Ip-tºmƒ 25

aXn{`aw ˛ _p≤n{`aw
K¿Øw ˛ Ipgn
]Z-tImiw sIm´Øfw ˛ sh≈w sI´n\n¿Øp∂ Xfw
]cymSI≥ ˛ bm{XnI≥
KK\k©mcn ˛ BImik©mcn
[hfw ˛ shfp∏v
hymfw ˛ ]mºv

Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v

`mKn-I-ambn
]q¿W-ambn

A¸w
am{Xw
IYm-\n-cq-]Ww
$ IYbpsS Bi-bw, ImenI{]k‡n F∂nh Xncn-®-d n--™ n-´p-≠v.
$ IY-bp-sS BJym-\-co-Xn, XpS-°w, hf¿®, HSp-°w, IY-]-d-b¬
F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v [mc-W-bp-≠v.
$ kam-\-I-Y-I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-
∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
$ tbmPn® ]Z-߃, {]tbm-K-߃ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn®v Bi-b-
߃ {Iao-I-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
bm{XmhnhcWw
$ hyXykvXßfmb bm{Xm\p`h߃ hmbn®pw N¿® sNbvXpw
BkzZn°phm≥ Ign™n´p≠v.
$ ImgvNtbbpw A\p`hßtfbpw anI®coXnbn¬ BhnjvIcn°p
hm≥ Ign™n´p≠v.
$ `mjbnepw BJym\Ønepw anIhp ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v.
skan-\m¿
$ Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
$ hnh-c-߃ hni-I-e\w sNøp-Ibpw \nK-a-\-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
ebmfw

$ LS\ ]men®v {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

HºXv

$ ^e-{]-Z-amb Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ (Nm¿´v, Ub{Kw

apX-em-b-h) Xbm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
$ kz¥w \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ bp‡n-k-l-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
a
26 tIcf-ASn-
]m-Tÿ m\]m-
m-hen Tm-hen

Fgp-Øp-Imsc
Adn-bpI

CS-t»cn tKmhn-μ≥\m-b¿ (1906 - 1974)

s]m∂m\nbn¬ P\-\w. Iq´p-Ir-jn, ]pØ≥I-ehpw Acn-hmfpw, Imhnse
]m´v, ]qX-∏m-´v, Hcp]nSn s\√n-°, A¥n-Øn-cn, IdpØ sN´n®n-Iƒ
F∂nh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ. ae-_m-dnse tI{μ Iem-kanXn-bpsS
{]kn-U‚ v, kmln-Xy-{]-h¿ØI kl-I-c-W-kwLw Ub-d-IvS¿ F∂o
\ne-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p. tI{μ kmlnXy A°m-Zan ]pckvImcw, tIcf
kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv, Bim≥ ss{]kv F∂nh e`n-®n-´p≠v.

kpkvtajv Nt{¥mØv
1977 G{]n¬ 1 \v CSp°n Pn√-bnse sh≈-Øq-h-en¬ P\-\w. t\mh-en-
Ãpw I-Ym-IrØpw. Un 9, t]∏¿ temUvPv XpS-ßnb t\m-h-ep-Iƒ,
shbn¬ Nmbp-tºmƒ, \Zn-tbm-cw, Km‘n-am¿Kw, ac-W-hn-Zym-e-bw
(I-Ym-k-am-lm-c-߃), Akm-[m-cW Hm¿Ω-Ifpw km[m-cW A\p-`-h-
ßfpw (te- J - \ - ß ƒ), Aap- Z - ° p- ´ n- b psS Nn{X- { ]- Z ¿i\w (_me
km-ln-Xyw) F∂nh {][m-\- Ir-Xn-Iƒ. tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Zan
]pc-kvImcw 2010. tI{μ-km-lnXy A°m-Za - n-bpsS 2012 se bph kmlnXy
]pc-kvImcw F∂nh e`n-®n-´p-≠v.

k°-dnb
tIm´bw Pn√-bnse Dcp-fn-Ip-∂Øv 1945 Pq¨ 5 \v P\n-®p. sNdp-I-Ym-
IrØpw t\mh-en-Ãp-amWv t]mƒ k-°-dnb F∂ k°-dn-b. cN-\-I-
fpsS Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I-f-S°w ap∏-tXmfw IrXn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-
®n-´p-≠v. U¬ln-bn¬ {]km-[-\-˛-am-[y-a-cw-K-ß-fn¬ 20 h¿j-tØmfw
{]h¿Øn®p. k°-dn--b-bpsS "`mkvI-c-]-t´-ecpw Fs‚ Pohn-Xhpw'
F∂ t\mh- s e‰v ASn- ÿ m- \ - a m°n ASq¿ tKm]m- e - I r- j v W ≥
kwhn-[m\w sNbvX Nn{X-amWv "hnt[-b≥' (1993). kemw Ata-cn-°,
Hcn-S-Øv, B¿°-dn-bmw, IÆmSn Imt◊m-f-hpw, F¥p≠p hntijw ]oem-tØmtk?,
ebmfw

CjvSn-Ibpw Bim-cnbpw F∂nh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ.

HºXv
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