Access ICSE Selina Solutions for Class 10

Science (Biology)
Chapter 11 - Sense Organs

A. Multiple Choice Type

(Select the most appropriate option in each case)

1.Which part of the eye is grafted in a needy patient from a donated eye?

a. Conjunctiva

b. Cornea

c. Choroid

d. Ciliary muscles

Ans: (b.) Cornea

2. Which part of our ear is shaped like a snail shell?

a. Semicircular canals

b. Cochlea

c. Stapes

d. Eustachian Tube

Ans: (b.) Cochlea

3. The three parts of the human ear contributing to hearing are

a. Cochlea, ear ossicles and tympanum

b. Semicircular canals, utriculus and sacculus

c. Eustachian tube, tympanum and utriculus

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d. Perilymph, ear ossicles and semicircular canals

Ans: (a.) Cochlea, ear ossicles and tympanum

4. The region in the eye where the rods and cones are located is the

a. Retina

b. Cornea

c. Choroid

d. Sclera

Ans: (a.) retina

B. Very Short Answer Type

1. Name the following:

a) The photosensitive pigment present in the rods of the retina

Ans: Rhodopsin

b) The part which equalizes the air pressure in the middle and external ear

Ans: Equalizer tube

c) The ear ossicle attached to the tympanum

Ans: Malleus, incus, and stapes

d) The tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat

Ans: Eustachian tube

e) The part of the eye responsible for its shape

Ans: Ciliary body

f) The nerves which transmit impulse from ear to the brain.

Ans: Auditory nerves

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g) The photoreceptors found in the retina of the eye.

Ans: Rods and cones

h) The eye defect caused due to shortening of the eye ball from front to back.

Ans: Hypermetropia

2. Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable
word/ words for the fourth place.

a) Cones: Iodopsin: Rods: ____________

Ans: Rhodopsin

b) Sound: Eardrum: Dynamic balance: ____________

Ans: Semicircular canals

3. Which one or more of the expressions in column II are appropriate for the
items listed in column I? Rewrite the correct matching pairs:

Column I Column II

(i) The blind spot (a) Colour of the eye

(ii) The yellow spot (b) Shape of the eye

(iii) Ciliary muscles (c) Amount of light entering the eye

(iv) Iris (d) Maximum sensory cells

(v) Pupil (e) No sensory cells

Ans:

Column I Column II

(i) The blind spot (e) No sensory cells

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 (ii) The yellow spot (d) Maximum sensory cells

(iii) Ciliary muscles (b) Shape of the eye

(iv) Iris (a) Colour of the eye

(v) Pupil (c) Amount of light entering the eye

C. Short Answer Type questions

1. State whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F). If false, correct it
by changing one single word.

a) Deafness is caused due to rupturing of pinna

Ans: False, Deafness is caused due to rupturing of tympanum.

b) Semicircular canals are concerned with static (positional) balance.

Ans: True.

2. Where are the following located? State their main functions:

a. Yellow Spot

Ans: On the horizontal axis of the eyeball, the yellow spot is virtually in the centre at
the back of the eye. It's the brightest part of your vision, as well as your colour vision.

b. Lacrimal Gland

Ans: The upper sideward portion of the eye orbit contains the lacrimal glands. They
discharge the secretion in the form of tears, that act as a lubricant, antibacterial, and
even clean the eyes of dust particles.

c. Organ of Corti

Ans: The Organ of Corti is located in the middle of the cochlear canal. It assists with
hearing.

d. Semicircular canal

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Ans: In the inner ear, semicircular canals can be found. These aid in maintaining the
body's dynamic homeostasis.

e. Oval Window

Ans: The oval window is in the center of the ear. It aids in the vibration of the fluid in
the cochlear canals.

f. Utriculus

Ans: The inner ear contains the utriculus. It connects the cochlea to the semi-circular
canals. It also aids in regulating the body's static balance.

3. Given below are two sets (a) and (b) of five parts in each. Rewrite them in the
correct sequence.

a. Cochlea, tympanum, auditory canal, ear ossicles, oval window

Ans: Auditory canal, tympanum, ear ossicles, oval window, cochlea

b. Conjuctiva, retina, cornea, optic nerve, lens

Ans: Conjunctiva, cornea, lens, retina, optic nerve

4. Given below are certain structures. Write against them their special functional
activity.

a. Cochlea

Ans: The Cochlea includes the Corti organ, which includes hearing sensory cells.
They use the auditory nerve to send sound signals to the brain.

b. Auditory nerve

Ans: This is the major nerve that originates from the sensory cells in the cochlea.
Sound impulses travel from the inner ear to the brain by this nerve.

c. Retina

Ans: The retina is the light-sensitive innermost layer of the eye. The image of an
object perceived by the eyes is formed by the retina.

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d. Choroid

Ans: The choroid is the eyeball's main vascular layer. The eye receives nutrients from
choroid.

e. Sacculus

Ans: It is a component of the inner ear's semicircular canals. It contains sensory cells
known as macula, that aid in the body's static balance while it is in a stationary
position.

5. Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces.

Structure Function

1. (i) Transfers impulse from inner ear to brain

2. (ii) Help to change the focal length of the eye lens

3. (iii) Dynamic equilibrium

Ans:

Structure Function

1. Auditory Nerve (i) Transfers impulse from inner ear to brain

2. Ciliary Muscle (ii) Help to change the focal length of the eye lens

3. Semicircular Canals (iii) Dynamic equilibrium

6. Name the following:

a. Two Pigments of the sensory cells

Ans: Rhodopsin and iodopsin.

b. Two types of adaptations

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Ans: Dark adaptation and light adaptation.

c. Two kinds of accommodations

Ans: Distant vision accommodation and near vision accommodation.

d. Three layers of the eyeball

Ans: Sclera, choroid and retina.

7. Name the eye defects caused due to each of the following:

Cause Eye Defect

(a) Lens turns opaque

(b) Uneven curvature of the cornea

(c) Deficiency of Vitamin A

(d) Lens loses its flexibility

(e) Eye ball lengthens from front to back

(f) Lens becomes too flat

Ans:

Cause Eye Defect

(a) Lens turns opaque Cataract

(b) Uneven curvature of the cornea Astigmatism

(c) Deficiency of Vitamin A Night Blindness

(d) Lens loses its flexibility Presbyopia

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 (e) Eyeball lengthens from front to back Myopia

(f) Lens becomes too flat Hyperopia

D. Descriptive Type

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Conjunctiva:

Ans: The conjunctiva is a thin connective membrane that surrounds the surface of the
eyeball (bulbar conjunctiva) and reflects back to form the eyelid's inner layer
(palpebral conjunctiva). At the limbus, in which the sclera touches the cornea, this
tissue is firmly attached to the sclera. The conjunctiva contains the auxiliary lacrimal
glands (Krause and Wolfring), as well as goblet cells, which are responsible for
maintaining the eye moist.

(b) Macula Lutea:

Ans: The macula, also known as the macula lutea, is an oval-shaped pigmented area at
the centre of the human and animal retinas. The umbo, foveal avascular zone, foveola,
fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas of the macula in humans have a diameter of
roughly 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and are subdivided into the foveola, umbo, fovea, foveal
avascular zone, parafovea, and perifovea areas.

(c) Adaptation:

Ans: The ability of the retina of the eye to adjust to different levels of light is known
as adaptation.

(d) Ampulla:

Ans: When the body is in motion, the ampulla is the inflated broad section of each
semicircular canal that includes sensory cells called cristae that aid in dynamic
equilibrium or dynamic balance.

2. Differentiate between members of each of the following pairs with reference to

what is given in brackets.

a) Myopia and hyperopia (Cause of the defect)

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Ans:

Myopia Hyperopia

Myopia is produced by thecurvature Hyperopia is caused by the eyeball

of the lens or the lengthening of the shortening or a lens that is overly
eyeball. flat.

b) Rods and cones (Sensitivity)

Ans:

Rods Cones

Rods are light-sensitive. The cones are color sensitive.

c) Semi-circular canal and cochlea (Senses perceived)

Ans:

Semi-circular canal Cochlea

When the body is in motion, the Cochlea is sensitive to sound for

semicircular canal aids in dynamic hearing.
balance.

d) Rod and cone cells (Pigment)

Ans:

Rod Cells Cone Cells

Rod cells have rhodopsin. Cone cells have iodopsin.

e) Dynamic balance and static balance (Definition)

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Ans:

Dynamic balance Static balance

Dynamic balance refers to the

The equilibrium that is maintained
body's ability to retain its
when the body is stationary is
equilibrium while rotating or
known as static balance.
spinning.

3. Give reason:

A. Sometimes medicines dropped into the eye come into the nose and even the
throat.

Ans: As the nasolacrimal duct directs the secretion into the nasal cavity, drugs spilled
into the eyes can often end up in the nose and throat.

B. Three small bones of ear ossicles are advantageous as compared to one single
bone for hearing.

Ans: The vibrations received by the tympanum are transmitted and amplified by three
little bones in the ear called ossicles. The vibrations received by the tympanum would
not be increased if these were substituted by a single bone. As a result, three tiny
ossicles of the ear are preferable than a single bone for hearing.

C. Blind spot is considered as 'area of no vision'.

Ans: Since there are no sensory cells in the blind spot, it is referred to as a 'region of
no vision,' and no picture striking it can be detected.

4. Answer the following:

(a) What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye? Name the muscles of
the eye responsible for the same.

Ans: The power of accommodation refers to the ability to focus the eye at various
distances. The ciliary muscles are in charge of accommodation power.

(b) Mention the characteristics of the image that falls on the retina of the eye.

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Ans: The Characteristics of the image that gets formed on the retina is inverted and
real.

5. Describe the mechanism of focusing the image of a distant object in your eye
when you raise your head after reading a book.

Ans: While reading a book, the lens tends to become more convex or rounded because
of the contraction of ciliary muscles and that is why the book is usually read from a
short distance. When we elevate our heads to look at something far away, the ciliary
muscles relax in order to increase the tension on the suspensory ligament, allowing the
lens to stretch. We can focus on distant objects because of the shift in lens curvature.

6. By closing the eyes and gently pressing them with your palms, you may see
some specs of brilliant light. How do you get this sensation while there is no light
entering your eyes?

Ans: When we look at a bright object and thereafter close our eyes, the light
impression lasts only a few seconds. This is referred to as the persistence image or the
following image. It just lasts a tenth of a second. As a result, we can see some brilliant
light specks by closing your eyes on firmly touching them with our palms.

7. Name the three ear ossicles. How do they contribute in the mechanism of
hearing?

Ans: Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), and Stapes (stirr up) are the three ear ossicles.
The outer ear is where hearing begins. Sound waves, or vibrations, travel through the
external auditory canal and hit the eardrum when a sound is made outside the outer ear
(tympanic membrane). Vibrations are felt in the eardrum. The vibrations are
subsequently transmitted to the ossicles, which are three small bones in the middle ear.
The sound is amplified by the ossicles. They transmit sound waves to the inner ear,
where they are received by the fluid-filled hearing organ (cochlea).Sound waves are
transformed to electrical impulses when they reach the inner ear. These impulses are
sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. These electrical impulses are then translated
into sound by the brain.

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E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL TYPE

1. With reference to the functioning of the eye, answer the questions that follow:

a. What is the shape of the lens during (1) near vision (2) distant?

Ans: Shape of the lens:

Near vision - flattened

Distant - rounded or more convex

b. Name the two structures in the eye responsible for bringing about the change
in the shape of the lens.

Ans: Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligament are the two structures in the eye
responsible for bringing about the change in the shape of the lens.

c. Name the cells of the retina and their respective pigments which get activated
(1) in the dark and (2) in the light.

Ans: The cells of the retina and their respective pigments which get activated:

In the dark: Cells - rod cells, Pigment - rhodopsin

In the light: Cells - cone cells, Pigment - iodopsin

2. With reference to the human ear, answer the questions that follow:

a. Give the technical term for the structure found in the inner ear.

Ans: The inner ear is made up of tubes and channels known as the Labyrinth, which is
made up of two structures: the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth.

b. Name the part of the ear associated with (1) static balance (2) hearing (3)
dynamic balance.

Ans: The malleus, incus, and stapes are three ossicles (or small bones) in the middle
ear that are connected in a chain-like way. They are collectively known as Ear
ossicles.

c. Name the nerve, which transmits messages from the ear to the brain.

Ans: Auditory nerve transmits messages from the ear to the brain.

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3. The figure given below refers to the vertical section of the eye of a mammal.
Study the figure carefully and answer the following questions.

(a) Label the guidelines shown as 1 to 10.

Ans: 1 - Aqueous chamber,

2 - Lens,

3 - Iris,

4 - Cornea,

5 - Conjunctiva,

6 - Sclera,

7 - Choroid,

8 - Retina,

9 - Yellow spot,

10 - Optic nerve (Blind spot)

(b) Write one important role of parts shown as 3 and 7.

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Ans: Part 3- It shows the Iris. Iris has radial and circular muscles that dilate and
constrict the pupil, respectively.

Part 7- It shows Choroid. It's the eyeball's central layer, which is densely packed with
blood vessels and feeds the eye.

(c) Write one structural difference between the parts shown as 9 and 10.

Ans:

Part 9- Yellow spot Part 10 - Optic nerve

It carries sensory cells and

It carries no sensory cells.
especially the cone cells.

(d) Mention one functional difference between the parts shown as 6 and 8.

Ans:

Part 6 - Sclera Part 8 - Retina

Sclera is responsible for giving Retina is responsible for acting as

shape to the eyeball. screen to form image of an object.

4. Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye? Study the same
and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the defect shown in the diagram.

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Ans: Myopia is the defect shown in the diagram.

(b) Give two possible reasons for this defect.

Ans: The two possible reasons for this defect are:-

(i) The lens of the eye becomes convex or curved.

(ii) The eyeball's depth is excessive, i.e. the eyeball is stretched from front to rear.

(c) Name the parts labeled 1 to 4.

Ans: Part 1 - vitreous humour,

Part 2 - blind spot,

Part 3-lens,

Part 4-pupil.

(d) Name the type of lens used to correct this eye defect.

Ans: Concave lens the type used to correct this eye defect.

(e) Draw a labeled diagram to show how the above mentioned defect is rectified
using the lens named above.

Ans:

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5. The figure below is the sectional view of a part of the skull showing a sense
organ:

(i) Name the sense organ.

Ans: Ear

(ii) What are the parts labeled 'm', 'i' and 's'? What do these parts constitute
collectively?

Ans: m - malleus,

i - incus and

s - stapes

These are collectively called ear ossicles.

(iii) What do you call the part shown in the form of a spiral? What is its function?

Ans: Cochlea. Vibrations in the hair of the sense cells in the cochlea transfer the
hearing impulse to the brain through the auditory nerve.

(iv) Name the part labeled 'tm'. What is its function?

Ans: Membrane of the tympanic cavity. In the process of hearing, it vibrates and then
sets the ear ossicles vibrating.

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6. Given below is a diagram of a part of the human ear. Study the same and
answer the questions that follow:

(i) Give the collective biological term for Malleus, Incus and Stapes.

Ans: Ear ossicles is the collective biological term for Malleus, Incus and stapes.

(ii) Name the parts labeled A, B and C in the diagram.

Ans: A - Cochlea,

B - Semicircular canals,

C - Ear ossicles.

(iii) State the functions of the parts labeled 'A' and 'B'.

Ans: Part A- The cochlea aids in the transmission of impulses from the auditory nerve
to the brain.

Part B- The body's dynamic balance is maintained via semicircular canals.

(iv) Name the audio receptor region present in the part labeled 'A'.

Ans: Organ of Corti is the audio receptor region present in the part labeled 'A'.

7. Draw a labeled diagram of the inner ear. Name the part of the inner ear that is
responsible for static balance in human beings.

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Ans:

Utriculus and Sacculus are responsible for maintaining static balance in human beings.

8. Have a look at the posture of this woman who is reading a book and answer the
questions which follow:

(a) What problem is she facing? Name the problem.

Ans: Myopia is the problem that she is facing.

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(b) What are the two conditions shown in sections A and B of the eye as
applicable to her?

Ans: A-Normal eye, B-Myopia

(c) What kind of looking glasses she needs?

Ans: Here, concave-lens looking glasses are required.

9. The figure given below shows the principal parts of a human ear. Study the
diagram and answer the following questions.

(a) Label the parts 1 to 8.

Ans: 1 - External ear (pinna),

2 - Ear drum (tympanum),

3 - Auditory canal,

4 - Malleus,

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5 - Semicircular canals,

6 - Cochlea,

7 - Auditory nerve,

8 - Eustachian tube.

(b) State the role of parts 6, 7 and 8.

Ans: The role of:

Part 6 (Cochlea) - Cochlea is responsible for carrying the sensory cells for hearing.

Part 7 (Auditory nerve) - Auditory Nerve is responsible for transmitting the impulse of
hearing to the brain.

Part 8 (Eustachian tube) - Eustachian tube is responsible for equalizing air pressure on
both the sides of the tympanum.

(c) Why is it harmful to use a sharp object to remove ear wax? Mention the
number and name of the part involved.

Ans: Using a sharp tool to remove ear wax is dangerous since it can rupture the ear
drum. The part involved is part 2 - Ear drum (tympanum).

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