DAISY P.

ABAN BSBA-MM 1C GE – HISTORY

MODULE 1

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Exercise 1. Capture a thing that has historical significance in your own community and Explain
why you consider it as significant.

“RIZAL SHRINE”

José Rizal Shrine, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

Jose Rizal Shrine is a famous landmark and tourist attraction in the province of Nueva Vizcaya
even though it had just been recently constructed and that some parts of it are still in
development. It is located in the town of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. The shrine serves as a
tribute to brave Filipino heroes, and the statues of these 16 patriots can be found througout the
park, the most prominent of which is the second largest statue of the Philippines' national hero,
Dr. Jose Rizal. The large statue gleams in bronze though most of the structure is made out of
fiberglass composite. The shrine is truly a sight to behold, rivalling even historically-themed
parks or structures anywhere in the Philippines. It boasts of modern architectural designs and
layouts, lush gardens, fountains and finely crafted statues. It definitely gives proper homage to
the heroes who have been the cornerstones of Philippine identity and independence.

Exercise 2. Explain in a 3-paragraph essay in Tagalog on the role and significance of History
(or Kasaysayan) during election period with the title: Ang Kasaysayan Tuwing Eleksyon

Ang Kasaysayan Tuwing Eleksyon

Ang kasaysayan o historya ay ginagamit bilang isang pangkalahatang katawagan para

sa impormasyon tungkol sa nakaraan, katulad ng “heolohikang kasaysayan ng daigdig”. Dito
nakasaad ang mga pangyayaring nagpabago sa ating mga buhay.

Tuwing eleksyon hindi maaaring bumoto ka ng walang nalalaman. Ang iyong iboboto ay
mamamahala ng bansa kung saan tayo naninirahan. Dapat ay alamin mo muna kung ano ang
mga nagawa ng mga kandidata; kung may nagawa na ba silang nakatulong o kung may
nagawa na ba silang masama o nakasama sa bansa.

Kailangan mong isipin ang magiging kapakanan ng bansa tuwing ikaw ay boboto. Wala
namang may gustong lalo pang mahirapan ang bansa dahil sa kandidatang ibinoto niyo. Kaya
dapat sa ating pagboto ay maging wais tayo. Isipin kung ito bang mga ito ay karapat dapat
maging opisyales Ng ating bansa

MODULE 2

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

A. Develop an advocacy campaign for students or for the youth adopting the provisions of the
Kartilya ng Katipunan and situating it to the context of your time.

Advocacy Campaign

AIM: Leadership Development for Youths

Situating your advocacy campaign in the Context of today

I have come to think of this advocacy through reflecting what actually lack today towards youth’s
development and I’m sure this advocacy will target not only their skills in leading but also
develops their social impact to society. A lot of advocacies can be implemented but I think its
crucial to success for every individual if they have discovered their skills first in leadership which
can affect not only their future career but also serves as a model for upcoming students and
young people aims for this particular. This advocacy is critical to leveraging the social media
infrastructure in it’s current environment. Students and young people like to use various social
networks. Virtual program implementation it consist of a series of activities that demonstrate and
challenge the learner’s capabilities. Teamwork, morality, respect and inclusiveness for each
other. It’s purpose to help, guide and educate student leaders or youth leaders in the
mobilization of leadership skills through the adoption of the Kartilya clause. Kartilya Ng
Katipunan is the best guide to being as it is. The moral and intellectual foundations that guided
the actions of Catipuneros. As the saying goes “ kabataan ang pagasa Ng Bayan” and this
propaganda will prove it because it will serve aspiring youth leaders.
B. Read the Diary Notes of then President Ferdinand Marcos and answer the following:

(Link of Marcos’ Diary notes: https://news.abs-cbn.com/-depth/09/21/12/his-own-words-marcos-

martial-law)

1. Are the diary notes of Marcos and speech of Aquino illustrative of the political contexts of
the periods? And of the political advocacies and biases of the speaker? Elaborate.

Diary of Marcos Speech of Cory

Marcos diary is an event a new damn event.
Diary note describes the events that existed
and occurred Reign of President Ferdinand
Emmanuel Edralin Marcos. Like the
declaration of Martial Law and why he urged
this dictatorship government. His dream of
making land freed from binding and wealthy.
Corey’s speech feels like a Pitbull American
that stole me / destroyed us freedom of land.
In Corey’s speech, she talked about how she
liberated the country democracy from a
dictatorship. A country that leads to a
revolution and a huge country amount of debt
borrowed from the United States America.

2. On the basis of your sound judgement, how do these speeches raise awareness about
how the country was during the time period cited?

Diary of Marcos Speech of Cory

In democracy, the leader of the party with the
most votes dominate, but nevertheless
answer their political parties and voters.
Democratic government control how people
spend their time and what they believe in.
The democracy system Mob or mass
domination. Greek means “ Dominance by
people”, but it’s a real word democracy
becomes ugly because the majority usually
step on the rights of the minority.
In a dictatorship, the government tightly
controls every aspect of the state and often
prohibit or strictly control groups and
meetings. Dictatorship ignores them personal
rights. Governments and states try to control
all citizens. Through law, police, espionage
and violence. Government and state are the
most important dictatorship.
 3. Compare and contrast the appeals made by both presidents. Weigh both sides carefully
and then make an objective evaluation of the points raised.
The martial law that was proclaimed by Marcos was well planned and before the implement a
plan he ask permissions first to his members if they are agree with it or not. In the speech of
Corey she just discussed the effort and the contributions they made with her husband. Her
speech encourage people that their administration with her husband is better than the
administration of Marcos.

VII. ASSIGNMENT
Develop your own political caricature illustrating the problems of the Philippines society today,
then write a short editorial about it.

A lot of people in the Philippines suffer from poverty. This can cause a chain reaction (like
people never getting an education; or trying to find a job but never getting accepted as they
have no educational background). Having poverty is unfair, unethical, and dangerous. The
Philippines should abolish poverty because it’s people deserve to be free of it.
Poverty in the Philippines is one of the most serious problems that the government must deal
with. In relation to it’s nature, poverty in the Philippines arose from the rapid population growth
in the country. Poverty causes many Filipinos to not pursue their education. Others seem to be
contented of their lives as poor. Many parents cannot afford to send their children to school
because of the financial problem. The majorities who are affected of this problem are those who
are living in the mountain areas because some of them are lived in miles away from school. This
is because it is easier for them to steal than to go through getting or finding a job.
VIII. EVALUATION
Read Andres Bonifacio’s Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa and provide a context and content
analysis.
(NOTE: THIS WILL BE CONSIDERED AS YOUR QUIZ FOR THE CHAPTER)

Author’s Background
Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in the slums of Tondo Manila and died on
May 10, 1897 at Maragondon Cavite. His parents were Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina De
Castro. Andres Bonifacio was a Filipino Revolutionary leader and the president of Tagalog
Republic. He is often called The Father of the Philippine Revolution. He is also the founder and
later supremo of the Kataas – taasang, Kagalang – galangang ng mga anak Ng Bayan or
commonly known as the Katipunan. Andres Bonifacio is also one of the national hero of the
Philippines.

Situation/ Condition of the times

The poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa is one of the composition of Andres Bonifacio regarded
as a Father of the Philippine Revolution, for he lead the Philippines revolutionaries in asserting
and defending the Filipinos right to liberty from the Spanish rule. During his time he observed
that Filipinos were not free and they are enslaved by Spanish and Catholic church. That’s why
he founded the Katipunan on July 7, 1892, to gain independence from Spain. Also he
encourage the use of vernacular in the association and opted to write in Tagalog to show his
love for his native language. Then he wrote the poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa that
symbolizes the importance of nationalism and protecting people’s identity. This poem was
published in the first issue of kalayaan under the initial name of A.I.B which was believed that it
stands for Agapito Bagumbayan.

Context
Aling pag-ibig pa ang hihigit kaya
Sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakila
Gaya ng pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa?
Alin pag-ibig pa? Wala na nga, wala.

Ulit-ulitin mang basahin ng isip

At isa-isahing talastasing pilit
Ang salita’t buhay na limbag at titik
Ng isang katauhan ito’y namamasid.
Banal na pag-ibig pag ikaw ang nukal
Sa tapat na puso ng sino’t alinman,
Imbit taong gubat, maralita’t mangmang
Nagiging dakila at iginagalang.

Pagpupuring lubos ang nagiging hangad

Sa bayan ng taong may dangal na ingat,
Umawit, tumula, kumatha’t sumulat,
Kalakhan din nila’y isinisiwalat.

Walang mahalagang hindi inihandog

Ng pusong mahal sa Bayang nagkupkop,
Dugo, yaman, dunong, katiisa’t pagod,
Buhay ma’y abuting magkalagot-lagot.

Bakit? Ano itong sakdal nang laki

Na hinahandugan ng buong pag kasi
Na sa lalong mahal kapangyayari
At ginugugulan ng buhay na iwi.

Ay! Ito’y ang Inang Bayang tinubuan,

Siya’y ina’t tangi na kinamulatan
Ng kawili-wiling liwanag ng araw
Na nagbibigay init sa lunong katawan.

Sa kanya’y utang ang unang pagtanggap

Ng simoy ng hanging nagbigay lunas,
Sa inis na puso na sisinghap-singhap,
Sa balong malalim ng siphayo’t hirap.

Kalakip din nito’y pag-ibig sa Bayan

Ang lahat ng lalong sa gunita’y mahal
Mula sa masaya’t gasong kasanggulan.
Hanggang sa katawan ay mapasa-libingan.

Ang nangakaraang panahon ng aliw,

Ang inaasahang araw na darating
Ng pagka-timawa ng mga alipin,
Liban pa ba sa bayan tatanghalin?

At ang balang kahoy at ang balang sanga

Na parang niya’t gubat na kaaya-aya
Sukat ang makita’t sa ala-ala
Ang ina’t ang giliw lampas sa saya.

Tubig niyang malinaw sa anaki’y bulog

Bukal sa batisang nagkalat sa bundok
Malambot na huni ng matuling agos
Na nakaka aliw sa pusong may lungkot.

Sa aba ng abang mawalay sa Bayan!

Gunita ma’y laging sakbibi ng lumbay
Walang ala-ala’t inaasam-asam
Kundi ang makita’ng lupang tinubuan.

Pati na’ng magdusa’t sampung kamatayan

Wari ay masarap kung dahil sa Bayan
At lalong maghirap. O! himalang bagay,
Lalong pag-irog pa ang sa kanya’y alay.

Kung ang bayang ito’y nasa panganib

At siya ay dapat na ipagtangkilik
Ang anak, asawa, magulang, kapatid
Isang tawag niya’y tatalikdang pilit.

Datapwa kung bayan ano ang bayan ng ka-Tagalogan

Ay nilalapastangan at niyuyurakan
Katwiran, puri niya’t kamahalan
Ng sama ng lilong ibang bayan.

Di gaano kaya ang paghinagpis

Ng pusong Tagalog sa puring nalait
At aling kaluoban na lalong tahimik
Ang di pupukawin sa paghihimagsik?

Saan magbubuhat ang paghihinay

Sa paghihiganti’t gumugol ng buhay
Kung wala ring ibang kasasadlakan
Kundi ang lugami sa kaalipinan?

Kung ang pagka-baon niya’t pagka-busabos

Sa lusak ng daya’t tunay na pag-ayop
Supil ng pang-hampas tanikalang gapos
At luha na lamang ang pinaa-agos
Sa kanyang anyo’y sino ang tutunghay
Na di-aakayin sa gawang magdamdam
Pusong naglilipak sa pagka-sukaban
Na hindi gumugol ng dugo at buhay.

Mangyari kayang ito’y masulyap

Ng mga Tagalog at hindi lumingap
Sa naghihingalong Inang nasa yapak
Ng kasuklam-suklam na Castilang hamak.

Nasaan ang dangal ng mga Tagalog,

Nasaan ang dugong dapat na ibuhos?
Bayan ay inaapi, bakit di kumikilos?
At natitilihang ito’y mapanuod.

Hayo na nga kayo, kayong nanga buhay

Sa pag-asang lubos na kaginhawahan
At walang tinamo kundi kapaitan,
Kaya nga’t ibigin ang naaabang bayan.

Kayong antayan na sa kapapasakit

Ng dakilang hangad sa batis ng dibdib
Muling pabalungit tunay na pag-ibig
Kusang ibulalas sa bayang piniit.

Kayong nalagasan ng bunga’t bulaklak

Kahoy niyari ng buhay na nilanta’t sukat
Ng bala-balakit makapal na hirap
Muling manariwa’t sa baya’y lumiyag.
Kayong mga pusong kusang inuusal
Ng daya at bagsik ng ganid na asal,
Ngayon magbangon’t baya’y itanghal
Agawin sa kuko ng mga sukaban.

Kayong mga dukhang walang tanging sikap

Kundi ang mabuhay sa dalita’t hirap,
Ampunin ang bayan kung nasa ay lunas
Sapagkat ang ginhawa niya ay sa lahat.

Ipahandog-handog ang buong pag-ibig

Hanggang sa mga dugo’y ubusang itangis
Kung sa pagtatanggol, buhay ay mapatid
Ito’y kapalaran at tunay na langit

Analysis

Bonifacio’s poem was one of the strong piece that encourage Filipinos to fight for our country as
it states that The greatest love that is the love for one’s country. It was also told that love should
be the reason for one to seek for justice and fight for independence. Overall, this poem is all
about being proud of one’s nationality and country, we should love, praise and fight for our
country no matter what happens. This poem makes me proud to be a Filipino and we are lucky
enough that we have hero like Andres Bonifacio who fought and battled to save his fellowmen
and specially to save our country against those foreign invaders.
 MODULE 3
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

A. Complete the following boxes by writing three information’s you learned on the account given
by Antonio Pigafetta and Francisco Albo on their claims about the place where the first mass
was held in the country.

BUTUAN MAZAU

1) In Albo’s account, he didn’t say the first
Mass but as it were the planting of the
cross upon a mountain top from which
can be seen three islands to the west and
southwest, where they were told there
was much gold.
Pigafetta specified in his account that the first
Mass was held in Mazaua, Butuan on Easter
Sunday, March 31. It is complete and is
strengthened by pieces of proving to count the
date of the event conjointly the location.

In Pigafetta account, a pivotal perspective of

2) Corresponding to Albo, Magellan arrived
at Butuan, to begin with, then to
Limasawa, and after that to Cebu. The first
Catholic Mass within the Philippines
happened on March 31, 1521, fair three
days after Ferdinand Magellan landed on
the Philippines shore.
Butuan was not said, the river. Butuan is a
riverine settlement, arranged on the Agusan
River. The shoreline of Mazaua is within the
delta of the said river. It could be an inquisitive
exclusion within the account of the river,
which makes a portion of the unmistakable
characteristics f Butuan’s geology that
appeared to be as well critical to be missed.

3) In Albo’ account where he only specified
the planting of thee cross upon a
mountain hill, it does not suit the coast of
Butuan from which no island could be
seen to the south or the southwest, but as
it were towards the north. It also fits the
southern conclusion of Limasawa.
In Albo’s account, the area of Mazaua fits the
location of the island of Limasawa, at the
southern tip of Leyte, 9°54°N. In this way,
assuming that the first Mass within the nation
happened in Limasawa.

B. Answer the following questions briefly but COMPREHENSIVELY.

1. Do you believe that the Cavite Mutiny was instigated by the three priests
(GOMBURZA)? Support your answer.
 No, I don’t believe that the Cavite Mutiny was implicated by the three priest
( GOMBURZA). The GOMBURZA was one of the victims of the Cavite Mutiny. They
were executed at the Luneta on February 28, 1872, due to the untrue allegations of the
conspiracy and subversion, taking an assumed dynamic part within the Cavite Mutiny. In
less complex words, they were labeled as the masterminds of the rebellion. I don’t
believe this mainly because the essential cause of mutiny is affirmed to be an order from
Governor-General Rafael de Isquierdo to subject the soldiers of the Engineering and
 Artillery Corps. To individual charges , from which they were already excluded. The
taxes required them to pay a money related sum as well as to perform constrained labor
called “ polo y sevicio”. The uprising started on January 20, when the laborers got their
pay and realized the charges as well as the falla, the fine one paid to be excluded from
constrained labor, had been deducted from their pay rates.

2. Whose perspective do you believe regarding the Cavite Mutiny? Why?

 For me, I believe in the Filipino perspective of the Cavite Mutiny because it is true that
due to the chaos between Philippines and Spain, many innocent Filipinos including not
only Filipino army but also residents of Cavite and Manila were affected by this conflict.
Spanish friars also took advantage and used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful weapon in
attacking us, Filipinos. I also believe that the GOMBURZA were false accused but still
executed and convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny were sentenced to
life in prison.

C. Reflection regarding the Cry of Balintawak or Pugad Lawin. What does the “Cry of
Balintawak” or “Cry of Pugadlawin” signify?

 The Philippine Revolution against over 300 years of Spanish rule began with Andres
Bonifacio, leader of the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society that sought
independence for the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule.

In August 1896, in the sitio of Pugad Lawin in Balintawak, now part of Quezon City, the
Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio rose up in revolt by tearing up their “cedulas”
shouting the battle cry “ Long live Philippine Independence” which became a sign of
enslavement of the Filipinos.

This event called the “ Cry of Pugad Lawin”, officially regarded as the start of the
Philippine Revolution against Spain with the use of violence and arms. The revolt later
grew in strength and spread to eight provinces including Manila, Bulacan, Cavite,
Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija – which were eventually
represented by the eight rays of the sun in the present Filipino Flag.

The Cry of the Rebellion in Pugad Lawin marked the beginning of the Philippines
Revolution in 1896 which ultimately led to Philippine Independence in 1898. After
Bonifacio’s death on May 10, 1897, in Maragondon, Cavite, General Emilio Aguinaldo
continued the revolution. He declared the independence of the country from Spain on
June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite.
VII. ASSIGNMENT
Write a position paper regarding the Retraction of Dr. Rizal. Support your position or your
personal view (whether he retracted or not) by stating evidences from your readings. (30 points)

Did Rizal Retracted or Not?

It is still unclear whether or not our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, retracted his anti –
Catholic views. Several historians claim that Rizal retracted his anti – Catholic ideas in a
document that stated “I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writing, publications, and
conduct have been contrary to my character as a son of Catholic Church”. However, Nidoy
(2013) questions the authencity of the document because there is no certificate of Rizal’s
Catholic marriage to Josephine Bracken. There is also a claim that the retraction document was
forged.
Others believe that the alleged retraction of Rizal was invented by the friars to deflect
Rizal’s heroism, which was centered on the friar abuses (Uckung, 2012). Dr. Agusto De Viana,
head of the Department of History at UST, believes Rizal retracted and only renounce
freemasonry, not his nationalistic works. He also stated that it is impossible to forge his
retraction letter because witnesses were said to be present during Rizal’s signing and that the
evidence speaks for itself. In terms of Rizal’s character, he believes that Rizal was human, not
perfect, and that everyone has flaws. He also stated that he believes Rizal wanted to die in
peace, which is why he retracted (“An Argument on Whether Rizal Retracted or Not,” 2018).
Rizal, I believe, was a believer in God, in Divine Providence, from the beginning of his
life until his death. He may have questioned the Catholic teachings presented by the friars at
some point in his life, but he never questioned God’s love for him. He had always believed in
Him, but he was deeply dissatisfied with the twisted ways of the friars who ran the church and
the government during the Spanish regime.
If the “retraction letter” written and signed by Rizal was genuine, I believe he was force
to sign it. Perhaps he or his family was threatened in order for him to write that “retraction letter”.
After all, what advantage would Rizal gain from converting to the church? And I believe that
someone like him, a man of his word and conviction, would not back down from what he said
and did against the church because he knew it was corrupt. In my opinion, he was seriously
pressured or threatened because this was exactly what the Archbishop of Manila desired.
I believe we should simply appreciate what Rizal has done for our country. He opened
the Filipino’ s eyes to the cruelty of the Spaniards. He reawakened our understanding of
nationalism, and that is sufficient. His contributions to the country will not change.
VIII. EVALUATION
The Tejeros Convention: A Comparative Analysis
Mga Gunita Ng Himagsikan Memoirs of a General
Background of  Born March 22, 1869 in
the Author Kawit, Cavite.
 A Revolutionary leader,
became a “Cabeza de
Barangay” of Binakayan in
Kawit, Cavite when he was
only 17 years old
 At the age of 25, Emilio was
appointed as the first
“Gobernadorcillo Capitan
Municipal “ or “ Municipal
Gobernador- Captain” of
Cavite.
 On March 1897 when the
two factions of Katipunan
gathered together in Tejeros
for an election, Emilio
Aguinaldo was elected by
the assemblage as the
president of the Philippines.
 He died due to a heart attack
on February 6, 1964 in
Quezon City, Philippines at
the age of 94.
When was the
account  Mga Gunita Ng Himagsikan
written? was written in Tagalog
(Consider the between 1928 and 1946.
context)
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio
Key  General Emilio Aguinaldo
Personalities  General Mariano Trias
 Heneral Emiliano Riego de
Dios
 Heneral Daniel Tirona
 Revolutionary general and
founder and honorary
president of the first
directorate of the Nacionalista
party.
 Born on Imus, Cavite on July
25, 1872.
 Known as the kidlat Ng Apoy
because of his inflamed
courage and commitment as
commander in the battle of
Dalhican, Cavite.
 He died at the age of 58 on
October 30, 1930 in San
Pablo City and was buried at
the San Pablo Municipal
Cemetery.
 Was written at the same time
when the events occurred.
 Was first published in 1920s
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio
 Emilio Aguinaldo
 Daniel Tirona – broke The
meeting rules and insulted
the elected
 Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo –
leaer of Magdalo
 Santiago V. Alvarez
( Magdiwang)

Sequencing of  Aguinaldo was the first
Events President of the country and
a recognized military
strategist.
 In September 1896 , Filipino
forces under Aguinaldo
surprised the enemy.
 In the battle of Zapote, the
Filipinos had an initial
advantage when the bridge
leading to Cavite was
dismantled and replaced by
every weak materials made
of bamboos and a little
amount of soil.
The Differences  The author focused on the
between the two events about the chaos
accounts between Philippines and
Spain
 The contributions and roles
of Emilio Aguinaldo was
highlighted.
 The context and idea of the
author was precise and easy
to understand.
 It was a direct to the point
events and complete details.
Critical analysis The primary source studied conflict
of the between Andres Bonifacio, the
differences original leader of the Philippines
Revolution of 1896, and Emilio
Aguinaldo, the man who succeeded
him. It argues that a key cause of
that conflict was the difference in the
way that the two men conducted
 Mariano Alvarez
 Cayetano Topacio
 The Tejeros Convention was
the meeting held on March
22, 1987 between the
Magdiwang Ang Magdalo
factions of the Katipunan at
San Francisco de Malabon,
Cavite.
 Andres Bonifacio won over
Mariano Alvarez as the
secretary of the interior.
 Misunderstanding arose
between Andres Bonifacio
and Daniel Tirona
 The Magdalo members did
not came to the reconciliation
meeting.
 Those elected in Tejeros
Convention knelt before the
crucifix.
 Magdalo troops guard the
oat- taking ceremonies in
parish in Tanza.
• The author focused more on what
happened during the election and did
not mention any event that happened
after the election was done.
• In this account, the
misunderstanding that arose
between General Apoy and Mr.
Montenegro
• Alvarez Memoir of a General is
straight to the point narration.
• It was concise, but it did not lack in
detail to understand what went down
during the event.
Alvarez’s account was not detailed
enough to really understand about
what happened even before and
even after of the event. It only briefly
explained the situation unlike the 2nd
reading that is much more detailed of
the occurrences.
 military operations against Spain. Alvarez’s account focuses more on
Bonifacio adopted a consultative the election that occurred and how
approach to warfare, derived from a the officers opposed to Bonifacio’s
preconquest leadership style, decision of declaring it as null and
whereas Aguinaldo favored a void.
centralized, hierarchical military
approach, relying on bureaucratic
arrangements similar to those in the
Spanish colonial regime. It suggest
too that the Bonifacio – Aguinaldo
conflict might be best viewed
through a Weberian theoretical
prism as an example of the ongoing
struggle between charismatic and
bureaucratic authority.
Your conclusion For me, this is more reliable Memoirs of General narrates the
or position of because this is considered as personal experiences and
which is more relevant to the rand narrative o the observations of it’s author as a
reliable, and Philippine history since it does not general during the Philippine
why. only contain memoirs of Emilio Revolution of which both Katipunan
Aguinaldo but also contains and the government that succeeded
historical information about Filipino it championed with great vigor.
ancestors. Similarly, it shows how
the people of our country had This gives an account to the
passionately fought back against the successes as well as failures, and
Spaniards in order to gain our team. bravery as well as brutality of the war
l, providing raw materials for
Mga Gunita Ng Himagsikan, would recreating this aspect of the Filipino
also provide the people an idea past.
what is the importance of knowing
all the things that happen in the
Gunitang Himagsikan. It is an
attempt of Emilio Aguinaldo to wash
his hands on the tragic death of
Andres Bonifacio. Thus, it is a way
of vindicating himself from negative
aspersions against him. It gives us
an insight into the personal thoughts
and feelings of Aguinaldo which will
help in a deeper understanding of
Philippines.

MODULE 4
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Textual Analysis / Essay Requirements:
Malolos Constitution

1. How does the Malolos Constitution define sovereignty?

 Malolos Constitution shows that is has sovereignty and that it resides exclusively in
the people. In the said constitution, the Philippine Republic is free and independent.
The citizens of the Philippines has the power, and that power is to give power to the
person that would be elected to lead our country into the development, not only of
the economy, but to develop all the resources that our country has.

2. What is republic? Do you think it is the most appropriate form of government for the
Philippines? Explain your answer.

 According to Oxford Dictionary, a republic is a state in which supreme power is held

by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or
nominated president rather than a monarch.

In my perspective, democracy is the most appropriate form of government for the

Philippines because in this form of government, people have the privilege to choose
a person or a group of persons to lead the country.

3. How should a republic exercise its power based on the Malolos Constitution?

 The Government of the Republic is popular, representative, alternative, and

responsible, and shall exercise three distinct powers: namely, the legislative, the
executive, and the judicial.
The most important aspect of that Constitution was the rights given to individual
citizens. The constitution specifically provided for safeguards against abuses and
enumerated the national and individual rights not only of the Filipinos but of aliens.
The rights of Filipinos and aliens were extensive for the time and place. Basically, it
was a very Lockean constitution, which promoted the idea of a contract between the
governed and the government. The legislative powers were exercised by the
Assembly of Representatives composed of delegates elected according to law. The
most powerful branch of government was the legislature.

This was a forward-looking constitution, greatly focussed on civil rights and the total
separation of the 3 branches of government.
4. Why do you think does the Malolos Constitution put so much emphasis on the protection
and promulgation of the rights of citizens?
  The Malolos Constitution put so much emphasis in the protection and promulgation
of the rights of the citizen because we are a democratic county. Democracy refers to
a form of government that the population controls who would their state.

1987 Constitution

1. Why do you think that instead of ruling under the 1973 Constitution after she was installed
as president, Cory Aquino chose to abrogate the very same document (1973 constitution)?

 We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to
establish a government that shall embody our ideals, promote the general welfare,
conserve and develop the patrimony of our Nation, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity the blessings of democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty, and
equality, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

2. If you are the president now, what regulations during the Marcos era do you want to repeal?
Explain your answer.

 I think I would suggest to change some of the rules for martial law like for instance, a
person that is against the government back then could be detained just for a day so
that it can be a bit fair. In terms if the person was a communist or very suspiciously a
communist, or desiring to be a communist or a rebels, he/she must be detained for a
month for interrogation.

Explanation:
But actually, if I were given a chance to a president, I wouldn’t amend it because he
imposed martial law to stop the lying all over the Philippines and rebellion and communism
takeover. I may not lived during martial law, but witnesses and videos can explain it.

3. In your own opinion, what can be possible drawbacks if we go for constitutional change for
the 1987 constitution? Explain clearly.

 There are several provisions that needs to be clarified it is open to abuse that while
the Constitution may have its flaws, now is not the time to change it as partisanship
runs thick. This is a very partisan period in our history and it is no time to do these
things…The risks that constitutional reform might be used as an excuse for
extending stays in office and shifting to federalism are just too great to offset the
need to make these changes. Skepticism towards Charter Change is rooted in the
Marcos era when Marcos changed the Constitution to duck term limits. We have a
 distrust of our politicians to the point that we do not trust them to tinker with the
fundamental law of the land. Every attempt to amend the 1987 Constitution was met
with skepticism that they were mere ploys to eliminate term limits, Since that trust
was betrayed, politicians have not earned our respect. The 1987 Constitution is not
perfect but it is a good document.

4. Would you also call to change our current form of government to federal form ? Explain
clearly.

The unitary presidential form of government mandated by the current 1987 Constitution isn’t
helpful for the rest of the country as the only prioritized region by the current centralized
government is the national capital, Manila.

 For me, I would not call for the change of our current form of government into federal
form because our form of government is already considered the best form even it is
not perfect. Democracy is considered superior form because it is in line with Human
dignity. As a constitutional democracy, Philippines find itself perfectly within this
constitutional reform context. The way our president rule our country is already
enough. So there’s no need to change it.

VII. ASSIGNMENT

A. In light of your understanding of the past through the lens of the different constitutions adapted,
make a list of your recommendations or solutions to the following present-day political problems:

1. Corruption
 To stop and provide solutions for it, I would like to suggest that during election,
every citizens must choose their representatives. They must choose a good
leader who is responsible and trustworthy, and the most important of all a leader
who doesn’t corrupt the money of citizens for his/her own sake. So, during
election citizens should be wise in choosing their representatives.
 In addition, promote transparency and access of information. It should be
available and accessible among citizens So that the others may also know the
current situation of our community or country. With this it can help to reduce or
stop corruption.

2. Political Dynasties
 To solve it, I would suggest that political dynasties should ban and only one
member of the family is allowed to run for a position. Political dynasties should be
 ban or remove because it also a one reason why there is a government officials
who corrupt the money of citizens.

3. Qualifications of Public Officials

 He/She must be a natural born Filipino
 Must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the election is held.
 A registered voter and the most important of all is he/she must able to read and
write.

B. Assuming that you are to revise our current constitution (1987 constitution), present a revised
content/parts of the constitution.

 All Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall, upon
assumption of office, make a full disclosure of their financial and business interests.
They shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise
from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authors.

No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may hold any other office or
employment in the Government, or any subdivision, agency, or instrumentality
thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries,
during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office
which may have been created or the emoluments thereof increased during the term
for which he was elected.

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for
disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members,
suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall not
exceed sixty days. Each House shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and from
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in its judgment, affect
national security; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-
fifth of the Members present, be entered in the Journal. Each House shall also keep
a Record of its proceedings.

MODULE 5
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITY ( Essay)

Land is important for human beings because of its interstice value. Land is used for
various things like agriculture, forestry, mining, building homes, roads, and setting up of
commercial industries. Other than this, land is the only resource that gives habitation to a large
number of flora and fauna. Land provides them all necessaries of life-food, clothing and shelter.
Without land no organism can survive, even their existence cannot be dreamt without land.
Hence land is very useful to us. Nature has provided land to us. It is a prime resource. Land is a
resource that is required by all human beings despite their color, race, gender, sex, nationality,
religion, etc. Humans use the foundation of land for dwellings, the crops of land for eating, the
grass of land for grazing, and the timber of land for building. Land brings with it the minerals and
fuel beneath, and it receives humanity’s waste. The land sustains every aspect of our lives,
providing fundamental life-support systems and the foundation of our economy and society. It is
the place we stand. And also the place we act. It is where we make decisions that affect not just
the land, but also water, oceans, air, and atmosphere, and the life they support.
Land is one of the most important components of the life supporting system and has over-used and
abused. Demands for food, fibre, fuel and shelter at a reasonable costs or not. It includes all natural
resources that we can get free from air, water and land. It covers the land surface, whether level or
mountainous. It includes oceans, lakes and rivers, mineral deposits, rainfall, water-power, fisheries,
forests and numerous other things which nature provides and man uses. The term ‘land’ thus embraces
all that nature has created on the earth, above the earth, and below the earth’s surface. Dr. Marshall
has therefore defined land thus: “By land is meant not merely land in the strict sense of the word, but
whole of the materials and forces which nature gives freely for man’s aid in land, water, in air and light
and heat.”
Land as a factor of production is of immense importance. As has already been pointed out, everything
that we use can be traced ultimately to land. Land may be rightly called the original source of all
material wealth. Our land environment also provides the habitat for many of our indigenous plants and
animals – many of which exist nowhere else on Earth. Land provides food and materials, such as timber,
and supports ecosystem services, such as the filtering of water.
Agrarian Reform has contributed to the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of landless
farmers and political development of the Philippines in terms of engaging the landless in the process of
policy making and distribution of large private land holdings to the landless. Basically, Agrarian reforms
are measures that aim at changing power relations. By abolishing large landed property and feudal
production systems, the rural population should be appeased and integrated into society, and this
would contribute to the political stability of the country. The Agrarian reform contributed to relieving
the unemployment pressure and increasing Agricultural production and productivity, although it could
not prevent a massive exodus of rural populations from the mountains and the most marginal areas.
These include higher farm income and yield, improved land tenure, access to market and credit, and
reduction of poverty incidence among farmer-beneficiaries.
The most Important reasons for land reform at the economic level are to raise agricultural productivity
and to strengthen food security and to lessen poverty for rural households. One of the important impact
of land reforms is that it has paved the way to change the subsistence farming into commercial farming.
Commercial and modern agriculture has led to leasing of land by big farmers from small cultivators.
 Its goals are to provide landowners equality in terms of income and opportunities, empower land
owner beneficiaries to have equitable land ownership, enhance agricultural production and productivity,
provide employment to more agricultural workers, and put an end to conflicts regarding land
ownership. Agrarian reform is defined as redistribution and rectification of agricultural lands. And it
place a huge role in the developmnet of our country by promoting social equity and new economic
opportunities through building partnerships and makes the country side economically viable towards
sustainable rural developments.
The solution Is for the government to follow the law and provide the necessary support services. But
realizing the government’s poor track record in this area, the private sector must now get involved.
Economies of scale, optimal technologies and market access must be promoted aggressively by the
private sector. The ultimate solution of the agrarian distress lies in improving farm productivity and
reducing the weather/market risks. This requires large investment in agriculture by the government as
farmers may not be in position to do so given their financial condition. This is also a solutions, (i)
Afforestation over deforested areas. (ii) Proper management of grazing on permanent pastures. (iii) In
areas where, desertification has taken place, growing thorny bushes. (iv) Proper discharge and disposal
of industrial effluents after treatment.

VII. ASSIGNMENT
Create a poster showing your vision of a perfect agrarian reform or condition in the Philippines.
 MODULE 6
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITY
Create a graphical presentation that will show the evolution and development of Philippine
Taxation. After which, provide an explanation of your graphical presentation which shall serve
as a summary on how the Philippine mechanism of taxation evolved through time, from Pre-
colonial Era up to the Duterte Administration.
 Ancient Filipino

1987
Invansion of
Sedula Philippine Train Law
Spaniards
constitution

EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE TAXATION

Explanation
It all started from the Ancient Filipinos, where they pay their taxes to their Datu or the Chiefs for
the protection they gave to them, the tax was termed buwis. Everyone is required to pay their
taxes, except for the Datu/Chieftain’s household. Punishment for not paying taxes was also
implemented on this period.
The arrival or invasion of the Spanish People from 1521 to 1898 gave the Filipinos modern
concepts of taxation, wherein 16 years old to 60 years old were forced to pay tributes or tributo
to the King of Spain through the Colonial Government worth 8 reales or 1 peso per year, but
there are also other forms of payment like gold, chickens, textile, rice and forced labor or Polo Y
Servicio
In 1884, the tribute was abolished and was replaced by the cedula or sedula, a certificate
identifying the tax payer that needs to be carried all the time. If someone is not able to present
their cedula to a guardia civil they will be imprisoned for being “indocumentado”, which means
that they lack valid document or legal personal identification necessary to prove their identity.
It was followed by the 1987 Philippine Constitution, stating that it “sets limitations on the
exercise of the power to tax. The rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable. The congress
shall evolve a progressive system of taxation”, wherein the Philippines covers both national and
local. National Taxes refer to national internal revenue taxes imposed and collected by the
national government through the BIR or Bureau of Internal Revenue, while the Local Taxes is
those imposed and collected by the local government.
Lately the current President of the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte, implemented the
TRAIN Law or Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion which was signed last January 01,
2018, which seeks to correct a number of deficiencies in the tax system to make it simpler,
fairer, and more efficient. Wherein the rich will have a bigger contribution and the poor will
benefit more from the government’s program and services.

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Create your own editorial article about the TRAIN Law. Deliver your opinion regarding the topic
in a professional manner, and make sure you have researched, read, and understood the topic
for you to be able to impart truthful ideas. Finally, make sure you are writing not only to share
your opinion, but also to influence critical thinking and also, to recommend solutions about this
contemporary issue.
VII. ASSIGNMENT
List in the table below five historical and cultural heritage found in your province. Then
identify if it is historical or cultural heritage. (20 points)

NAME TYPE

1. Saint Vincent Ferrer Cultural Heritage

2. The Largest Rizal Shrine Cultural Heritage

3. People’s Museum and Library Historical Heritage

4. Saint Dominic Cathedral Cultural Heritage

5. Dampol Bridge Historical Heritage

VIII. EVALUATION
Complete the succeeding table below as your guide. Choose an antique such as old
coins, old photo, artwork, furniture that refers to your family local history or about family
traditions. Research on its present condition/situation such as if it is well-preserved and became
a memento/ personal collection of who, and if it need urgent safeguarding/safekeeping or
improvement. What is its importance or significance to your family or community? Write your
references or name of person you interview in your household. Data completion: 20 points.

Philippine Coins: Fifty Centavos English Series

Name
Year Made / 1958 - 1964
Established

Features “Lady Liberty” striking an anvil with a hammer symbolizing

Short Description the work done by the United States in establishing a progressive
Philippines.

The erupting volcano in the background of the coins is Mt. Mayon.

Mt. Mayon is a sacred and active stratovolcano in the province of
Albay in Bicol Region.

The Inscription around the coat of arms was changed to “Central

Bank of the Philippines”.
Coin type: Standard circulation Coin
Composition: Nickel brass
Weight: 10g
Diameter: 30.3 mm
Shape: Round
Edge: Reeded

History The 1958 and 1964 Fifty Centavos are usually mistaken as valuable
and made of silver. There is ground for the confusion because the
earlier issues of Fifty Centavos (1903-1945) were made of silver;
and also, the front (obverse) of the 1958,1964 have the same
design as their silver counterparts -a beautiful lady with hammer on
hand and Mayon Volcano at the background. BUT TO
EMPHASIZE, THE 1958 and 1964 FIFTY CENTAVOS ARE NOT
SILVER.

The coin was originally designed by a Filipino artist in California,

Melicio Figueroa. It is said that the model for the lady in the coin is
her daughter, Blanca. At the time this coin circulated, the daily
minimum wage in Greater Manila Area was Four Pesos (1951,
R.A.602) and was later raised to Six Pesos (1965, R.A.4180). Fifty
Centavos still commands a purchasing power at that time.
Present Condition Today, the present condition of the Philippine old coins is we can’t
use it anymore because the Central Bank has notified the public
that the commemorative coins will remain a legal tender only.

Significance Philippine Coins: 1958 Fifty Centavos English Series

1958 marks the start of a new era of coins for the Philippines. The
country, now a fully independent nation, needed a more
nationalistic form of currency. Enter the English series coins. This
series is called the English series because it is minted using the
“English language” and because all coins following this series
would no longer be minted in English, but in Tagalog. This also
marked the beginning of coins minted using purely base metals with
no trace of silver or gold whatsoever. All coins from this series still
maintained the same obverse design as its predecessors (the
seated man and lady liberty), but would now bear the seal of The
Republic of The Philippines on its reverse. This series was
eventually withdrawn and replaced in 1967.

Reference https://www.ebay.com
https://www.ngccoin.com
https://sinsilyonimike.wordpress.com