UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GENAP

TAHUN AKADEMIK 2019/2020

UNIVERSITAS PGRI RONGGOLAWE TUBAN
Jl. Manunggal 61 Tuban, Telp. (0356) 322233, Fax (0356) 331578
Website: www.unirow.ac.id, Email: prospective@unirow.ac.id

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

Prodi. Pend. Bahasa Inggris Dosen Drs. Mansur, M.Pd
Matakuliah English Phonology Waktu 10.30 – 12.00
Angkt/Kelas 2018 Hari Rabu
Sifat Close book Tanggal 29 Juli 2020

Nama : Sholahudin Al Magribi

NPM : 1106180021

Direction: Answer the following questions breifly and clearly!

1. Do you think is it important for English teachers to have the knowledge of English

phonology ? Support your answer with examples!

=> Phonology will help English teacher to have better pronunciation as well as

will have strong grasp on intonation, accent and dialect in English language.

2. What is the difference between sound and speech sounds? Give examples!

=> Sound is all the sounds produced by any object around us.

Examples : it has been discovered that virtually all creatures living in land, sea or air

make sounds for communication with others. While the definition of

=> speech sound - (phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to

whether or not it is a phoneme of some language.

Example : (Phonetics) the sound that you say at the beginning of the word pot is

represented by /p/.
3. Explain the terms below and give an examples

A. Vocalic sounds : consonant that forms a syllable on its own.

Examples like the m, n and l in the English words rhythm, button and bottle, or is the

nucleus of a syllable, like the r sound in the American pronunciation of work.

B. Consonantal sounds : that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the. vocal

tract.

Examples are [p], pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the. tongue; [k],

pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f] and [s],

pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and [m] and [n], which have

air flowing through the nose (nasals).

C. Voicing : The vocal folds may be held against each other at just the right tension so that

the air flowing past them from the lungs will cause them to vibrate against each other.

Example, voicing accounts for the difference between the pair of sounds associated with the

English letters "s" and "z". The two sounds are transcribed as [s] and [z] to distinguish them

from the English letters, which have several possible pronunciations, depending on the

context. If one places the fingers on the voice box (i.e. the location of the Adam's apple in the

upper throat), one can feel a vibration while zzzz is pronounced but not with ssss. (For a more

detailed, technical explanation, see modal voice and phonation.)

D. Nasal : sounds which are produced with the airstream goes out through the nose or

nasal cavity.

[m], [n], and [ŋ] (as in think and sing).

E. the manner of articulation is the configuration and interaction of the articulators (speech

organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound. One parameter of

manner is stricture, that is, how closely the speech organs approach one another.

Stops or plosives : Examples include English /p t k/ (voiceless) and /b d ɡ/ (voiced).

Fricatives or sibilants : Examples include English /f, s/ (voiceless), /v, z/ (voiced), etc

Affricates : The English letters "ch" [t͡ʃ] and "j" [d͡ʒ] represent affricates.

Laterals : The "ll" of Welsh and the "hl" of Zulu are lateral fricatives.

F. The point of articulation: an immovable or relatively immovable part (as the upper teeth

or lower lip) of the vocal tract that a more movable part (as the tongue) approaches or comes

into contact with in an articulation.

Bilabials sounds : Read this word out loud and notice how you're using both lips to

pronounce the letters in bold: bump.

Labio-dental sounds. : Examples of these sounds in English are pretty much in any word that

contains the letters F and V. Pronounce the word favor and notice the point of articulation.

Dental sounds/inter-dental sounds : English has two dental sounds: [θ] and [ð]. These

consonants are found, respectively, in the words thing and this.

Alveolar sounds : Pronounce words such as tow and zap and you'll feel that the point of

contact is at the area shown on the picture.

4. Mention the branches of phonetics!

=> Articulatory, Acoustics phonetics, Auditory phonetics

5. How do you differenciate vowels and consonants? Explain and give examples!

• The difference between vowels and consonants is seen from their production, that is, the

way how the sounds are produced

• Vowels are segments of speech which are produced without any interruption or stoppage of

the airstream. The airstream passes the mouth or vocal passage freely

• Consonants, on the other hand, are segments of speech which are marked by any

interruption of the airstream. When the interruption is complete stop sounds are produced
Example : Vowels : A, I, U, E, O

Consonants : B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

6. Explain the following terms and give examples!

a. Stops/plosives : include English /p t k/ (voiceless) and /b d ɡ/ (voiced).

b. Laterals : produced by raising the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth so

that the airstream flows past one or both sides of the tongue.

Example : The "ll" of Welsh and the "hl" of Zulu are lateral fricatives

c. Bilabial : Read this word out loud and notice how you're using both lips to pronounce

the letters in bold: bump.

Example : both lips pressed together, as in /p/ and /b/

d. velar : With the Standard American English pronunciation, read out loud the

wordking, which has both the velars [k] and [ŋ] as both the first and last consonant

sounds, respectively.

7. Give phonetics description of the initial and final sounds for the words below:

A. Race= r: voiced alveolar vibrant

s: voiceless alveolar fricative

B. Desk=. d: voiced alveolar stop

k: voiceless velar stop

C. Glasses=. g: voiced velar stop

s: voicelss alveolar fricatif

D. Climb= k: voiceless velar stop

m: voiced bilabial nasal

“THE BEST MOTIVATION COMES FROM WITHIN”