LINEA BIFILAR

Datos
Conductor: Zinc
Aislante: Nieve
Dimenciones: Radio (a) y Distancia (d)
Frecuencias de 1.5KHz, 12KHz y 1.2MHz
Caracteristicas

σ = 1.67x107 S/m
εr = 3.3
tan δ = 500.00x10−3
a = 1.7mm = 1.7x10−3
d = 3cm = 3x10−2
µ = 4πx10−7
ω = 2πf
Calcular profundidad de penetración
r
2
ℓ=
ωµσ
Para la frecuencia de f = 1.5KHz = 1500
Calculamos ω = 2π (1.5KHz) = 3000π rad/seg
s
2
ℓ=
(3000π rad/seg) (4πx10−7 ) (1.67x107 S/m)
= 3.179986mm
Para f = 12KHz = 12000
ω = 2π (12000) = 24000π rad/seg
s
2
ℓ=
(24000π rad/seg) (4πx10−7 ) (1.67x107 S/m)
= 1.12427mm
Para f = 1.2MHz = 1200000
ω = 2π (1.2MHz) = 7.5398 M rad/seg
s
2
ℓ=
(7.5398 M rad/seg) (4πx10−7 ) (1.67x107 S/m)
= 112.42735µm
Cuadro 1

1
 Frecuencia(f ) Radio(a) ℓ Expresión a usar
1.5KHz 1.7mm 3.179986mm Bajas frecuencias
12KHz 1.7mm 1.12427mm Altas frecuencias
1.2MHz 1.7mm 112.4273µm Altas frecuencias
Calcular conductividad aproximada del dielectrico
Para el dielectrico (Nieve), εr = 3.3, tan δ = 500.00x10−3 y ε0 = 8.8542x10−12

σd ≈ ω (εr ε0 ) tan δ
Frecuencia de 1.5KHz
ω = 9.4247 K rad/seg

σd = 9.4247 K rad/seg 3.3 × 8.8542x10−12 500.00x10−3

3.3 × 8.8542x10−12 = 2.921886x10−11

σd ≈ 1.376906x10−7
Frecuencia de 12KHz
ω = 75.3982 K rad/seg

σd = 75.3982 K rad/seg 2.921886x10−11 500.00x10−3

σd ≈ 1.10152x10−6
Frecuencia de 1.2MHz
ω = 7.5398 M rad/seg
σd = 7.5398 M rad/seg 2.921886x10−11 500.00x10−3

σd ≈ 1.1015250x10−4
Cuadro 2
f σd aproximada*
1.5KHz 1.376906x10−7
12KHz 1.10152x10−6
1.2MHz 1.1015250x10−4
Para la linea bilar en cuestión, ad = 1.7mm
3cm
= 17.64705 osea que d ≫ a
Calcular los parametros de distribución
Para f = 1.5KHz
 
µ µ d
L≈ + ln
4π π a
  
µ 1 d
L≈ + cosh−1
4π 4 2a
4πx10−7 1
  
3cm
= + cosh−1
4π 4 2 (1.7mm)
= 1.1482µH/m

2
 πε π × εr × ε0
C≈ d

=
ln ad


ln a
πε
C≈
cosh−1 2a
d

π × 3.3 × 8.8542x10−12
=  
cosh−1 2(1.7mm)
3cm

= 3.1978pF/m

2 2
R= =
σc πa2 σ × π × a2
2
= 2
(1.67x107 S/m) (π) (1.7x10−3 )
= 0.013190Ω/m

πσd
G≈
ln ad


πσd
G≈
cosh−1 d


2a
(π) 1.376906x10−7


=  
cosh−1 2(1.7mm)
3cm

= 1.506906µ℧/m

Para f = 12KHz

 
µ d
L≈ ln
π a
−7
 
4πx10 3cm
= ln
π 1.7mm
= 1.1485µH/m

πε πεr ε0
C≈
=
ln ad ln ad

(π) (3.3) 8.8542x10−12

= 3cm


ln 1.7mm
= 3.1977pF/m

3
 1
R=
πaℓσc
1
=
(π) (1.7x10−3 ) (1.12427x10−3 m) (1.67x107 S/m)
= 0.009972731Ω/m

πσd
G≈
ln ad

(π) 1.1015x10−6


= 3cm


ln 1.7mm
= 1.205525µ℧/m
Para f = 1.2MHz
 
µ d
L≈ ln
π a
4πx10−7
 
3cm
= ln
π 1.7mm
= 1.1482µH/m

πε πεr ε0
C≈
=
ln ad ln ad

(π) (3.3) 8.8542x10−12

= 3cm


ln 1.7mm
= 3.19775pF/m

1
R=
πaℓσc
1
=
(π) (1.7x10−3 ) (112.4273x10−6 m) (1.67x107 S/m)
= 0.0997512Ω/m

πσd
G≈
ln ad

(π) 1.1015250x10−4


= 3cm


ln 1.7mm
= 1.205525m℧/m
Cuadro 3

4
 f L C R G
1.5KHz 1.1482µH/m 3.1978pF/m 0.0132Ω/m 1.506906µ℧/m
12KHz 1.1482µH/m 3.1977pF/m 0.009972731Ω/m 1.205525µ℧/m
1.2MHz 1.1482µH/m 3.19775pF/m 0.0997512Ω/m 1.205525m℧/m
Obtener la impedancia característica Z

s
(R + jωL)
Z0 =
(G + jωC)

Para f = 1.5KHz

s
(R + jωL)
Z0 =
(G + jωC)
s
0.0132Ω/m + j (2π) (1.5KHz) (1.1482µH/m)
=
1.506906µ℧/m + j (2π) (1.5KHz) (3.1978pF/m)
= 2.2493 − j4.3124

Para f = 12KHz

s
(R + jωL)
Z0 =
(G + jωC)
s
0.009972731Ω/m + j (2π) (12KHz) (1.1482µH/m)
=
1.205525µ℧/m + j (2π) (12KHz) (3.1977pF/m)
= 1.70723 − j3.12130Ω

Para f = 1.2MHz

s
(R + jωL)
Z0 =
(G + jωC)
s
0.0997512Ω/m + j (2π) (1.2MHz) (1.1482µH/m)
=
1.205525m℧/m + j (2π) (1.2MHz) (3.19775pF/m)
= 1.7466 − j4.01703Ω

Calcular la constante de propagación γ

p
γ= (R + jωL) (G + jωC)

5
 Constante de atenuación α = Parte Real
Constante de fase β = Parte Imaginaria
Para f = 1.5KHz

p
γ= (0.0132Ω/m + j (2π) (1.5KHz) (1.1482µH/m)) (1.5069µ℧/m + j (2π) (1.5KHz) 3.1978pF/m)
= (4.6892 + j6.1292) x10−5 Ω

α = 4.6892x10−5 Np/m
β = 6.1292x10−5 rad/m

Para f = 12KHz
p
γ= (0.009972731Ω/m + j (2π) (12KHz) (1.1485µH/m)) (1.2055µ℧/m + j (2π) (12KHz) 3.1977pF/m)
= (1.1314 + j4.6456) x10−4 Ω

α = 1.1314x10−4 Np/m
β = 4.6456x10−4 rad/m

Para f = 1.2MHz
p
γ= (0.0997512Ω/m + j (2π) (1.2MHz) (1.1482µH/m)) (1.205497m℧/m + j (2π) (1.2MHz) 3.19775pF/m)
= (4.3 + j3) x10−3 Ω

α = 14.3x10−3 Np/m
β = 3x10−3 rad/m

Calcular la velocidad de fase

ω 2πf
vp = =
β β
Para f = 1.5KHz
2π (1.5KHz)
vp =
6.1292x10−5 rad/m
= 1.5377x108 m/seg

6
 Para f = 12KHz
2π (12KHz)
vp =
4.6456x10−4 rad/m
= 1.6230x108 m/seg

Para f = 1.2MHz
2π (12KHz)
vp =
3x10−3 rad/m
= 1.6058x108 m/seg

Cuadro 3
f Z0 vp
1.5KHz 2.2493 − j4.3124Ω 1.5377x108 m/seg
12KHz 1.70723 − j3.12130Ω 1.6230x108 m/seg
1.2MHz 1.7466 − j4.01703Ω 1.6058x108 m/seg
Cuadro 4
f α β
1.5KHz 4.6892x10−5 Np/m 6.1292x10−5 rad/m
12KHz 1.1314x10−4 Np/m 4.6456x10−4 rad/m
1.2MHz 14.3x10−3 Np/m 3x10−3 rad/m

Nueva frecuencia dada: Para f = 300MHz

ω =2×π×f

Frecuencia(f ) Radio(a) ℓ Expresión a usar

300MHz 1.7mm 7.1105µm Altas frecuencias

f σd aproximada*
300MHz 0.02753

f L C R G
300MHz 1.1482µH/m 3.1978pF/m 1.5768Ω/m 30.13812m℧/m

Constante de propagación
γ = 2.77904 + j11.7530

f Z0 vp
300MHz 1.7443 − j4.11106Ω 1.6038x108 m/seg

f α β
300MHz 2.77904Np/m 11.7530rad/m

7
 Figure 1: Imagen representativa

Tiempo de retardo de la linea considerando una longitud λ = 500m

λ
td =
Vp
Para f = 1.5KHz
500m
td =
1.5377x108 m/seg
= 3.2516µseg
Para f = 12KHz

500m
td =
1.6230x108 m/seg
= 3.0807µseg
Para f = 1.2MHz

500m
td =
1.6058x108 m/seg
= 3.1137µseg
Para f = 300MHz

500m
td =
1.6038x108 m/seg
= 3.1176µseg
Cuadro 5

8
 f td
1.5KHz 3.2516µseg
12KHz 3.0807µseg
1.2MHz 3.1137µseg
300MHz 3.1176µseg

Propagación en lineas
Datos
f = 300MHz
Vg = 1.8V
Zg = 1.2Ω
Z0 = 1.7443 − j4.11106Ω = ZL
εr = 3.3
c = 3x108
Voltaje de salida del generador = 1.8 cos 2πx109 tV

 
Zentrada
Ventrada = Vg
Zg + Z0
 
1.7443 − j4.11106
Ventrada = 1.8∠0
1.2Ω + (1.7443 − j4.11106Ω)
= 1.7884 + j0.0027322V

 
1
Ientrada = Vg
Zg + Zentrada
 
1
Ientrada = 1.8∠0
1.2Ω + 1.7443 − j4.11106Ω
= 0.0097169 − j0.0022276A

√
ω εr
γ=j
c √
2πx109 3.3
γ=j
3x108
= j12.11061π rad/m

Para cualquier punto de la linea a una distancia z a la derecha de las termi-

nales de la entrada, esta dada por:

9
 V (Z) = (Ventrada ) e−jβz
= (1.7884 + j0.0027322V) e−j12.11061πz V

I (Z) = (Ientrada ) e−jβz

= (0.0097169 − j0.0022276A) e−j12.11061πz

Expresiones en función del tiempo para cualquier punto de la linea

V (z, t) = Re V (z, t) ejωt

 
h 9
i
= Re 1.7884e−j12.11061πz e2πx10 t
= 1.7884 cos 2πx109 t − 12.11061πz V

I(z, t) = Re I (z, t) ejωt

 
9
= 0.0097169e−j12.11061πz e2πx10 t

= 0.0097169 cos 2πx109 t − 12.11061πz A

Calculo de la potencia promedio

1
Ppromedio = Re [V (Z) I]
2
1
= Re 1.7884e−j12.11061πz 0.0097169e−j12.11061πz
 
2
1
= ((1.7884) (0.0097169))
2
= 8.688519x10−3 W = 8.69mW

Figure 2: Teoría de las líneas de dos conductores

10
 Para siguientes datos, calcular coeciente de relexión; entrada de linea sin
perdidas.

f = 300MHz
ZL = 5Ω
l = 500m
εr = 3.3
Z0 = 1.7443 − j4.11106Ω
β = 11.7530rad/m

ZL − Z0
ρ=
ZL + Z0
5Ω − (1.7443 − j4.11106Ω)
ρ=
5Ω + 1.7443 − j4.11106Ω

1 + ρe−2βl
 
Zi = Z0
1 − ρe−2βl

λ0
λ= √
εr

11