CHAPTER 1

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

IT IN RADIOGRAPHY
RHC 3042
 Upon the completion of the
session, students will be able
to:
❑ Define information
technology.
Learning ❑ Understand the history of
information technology.
Outcomes ❑ Identify components of
information technology.
❑ Describe the capabilities
of information technology.
 The pre-mechanical
age (3000BC to
1450 AD)

The mechanical age

Transition (1450 to 1840)
of
Information
The
Technology electromechanical
age (1840 to 1940)

The electronic age

(1941 to Present)
Pre-mechanical
Age (between
3000B.C. and
1450A.D.)
• The earliest age of
information technology.
• It is when humans first
started communicating,
they try to use language or
simple picture drawings
which were usually carved
on rock.
• Alphabets and numbers
were developed.
• Using pen, paper to write
information down.
 Pre-mechanical Age

Stylus and wet clay Phoenician alphabet

Abacus
Mechanical age
(between 1450
and 1840)
• A lot of new
technologies are
developed in this era as
there is a large
explosion in interest
with this area.
• Technologies like the
slide rule (an analog
computer used for
multiplying and
dividing) were
invented.
Electromechanical age
(between 1840 and
1940)

• These are the beginnings of

telecommunication.
• The telegraph, telephone, radio
were created at this era.
• All of these were extremely
crucial emerging technologies
that led to big advances in the
information technology field.
• The first large-scale automatic
digital computer in the United
States was the Mark 1 created
by Harvard University around
1940.
Electronic age • The electronic age is what
(between we currently live in.
• Can perform many
1940 and operations
now) • Smaller in size
 Information
Technology (IT)

• Acquisition, processing,
storage and dissemination
of information.
• Involves the application of
computers and
communication technology
in the task of information
handling, information
processing and information
flow from the generation to
the utilization levels.
Information Technology (IT)

IT is the study, design, development,

implementation, support or management of
computer-based information system
particularly software's applications & computer
hardware.

Information Technology Association Of America

 Information Technology (IT)

Scientific technology and engineering disciplines

and the management techniques used in
information handling and processing their
application, computers and their interaction
with men and machines and associated social,
economic and cultural matters.
Components in Information
Technology
• Data
• Procedure
• Hardware
• Software
• People
Data
• Raw, unprocessed facts
including text, numbers,
images and sounds.
• Data describes something
that is stored electronically
in a file.
Data & Information
 Procedures

Refer to rules or Documented in Provided by

guidelines manuals written software/hardwar
people need to by computer e manufacturers
follow when using specialists. of the product.
software,
hardware and
data.
Hardware • Computer components that are
physical, touchable pieces or
equipment.
• It consists of the system unit,
input/output, secondary storage and
communication devices.
• Hardware is controlled by software.
Software • Sets of instructions that tell the computer
how to take data in, how to process it, how
to display information, and how to store
data and information.
• Written in special computer language
that enable a computer to accomplish a
given task.
People
• Information systems
professionals who
analyse organisational
information needs,
design and construct
information systems,
write computer
programs, operate the
hardware, and maintain
software.
• The most important part
as they make end-users
more productive.
Additionally:
Network
• Allows computers to
connect and to share
information.
• These connections,
including Internet
connections, can be by
telephone lines, by cable,
or through the air.
• Connectivity allows users
to greatly expand the
capability and usefulness
of their information
systems
 Capabilities of IT
1. Increased computer power leading to faster
and cheaper computer processing which
facilitated automation.
2. Improved telecommunications with greatly
increased capacity of data transmission, which
facilitated introduced of new services such as e-
mail, fax, teleconferencing, etc.
3. Cheaper data storage, such as optical storage
media that increased the storage capacity.
4. Digitization of information-text, graphics,
photographic speech; sound, etc. that provides
quick transmission of any type of data. Less
possibility loss of information.
 Capabilities of IT
5. Better data transfer between different system
and media, such as coaxial cables, optical fiber
cables, satellite communications, etc. has
promoted the resource sharing
6. Increased reliability of hardware and
software, which has increased the performance
efficiency.
7. User friendly systems that are developed to
enhance the interface between technology and
users.