1.

4 Lines

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Prob-1/Page-64

Solution:
Find the approximate slopes of the line segments and answer the questions

Prob-2/Page-64

Solution:
1
The slope of straight ramp is
12
If 𝜃 be the angle between adjacent and straight ramp then

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 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 12
1
∴ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 4.763
12
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = sin(4.763) = 0.083
5
Now, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = = 0.083
𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑝
5
𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑝 = = 60.2
0.083
Therefore, the length of the ramp will be 60.2 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡

Prob-3/Page-64
Find the slope of the lines through the points (1,2); (3,7)
72 5
Solu: Slope = 
3 1 2
The slope is positive and the line through the two points rises from left to right.

Prob-4/Page-64
Find the slope of the lines through the points (1,2); (2,1)
−1+2 1
Solu: Slope = =3
2+1
The slope is positive and the line through the two points rises from left to right.

Prob-6/Page-64
Find the slope of the lines through the points ( 2 ,1); ( 2,9)

−9+1 −8 −8
Solu: Slope = = = = −13.65
2−√2 2−√2 0.586
The slope is negative and the line through the two points falls from left to right.

Prob-7,9/Pge-64

7. Solution:
Given points are (0, 𝑡); (9,4) and slope = −2
4−𝑡
∴ −2 =
9−0
⇒ 4 − 𝑡 = −18
⇒ 𝑡 = 22

9. Solution:
Given points are (𝑡 + 1,5); (6, −3𝑡 + 7) and slope = −2
−3𝑡 + 7 − 5
∴ −2 =
6−𝑡−1
⇒ −3𝑡 + 2 = −2(5 − 𝑡)
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 ⇒ −5𝑡 = −12
12
⇒𝑡=
5

Prob-11/Pge-64

Solution:
Let the coordinates of the intersection point of line 𝐿 and vertical line through (1,0) be 𝑃(1, 𝑥)
Then slope of line 𝐿 be
𝑥−0
= =𝑥
1−0
Hence the second coordinate of 𝑃 is the slope of line 𝐿 (Proved)

Prob-12/Page-64

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Prob-13, 16/Page-64

Solution:
13. Given straight line is 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2
Slope 𝑚 = 3
∴ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 3 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (3) = 71.56°
And y-intercept 𝑏 = 2

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Ans: Observing the given figures it is clear that figure (d) matches with the given equation

16. Solution:
Given straight line is 𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 2
Slope 𝑚 = −3
∴ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = −3 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−3) = −71.56°
And y-intercept 𝑏 = −2

Ans: Observing the given figures it is clear that figure (c) matches with the given equation

Prob-19/Page-64

Solution:

19. Equation of line with 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 1.5 and 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 2.3 is

𝑦 = −2.3𝑥 + 1.5

Prob-21/Page-64

From figure,
intersection point on 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 with the line is (3,0)
intersection point on 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 with the line is (0,2)
2−0 2
∴ slope of the line is =−
0−3 3
2
Equation of line with slope − and 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 2 is
3
2
𝑦 =− 𝑥+2
3

Prob-25/Page-65
Find the slope and 𝑦-intercept of the line given by the equation 2 x  y  5  0
Solu: Given equation is
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 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5
Comparing with standard equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 we get,
Slope 𝑚 = 2
𝑦-intercept 𝑐 = 5

Prob-27/Page-65
Find the slope and 𝑦-intercept of the line given by the equation 3( x  2)  y  7  6( y  4)
Solu: Given equation is
3( x  2)  y  7  6( y  4)
or , 3x  6  y  7  6 y  24
or , 7 y  3x  11
3 11
or , y   x 
7 7
Comparing with standard equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 we get,
3 11
Hence the slope 𝑚 = − and 𝑦-intercept 𝑐 = −
7 7

Prob-28/Page-65
Find the slope and 𝑦-intercept of the line whose equation is 2( y  3)  ( x  6)  4( x  1)  2
Solu: Given equ. Is
2( y  3)  ( x  6)  4( x  1)  2
or , 2 y  6  x  6  4 x  4  2
or , 2 y  4 x  x  2  12
or , 2 y  3x  14
3
or , y  x  7
2
Comparing with standard equation we get
3
Slope 𝑚 = 2 and 𝑦-intercept is 𝑚 = 7

Prob-31/Page-65
Find the equation of the line with slope 𝑚 = −1 and passes through the point (6,2)

Solu: The equation of the line with slope m  1 and through the point (6,2) is
y  2  1( x  6)
or , y  2   x  6
or , x  y  4  0

Prob-32/Page-65
Find the equation of the line with slope 𝑚 = 0 and passes through the point (−4, −5)

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Solu: The equation of the line with slope 𝑚 = 0 and through the point (−4, −5) is
𝑦 + 5 = 0. (𝑥 + 4)
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 + 5 = 0
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = −5
x  x1 y  y1
Equation of line through two points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is 
x1  x2 y1  y2

Prob-34/Page-65
Find the equation of the line through the points (4,3) and (2,1)
Solu: Equation of the line through (4,3) and (2,1) is
x4 y 3

4  2 3 1
or , 4( x  4)  2( y  3) [𝑥1 = 4, 𝑦1 = 3  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑥2 = 2, 𝑦2 = −1] 
or , 4 x  2 y  10  0

Prob-36/Page-65
Find the equation of the line through the points (4,3) and (2,1)
Solu: Equation of the line through (6,7) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (6,15) is

𝑥−6 𝑦−7
= 7−15
6−6
[𝑥1 = 6, 𝑦1 = 7  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑥2 = 6, 𝑦2 = 15] 
𝑥−6 𝑦−7
𝑜𝑟, =
0 −8
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 − 6 = 0

Prob-37/Page-65
Graph the equation 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15. Label all intercepts.

Solution: Given equation is

3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15 − − − −(𝑖)
x-intercept: For x-intercept we put y  0 in equ.(i)
∴ 3𝑥 = 15
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = 5
y-intercept: For y-intercept we put x  0 in equ.(i)
∴ 5𝑦 = 15
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 3

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 5
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 3

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Prob-39/Page-65
Graph the equation 2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 2. Label all intercepts.
Solution: Given equation is
2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 2 − − − − − (𝑖)
x-intercept: For x-intercept we put y  0 in equ.(i)
∴ −𝑥 = 2
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = −2
y-intercept: For y-intercept we put x  0 in equ.(i)
∴ 2𝑦 = 2
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 1

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: − 2
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 1

Prob-42/Page-65
Graph the equation 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0. Label all intercepts.
Solution: Given equation is
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0 − − − − − (𝑖)
𝑥-intercept: For 𝑥 −intercept we put y  0 in equ.(i)
∴ 2𝑥 = 0
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = 0
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y-intercept: For y-intercept we put x  0 in equ.(i)
∴ 6𝑦 = 0
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 0

𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 0
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡: 0

𝑥 = −3𝑦
x 0 -3 3 -6 6
y 0 1 -1 2 -2

Prob-50/Page-65

Solution:
Find 𝑚1 and 𝑚2
If slopes are equal then the points lie on the same straight line.

Prob-51/Page-65

Solution:
Find 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 and 𝑚3
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If the product of two slopes equal to -1 and other slopes satisfy the condition of non-perpendicularity and
non-parallel then the points are the vertices of a right triangle.

Prob-52/Page-65

Solution:
Find 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 , 𝑚3 and 𝑚3
If the two pair of slopes are equal then the points are the vertices of a parallelogram

Prob-53/Page-65

53. Solution:
Given points are (1,3), (3,7)
Let the perpendicular bisector is 𝑀
1+3 3+7
Mid-point of (1,3), (3,7) is ( , ) = (2,5)
2 2
7−3
Let the line 𝐿 through (1,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (3,7) has slope =2
3−1
1
Since line 𝑀 is perpendicular to line 𝐿 so the slope of line 𝑀 is − 2
1
Thus, the equation of line through (2,5) with slope − 2 is
1
𝑦 − 5 = − 2 (𝑥 − 2)

𝑜𝑟, 2(𝑦 − 5) = −(𝑥 − 2)

𝑜𝑟, 2𝑦 − 10 = −𝑥 + 2
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 12 = 0

Prob-57/Page-65
 Find the equation of line through (−2,1) with slope 3
Solu: Equation of line through (−2,1) with slope 3 is
𝑦 − 1 = 3(𝑥 + 2)
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7

Prob-58/Page-65
 Find the equation of line with 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 − 7 and slope 1
Solu: Equation of line with 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 − 7 and slope 1 is
𝑦 = 1. 𝑥 + (−7)
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 =𝑥−7

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Prob-59/Page-65
 Find the equation of line through (2,3) and which is parallel to the line 3x  2 y  5
Solu: Given line is
3 x  2 y  5        (i )
or , 2 y  3x  5
3 5
or , y  x 
2 2
3
 Slope of equation (i) is
2
3
Since the required line is parallel to equ (i) so its slope is also
2
3
Now the equ. of line through (2,3) and with slope is
2
3
y 3 ( x  2)
2
or , 2( y  3)  3( x  2)
or , 2 y  6  3x  6
or , 2 y  3x  0

To solve the problems 57 to 66 do use the above knowledge

Solution:
The present value of Ford Focus ZX5 hatchback is $14,632
a) Since the depreciation is linear, the equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 − − − −(𝑖)
Where, 𝑦 is the value of the car and 𝑥 is the year
According to question, at 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 14,632
Putting the value of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 in (i) we get,
14632 = 0 + 𝑏
𝑜𝑟, 𝑏 = 14632
Equation (i)
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 Becomes, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 14632 − − − −(𝑖𝑖)

The car is worth $10,120 in 3 years

So, at 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 10,120
Putting the value of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 in (ii) we get,
10120 = 3𝑚 + 14632
𝑜𝑟, 𝑚 = −1504

Therefore, the value equation is 𝑦 = −1504𝑥 + 14632 − − − −(𝑖𝑖)

b) The slope of the equation of line is the rate at which the car is depreciating.
Thus, the required rate of depreciation is $1504 per year.

c) The value of the car after 6 years (𝑥 = 6) will be 𝑦 = −1504 × 6 + 14632 = 5608
Therefore, the car will be worth $5608 in 6 years.

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Prob-81/Page-67

Solution:
a) The cost equation of producing 𝑥 can openers is 𝑦 = 2.75𝑥 + 26000
2.75𝑥+26000
Thus, the average cost to produce 1 can opener is 𝑦𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑥
− − − −(𝑖)

b) If the average cost of 1 can opener is $3 then from (i) we get,

2.75𝑥 + 26000
3=
𝑥
𝑜𝑟, 3𝑥 = 2.75𝑥 + 26000
𝑜𝑟, 𝑥 = 104,000
Ans: 104,000 can openers should be made.

Answer list:

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