Sap Report

Detailed Structural Analysis & Design Report
[
Of Residential Building
Designed & Submitted By:Janasewa Engineering Client’s Name: Bhupendra Bahadur Singh
Conultancy pvt ltd., Dhangadhi Client’s Address: Dhangadhi-03
Chapter 1 Table of Contents
List of Tables iv
List of Figuresv
Chapter 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Salient Features ................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Project Information .........................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 Building Features ...........................................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Site Condition .................................................................................................................................6
2.2.4 Architectural Plan ...........................................................................................................................7
2.3 Objectives and Scope of Work............................................................................................................. 7
2.4 Structural Components ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.5 Codes, Standards and References ...................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Structural Design Methodology .......................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3 Design Philosophy and Approach ........................................................................................... 10

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Seismic Parameters........................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Overall Design Procedure .................................................................................................................. 13
Chapter 4 Basic Materials ....................................................................................................................... 14

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2 Concrete ............................................................................................................................................ 14
4.3 Reinforcing Steel ............................................................................................................................... 15
4.4 Soil Bearing Capacity......................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 5 Modeling and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 15

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 15
5.2 Modeling of Structural System ........................................................................................................... 15
5.2.1 Beams ..........................................................................................................................................15
5.2.2 Roof (or Slab) ...............................................................................................................................15
5.2.3 Columns .......................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 6 Loads ...................................................................................................................................... 16

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 16
6.2 Gravity Load ...................................................................................................................................... 16
6.3 Seismic Load ..................................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.1 Code-based Design .....................................................................................................................20
6.4 Analysis Procedures .......................................................................................................................... 20
6.4.1 Code Based Design .....................................................................................................................20
6.5 Component and Member Design ....................................................................................................... 21
Chapter 7 Structural Design Results ....................................................................................................... 22

7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 22
7.2 Analysis Results ................................................................................................................................ 22
7.2.1 Base Shear ..................................................................................................................................24
7.2.2 Story Drift .....................................................................................................................................24
7.2.3 Deformation .................................................................................................................................25
7.3 Concrete Column Design ................................................................................................................... 26
7.4 Foundation Design ............................................................................................................................. 27
7.5 Modal Participation Mass Ratios........................................................................................................ 27
Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page ii

Chapter 8 Results and Output ................................................................................................................. 27
8.1 Analysis for Building Block ................................................................................................................. 27
8.1.1 Introduction: .................................................................................................................................27
8.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block: .............................................................................28
8.2 Typical Slab Design ........................................................................................................................... 37
8.3 Typical Staircase Design ................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 9 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 39

9.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 39
9.1.1 Beam design summary ................................................................................................................40
9.1.2 Column Design Summary ............................................................................................................42
9.1.3 Footing Design Summary.............................................................................................................44
9.1.4 Slab Design Summary .................................................................................................................44
9.1.5 Staircase Design Summary ..........................................................................................................45
Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column ................................................................................................. 46
Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam .................................................................................................... 47
APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK ..................................................................... 48
APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE .................................................................................. 49
Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page iii

List of Tables
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components ...................................................................................... 8
Table 2:Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................................. 9
Table 3: Importance factor ................................................................................................................................ 12
Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete .................................................................................................... 14
Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel ...................................................................................................... 15
Table 7:Wall load to be applied on members ................................................................................................. 16
Table 8:Dead & imposed live load on area elements .................................................................................... 17
Table 9:mass source for seismic load ................................................................................................................ 20
Table 10: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design ........................................................ 20
Table 11: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design ..................................................................................... 20
Table 12: Component and Member Design .................................................................................................... 21
Table 13: Beam design Summary ...................................................................................................................... 41
Table 14:Column Design summary.................................................................................................................... 44
Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page iv

List of Figures
Figure 1: Ground Floor Architectural Plan .......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2:input sections for beam & columns ...................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3:External wall, partition, parapet load applied on beams ............................................................... 17
Figure 4:live load applied on slabs.................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5:roof live applied on slabs ..................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 6:floor finish load applied on slabs ........................................................................................................ 19
Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon2 ) .......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 8: Shear Force diagram (udcon2) ......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 9: BMD-2D (udcon2) ................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 10: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy) ..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 11:Displacement of 3d model (EqX) ..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 12:Joint Reaction(Udcon2 ...................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 13: ground Floor Reinforment required ................................................................................................. 40
Figure 14:1St floor reinforcement....................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 15:2nd Floor reinforcment....................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 16:Grid-1 reinforcment required(mm2) ................................................................................................. 42
Figure 17: Grid-2 Reinforment required............................................................................................................ 42
Figure 18:Grid-3 longitudinal reinforcement .................................................................................................... 43
Figure 19:grid-4, longitudinal reinforcment required ....................................................................................... 43
Figure 20: C/B capacity ratio>1.4,ALL PASSED................................................................................................. 48
Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page v

Chapter 2 Introduction
2.1 Introduction
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Residential building. The building is Special Reinforced Concrete
Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements
when subjected to gravity and earthquake loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes & Nepal building code that are in practice in Nepal. This report consists
of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and sample design of structural members.
2.2 Salient Features
2.2.1 Project Information

Type of building : Residential building
Location : Dhangadhi-03,
Bhadhera
Plinth Area : 927.7 square ft.
Total Floor Area : 2320.43 sq.ft
Total land Area : 169.31 square m.
Floor area Ratio Total Floor Area/Total

:
(FAR) land Area
Plinth area /Total land

Land Coverage (%) :
area
2.2.2 Building Features

Type of Building : Special RC Moment Resisting Frame Structure
Shape : Rectangular
Plinth level : As per architectural drawing
Roof floor Type : Accessible, Terrace
Walls : Brick walls
Footing Type : Isolated Foundation
2.2.3 Site Condition

Type of soil : Type II, Soft Soil as per IS-1893(Part 1):2016
Allowable bearing pressure : 150 KN/m2(Assumed as per site soil)
Seismic Zone Factor : 0.36
Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page 6

2.2.4 Architectural Plan
Figure 1: Ground Floor Architectural Plan
2.3 Objectives and Scope of Work
The main objectives of the work were to perform the structural design of the building in terms
of suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness, efficient use of materials and other
resources, conformance to the acceptable building codes, standards and established
engineering practices, with special emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other
applicable demands.
The scope of work is divided into two phases.
Phase I: Structural System Development

Structural system is developed to achieve the good performance and cost effectiveness in
collaboration with the project architects.

1) Review architectural drawings provided by the client and other related documents as
necessary.
2) Develop structural concepts and the structural system with an objective to achieve good
performance and cost effectiveness.
Phase II: Detailed Structural Design
Structural design is carried out using state-of-the-art methodologies, techniques, technologies,

and tools. References were made to the relevant design codes, standards, and documents.
1) Develop design criteria to be used for the structural design of the building.
2) Create finite element models of the structure with varying complexities and refinements
as suitable to understand the response.
3) Carry out an analysis and design of the structure, progressively using linear-static
techniques.
4) Carry out detailed design and prepare structural design drawings.
2.4 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following
table.
Table 1:Typical Structural Member and Components
Structural System Element Typical Component Size of component

Types
Special RC moment-resisting Foundation RC FOOTING(Isolated) 6’6”x6’6”, 5’6”x5’6”

frame (SMRF Building)
Column RC sections 12"X12" , 14”X14”
Beam RC sections 12"x9"
Plinth RC beam 12"x9"

beams
Lintels RC beam 4"
Walls Non-load bearing walls 9", 4.5"
Roof system RC-Slab 5"

Figure 2:input sections for beam & columns
2.5 Codes, Standards and References
The structural design is based primarily on the current Standards of Indian & Nepal codes,
which is prevailingly adopted for the structural design of the buildings in Nepal.
The basic building codes to be referred are listed below which were followed for structural
design, also indicating their area of application.
Table 2:Codes and Standards
SNo. Codes andStandards Description
1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice

2 NBC 102: 1994 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – UnitWeights of Building Material and
Stored Materials (Second Revision)
and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic
forces - Code of practice
7 IS 1893: 2006 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures

The structural analysis and design were carried out using relevant Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading were
carried out using IS1893 2016. The structural reinforced concrete design of foundation, column, beam and slab were done
based on IS 456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility requirements of IS 13920.
2.6 Structural Design Methodology
SAP2000 version 22 was used for the linear static analysis and design of three-dimensional
structures, in which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure was
adequate for the calculation of the significant features of structures.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory, while the
structural steel elements were designed to the Permissible Stress Theory. The major structural
elements were automatically designed in the programmer to IS 456 for reinforced concrete
structures elements, while the certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to
the limitation of program were manually carried out in accordance with the relevant latest
standards.
Chapter 3 Design Philosophy and Approach

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural design of
buildings.
3.2 Seismic Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of each commercial/residential
building.
Seismic Coefficient Method:

(Indian Standard: IS 1893:2016)
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear

Design Seismic Base Shear(Vb)
It is the total design lateral force at the base of structure

(as per IS 1893(part3):2016 cl.7.5.3, the total lateral force or design seismic base shear is given
by
The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear(Vb) along any principal direction
shall be determined by following expression:
Vb = A h*W
Where, Ah is design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per 6.4.2 , using the fundamental
natural period Ta as per 7.6 in the considered direction of vibration; and
W = seismic weight of the building

Fundamental Natural Period(IS 1893(Part 3:2016):
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration ( T ), in seconds, for moment-
resisting frame buildings without brick infill panels, was estimated by the empirical
expression:
T = 0.075 h 0.75
Where
h = Height of building
No of storey 3

Height of Floor 3.048 m
Total Building height for time period
calculation= 9.144 m
Time period(T)= 0.3943787 seconds
Importance factor(I):
Importance factor for the calculation of seismic is taken as on the following type
Table 3: Importance factor
S.N Types of Building Importance factor

1 Residential Building 1
2 Public & commercial Building 1.5
Zone factore(z):
zone factors for different regions are given in below table and region
Zone II III IV V
Factor 0.1 0.16 0.24 0.36

3.3 Overall Design Procedure
Analysis and design of the buildings was performed according to the following steps for each
structural system.

Chapter 4 Basic Materials
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural components.
4.2 Concrete
The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are shown in the
following table.
Table 4: Compressive Strength of concrete
Standard Member f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)
(MPa) (MPa)
NBC 102 :1994 Footings 20 20

NBC 102 :1994 Beams 20 20
NBC 102 :1994 Columns 20 20
4.3 Reinforcing Steel
Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in the following
table.
Table 5 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel
Diameter fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below 415 456.5
12 mm and above 500 550
4.4 Soil Bearing Capacity

Three types of Soil type were considered in the current design. The geometrical size of footing
was determined considering the allowable bearing capacity as 150 KN/m2 respectively.
Chapter 5 Modeling and Analysis

5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including modeling
assumptions of materials, sections, and components properties.
5.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, three-dimensional elastic models were created, representing the structure’s spatial
distribution of the mass and stiffness to an extent that was adequate for the calculation of the
significant features of the building’s linear response. SAP2000 23.2 was used as analysis tool.
Nominal material properties were used in modeling of structural components. The models
include columns, beams, slabs, and roof truss.
5.2.1 Beams
Frame elements were used in modeling of beams, which includes the effects of bending, torsion,
axial deformation, and shear deformations. Insertion points and end offsets were applied to
account for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required. The end offsets may
be made partially or fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model the stiffening effect
that can occur when the ends of an element were embedded in beam and column intersections.
5.2.2 Roof (or Slab)

Concrete thin shell elements were used in modeling of slab. Slab should be design in such a
way that its thickness is suitable on application of all loads within its maximum deflection
criteria.

5.2.3 Columns
Frame elements were used in modeling of columns, which includes the effects of biaxial
bending, torsion, axial deformation, and biaxial shear deformations. Insertion points and end
offsets were applied to account for the finite size of beam and column intersections, if required.
The end offsets may be made partially or fully rigid based on engineering judgment to model
the stiffening effect that can occur when the ends of an element were embedded in beam and
column intersections.
Chapter 6 Loads
6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design, including gravity
loads and seismic loads.
6.2 Gravity Load
Self-weight of the structure was considered as dead load and finishes and partitions were
considered as imposed dead load. Live load was determined in accordance with occupancy or
use. The following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum
loading requirements were taken from NS 101-1994.
Table 6:Wall load to be applied on members
WALL LOAD CALCULATIONS
S. Wall type Unit Wall Floor Slab Beam Clear Load

N weight(kN Thickness( Height( Depth( Depth( Height( Applied(k
/m3) mm) mm) mm) mm) mm) N/m)
1 FULL BRICK 19.2 250 3048 125 300 2623 11.583
WALL
2 Full Brick 8.108
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (1))
3 HALF BRICK 19.2 120 3048 125 300 2623 5.792
WALL(PARTI
TION)
4 Half Brick 4.054
Wall with
Openings
(applied
70% of (2))
5 Parapet 19.2 120 0 0 0 1200 2.650
Wall

Figure 3:External wall, partition, parapet load applied on beams
Table 7:Dead & imposed live load on area elements
Occupancy or Use Live Load Imposed Dead Load

2
Bedrooms 2.0 KN/m To be computed for actual
finishes and partitions
Corridors,balcony 2.5 KN/m2 To be computed for actual
finishes and partitions
Roof 1.5 KN/m2 To be computed for
inaccessible except for
maintenance
Floor finish 1.5 KN/m2 To be computed for floor
finished applied on the floor
Staircase Dead 2 KN/m2 To be computed for Riser &
Load Tread finished applied on the Waist
Slab
Staircase Live 3 KN/m2 To be computed for the Waist
Load Slab

Figure 4:live load applied on slabs
Figure 5:roof live applied on slabs

Figure 6:floor finish load applied on slabs
6.3 Seismic Load
The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern in ETABS 2018
as per IS 1893-2016. This load case is assumed static linear and all the necessary data are
given as per the following conditions.
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone V
according to IS 1893:2016. The soil type is considered as soft with 5% damping to determine
average response acceleration. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame without
consideration of infill wall. Therefore, the fundamental time period Ta is obtained by using the
following formula:
Ta = 0.075h0.75[Cl.7.6.1, IS 1893 -2016]
Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 for Zone V [Table 3, Cl 6.4.2, IS 1893 -2016]
Importance factor, I = 1.2 [Table 8, Cl 7.2.3, IS 1893 -2016]
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for special RC moment resisting frame (SMRF) [Table 9, Cl
7.2.6, IS 1893 -2016]
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table 10, Cl.7.3.1, IS
1893 (Part 1):2016)

Table 8:mass source for seismic load
S.N Load Type Scale Factor
1 Dead Load 1
2 Live Load <3 0.25
3 Live Load>3 0.5
3 Roof Live Load 0.25
6.3.1 Code-based Design
6.3.1.1 Combinations for Limit State Method (NS 105:1994)
Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table.(Ref: IS 1893:2002)
Table 9: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design
No. Load Combination
1 1.5(DL+LL)
2 1.2(DL+LL±EL)
3 1.5(DL±EL)
4 0.9DL ± 1.5 EL
where: DL = Dead load
LL = Live load
EL = Earthquake load
Live load was not included in the mass calculations.
6.4 Analysis Procedures
6.4.1 Code Based Design

Analysis procedure of the code-based design was shown in the table below.
Table 10: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design
LOAD CASE ANALYSIS PROCEDURES

Gravity load Linear Static
Earthquake load Linear Static
Live Load Linear Static

6.4.1.1 Base Shear & Distribution of Base Shear(IS 1893:2016)
The seismic weight at each level, Wi, were taken as the sum of the dead loads and the seismic
live loads between the mid-heights of adjacent storeys. 100% of dead load, superimposed dead
load and 25% of live load upto 3 kN/m 2 and 50% of live load above 3 KN/m 2were considered as
mass source.
Zone Factor(Z)
Seismic Zone II III IV V
Very
Seismic Intensity Low Moderate Severe Severe
Z 0.1 0.16 0.24 0.36
Importance Factor
Building Type Residential Commercial/Public
Factor(I) 1 1.5
Soil Type Type1 Type2 Type3
Hard Soft
Properties Soil/Rock Medium Soil Soil
No of storey 3
Height of Floor 3.048 m
Total Building height for time period calculation= 9.144 m
Time period(T)= 0.3943787 seconds
Sa/g 2.5
horizontal seismic
coeff(Ah)= 0.09
Seismic weight of building(W)= 2235.89 From SAP results
Seismic base
shear(Vb)= Ah*W= 201.23 kN
6.4.1.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis was carried out for gravity and earthquake loadings.
6.5 Component and Member Design
The structural components were designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements.
Strength capacities for different types of actions considered in the design are summarized in
the table below.
Table 11: Component and Member Design

Structural System Component Design Code
Approach/Consideration Reference
Special RC moment Resisting RC beams Flexural response IS 456:2000
frame Shear
RC columns Compression IS 456:2000
Flexure
Shear
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456:2000
Flexural, shear
RC Moment connections IS 456:2000
connections Shear connections
Chapter 7 Structural Design Results

7.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The structural
components were designed to resist the elastic demand forces considering R factor using
seismic coefficient analysis method.
7.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are tabulated in section capture 7. Axial force diagram,
Bending Moment diagram, Shear Force diagram for certain load combinations are given below
Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon2 )

Figure 8: Shear Force diagram (udcon2)
Figure 9: BMD-2D (udcon2)

7.2.1 Base Shear
The base shear was compared in the above tie beam level. Total weight of building above tie
beam level and base shear is shown as in table in capture 7 below.Base shear distribution is
given below.
Seismic Weight 2235.89

(KN)
Direction X Y
Seismic Coefficient 0.09 0.09
Vb (KN) 201.23 201.23
7.2.2 Story Drift

Maximum drift was calculated based on the SMRF structure. The deflection deviation from
SAP2000 uses to obtain the maximum drift for center of diaphragm for individual floor .
Drift check(Y-direction)
Storey LoadCase height(m) Absolute Drift(mm) Relative Drift(mm) permissible drift check
Ground EqX 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
1st EqX 3.048 4.19 4.19 12.192 OK
2nd EqX 3.048 8.83 4.64 12.192 OK
3rd EqX 3.048 12.1 3.27 12.192 OK
Overall height = 9.144
Max drift = 14.68
Permissible drift = 36.576 Safe
Drift check(X-direction)
Storey LoadCase height(m) Absolute Drift(mm) Relative Drift(mm) permissible drift check
Ground EqY 3.048 0 0 12.192 OK
1st EqY 3.048 5.33 5.33 12.192 OK
2nd EqY 3.048 11.32 5.99 12.192 OK
3rd EqY 3.048 14.68 3.36 12.192 OK

7.2.3 Deformation
Maximum deformation of the building for static earthquake load condition for X and Y direction was checked
from SAP2000 model. Deformed value of the structure is tabulated in capture 7. Deflected shape of building in
x-dir and y-dir due to Eqx & Eqy respectively are shown below

Figure 10: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy)
Figure 11:Displacement of 3d model (EqX)
7.3 Concrete Column Design
The concrete column was designed using various sections with reference IS 456. The minimum
size of column was designed considering the ductile detailing with reference to IS 13920.
Section input to be provided is as shown in below diagrams

7.4 Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as an isolated footing. The dimension of the foundation was
calculated based on 150 kN/m2 soil bearing capacity. The thickness of 450 mm footing was
used for the foundation. The thickness was checked under punching shear and size of footing
was determined considering nominal load transfer mechanism from the column to foundation
below.
7.5 Modal Participation Mass Ratios
IS 1893: 2016 clause 7.7.5.3 states that number of modes to be used in the analysis should be
such that the sum total of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 percent of the
total seismic mass of the structure. Analysis was carried out for first 10 modes so that the mass
participation satisfies this criterion in both orthogonal directions.
Chapter 8 Results and Output

8.1 Analysis for Building Block
8.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mansion in chapter 2,
including modeling assumptions of materials, sections, components properties and design and
result of the building

Figure 12:Joint Reaction(Udcon2
8.1.2 Footing Design for Residential Building Block:

Foundation was designed as Isolated footing based on 150 kN/m 2 bearing capacity dimension
of footing was calculated. The thickness was checked under punching shear. The thickness of
foundation used for calculation was 450 mm.
Typical Footing Design for Building Block
Design of Strap Footing (Critical)

Input
fck(Mpa) 20
fy(Mpa) 500
Unit weight of soil(KN/m3) 18
Angle of repose of soil (φ) 30
Bearing Capacity of soil(KN/m2) 120
Increase in bearing capacity Yes
Increase Bearing capacity (%) 25(Medium/Stiff Soil)
Assumed Bearing Capacity(KN/m2) 150
Self weight of footing in % of P(footing A) 38.025
Self weight of footing in % of P(footing B) 18.065
Depth of footing below GL (m) 1.5
Column on property line(Column A)
Depth (mm) 355
Width(mm) 355
P(KN) 338.17

Mx(KNm) -7.69
My(KNm) 11.44
C/C distance between the columns(m) 5.04
Column B (Inner Grid)
Depth(mm) 355
Width(mm) 355
P(KN) 763.66
Mx(KNm) -10
My(KNm) -0.5
Combination
Calculation for size of footing A

Assumed length of footing(m) 1.83
Eccentricity of footing (m) 0.738
Eccentric Moment (KNm) 166.267
Shear produced by Ecentric Moment(KN) 38.644
Shear produced by Mux (Column A) -1.192
Shear produced by Mux (ColumnB) -1.549
Reaction at footing A 348.624
Required area of footing (m2) 2.324
Calculated width of footing(m) 1.270
Adopted width of footing(m) 1.980
Calculation for size of footing B

Reaction at footing B 560.885
Required area of footing (m2) 3.739
Adopt Length of footing(m) 1.980
Required width of footing(m) 1.889
Adopted width of footing(m) 1.980
Sufficient footing size
Safe in Development Length
Design of footing A
Assumed width of strap footing (mm) 355
Maximum Bending Moment (KNm) 227.069
Width of pedestal on each side of column at top (mm) 0
Calculated Depth of footing @ center (mm) 291.177
Adopted depth of footing @ center(mm) 509
Assumed effective cover(mm) 50
Overall depth of footing slab(mm) 559
Assumed overall depth of slab at edges(mm) 200
Effective depth of slab at edges(mm) 150

Longitudinal Reinforcement
Diameter of bar (mm) 12
Area(mm2) 1084
Calculated Spacing(mm) 104
Adopted Spacing(mm) 125
Percentage of steel,% 0.275
Distribution Reinforcement
Area(mm2) 569.25
Design of footing B
Assumed width of strap footing (mm) 355
Width of pedestal on each side of column at top (mm) 0
Maximum Bending Moment (KNm) 174.084
Calculated Depth of footing @ center (mm) 255
Adopted depth of footing @ center(mm) 550
Assumed effective cover(mm) 50
Overall depth of footing slab(mm) 600
Assumed overall depth of slab at edges(mm) 200
Effective depth of slab at edges(mm) 150
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Area(mm2) 754
Percentage of steel,% 0.259
Distribution Reinforcement
Area(mm2) 600
Checks for footing

One way Shear
Footing B
Depth consider for one way shear (mm) 279.231
Shear Force(V) ,KN 93.250
Nomiansl shear stress(τv),N/mm2 0.334
2
Design shear strength of concrete(τc),N/mm 0.364
K 1
Safe in one way shear
One way Shear

Footing A

Depth consider for one way shear (mm) 265.985
Shear Force(V) ,KN 45.509
Nomiansl shear stress(τv),N/mm2 0.172
2
Design shear strength of concrete(τc),N/mm 0.374
K 1
Safe in one way shear
Two way shear

Footing A
Depth consider for two way shear (mm) 396.5501538
Perimeter of punching area(mm) 2083
Two way shear (KN) 337.036
Nomiansl shear stress(τv) 0.408
Permissible shear stress 1.118

K 1
Safe in Two way Shear
Footing B
Depth consider for two way shear (mm) 414.615
Perimeter of punching area(mm) 3620.000
Two way shear (KN) 556.426
Nomiansl shear stress(τv) 0.371
Permissible shear stress 1.118

K 1
Safe in Two way Shear
Development Length
Footing A
Development Length(mm) 680
Side cover (mm) 50
Actual Length available(mm) 1425
Footing B
Development Length(mm) 680
Side cover (mm) 50
Actual Length available(mm) 762.500
Transfer of Load at the Base of Column

For Footing A
Actual bearing stress(N/mm2) 2.683

Permissible bearing stress(N/mm2) 1.233
For Footing B
Actual bearing stress(N/mm2) 6.060
Permissible bearing stress(N/mm2) 1.160
Dowels bar should be provided
Design of strap Beam(as a Rectangular Beam)

Maximum Bending Moment,(KNm) 225.332
Calculated depth of beam (mm) 490.000
Adopted Depth of beam(mm) 500.000
Overall depth of beam(mm) 558.000
Reinforcement required(mm2) 1260.207
Minimum area of tension reinforcement(mm2) 301.750
Longitudinal Bar
Diameter 16
Number 7
Percentage(%) 0.793
Transverse Reinforcement
Maximum Shear Force(KN) 26.304
Nominal shear stress(τv),Mpa 0.148
Design Strength of Concrete,Mpa 0.572
K 1
Maximum Shear Stress, τcmax 2.8
Provide minimum stirrups
Stirrups
Diameter(mm) 8
Legged 4
Spacing (mm) 200

Isolated Fooing Design(Critical Point)
Isolated Footing(for critical joint)
1 Footing Size Design
Load Pu 544 KN
Design Load P 399 KN
Moment in x dir Mux 10 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy -7 KN-m
Column size cx 355 mm

cy 355 mm

SBC q 150 KN/sqm
Footing Size required A req 2.66 sqmm
L 1.68 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 1.68 meters
Area Provided A prvd 2.82 meters
Zx 0.79
Zx 0.79
Net upward pressure Nup 144 KNm2
Footing Size OK
2 Slab Design
lx 0.663
ly 0.663
Bending Moment in x dir Mx 47 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 47 KN-m
Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 415 MPa
Minimum Depth Required dmin 131
Depth Provided D 450 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 394 mm
Required Spacing c/c in mm

Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
473 sqmm 239 c/c 425 c/c 664 c/c
473 sqmm 239 c/c 425 c/c 664 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion
Area of Steel Provided dia spacing
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
3 One Way Shear along x direction
Vu1 97 KN

ζv 0.147 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 172 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
4 One Way Shear along y direction
Vu1 97 KN
ζv 0.147 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 172 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 488 KN
ζv 0.414 MPa
ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 1320 KN
Two Way Shear Check OK

L= 1.68 meters
355
355
B= 1.68 meters
450 mm
200 mm
12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

8.2 Typical Slab Design
DESIGN OF FLOOR SLAB

Design Data
2
Dimensions of the slab (c/c distance b/w supports), fck = 20 N/mm
2
Length of short span, Lx = 3.44 m fy = 500 N/mm
Length of long span, Ly = 5.07 m
Width of the supporting beam, = 230 mm
Clear cover to main reinforcement = 20 mm
Assume dia. of reinforcement steel = 8 mm
Calculations
Assume the thickness of slab as 127 mm ; Effective depth, d = 103 mm
Effective span, lx = 3.44 m (or) 3.313 m whichever is less; lx = 3.313 m
ly = 5.07 m (or) 4.943 m whichever is less; ly = 4.943 m
(ly / lx ) = 1.49 < 2 ; Here, (ly / lx ) is less than 2, Hence design the slab as two way slab
Load Calculations
2
Dead Load of slab = 0.127 x 25 = 3.18 KN/m
2
Finishes load on slab = 1.50 KN/m
2
Live Load on slab = 3.0 KN/m
2
Total Dead load acting on the Structure = 4.68 KN/m
2
Total live load acting on the Structure = 3.0 KN/m
2
Factored Design Load w = 11.51 KN/m
Support Condition (Type of panel according to support condition)

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous For this support condition,
Short span coefficient for (ly / lx ) = 1.49, Long span coefficient,
For negative moment, ax = 0.0746 For negative moment, ay = 0.047
For positive moment, ax = 0.0557 For positive moment, ay = 0.035
Moment Calculation
2 2
Max. BM per unit width, Mx = ax w l x & My = ay w l x
2 2
Mu Mu / bd pt Ast, req Ast , min = (0.12/100) bD = 152 mm
KNm N/mm 2 % mm2
For Short Span,
Reinforcement details
At mid span, 7.04 - 0.16 163.635
At supports, 9.42 - 0.22 222.247 Provide Y8 @ 125 mm c/c at midspan &
For Long span, supports for short span (Ast pro. = 402 mm 2 )
At mid span, 4.42 - 0.1 101.139 Provide Y8 @ 125 mm c/c at midspan &
At supports, 5.94 - 0.13 137.149 supports for long span (Ast pro. = 402 mm 2 )
Check for Deflection

Percentage of tension reinforcement = 0.39 %
fs = 0.58 fy (Ast req / Ast pro ) = 118.00853
Refer Fig. 4 of IS 456,
Modification factor = 1.8
Allowable (Span / deff ) ratio = 41.4
Effective depth required = 80 mm
< d prov.
Hence OK

8.3 Typical Staircase Design

Chapter 9 Summary
9.1 Summary
Structural design was carried out for buildings. Structural system was Special moment
resisting reinforced concrete frame system with in-filled wall. Special moment resisting frame
was analyzed with seismic load from NBC 105:1994 and reinforced concrete members were
designed with IS456. The outputs from both codes were compared. The reinforced concrete
section was taken from bigger value among the values obtained from the codes. The
foundations were designed as isolated footing considering the bearing capacity of soil
150KN/m2 respectively. The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the building
codes.

9.1.1 Beam design summary
Figure 13: ground Floor Reinforment required
Figure 14:1St floor reinforcement

Figure 15:2nd Floor reinforcment
Table 12: Beam design Summary
Beam Detail Summary

Size of
S.No Description Grid beam Position At Ends At Mid Stirrups Remarks
inch
Top 2-16ØTh+2-12ØEx 2-16ØTh. 8mm dia bar 2-

A,B,D 9"x12"
Legged@ 4" c/c at 2d
Ground Floor/1st Bottom 2-16ØTh. 2-16ØTh+2-12ØEx M20
1 distance from beam
Floor Concrete
Top 2-16ØTh+2-12ØEx 2-16ØTh. joint & 6" remaining
1,2,3,4 9"x12" distance
Bottom 2-16ØTh. 2-16ØTh+2-12ØEx
Top 2-16ØTh+1-12ØEx 2-16ØTh.
A,B,D 9"x12" 8mm dia bar 2-
Legged@ 4" c/c at 2d
M20
2 2nd Floor distance from beam
Top 2-16ØTh+1-12ØEx 2-16ØTh. Concrete
joint & 6" remaining
1,2,3,4 9"x12"
distance
grid-C Top 2-12ØTh. 2-12ØTh. 8mm dia bar 2-

9"x9"
Bottom 2-12ØTh. 2-12ØTh. Legged@ 4" c/c at 2d
Gf,1st,2nd M20
Top 2-12ØTh. 2-12ØTh. distance from beam
Secondary beam between grid-A Concrete
9"x9" joint & 6" remaining
& grid-B Bottom 2-12ØTh. 2-12ØTh.
3 distance

9.1.2 Column Design Summary
Figure 16:Grid-1 reinforcment required(mm2)
Figure 17: Grid-2 Reinforment required

Figure 18:Grid-3 longitudinal reinforcement
Figure 19:grid-4, longitudinal reinforcment required

Table 13:Column Design summary
Column Reinforcement Provided
Ground Floor/1st
Column Type SIZE Location Nos Roof STIRRUPS
Floor/2nd Floor
8mm DIA @ 4" C/C

4-16Ø+4-
C1 12"X12" C4,D3 2 4-16Ø+4-12Ø=1256 near joint & 6" C/C at
12Ø=1256
mid
8mm DIA @ 4" C/C
C2 14"X14",12"X12" grd-1,B4 4 8-16Ø=1608 8-16Ø=1608 near joint & 6" C/C at
mid
8mm DIA @ 4" C/C
C2 14"X14",12"X12" grd-2,A4 4 4-20Ø+4-16Ø=2060 8-16Ø=1608 near joint & 6" C/C at
mid
Notes: grid-B, grid-2 columns are of size 14"x14" and rest all are 12"X12"
9.1.3 Footing Design Summary

Isolated Footing Reinforcement Details
Reinforcement in Concrete
Footing Footing depth
NOS Size x -direction & y- Footing edge depth
from Ground
Type direction depth
level Location
12mm Ø @ 6"
F1(Strap Beam-2'x1'6") 2 6'6"x6'6"
spacing on both side
18" 6" 5'-0" A2,B2
12mm Ø @ 6"
F2(Strap Beam-2'x1'6") 4 5'6"x5'6"
18" 6" 5'-0" A1,B1,A4,B4
12mm Ø @ 6"
F3(Pad Foundation) 4 5'x5'
18" 6" 5'-0" Grd-D, C4
9.1.4 Slab Design Summary
Critical panel bar size Spacing Thickness
Slab Type majo-dir minor-dir (inch) Remarks
Two-way 8mm 125mm - 5" M20
8mm - 125

9.1.5 Staircase Design Summary
Spacing Thickness
bar size
Slab Type Lateral trasverse (inch) Remarks
12mm 150mm - 6"

Flight & Landing M20
8mm - 250mm 6"

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam
SAP2000 V20 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK
C/B ratio
Ratio of flexural capacity of Beam/column is computed to preclude the formation of plastic hinges in
columns for obvious reasons.
Sum of flexural capacities of column at a joint should be 1.2 times the capacities of beam framing
into the joint in particular direction.
When capacity is exceeded, we can increase the size of column, or reduce the size of beam, or play
with reinforcement of members. It has nothing to do with redistribution of moments; If both end of
column will yield, during a seismic event, in a particular story, structure will most probably
collapse. In a frame, that is resisting lateral loads, you cannot take away the ability of beam to
develop negative moment; if you do not provide top reinforcement, it will not be called a moment
resisting frame, and will not resist lateral loads.
Figure 20: C/B capacity ratio>1.4,ALL PASSED

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development & Building Constrution
Building Code Division
Babarmahal, Kathmandu
NBC Compliance Check list on Structural Analysis & Design for RCC
Uni Adopted
S.No Description Quantity Remarks
t Code
A General Information:
A.1 Owner’s Name: Bhupendra Bdr Singh
Address: Dhangadhi SubMetro Politian City-08
Plinth Area: 927.7 sq.ft
Plot no: 571
A.3 Types of Building: Residential

A.4 Structural Designed By:
Consultancy Firm: Janasewa Engineering Consultancy

Designers’ Name: Prakash Bdr Rawal
Nepal Engineering Council No: 30130 Civil"A"
B Geometrical Configuration of Building:
B.1 No. of Block: 1

B.2 No. of Story: 1
B.3 Story Height:
Basements 0
Ground Floor 3.048 m
Typical 3.048 m
B.4 No. of columns: 10 no
B.5 No. of Lift: 0
B.6 No. of staircase: 0 no
B.7 Total height of structure: 9.144 m
Total height for Fundamental

B.8
time period calculation:
9.144 m

Height to width ratio of
B.9 1.06
building:
Length to width ratio of

B.10 1.29
building:
C Geological Investigation:
Geological Investigation
i) Yes No
Conducted
If No
Adopted Value as per NBC 205
C.9 Table
3.1
Site Consideration as per NBC

C.10 Yes No
108?
D Structural Analysis and Design Procedure:
Structural Analysis
D.1 SAP2000 v22
Software:(version)
D.2 Structural System: SMRF
ISOLATED(Sloped
D.3 Foundation System:
)
D.4 Loading Parameters:
i. Dead Load: ……………. (As per NBC102:1994)
ii. Live Load: ……………. (As per NBC 103:1994)
…………….
iii. Other Load if any
D.5 Concrete Grade Used : M20 Column
Foundation, Beam,
M20
Slab
D.6 Reinforcement Grade Used: Fe500
Reinforcement Grade Used for

Fe415
shear:
Mechanical Properties of other

D.7
construction materials used:

i. Brick 18 kN/m3
kN/m
ii. Steel Section 75..8
3
kN/m
iii. RCC 25
3
kN/m
iii. PCC 24
3
Seismic Load (AS per
D.8 NBC105 or
IS 1893:2016) :-
D.8.1 Zone Factor (Z): 0.36
D.8.2 Importance Factor(I): 1 Industrial
D.8.3 Soil Type: Medium Soil
Fundamental Time
D.8.4 0.394 sec
Period(Tx/y):
D.8.5 Response Reduction Factor (R):
Design horizontal Seismic

D.8.6 0.09
Coefficient(Cd)):
D.8.7 Seismic Weight:(W) 2235.89 kN
Design Seismic Base

D.8.8 201.23 kN
Shear(Vbx/y):
D.8.9 Base Shear from Dynamic Analysis (Response spectrum analysis or time history)
Rx=
Ry=
D.8.1
Damping:
0
D.9 Seismic Analysis Method:
Seimic Coeffecient
D.9.1 Seismic Anlysis method
Method
D.9.2 No. of modes Considered:

D.9.3 Type of Modal Combination:
Modal Mass Participation
D.9.4
Factor:
In X-direction
In Y-direction
D.9.5 Scale Factor
i. Along X-direction:
ii. Along Y-Direction:

D.9.6 Total Deflection of Building:
i. Along X-direction: 12.1 mm 12.192
ii. Along Y-Direction: 14.68 mm 12.192

D.9.7 Inter Story Deflection (Drift): Eqx Eqy
Storey1 4.19 5.33
Storey2 4.64 5.99
Storey3 3.27 3.36
Separation Between blocks if
D.9.8
any:
D.9.9 Load Combination Considered: (NBC105 or IS 1893:2002)
E. Reinforced Concrete Design
E.1 Concrete Design code Referred: (IS456:2000 or )
Ductile Detailing code

E.2 (IS13920:1993)
Referred:
Typical design of structural

elements foundation, slab, (IS456:200
E.3 staircase, retaining 0 or )
wall etc:

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Detailed Structural Analysis & Design Report

Chapter 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3 Design Philosophy and Approach ........................................................................................... 10

Chapter 4 Basic Materials ....................................................................................................................... 14

Chapter 5 Modeling and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 15

Chapter 6 Loads ...................................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 7 Structural Design Results ....................................................................................................... 22

Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page ii

Chapter 9 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 39

Appendix A: Sample Design for RC Column ................................................................................................. 46

Appendix B: Sample Design for RC Beam .................................................................................................... 47

APPENDIX C: COLUMN , BEAM CAPACITY RATIO CHECK ..................................................................... 48

APPENDIX D: CHECKLIST FOR RCC STRUCTURE .................................................................................. 49

Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page iii

Table 2:Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................................. 9

Table 3: Importance factor ................................................................................................................................ 12

Table 5: Compressive Strength of concrete .................................................................................................... 14

Table 6 :Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel ...................................................................................................... 15

Table 7:Wall load to be applied on members ................................................................................................. 16

Table 8:Dead & imposed live load on area elements .................................................................................... 17

Table 9:mass source for seismic load ................................................................................................................ 20

Table 11: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design ..................................................................................... 20

Table 12: Component and Member Design .................................................................................................... 21

Table 13: Beam design Summary ...................................................................................................................... 41

Table 14:Column Design summary.................................................................................................................... 44

Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page iv

Figure 2:input sections for beam & columns ...................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3:External wall, partition, parapet load applied on beams ............................................................... 17

Figure 4:live load applied on slabs.................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 5:roof live applied on slabs ..................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 6:floor finish load applied on slabs ........................................................................................................ 19

Figure 7: Axial Force diagram (udcon2 ) .......................................................................................................... 22

Figure 8: Shear Force diagram (udcon2) ......................................................................................................... 23

Figure 9: BMD-2D (udcon2) ................................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 10: Displacement of 3d model (Eqy) ..................................................................................................... 26

Figure 11:Displacement of 3d model (EqX) ..................................................................................................... 26

Figure 12:Joint Reaction(Udcon2 ...................................................................................................................... 28

Figure 13: ground Floor Reinforment required ................................................................................................. 40

Figure 14:1St floor reinforcement....................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 15:2nd Floor reinforcment....................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 16:Grid-1 reinforcment required(mm2) ................................................................................................. 42

Figure 17: Grid-2 Reinforment required............................................................................................................ 42

Figure 18:Grid-3 longitudinal reinforcement .................................................................................................... 43

Figure 19:grid-4, longitudinal reinforcment required ....................................................................................... 43

Figure 20: C/B capacity ratio>1.4,ALL PASSED................................................................................................. 48

Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page v

2.2 Salient Features

2.2.1 Project Information

Total Floor Area : 2320.43 sq.ft

Total land Area : 169.31 square m.

Floor area Ratio Total Floor Area/Total

Plinth area /Total land

2.2.2 Building Features

Plinth level : As per architectural drawing

Roof floor Type : Accessible, Terrace

Walls : Brick walls

Footing Type : Isolated Foundation

2.2.3 Site Condition

Allowable bearing pressure : 150 KN/m2(Assumed as per site soil)

Seismic Zone Factor : 0.36

Structural Analysis and design for Residential Building Page 6

Figure 1: Ground Floor Architectural Plan