Failure Mechanisms

We start with room temperature dry

 Performance Envelope
Coordinates

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
Stresses
under
simple
pressure
loading.

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙

API has pressure on y axis and effective stress on

x axis,. Can be easily converted.
Laminate ±10/±852
All curves ±10/±85
……………….

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
B M

L
E
Turns into
something
simple

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 Fhoop
Y

Turns into something simple

Faxial Faxial

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙

C
±10/±852

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
 ±10/±852

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M

Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover

 ±10/±852

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M

Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover

Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±10/±852

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
B M

Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover

Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±10/±852

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
B M

E
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±10/±852
No liner / cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
B M

E
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
±10/±852
No liner / cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
±10/±852
WITH liner / cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
B

E
±10/±852
WITH liner / cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 Fhoop
Y

Faxial Faxial

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙

C
±10/±852
With or without
liner / cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 Fhoop
Y

Faxial Faxial

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙

C
Laminate ±55
All curves ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
F
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover.

The envelope should look more like an ellipse, will be drawn
better later
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

L L
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

L L
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
 ±55
no liner/cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
±55
no liner/cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
±55 with
liner/cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
F

B C

L L
E
±55 with
liner/cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
Y
F

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
L
F
C
±55 with
liner/cover

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
Y
F

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
L
F
C
Temperature, concentration, time
dependence

Each failure line will move, because the

strengths used in the failure criteria will
change with the environment and time.
 ±55

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
Matrix cracking is only important if there is no liner/cover
Yielding is only important if there is a
liner/cover
±55
”cold”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F
Y

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F

B C

L L
E
±55
”cold”, “hot”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F

L 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F
C
±55
”cold”, “hot”
“aged”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝
F

L B E

L 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M
F
C
±10/±852
”cold”, “hot”
“aged”

𝜎ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 F

Y
F
B
F E

𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
M