MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

P.O. Box 972-60200 – Meru-Kenya.

Tel: +254 (0)799529958, +254 (0)799529959, +254 (0)712524293
Website: www.must.ac.ke Email: info@must.ac.ke
University Examinations 2020/2021
THIRD YEAR, FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND BACHELOR OF EDUCATION
SCIENCE

SCH 3351- CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS & PHASE EQUILIBRIA

DATE: SEPTEMBER 2021 TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one and any other two questions.

Physical Constants
1 litre = 1000 1 1000 10
1 calorie = 4.184J
1 atmosphere – 76.0cmHg = 10.325
O oC = 273.15K
Molar Gas volume at STP = 22.4151
Gas constant R = 0.08205 litre atm
Avogadro’s number (NA) = 6.023 10
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8066
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
a) Define the following terms as used in chemical thermodynamics.
(i) Energy (1 Mark)
(ii) System (2 Marks)
(iii) Universe (1 Mark)
(iv) Entropy (1 Mark)
b) Differentiate between open and adiabatic system. (2 Marks)

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 c) One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at STP is heated at constant volume to a
temperature of 35K. Determine the change in entropy for the process. (3 Marks)
d) State Raults law (2 Marks)
e) State three conditions that an ideal solution should meet. (3 Marks)
f) Giving an example in each case differentiate between extensive and intensive properties.
(4 Marks)
g) State the first law of thermodynamics ( 2 Marks)
h) Draw and name adiabatic calorimeter (5 Marks)
i) Define the term state functions (2 Marks)
j) State the second law of thermodynamics (2 Marks)

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) When one mole of water at 1000C and 1atm pressure, is converted to steam (at 100oC ) the
amount of heat absorbed is 40670J. Calculate ∆E for the charge (10 Marks)
b) Determine the changes in entropy for the following reactions;
(i) ( ) + ( ) → ( ) (3 Marks)
(ii) 2 ( graphite) + 3 ( ) → )( ) (3 Marks)

Substance Entropy * +
(, -./012-) 2.44

C(,, 456.78)
5.69

157.99
( )

C2H2(g) 219.45

H2(g) 130.59

C2H6(g) 229.3

C2H4 219.32

c) Classify the following systems as closed or open. (4 Marks)

(i) Nitrogen and hydrogen melting to form ammonia in a sealed tube
(ii) Potassium chlomate and manganese dioxide are heated in a sealed tube to form
oxygen

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 (iii) A glass vial containing sulphuric acid is broken inside water in a beaker
(iv) A glass vial containing hydrochloric acid is broken inside a solution of sodium
hydroxide kept in a closed polythene bottle insulated with a cork.

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)

Ethanol and methanol from a solution that is nearly ideal. The vapour pressure of ethanol is 44.5
mmHg and that of methanol is 88.7mmHg at 20oC. Calculate.

a) The mole fractions of methanol and ethanol is a solution obtained by mixing 60g of
ethanol and 40g of methanol. (7 Marks)
b) The partial vapour pressure and the total vapour pressures of these solutions(5 Marks)
c) The mole fraction of ethanol in the vapour. (3 Marks)
d) 3 of hydrogen initially at STP are expanded isothermally and reversibly to a volume
of 4 . Calculate work done. (5 Marks)

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)

At 20oC the vapour pressure of a pure toluene is 75mmHg and that of pure Benzene is 22mmHg.
What is the;

a) Composition of the solution of these two components that has a vapour pressure of
50mmHg at this temperature. (10 Marks)
b) Composition of the vapour in this solution. (10 Marks)

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