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Description:Attachment Report for Bachelor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kenya Power
and Lighting Company
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Final Attachment Report for Electrical & Electronics Engineering
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Name LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI Reg No. **********DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGYKENYA POWER AND LIGHTING COMPANY PLCMt. Kenya Region OfficeP.O. Box 106-10100
Nyeri, KenyaSection Attached: KPLC Meru
STUDENTS’ EXTERNAL ATTACHMENT
REPORTDATE: JAN-MARCH, 2020OFFICIAL USE ONLY:PASS/FAIL___________________REVIEWED BY

CORDINATOR__________________DATE REVIEWED AND SIGNED
____________________________________________
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S T U D E N T’
SPARTICULARS
Name of student:
LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI
Registration No. of the student:

************
Department:
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Course of study:
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ANDELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Year of study:
YEAR THREE SEMESTER THREE
Company Attached
KENYA POWER AND LIGHTING COMPANY
Station Attached
MERU BRANCH
Company Address:
Mt. Kenya Region Office, P.O. Box 106-10100 Nyeri, Kenya
Directions to the Attachment:
Dedan kimathi University of Technology-NyeriTown-Nanyuki_Meru Road-Makutano Meru-Makutano-

Maua Road_300m fromMakutano Junction.
Name of Company Supervisor:
JACOB MUNYAO
Cell Phone of Company Supervisor:
****************
Email of the Company Supervisor: ****************Duration: From: 13
TH
JANUARY 2020 To: 17
TH
MARCH 2020 No. of weeks: 11 weeks{ }{ }
Official rubber stamp
{ }{ }
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DECLARATION
I, LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI, do hereby declare that this report is my original work done atKenya Power
and Lighting Company, Meru and to the best of my knowledge, it has not beensubmitted for any degree
award in any University or Institution.
SIGNED: ………………………….
DATE: 3
RD
APRIL 2020
LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Almighty God for His mighty blessings, protection, guidance, good health, good progress and
wisdom to make me reach this far and be able to accomplish the entire attachment period.I also thank
senior human resource & admin officer Madam Eunice Kinuthia and Kenya powermanagers for granting
me the chance to be attached at the company. More gratitude goes to mysupervisor Engineer Jacob
Munyao and all other Kenya Power Meru staffs for their guidance,support and utilization of their time
and resources in guiding me to the best of their knowledge to be a bright and well equipped electrical
and electronics engineer in the field of High Powergeneration, transmission and distribution from
various generation points as far as from Kamburu,Kindaruma and other to the consumers all around
Meru County region.More appreciation goes to my Institution supervisor Dr. Welma Nyabuto for her
guidance andtrack of where I have reached step by step.Special thanks goes to my family, relatives and
colleagues for their moral and financial supportthroughout the attachment period. It could be very hard
for me to achieve without them. May
God’s blessing be upon
you.
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Table of Contents
S T U D E N T’S P A R T I C U L A R S
...........................................................................................................
2DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................................
3ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................
4INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................
6
Kenya Power Quality Policy.
............................................................................................................... 7
COMPANIES ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
......................................................................... 7
Kenya Power Board of Directors
..................................................................................................... 8SUMMARY OF WORK

DONE ........................................................................................................................ 9PROJECTS INVOLVED
IN: ........................................................................................................................... 21WEAK AND STRONG
POINT OF THE ATTACHMENT ................................................................................... 26POINTS OF
IMPROVEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 27PROBLEMS
ENCOUNTERED .......................................................................................................................
27DISCUSSION ..............................................................................................................................................
27CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................
28REFERENCE ...............................................................................................................................................
29
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INTRODUCTION
The Kenya Power and Lighting Company PLC (Kenya Power) owns and operates most of theelectricity
transmission and distribution system in the country and sells electricity to over 7.5
million consumers. The Company’s vision is to be Kenya’s energy solutions provider
of choice by providing quality and reliable service to power people for better lives and enable the
country’s socio
-economic development in a sustainable manner. Its key mandate is to plan forsufficient electricity
generation and transmission capacity to meet demand; build and maintainthe power distribution and
transmission network and retail electricity to its customers.Kenya Power buys electricity from various
generation power stations through Kenya ElectricityGenerating Company PLC, KenGen which is the
leading electricals power generation companyin Kenya producing about 75% of electricity from green
sources namely: Hydro (818MW),Geothermal (706MW), Thermal (706MW) and Wind (26MW). The main
stages for thetransmission are shown below.
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The main mission of the company is to power people for better lives by innovatively securing business
sustainability. More so it strives to provide world class products and services thatdelight our customers
and transform lives as we ensure viability of our business.The vision of the company is to become the
preferred energy solution for business andindividuals and to empower our customers to achieve more
and reach their full potential.Kenya Power has various core values of which it operates on namely;i.
To put customers first as they matter most.ii.
To work together as one team to achieve its goals.iii.
Passionate about powering the nation.iv.
Believe in integrity and delivering on its promises.v.
Strive for excellence in all the work done.vi.
To be accountable to its customers and stakeholders.
Kenya Power Quality Policy.

Kenya Power is committed to provide cost effective, reliable and quality power that delights
customers and betters people’s lives. It uses suitable technologies and innovations to improve
power network and customer service as per the quality management system that complies withISO
9001:2015.The Kenya Power and Lighting Company PLC works hand in hand with other companies
tomake its vision, mission and mandate to be accomplished. The companies linked together are:i.
Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)ii.
Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB)iii.
Geothermal Development Company (GDC)iv.
Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO)v.
Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC)vi.
Ministry of Energyvii.
Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA)
COMPANIES ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The Kenya Power and Lighting Company is run by various stake holders at different positionswhich
comprises of:i.
General Managers: These are divided in the following sections:i.
Infrastructureii.
Network Managementiii.
Customer Management( connectivity)iv.
Financev.
Information and communication Technologyvi.
Human Resource and management
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vii.
Business planningviii.
Audit.ii.
Managers: They incorporates;i.
Function managersii.
Operation managersiii.
Network managersiii.
Chief officers;i.
Functional headsii.
Cooperation managementiii.
Chief Human Resourceiv.
Chief engineer technical servicesv.
Chief design and constructionvi.
Chief customer carevii.
Chief supply chainviii.
Chief safety
Kenya Power Board of Directors
The following are the board of directors running Kenya Power and Lighting Company;a.
Amb. (Eng.) Mahboub Maalim BSc (Civ. Eng.), MSc (Civ. Eng.), R. EngChairman of the Board b.
Ekur Yatani, Cabinet Secretary, Treasuryc.
Mr. Bernard Ngugi, Managing Director and CEOd.
Dr. (Eng.) Joseph Njoroge CBS, PhD, MBA, BSc (Eng.), R. Cons. Eng., C. Eng., MIET,FIEK
Principal Secretary, Ministry of Energye.
Mrs. Brenda Kokoi BA (Dev. Studies), Dip. Ed.- Board memberf.
Mr. Kairo Thuo LLB (Hons), CPA (K), CPA (T), ACII - Board memberg.
Mr. Wilson Mugung’ei, B.A (Math.), MBA
- Board memberh.
Mr. Adil Khawaja LL.B (Hons), Dip. (Law) - Board memberi.
Mrs. Beatrice Gathirwa B.Com, MBA, CPA(K) Alternate Director, the National Treasury j.
Eng. Isaac Kiva, OGW BSc (Eng.), R. Eng., MIEK Alternate Director, Ministry ofEnergyk.
Hon. Zipporah Kering B.Ed, Dip. Ed. - Board memberl.

Imelda Bore LL.B, LL.M, Dip(Law), H.Dip (HR), CPS(K), AMCIArb,m.
General Manager, Corporate Affairs & Company SecretaryAll these are supported by Regional
managers and County Business Managers whom aredistributed to various sections.The Kenya power and
Lighting Company PLC organization is dividend in 10 regions namely:1.
Nairobi North,2.
Nairobi West,3.
Nairobi South,
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4.
North Eastern,5.
North Rift,6.
Central Rift,7.
Coast,8.
Mount Kenya,9.
South Nyanza and10.
West KenyaAll these regions link the networks which are comprised of;a.
Generation sub stations b.
Transmission networksc.
Transmission substationsd.
Transmission linese.
Transmission switching substationsf.
Distribution substationsKenya Power and Lighting Company also has various systems for support in
accomplishment ofits mission and mandates which includes:a.
Facility database systems b.
Design and maintenance systemsc.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)d.

Distribution systems
SUMMARY OF WORK DONE
In the period of the ten (10) weeks of attachment I was assigned to work in the followingsections;i.
Operation and Maintenance (O & M)ii.
Emergencyiii.
Plant (Electrical Plants)iv.
Substationv.
Customer service which also included:a.
Meter reading b.
Revenue Collectionc.
Revenue Protection Unit (RPU)d.
New connection
i. Operation and Maintenance (O & M)
This is the section which involves electrical transmission and distribution periodic maintenanceand
installation of faulty, rotten or fallen poles. This section involved Live-Line Operation and
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Maintenance of Power transmission and Distribution Networks. Operation and maintenance inthis
section involved;
Inspection of transmission or distribution lines from the main distribution transformer tothe terminal
consumers connected to the low voltage lines,
Replacement of fallen High Tension High voltage poles,
Replacement of faulty Surge diver protection devices
Replacement of faulty transformers,
Cutting down of trees and clearing way leaves

Re-sagging of loose conductors.Live-line working also deals with maintenance of electrical equipment,
often operating athigh voltage, while the equipment is energized. It is operated under an initial award of
a working permit from a qualified competent person assigned to issue the permit. He or she should
betrained, pass a qualification test, should have a certain working experience and must be approved by
the Company before doing the job. Before commencing of any daily work there is a workinstructions
given which may have been scheduled or arisen from the customers due to powerfailure in certain
sections. All these work instructions are analyzed and given to the team leadersof each team. The
condition of the weather should be favorable since live line working
can’t be
done well under rainy conditions due to sliding while climbing poles. Also if the wind force istoo much it
is inappropriate to perform live line working. If there is thunder and lightning, snow,hail, rain or fog, live
line working is prohibited. If sudden weather changes which may endanger personal and equipment
safety are experienced, it is necessary to stop working immediately,evacuate the people, restore the
equipment to its normal condition or take temporary securitymeasures. It is also necessary to
investigate the working site by checking whether the distributionlines meets live line working conditions.
Various tools are used in this section like Operation andmaintenance vehicles, live line testers, concrete
pole and wooden Climbers, Multi-meters,Insulation resistance tester, Come along, ropes and Personal
Protective equipment like overall,head gear, gloves, safety boots.
Safety Measures
If the line is de‐energized suddenly du
ring live line working, workers should still regardthe line as energized. The team leader should receive a
work permit number and contactthe distribution network dispatching or operation and maintenance
department as soon as possible. Dispatching personnel or operation and maintenance personnel on
duty shouldnot provide forced energization before making contact with the team leader.
If any equipment failure is identified, the team leader should stop work immediately,evacuate people,
and contact the operation and maintenance personnel on duty.

Common Multiple Earthing (CME) should be connected prior to the point of isolation to prevent any live
kickback and also to protect the personnel working on it.
Page
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Pole Replacements.
The various pole types used for electrical transmission and distribution used are the towers,concrete
poles and wooden poles. However, wooden poles were tested by sounding a pole usinga metallic rod
and those detected with a hollow part were replaced. Others are faulty by essenceof being rotten and
most of them fallen hence creating short circuiting hence breaking the fusesor even the isolators. Due to
the periodic braking of the rotten/fallen wooden poles, these arenow replaced by the concrete poles
which are steel reinforced hence they are long lasting and canwithstand various environmental
conditions.
Earthing and Grounding
Earthing is the process of protecting parts of electrical apparatus such as metallic covering ofmetals,
transformers, earth terminal of socket cables, high voltage transmission lines supporting bars like cross
arms that do not carry current to the earth. To earth can be done by connection ofthe neutral point of a
power supply system to the earth so as to avoid or minimize danger duringdischarge of electrical
energy.Earthing is done by connecting the electrical transformers casing earthing point to
ground,connecting of all metallic parts to ground using earth wire, connection of pole support using
staywire and also connection of High voltage transmission lines to surge diverters to ground theexcess
current when in need. Earthing is advisable since it helps to;a.
Avoid risk of fire as a result of earth leakage current through unwanted path b.
Protect human lives as well as provide safety to electrical devices and appliancesfrom leakage current.c.
Avoid electric shockd.

Protect Electric system and buildings form lighting.e.
Serve as a return conductor in electric traction system and communication.f.
Avoid the risk of fire in electrical installation systems.Earth resistivity of various parts is not equal and at
some point its higher or lower in others hencecausing need to use very long earth rods and also multiple
earth rods maintain quality earthing
system. Various factors to be considered that affects earth’s re
sistivity are:
i.
Soil Resistivity
This is the resistance of soil to the passage of electric current. The earth resistance value of anearth pit
depends on soil resistivity. It is the resistance of the soil to the passage of electriccurrent. This varies
from one soil type to another. It depends on the physical composition of thesoil, moisture, dissolved
salts, grain size and distribution, seasonal variation and currentmagnitude.
ii.
Moisture
Moisture has a great influence on resistivity value of soil. The resistivity of a soil can bedetermined by
the quantity of water held by the soil and resistivity of the water itself.Conduction of electricity in soil is
through water.
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iii.
Soil Condition
Different soil conditions give different soil resistivity. Most of the soils are very poor conductorsof
electricity when they are completely dry. Soil resistivity is measured in ohm-meters. Soil plays a
significant role in determining the performance of electrode. Soil with low resistivity ishighly corrosive. If
soil is dry then soil resistivity value will be very high. If soil resistivity ishigh, earth resistance of electrode
will also be high.
iv.
Dissolved salts
Pure water is poor conductor of electricity. Resistivity of soil depends on resistivity of waterwhich in turn
depends on the amount and nature of salts dissolved in it. Small quantity of salts inwater reduces soil
resistivity by 80%. Common salt is most effective in improving conductivityof soil though it corrodes
metal and hence discouraged.
v.
Climate Condition
Increase or decrease of moisture content determines the increase or decrease of soilresistivity. Thus in
dry whether resistivity will be very high and wet weather the resistivity will be low.
vi.
Physical Composition
Different soil composition gives different average resistivity. Based on the type of soil, theresistivity of
clay soil may be in the range of 4
150 ohm-meter, whereas for rocky or gravelsoils, the same may be well above 1000 ohm-meter.
vii.
Area Available
Single electrode rod or strip or plate will not achieve the desired resistance alone. If a number
ofelectrodes could be installed and interconnected the desired resistance could be achieved.
Thedistance between the electrodes must be equal to the driven depth to avoid overlapping of area
ofinfluence. Each electrode, therefore, must be outside the resistance area of the other.
viii.
Obstructions
The soil may look good on the surface, but there may be obstructions below a few feet like virginrock. In
that event resistivity will be affected. Obstructions like concrete structure near about the pits will affect
resistivity. If the earth pits are close by, the resistance value will be high.
ix.
Current Magnitude
A current of significant magnitude and duration will cause significant drying condition in soiland thus
increase the soil resistivity.
Earthing of Transformers
Transformers hold relatively high currents and thus may experience acute power surges andhence needs
proper eathing for their safety and testing using the earth ground tester or megger below. The
transformer metal parts are earthed and also the neutral conductor are connected tothe earthing points
at the transformer termination point with multiple long earth rods. A one spanearthing is done by use of
a protective multiple earthing and also after four spans eathing is doneacross the distribution line.
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Jan 15, 2021

Final Attachment Report For Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Uploaded byLalai Samuel Ntongai Date uploadedon Jan 15, 2021

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Jan 15, 2021

Final Attachment Report for Electrical & Electronics Engineering

© © All Rights Reserved

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Name LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI Reg No. **********DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF

STUDENTS’ EXTERNAL ATTACHMENT

REPORTDATE: JAN-MARCH, 2020OFFICIAL USE ONLY:PASS/FAIL___________________REVIEWED BY

Remaining Time -0:20

LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI

Registration No. of the student:

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ANDELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

YEAR THREE SEMESTER THREE

KENYA POWER AND LIGHTING COMPANY

Mt. Kenya Region Office, P.O. Box 106-10100 Nyeri, Kenya

Directions to the Attachment:

Dedan kimathi University of Technology-NyeriTown-Nanyuki_Meru Road-Makutano Meru-Makutano-

Name of Company Supervisor:

Cell Phone of Company Supervisor:

Email of the Company Supervisor: ****************Duration: From: 13

JANUARY 2020 To: 17

Official rubber stamp

LALAI SAMUEL NTONGAI

God’s blessing be upon

Kenya Power Quality Policy.

Kenya Power Board of Directors

..................................................................................................... 8SUMMARY OF WORK

million consumers. The Company’s vision is to be Kenya’s energy solutions provider

To put customers first as they matter most.ii.

To work together as one team to achieve its goals.iii.

Passionate about powering the nation.iv.

Believe in integrity and delivering on its promises.v.

Strive for excellence in all the work done.vi.

To be accountable to its customers and stakeholders.

Kenya Power Quality Policy.

Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)ii.

Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB)iii.

Geothermal Development Company (GDC)iv.

Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO)v.

Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC)vi.

Energy &amp; Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA)

COMPANIES ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

General Managers: These are divided in the following sections:i.

Customer Management( connectivity)iv.

Information and communication Technologyvi.

Human Resource and management

Managers: They incorporates;i.

Chief Human Resourceiv.

Chief engineer technical servicesv.

Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA)