IB Official MAA Examples P1

1. [6 marks] The derivative of a function 𝑓𝑓 is given by 𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥 ) = 3√𝑥𝑥.

Given that 𝑓𝑓(1) = 3, find the value of 𝑓𝑓(4).

2. [5 marks] Solve the equation 2ln𝑥𝑥 = ln9 + 4. Give your answer in the form

𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 𝑞𝑞 where 𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℤ+ .

3. [6 marks] The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete
random variable 𝑋𝑋 where 𝑥𝑥 = 1,2,3,4.

Find the value of 𝑘𝑘, justifying your answer.

4a. [2 marks] The first three terms of an arithmetic sequence are

𝑢𝑢1 , 5𝑢𝑢1 − 8 and 3𝑢𝑢1 + 8. Show that 𝑢𝑢1 = 4.

4b. [4 marks] Prove that the sum of the first 𝑛𝑛 terms of this arithmetic sequence is
a square number.
5. [6 marks] The functions 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ by

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 − 2 and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏, where 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 ∈ ℝ.

Given that (𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔)(2) = −3 and (𝑔𝑔 ∘ 𝑓𝑓)(1) = 5, find the value of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏.
 3𝑥𝑥 2+𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
6. [6 marks] Consider the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = where 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2 and 𝑏𝑏 ∈ ℝ.
𝑥𝑥+2

Find the value of 𝑏𝑏 for which the graph of 𝑓𝑓 has exactly one point with a gradient
of zero.
7a. [2 marks] The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥𝑥 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
and rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂. The rectangle has a vertex at the origin 𝑂𝑂, a vertex on the
𝑦𝑦-axis at the point 𝑅𝑅(0, 𝑦𝑦), a vertex on the 𝑥𝑥-axis at the point 𝑇𝑇(𝑥𝑥, 0) and a vertex
at point 𝑆𝑆(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) on the graph.

Let 𝑃𝑃 represent the perimeter of rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.

Show that 𝑃𝑃 = −2𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 8.

7b. [6 marks] Find the dimensions of rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 that has maximum
perimeter and determine the value of the maximum perimeter.

7c. [2 marks] Let 𝐴𝐴 represent the area of rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.

Find an expression for 𝐴𝐴 in terms of 𝑥𝑥.

7d. [5 marks] Find the dimensions of rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 that has maximum area.

7e. [1 mark] Determine the maximum area of rectangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.

8a. [3 marks] The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = −1 − √𝑥𝑥 + 3

for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −3.

Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of

𝑦𝑦 = √𝑥𝑥 for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0 to the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = −1 − √𝑥𝑥 + 3 for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −3.

8b. [1 mark] A function 𝑓𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) = −1 − √𝑥𝑥 + 3 for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −3.

State the range of 𝑓𝑓.

8c. [5 marks] Find an expression for 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), stating its domain.

8d. [5 marks] Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 )
and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥 ) intersect.
9a. [2 marks] The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring,
which is suspended from a ceiling.

The height, ℎ metres, of the ball above the ground at time 𝑡𝑡 seconds after being
released can be modelled by the function ℎ(𝑡𝑡) = 0.4cos(𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) + 1.8 where 𝑡𝑡 ≥ 0.

Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released.

9b. [2 marks] Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground.

9c. [2 marks] Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height
above the ground for the first time.

9d. [5 marks] For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of time
that the ball is less than 1.8 + 0.2√2 metres above the ground.

9e. [4 marks] Find the rate of change of the ball’s height above the ground
1
when 𝑡𝑡 = . Give your answer in the form 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝�𝑞𝑞𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −1 where 𝑝𝑝 ∈ ℚ and 𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℤ+ .
3
 3
10a. [4 marks] A function 𝑓𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
𝑥𝑥 2 +2

Sketch the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations
and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.

10b. [4 marks] The region 𝑅𝑅 is bounded by the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), the 𝑥𝑥-axis and the
lines 𝑥𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥𝑥 = √6. Let 𝐴𝐴 be the area of 𝑅𝑅.

√2𝜋𝜋
Show that 𝐴𝐴 = .
2

10c. [4 marks] The line 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑘𝑘 divides 𝑅𝑅 into two regions of equal area.

Find the value of 𝑘𝑘.

10d. [2 marks] Let 𝑚𝑚 be the gradient of a tangent to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ).

6𝑥𝑥
Show that 𝑚𝑚 = − (𝑥𝑥 2+2)2.

27 2
10e. [7 marks] Show that the maximum value of 𝑚𝑚 is � .
32 3
11a. [3 marks] Use the binomial theorem to expand (cos𝜃𝜃 + 𝑖𝑖sin𝜃𝜃)4 . Give your
answer in the form 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are expressed in terms
of sin𝜃𝜃 and cos𝜃𝜃.

11b. [5 marks] Use de Moivre’s theorem and the result from part (a) to show
cot4 𝜃𝜃−6cot2𝜃𝜃+1
that cot4𝜃𝜃 = .
4cot3 𝜃𝜃−4cot𝜃𝜃

11c. [5 marks] Use the identity from part (b) to show that the quadratic
𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
equation 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 0 has roots cot 2 and cot 2 .
8 8

3𝜋𝜋
11d. [4 marks] Hence find the exact value of cot 2 .
8

11e. [3 marks] Deduce a quadratic equation with integer coefficients, having

𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
roots 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 and 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 .
8 8
 2𝑥𝑥cos�𝑥𝑥 2�
12. [5 marks] Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of lim � 5tan𝑥𝑥
�.
𝑥𝑥→0
13. [5 marks] Consider quadrilateral 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 where [𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃] is parallel to [𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆].

In 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃, 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑥𝑥, 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 𝑦𝑦, 𝑅𝑅 𝑆𝑆� 𝑃𝑃 = 𝛼𝛼 and 𝑄𝑄 𝑅𝑅

� 𝑆𝑆 = 𝛽𝛽.

Find an expression for 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 in terms of 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, sin𝛽𝛽 and sin(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 ).
14a. [3 marks] The lines 𝑙𝑙1 and 𝑙𝑙2 have the following vector equations where
𝜆𝜆, 𝜇𝜇 ∈ ℝ and 𝑚𝑚 ∈ ℝ.

3 2 −1 2
𝑙𝑙1 : r1 = �−2� + 𝜆𝜆 �1 � 𝑙𝑙2 : r2 = �−4 � + 𝜇𝜇 �−5 �
0 𝑚𝑚 −2𝑚𝑚 −𝑚𝑚

Show that 𝑙𝑙1 and 𝑙𝑙2 are never perpendicular to each other.

14b. [2 marks] The plane 𝛱𝛱 has Cartesian equation 𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑝𝑝 where 𝑝𝑝 ∈ ℝ.

Given that 𝑙𝑙1 and 𝛱𝛱 have no points in common, find the value of 𝑚𝑚.

14c. [2 marks] the condition on the value of 𝑝𝑝.

15. [8 marks] It is given that 2cos𝐴𝐴sin𝐵𝐵 ≡ sin(𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) − sin(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵).

Using mathematical induction and the above identity, prove that

𝑛𝑛 sin2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝛴𝛴 cos(2𝑟𝑟 − 1)𝜃𝜃 = for 𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .
𝑟𝑟=1 2sin𝜃𝜃
16a. [2 marks] Explain why any integer can be written in the form 4𝑘𝑘 or 4𝑘𝑘 + 1
or 4𝑘𝑘 + 2 or 4𝑘𝑘 + 3, where 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℤ.

16b. [6 marks] Hence prove that the square of any integer can be written in the
form 4𝑡𝑡 or 4𝑡𝑡 + 1, where 𝑡𝑡 ∈ ℤ+ .
17a. [2 marks] A set of data comprises of five numbers 𝑥𝑥1  ,  𝑥𝑥2 ,  𝑥𝑥3 ,  𝑥𝑥4 ,  𝑥𝑥5 which
have been placed in ascending order.

𝑛𝑛+1
Recalling definitions, such as the Lower Quartile is the 𝑡𝑡ℎ piece of data with
4

the data placed in order, find an expression for the Interquartile Range.

17b. [5 marks] Hence, show that a data set with only 5 numbers in it cannot have
any outliers.

17c. [2 marks] Give an example of a set of data with 7 numbers in it that does
have an outlier, justify this fact by stating the Interquartile Range.
 1
18. [8 marks] Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = for −1 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1. Use partial fractions to
1−𝑥𝑥 2

find ∫ 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.

 𝑡𝑡 −1
19a. [1 mark] Consider the integral ∫1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 for 𝑡𝑡 > 1.
𝑥𝑥+𝑥𝑥 2

Very briefly, explain why the value of this integral must be negative.

−1
19b. [6 marks] Express the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) = in partial fractions.
𝑥𝑥+𝑥𝑥 2

19c. [4 marks] Use parts (a) and (b) to show that ln(1 + 𝑡𝑡) − ln 𝑡𝑡 < ln 2.
 4𝑥𝑥−5
20a. [6 marks] Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 1,  𝑥𝑥 ≠ 2.
𝑥𝑥 2−3𝑥𝑥+2

Express 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) in partial fractions.

20b. [3 marks] Use part (a) to show that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is always decreasing.

0
20c. [4 marks] Use part (a) to find the exact value of ∫−1 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, giving the
answer in the form ln 𝑞𝑞, 𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℚ.
 2𝑥𝑥+6
21a. [3 marks] Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = ,   𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
𝑥𝑥 2+6𝑥𝑥+10

Show that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) has no vertical asymptotes.

21b. [2 marks] Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

1
21c. [3 marks] Find the exact value of ∫0 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 )  𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, giving the answer in the
form ln 𝑞𝑞,   𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℚ.
 2𝑥𝑥 2 −5𝑥𝑥−12
22a. [4 marks] Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = ,   𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ,   𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2.
𝑥𝑥+2

Find all the intercepts of the graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) with both the 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 axes.

22b. [1 mark] Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

22c. [4 marks] As 𝑥𝑥 → ±∞ the graph of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) approaches an oblique straight line

asymptote. Divide 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 12 by 𝑥𝑥 + 2 to find the equation of this asymptote.
 𝑥𝑥 2−10𝑥𝑥+5
23a. [4 marks] Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = ,   𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ,   𝑥𝑥 ≠ −1.
𝑥𝑥+1

Find the co-ordinates of all stationary points.

23b. [1 mark] Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

23c. [4 marks] With justification, state if each stationary point is a minimum,

maximum or horizontal point of inflection.
IB Official MAA Examples P2

1. [4 marks] A data set consisting of 16 test scores has mean 14.5 . One test
score of 9 requires a second marking and is removed from the data set.

Find the mean of the remaining 15 test scores.

2a. [2 marks] The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3.

Points A, P and B lie on the circumference of the circle. Chord [AB] has length 𝐿𝐿
� B = 𝜃𝜃 radians. Show that arc APB has length 6𝜋𝜋 − 3𝜃𝜃.
and A O

2b. [2 marks] Show that 𝐿𝐿 = √18 − 18cos𝜃𝜃.

2c. [3 marks] Arc APB is twice the length of chord [AB]. Find the value of 𝜃𝜃.
3a. [2 marks] A particle moves in a straight line such that its velocity, 𝑣𝑣𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −1 , at
time 𝑡𝑡 seconds is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 4𝑡𝑡 2 − 6𝑡𝑡 + 9 − 2sin(4𝑡𝑡), 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 1.

The particle’s acceleration is zero at 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇. Find the value of 𝑇𝑇.

3b. [3 marks] Let 𝑠𝑠1 be the distance travelled by the particle from 𝑡𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇
and let 𝑠𝑠2 be the distance travelled by the particle from 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇 to 𝑡𝑡 = 1.

Show that 𝑠𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑠1 .

4a. [2 marks] The following table shows the systolic blood pressures, 𝑝𝑝 mmHg,
and the ages, 𝑡𝑡 years, of 6 male patients at a medical clinic.

Determine the value of Pearson’s product‐moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟𝑟, for

these data.

4b. [1 mark] Interpret, in context, the value of 𝑟𝑟 found in part (a) (i).

4c. [2 marks] The relationship between 𝑡𝑡 and 𝑝𝑝 can be modelled by the

regression line of 𝑝𝑝 on 𝑡𝑡 with equation 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 .

Find the equation of the regression line of 𝑝𝑝 on 𝑡𝑡.

4d. [2 marks] A 50‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his
appointment.

Use the regression equation from part (b) to predict this patient’s systolic
blood pressure.

4e. [1 mark] A 16‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his
appointment.

Explain why the regression equation from part (b) should not be used to predict
this patient’s systolic blood pressure.
5. [5 marks] The quadratic equation (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + (2𝑘𝑘 − 3) = 0, where 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℝ,
has real distinct roots.

Find the range of possible values for 𝑘𝑘.

6a. [3 marks] Consider the curves 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 sin𝑥𝑥 and

𝑦𝑦 = −1 − �1 + 4(𝑥𝑥 + 2)2 for −𝜋𝜋 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0.

Find the 𝑥𝑥-coordinates of the points of intersection of the two curves.

6b. [4 marks] Find the area, 𝐴𝐴, of the region enclosed by the two curves.
7a. [2 marks] Helen and Jane both commence new jobs each starting on an
annual salary of $70,000. At the start of each new year, Helen receives an annual
salary increase of $2400.

Let $𝐻𝐻𝑛𝑛 represent Helen’s annual salary at the start of her 𝑛𝑛th year of
employment.

Show that 𝐻𝐻𝑛𝑛 = 2400𝑛𝑛 + 67600.

7b. [1 mark] At the start of each new year, Jane receives an annual salary
increase of 3% of her previous year’s annual salary.

Jane’s annual salary, $𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 , at the start of her 𝑛𝑛th year of employment is given
by 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 = 70000(1.03)𝑛𝑛−1 .

Given that 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 follows a geometric sequence, state the value of the common ratio,
𝑟𝑟.

7c. [3 marks] At the start of year 𝑁𝑁, Jane’s annual salary exceeds Helen’s annual
salary for the first time.

Find the value of 𝑁𝑁.

7d. [2 marks] For the value of 𝑁𝑁 found in part (c) (i), state Helen’s annual salary
and Jane’s annual salary, correct to the nearest dollar.

7e. [4 marks] Find Jane’s total earnings at the start of her 10th year of
employment. Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar.
8a. [4 marks] The time, 𝑇𝑇 minutes, taken to complete a jigsaw puzzle can be
modelled by a normal distribution with mean 𝜇𝜇 and standard deviation 8.6.

It is found that 30% of times taken to complete the jigsaw puzzle are longer
than 36.8 minutes.

By stating and solving an appropriate equation, show, correct to two decimal

places, that 𝜇𝜇 = 32.29.

8b. [2 marks] Use 𝜇𝜇 = 32.29 in the remainder of the question.

Find the 86th percentile time to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8c. [2 marks] Find the probability that a randomly chosen person will take more
than 30 minutes to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8d. [3 marks] Six randomly chosen people complete the jigsaw puzzle.

Find the probability that at least five of them will take more than 30 minutes
to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8e. [4 marks] Having spent 25 minutes attempting the jigsaw puzzle, a randomly
chosen person had not yet completed the puzzle.

Find the probability that this person will take more than 30 minutes to complete
the jigsaw puzzle.
9a. [1 mark] The temperature 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 of water 𝑡𝑡 minutes after being poured into a cup
can be modelled by 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇0 𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 where 𝑡𝑡 ≥ 0 and 𝑇𝑇0 , 𝑘𝑘 are positive constants.

The water is initially boiling at 100C. When 𝑡𝑡 = 10, the temperature of the water is
70C.

Show that 𝑇𝑇0 = 100.

1 10
9b. [3 marks] Show that 𝑘𝑘 = ln .
10 7

9c. [2 marks] Find the temperature of the water when 𝑡𝑡 = 15.

9d. [4 marks] Sketch the graph of 𝑇𝑇 versus 𝑡𝑡, clearly indicating any asymptotes
with their equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with
the axes.

9e. [4 marks] Find the time taken for the water to have a temperature of 50C.
Give your answer correct to the nearest second.

9f. [3 marks] The model for the temperature of the water can also be expressed
𝑡𝑡
in the form 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇0 𝑎𝑎10 for 𝑡𝑡 ≥ 0 and 𝑎𝑎 is a positive constant.

Find the exact value of 𝑎𝑎.

10a. [2 marks] The points A(5, −2,5), B(5,4, −1), C(−1, −2, −1) and D(7, −4, −3)
are the vertices of a right-pyramid.

→ →
Find the vectors AB and AC.

� C = 60.
10b. [3 marks] Use a vector method to show that B A

10c. [3 marks] Show that the Cartesian equation of the plane 𝛱𝛱 that contains the
triangle ABC is −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −2.

10d. [1 mark] The line 𝐿𝐿 passes through the point D and is perpendicular to 𝛱𝛱.

Find a vector equation of the line 𝐿𝐿.

10e. [4 marks] Hence determine the minimum distance, 𝑑𝑑min , from D to 𝛱𝛱.

10f. [4 marks] Find the volume of right-pyramid ABCD.

11a. [3 marks] Consider the differential equation

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
= 𝑓𝑓 � � , 𝑥𝑥 > 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Use the substitution 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 to show that ∫ = ln𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶 where 𝐶𝐶 is an
𝑓𝑓(𝑣𝑣)−𝑣𝑣

arbitrary constant.

11b. [9 marks] The curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) for 𝑥𝑥 > 0 has a gradient function given by

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 2 +3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+2𝑥𝑥 2
= .
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2

The curve passes through the point (1, −1).

By using the result from part (a) or otherwise, solve the differential equation and
hence show that the curve has equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥(tan(ln𝑥𝑥) − 1).

11c. [6 marks] The curve has a point of inflexion at (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑦𝑦1 ) where
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
e− 2 < 𝑥𝑥1 < e 2 . Determine the coordinates of this point of inflexion.

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 2 +3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+2𝑥𝑥 2
11d. [4 marks] Use the differential equation = to show that the
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2

points of zero gradient on the curve lie on two straight lines of the form

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 where the values of 𝑚𝑚 are to be determined.

 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 2
12a. [3 marks] The curve 𝐶𝐶 has equation e2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑦𝑦. Show that = 2e2𝑦𝑦 −1.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

12b. [4 marks] The tangent to 𝐶𝐶 at the point Ρ is parallel to the 𝑦𝑦-axis.

Find the 𝑥𝑥-coordinate of Ρ.

 2+7𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
13a. [3 marks] Consider the identity (1+2𝑥𝑥)(1−𝑥𝑥) ≡ + , where 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 ∈ ℤ.
1+2𝑥𝑥 1−𝑥𝑥

Find the value of 𝐴𝐴 and the value of 𝐵𝐵.

2+7𝑥𝑥
13b. [4 marks] Hence, expand (1+2𝑥𝑥)(1−𝑥𝑥) in ascending powers of 𝑥𝑥, up to and

including the term in 𝑥𝑥 2 .

13c. [1 mark] Give a reason why the series expansion found in part (b) is not
3
valid for 𝑥𝑥 = .
4
14. [6 marks] Prove by contradiction that log 2 5 is an irrational number.
15a. [1 mark] The principal of a high school is concerned about the effect social
media use might be having on the self-esteem of her students. She decides to
survey a random sample of 9 students to gather some data. She wants the
number of students in each grade in the sample to be, as far as possible, in the
same proportion as the number of students in each grade in the school. State the
name for this type of sampling technique.

15b. [3 marks] The number of students in each grade in the school is shown in
table.

Show that 3 students will be selected from grade 12.

15c. [2 marks] Calculate the number of students in each grade in the sample.

15d. [1 mark] In order to select the 3 students from grade 12, the principal lists
their names in alphabetical order and selects the 28th, 56th and 84th student on
the list. State the name for this type of sampling technique.

15e. [2 marks] Once the principal has obtained the names of the 9 students in
the random sample, she surveys each student to find out how long they used
social media the previous day and measures their self-esteem using the
Rosenberg scale. The Rosenberg scale is a number between 10 and 40, where a
high number represents high self-esteem.

Calculate Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟𝑟.

15f. [1 mark] Interpret the meaning of the value of 𝑟𝑟 in the context of the
principal’s concerns.

15g. [1 mark] Explain why the value of 𝑟𝑟 makes it appropriate to find the equation
of a regression line.

15h. [4 marks] Another student at the school, Jasmine, has a self-esteem value
of 29.

By finding the equation of an appropriate regression line, estimate the time

Jasmine spent on social media the previous day.
16a. [3 marks] Write down and simplify the first three terms, in ascending powers
1
of 𝑥𝑥, in the Extended Binomial expansion of (1 − 𝑥𝑥 )3.

1 3
16b. [3 marks] By substituting 𝑥𝑥 = find a rational approximation to √9.
9
IB Official MAA Examples P2

1. [4 marks] A data set consisting of 16 test scores has mean 14.5 . One test
score of 9 requires a second marking and is removed from the data set.

Find the mean of the remaining 15 test scores.

2a. [2 marks] The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3.

Points A, P and B lie on the circumference of the circle. Chord [AB] has length 𝐿𝐿
� B = 𝜃𝜃 radians. Show that arc APB has length 6𝜋𝜋 − 3𝜃𝜃.
and A O

2b. [2 marks] Show that 𝐿𝐿 = √18 − 18cos𝜃𝜃.

2c. [3 marks] Arc APB is twice the length of chord [AB]. Find the value of 𝜃𝜃.
3a. [2 marks] A particle moves in a straight line such that its velocity, 𝑣𝑣𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −1 , at
time 𝑡𝑡 seconds is given by 𝑣𝑣 = 4𝑡𝑡 2 − 6𝑡𝑡 + 9 − 2sin(4𝑡𝑡), 0 ≤ 𝑡𝑡 ≤ 1.

The particle’s acceleration is zero at 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇. Find the value of 𝑇𝑇.

3b. [3 marks] Let 𝑠𝑠1 be the distance travelled by the particle from 𝑡𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇
and let 𝑠𝑠2 be the distance travelled by the particle from 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇 to 𝑡𝑡 = 1.

Show that 𝑠𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑠1 .

4a. [2 marks] The following table shows the systolic blood pressures, 𝑝𝑝 mmHg,
and the ages, 𝑡𝑡 years, of 6 male patients at a medical clinic.

Determine the value of Pearson’s product‐moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟𝑟, for

these data.

4b. [1 mark] Interpret, in context, the value of 𝑟𝑟 found in part (a) (i).

4c. [2 marks] The relationship between 𝑡𝑡 and 𝑝𝑝 can be modelled by the

regression line of 𝑝𝑝 on 𝑡𝑡 with equation 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 .

Find the equation of the regression line of 𝑝𝑝 on 𝑡𝑡.

4d. [2 marks] A 50‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his
appointment.

Use the regression equation from part (b) to predict this patient’s systolic
blood pressure.

4e. [1 mark] A 16‐year‐old male patient enters the medical clinic for his
appointment.

Explain why the regression equation from part (b) should not be used to predict
this patient’s systolic blood pressure.
5. [5 marks] The quadratic equation (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + (2𝑘𝑘 − 3) = 0, where 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℝ,
has real distinct roots.

Find the range of possible values for 𝑘𝑘.

6a. [3 marks] Consider the curves 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 sin𝑥𝑥 and

𝑦𝑦 = −1 − �1 + 4(𝑥𝑥 + 2)2 for −𝜋𝜋 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0.

Find the 𝑥𝑥-coordinates of the points of intersection of the two curves.

6b. [4 marks] Find the area, 𝐴𝐴, of the region enclosed by the two curves.
7a. [2 marks] Helen and Jane both commence new jobs each starting on an
annual salary of $70,000. At the start of each new year, Helen receives an annual
salary increase of $2400.

Let $𝐻𝐻𝑛𝑛 represent Helen’s annual salary at the start of her 𝑛𝑛th year of
employment.

Show that 𝐻𝐻𝑛𝑛 = 2400𝑛𝑛 + 67600.

7b. [1 mark] At the start of each new year, Jane receives an annual salary
increase of 3% of her previous year’s annual salary.

Jane’s annual salary, $𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 , at the start of her 𝑛𝑛th year of employment is given
by 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 = 70000(1.03)𝑛𝑛−1 .

Given that 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 follows a geometric sequence, state the value of the common ratio,
𝑟𝑟.

7c. [3 marks] At the start of year 𝑁𝑁, Jane’s annual salary exceeds Helen’s annual
salary for the first time.

Find the value of 𝑁𝑁.

7d. [2 marks] For the value of 𝑁𝑁 found in part (c) (i), state Helen’s annual salary
and Jane’s annual salary, correct to the nearest dollar.

7e. [4 marks] Find Jane’s total earnings at the start of her 10th year of
employment. Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar.
8a. [4 marks] The time, 𝑇𝑇 minutes, taken to complete a jigsaw puzzle can be
modelled by a normal distribution with mean 𝜇𝜇 and standard deviation 8.6.

It is found that 30% of times taken to complete the jigsaw puzzle are longer
than 36.8 minutes.

By stating and solving an appropriate equation, show, correct to two decimal

places, that 𝜇𝜇 = 32.29.

8b. [2 marks] Use 𝜇𝜇 = 32.29 in the remainder of the question.

Find the 86th percentile time to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8c. [2 marks] Find the probability that a randomly chosen person will take more
than 30 minutes to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8d. [3 marks] Six randomly chosen people complete the jigsaw puzzle.

Find the probability that at least five of them will take more than 30 minutes
to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

8e. [4 marks] Having spent 25 minutes attempting the jigsaw puzzle, a randomly
chosen person had not yet completed the puzzle.

Find the probability that this person will take more than 30 minutes to complete
the jigsaw puzzle.
9a. [1 mark] The temperature 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 of water 𝑡𝑡 minutes after being poured into a cup
can be modelled by 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇0 𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 where 𝑡𝑡 ≥ 0 and 𝑇𝑇0 , 𝑘𝑘 are positive constants.

The water is initially boiling at 100C. When 𝑡𝑡 = 10, the temperature of the water is
70C.

Show that 𝑇𝑇0 = 100.

1 10
9b. [3 marks] Show that 𝑘𝑘 = ln .
10 7

9c. [2 marks] Find the temperature of the water when 𝑡𝑡 = 15.

9d. [4 marks] Sketch the graph of 𝑇𝑇 versus 𝑡𝑡, clearly indicating any asymptotes
with their equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with
the axes.

9e. [4 marks] Find the time taken for the water to have a temperature of 50C.
Give your answer correct to the nearest second.

9f. [3 marks] The model for the temperature of the water can also be expressed
𝑡𝑡
in the form 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇0 𝑎𝑎10 for 𝑡𝑡 ≥ 0 and 𝑎𝑎 is a positive constant.

Find the exact value of 𝑎𝑎.

10a. [2 marks] The points A(5, −2,5), B(5,4, −1), C(−1, −2, −1) and D(7, −4, −3)
are the vertices of a right-pyramid.

→ →
Find the vectors AB and AC.

� C = 60.
10b. [3 marks] Use a vector method to show that B A

10c. [3 marks] Show that the Cartesian equation of the plane 𝛱𝛱 that contains the
triangle ABC is −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −2.

10d. [1 mark] The line 𝐿𝐿 passes through the point D and is perpendicular to 𝛱𝛱.

Find a vector equation of the line 𝐿𝐿.

10e. [4 marks] Hence determine the minimum distance, 𝑑𝑑min , from D to 𝛱𝛱.

10f. [4 marks] Find the volume of right-pyramid ABCD.

11a. [3 marks] Consider the differential equation

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
= 𝑓𝑓 � � , 𝑥𝑥 > 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Use the substitution 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 to show that ∫ = ln𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶 where 𝐶𝐶 is an
𝑓𝑓(𝑣𝑣)−𝑣𝑣

arbitrary constant.

11b. [9 marks] The curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) for 𝑥𝑥 > 0 has a gradient function given by

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 2 +3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+2𝑥𝑥 2
= .
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2

The curve passes through the point (1, −1).

By using the result from part (a) or otherwise, solve the differential equation and
hence show that the curve has equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥(tan(ln𝑥𝑥) − 1).

11c. [6 marks] The curve has a point of inflexion at (𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑦𝑦1 ) where
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
e− 2 < 𝑥𝑥1 < e 2 . Determine the coordinates of this point of inflexion.

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 2 +3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+2𝑥𝑥 2
11d. [4 marks] Use the differential equation = to show that the
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2

points of zero gradient on the curve lie on two straight lines of the form

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 where the values of 𝑚𝑚 are to be determined.

 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 2
12a. [3 marks] The curve 𝐶𝐶 has equation e2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑦𝑦. Show that = 2e2𝑦𝑦 −1.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

12b. [4 marks] The tangent to 𝐶𝐶 at the point Ρ is parallel to the 𝑦𝑦-axis.

Find the 𝑥𝑥-coordinate of Ρ.

 2+7𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
13a. [3 marks] Consider the identity (1+2𝑥𝑥)(1−𝑥𝑥) ≡ + , where 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 ∈ ℤ.
1+2𝑥𝑥 1−𝑥𝑥

Find the value of 𝐴𝐴 and the value of 𝐵𝐵.

2+7𝑥𝑥
13b. [4 marks] Hence, expand (1+2𝑥𝑥)(1−𝑥𝑥) in ascending powers of 𝑥𝑥, up to and

including the term in 𝑥𝑥 2 .

13c. [1 mark] Give a reason why the series expansion found in part (b) is not
3
valid for 𝑥𝑥 = .
4
14. [6 marks] Prove by contradiction that log 2 5 is an irrational number.
15a. [1 mark] The principal of a high school is concerned about the effect social
media use might be having on the self-esteem of her students. She decides to
survey a random sample of 9 students to gather some data. She wants the
number of students in each grade in the sample to be, as far as possible, in the
same proportion as the number of students in each grade in the school. State the
name for this type of sampling technique.

15b. [3 marks] The number of students in each grade in the school is shown in
table.

Show that 3 students will be selected from grade 12.

15c. [2 marks] Calculate the number of students in each grade in the sample.

15d. [1 mark] In order to select the 3 students from grade 12, the principal lists
their names in alphabetical order and selects the 28th, 56th and 84th student on
the list. State the name for this type of sampling technique.

15e. [2 marks] Once the principal has obtained the names of the 9 students in
the random sample, she surveys each student to find out how long they used
social media the previous day and measures their self-esteem using the
Rosenberg scale. The Rosenberg scale is a number between 10 and 40, where a
high number represents high self-esteem.

Calculate Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, 𝑟𝑟.

15f. [1 mark] Interpret the meaning of the value of 𝑟𝑟 in the context of the
principal’s concerns.

15g. [1 mark] Explain why the value of 𝑟𝑟 makes it appropriate to find the equation
of a regression line.

15h. [4 marks] Another student at the school, Jasmine, has a self-esteem value
of 29.

By finding the equation of an appropriate regression line, estimate the time

Jasmine spent on social media the previous day.
16a. [3 marks] Write down and simplify the first three terms, in ascending powers
1
of 𝑥𝑥, in the Extended Binomial expansion of (1 − 𝑥𝑥 )3.

1 3
16b. [3 marks] By substituting 𝑥𝑥 = find a rational approximation to √9.
9
IB Official MAA Examples P3

1a. [2 marks] This question will investigate power series, as an extension to the
Binomial Theorem for negative and fractional indices.

A power series in 𝑥𝑥 is defined as a function of the form

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑎3 𝑥𝑥 3 +. .. where the 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖 ∈ ℝ.

It can be considered as an infinite polynomial.

Expand (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )5 using the Binomial Theorem.

1b. [4 marks] This is an example of a power series, but is only a finite power
series, since only a finite number of the 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖 are non-zero.

Consider the power series 1 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 4 −. ..

By considering the ratio of consecutive terms, explain why this series is equal
to (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )−1 and state the values of 𝑥𝑥 for which this equality is true.

1c. [2 marks] Differentiate the equation obtained part (b) and hence, find the first
four terms in a power series for (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )−2 .

1d. [2 marks] Repeat this process to find the first four terms in a power series for
(1 + 𝑥𝑥 )−3 .

1e. [3 marks] Hence, by recognising the pattern, deduce the first four terms in a
power series for (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )−𝑛𝑛 , 𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .

1f. [1 mark] We will now attempt to generalise further.

Suppose (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )𝑞𝑞 ,   𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℚ can be written as the power series

𝑎𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑎3 𝑥𝑥 3 +. ...

By substituting 𝑥𝑥 = 0, find the value of 𝑎𝑎0 .

1g. [2 marks] By differentiating both sides of the expression and then substituting
𝑥𝑥 = 0, find the value of 𝑎𝑎1 .

1h. [4 marks] Repeat this procedure to find 𝑎𝑎2 and 𝑎𝑎3 .

1i. [1 mark] Hence, write down the first four terms in what is called the Extended
Binomial Theorem for (1 + 𝑥𝑥 )𝑞𝑞 ,   𝑞𝑞 ∈ ℚ.

1
1j. [2 marks] Write down the power series for .
1+𝑥𝑥 2

1k. [4 marks] Hence, using integration, find the power series for arctan 𝑥𝑥, giving
the first four non-zero terms.
2a. [5 marks] This question will explore connections between complex numbers
and regular polygons.

The diagram below shows a sector of a circle of radius 1, with the angle
𝜋𝜋
subtended at the centre 𝑂𝑂 being 𝛼𝛼,   0 < 𝛼𝛼 < . A perpendicular is drawn from
2

point 𝑃𝑃 to intersect the 𝑥𝑥-axis at 𝑄𝑄. The tangent to the circle at 𝑃𝑃 intersects the

𝑥𝑥-axis at 𝑅𝑅.

By considering the area of two triangles and the area of the sector show that
sin 𝛼𝛼
cos 𝛼𝛼 sin 𝛼𝛼 < 𝛼𝛼 < .
cos 𝛼𝛼

𝛼𝛼
2b. [2 marks] Hence show that lim sin 𝛼𝛼 = 1.
𝛼𝛼→0

2c. [8 marks] Let 𝑧𝑧 𝑛𝑛 = 1,   𝑧𝑧 ∈ ℂ,   𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℕ,   𝑛𝑛 ≥ 5. Working in modulus/argument

form find the 𝑛𝑛 solutions to this equation.

2d. [1 mark] Represent these 𝑛𝑛 solutions on an Argand diagram. Let their

positions be denoted by 𝑃𝑃0 ,  𝑃𝑃1 ,  𝑃𝑃2 , … 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛−1 placed in order in an anticlockwise
direction round the circle, starting on the positive 𝑥𝑥-axis. Show the positions
of 𝑃𝑃0 ,  𝑃𝑃1 ,  𝑃𝑃2 and 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛−1 .

𝜋𝜋
2e. [4 marks] Show that the length of the line segment 𝑃𝑃0 𝑃𝑃1 is 2 sin .
𝑛𝑛

2f. [1 mark] Hence, write down the total length of the perimeter of the regular
𝑛𝑛 sided polygon 𝑃𝑃0 𝑃𝑃1 𝑃𝑃2 … 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛−1 𝑃𝑃0 .
2g. [2 marks] Using part (b) find the limit of this perimeter as 𝑛𝑛 → ∞.

2h. [3 marks] Find the total area of this 𝑛𝑛 sided polygon.

2i. [2 marks] Using part (b) find the limit of this area as 𝑛𝑛 → ∞.
3a. [6 marks] This question will investigate methods for finding definite integrals
of powers of trigonometrical functions.
𝜋𝜋
Let 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = ∫02 sin𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑,   𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

Find the exact values of 𝐼𝐼0 , 𝐼𝐼1 and 𝐼𝐼2 .

𝑛𝑛−1
3b. [5 marks] Use integration by parts to show that 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−2 ,   𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2.
𝑛𝑛

3c. [1 mark] Explain where the condition 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2 was used in your proof.

3d. [2 marks] Hence, find the exact values of 𝐼𝐼3 and 𝐼𝐼4 .
𝜋𝜋
3e. [4 marks] Let 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 = ∫02 cos𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑,   𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

𝜋𝜋
Use the substitution 𝑥𝑥 = − 𝑢𝑢 to show that 𝐽𝐽𝑛𝑛 = 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 .
2

3f. [2 marks] Hence, find the exact values of 𝐽𝐽5 and 𝐽𝐽6
𝜋𝜋
3g. [3 marks] Let 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = ∫04 tan𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑,   𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

Find the exact values of 𝑇𝑇0 and 𝑇𝑇1 .

3h. [3 marks] Use the fact that tan2 𝑥𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥𝑥 − 1 to show that

1
𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = − 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛−2 ,   𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2.
𝑛𝑛−1

3i. [1 mark] Explain where the condition 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2 was used in your proof.

3j. [2 marks] Hence, find the exact values of 𝑇𝑇2 and 𝑇𝑇3 .
4a. [5 marks] This question investigates some applications of differential
equations to modeling population growth.

One model for population growth is to assume that the rate of change of the
d𝑃𝑃
population is proportional to the population, i.e. = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, where 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℝ, 𝑡𝑡 is the
d𝑡𝑡

time (in years) and 𝑃𝑃 is the population Show that the general solution of this
differential equation is 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐴𝐴e𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 , where 𝐴𝐴 ∈ ℝ.

4b. [2 marks] The initial population is 1000. Given that 𝑘𝑘 = 0.003, use your
answer from part (a) to find the population after 10 years

4c. [2 marks] the number of years it will take for the population to triple.

4d. [1 mark] lim 𝑃𝑃

𝑡𝑡→∞

4e. [5 marks] Consider now the situation when 𝑘𝑘 is not a constant, but a function
of time. Given that 𝑘𝑘 = 0.003 + 0.002𝑡𝑡, find the solution of the differential
equation, giving your answer in the form 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑓𝑓 (𝑡𝑡).

4f. [4 marks] the number of years it will take for the population to triple.

4g. [2 marks] Another model for population growth assumes

• there is a maximum value for the population, 𝐿𝐿.

𝑃𝑃
• that 𝑘𝑘 is not a constant, but is proportional to �1 − �.
𝐿𝐿

d𝑃𝑃 𝑚𝑚
Show that = 𝑃𝑃 (𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝑃), where 𝑚𝑚 ∈ ℝ.
d𝑡𝑡 𝐿𝐿

d𝑃𝑃 𝑚𝑚
4h. [10 marks] Solve the differential equation = 𝑃𝑃 (𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝑃), giving your answer
d𝑡𝑡 𝐿𝐿

in the form 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑔𝑔(𝑡𝑡).

4i. [4 marks] Given that the initial population is 1000, 𝐿𝐿 = 10000 and 𝑚𝑚 = 0.003,
find the number of years it will take for the population to triple.
5a. [1 mark] This question investigates the sum of sine and cosine functions

Sketch the graph 𝑦𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥𝑥, for −2𝜋𝜋 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋𝜋

5b. [1 mark] Write down the amplitude of this graph

5c. [1 mark] Write down the period of this graph

5d. [1 mark] The expression 3 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥𝑥 can be written in the

form 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶) + 𝐷𝐷, where 𝐴𝐴,   𝐵𝐵 ∈ ℝ+ and 𝐶𝐶,   𝐷𝐷 ∈ ℝ and −𝜋𝜋 < 𝐶𝐶 ≤ 𝜋𝜋.

Use your answers from part (a) to write down the value of 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐷𝐷.

5e. [2 marks] Find the value of 𝐶𝐶.

3
5f. [1 mark] Find arctan , giving the answer to 3 significant figures.
4

5g. [1 mark] Comment on your answer to part (c)(i).

5h. [5 marks] The expression 5 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 12 cos 𝑥𝑥 can be written in the

form 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶) + 𝐷𝐷, where 𝐴𝐴,   𝐵𝐵 ∈ ℝ+ and 𝐶𝐶,   𝐷𝐷 ∈ ℝ and −𝜋𝜋 < 𝐶𝐶 ≤ 𝜋𝜋.

By considering the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 5 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 12 cos 𝑥𝑥, find the value of 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, 𝐶𝐶 and 𝐷𝐷.

5i. [1 mark] In general, the expression 𝑎𝑎 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏 cos 𝑥𝑥 can be written in the
form 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶) + 𝐷𝐷, where 𝑎𝑎,   𝑏𝑏,   𝐴𝐴,   𝐵𝐵 ∈ ℝ+ and 𝐶𝐶,   𝐷𝐷 ∈ ℝ and −𝜋𝜋 < 𝐶𝐶 ≤ 𝜋𝜋.

Conjecture an expression, in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏, for 𝐴𝐴.

5j. [1 mark] Conjecture an expression, in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏, for 𝐵𝐵.

5k. [1 mark] Conjecture an expression, in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏, for 𝐶𝐶.

5l. [1 mark] Conjecture an expression, in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏, for 𝐷𝐷.

5m. [2 marks] The expression 𝑎𝑎 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏 cos 𝑥𝑥 can also be written in the
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
form √𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏2 �√𝑎𝑎2 sin 𝑥𝑥 + √𝑎𝑎2 cos 𝑥𝑥�.
+𝑏𝑏2 +𝑏𝑏2
 𝑎𝑎
Let √𝑎𝑎2 = sin 𝜃𝜃
+𝑏𝑏2

𝑏𝑏
Show that √𝑎𝑎2 = cos 𝜃𝜃.
+𝑏𝑏2

𝑎𝑎
5n. [1 mark] Show that = tan 𝜃𝜃.
𝑏𝑏

5o. [6 marks] Hence prove your conjectures in part (e).