Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Normal Random Variable
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Normal Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

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Statistis and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Normal Random Variable
Introductory Message
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability - Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Normal Random Variable!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes a summary of what you learned

from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into
real-life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends the retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the concept of Normal Random Variable. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics
(M11/12 SP-IIIc-1); and

2. identify regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard

normal values (M11/12 SP-IIIc-3).

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 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a distribution in which the sets of data are clustered at the center
and it formed like a bell-shaped curve.
a. Discrete Distribution
b. Probability Distribution
c. Continuous Distribution
d. Normal Random Distribution

2. Which of the following is TRUE about normal curve distribution?

a. Mean = Median = Mode
b. Mean > Median > Mode
c. Mean < Median < Mode
d. Mean ≠ Median ≠ Mode

3. What is the sum of the area under the normal curve?

a. 1
b. 0.997
c. 0.95
d. 0.68

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal curve

distribution?
a. The curve symmetrical about the mean
b. The mean, median, and mode are not equal.
c. The curve extends indefinitely to both sides.
d. The total area under the normal curve is 100%.

5. Suppose that the mean is 40 and the standard deviation is 3. What is

the percentage of 40 and above?
a. 50%
b. 68%
c. 95%
d. 99.7%

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 Lesson

1 Random Normal Variable

In this lesson, we will discuss another type of distribution in which the data
set is clustered in the center of the distribution. The use of a distribution curve or
bell shape to determine the range of probabilities that a random variable may fall.

What’s In

To understand the concept of random normal variables let us recall some

important concepts in the previous lesson that already discussed.

You already learned how to compute and analyze discrete and continuous
variables and other probability distributions.

Now, let us work out the problem below.

Notes to the Teacher

This module is intended for the learners to work
independently. It will provide learners with the opportunities to
develop the necessary skills to master the competencies. The
learners will use a separate sheet of paper for their answers in
every activity.

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 Construct a probability histogram of the given distribution below and answer
the questions that follow.

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

1. What value of x has the highest probability?

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2. What is the range of x that has a probability above ?
36
3. What is the sum of the probabilities from 2 to 12?
4. What is the shape of the graph of the distribution?

What’s New

The Normal Distribution

Most of the distributions follow a certain curve. A bell-shaped curve
commonly illustrates that the given set of data is in normal distribution where the
mean, median, and mode are equal.

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒

Characteristics of a Normal Curve

1. The curve is bell-shaped and has the highest peak at the center of
the distribution.
2. The mean, median, and mode are equal and clustered at the
middle of the distribution.

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 3. It is symmetrical about the mean that divides the curve into two
equal regions.
4. The curve is continuous on both sides and it does not touch the
horizontal axis.
5. The total area under the normal curve is 1 or 100%.

Area Under the Normal Curve

For a normal curve distribution, the use of the Empirical rule is the
easiest way to determine the percentage of the region under the normal curve.

68%
95%
99.7%
➢ Approximately 68% of the data values within 1 standard
deviation about the mean
➢ Approximately 95% of the data values within 2 standard
deviations about the mean
➢ Approximately 99.7% of the data within 3 standard deviations
about the mean

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 What is It

Let us try some problems involving normal curve distribution.

Example 1. Find the area under a normal curve with mean 𝜇 = 50 and
standard deviation 𝜎 = 5.

a. between 40 and 55 or 40 < x < 55

b. between 55 and 65 or 55 < x < 65
c. below 45 or x < 45
d. above 35 or x > 35
e. below 55 or x < 55

Solutions:
To determine the area, we need to illustrate the normal curve using
the given mean and standard deviation. We will draw a normal curve and
determine the values on the horizontal axis.

𝜇 = 50 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 5

𝝁+𝝈 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈
𝜇 + 𝜎 = 50 + 5 𝜇 + 2𝜎 = 50 + (2)5 𝜇 + 3𝜎 = 50 + (3)5

𝝁 + 𝝈 = 𝟓𝟓 𝜇 + 2𝜎 = 50 + 10 𝜇 + 3𝜎 = 50 + 15

𝝁−𝝈 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈 = 𝟔𝟎 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈 = 𝟔𝟓

𝜇 − 𝜎 = 50 − 5 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈

𝝁 − 𝝈 = 𝟒𝟓 𝜇 − 2𝜎 = 50 − (2)5 𝜇 − 3𝜎 = 50 − (3)5
𝜇 − 2𝜎 = 50 − 10 𝜇 − 3𝜎 = 50 − 15
𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 = 𝟒𝟎 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 = 𝟑𝟓

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a. Between 40 and 55 (40 < x < 55)
13.5% + 34% + 34% = 81.5%

Therefore, the area under the normal curve between 40 and 55 is

81.5% or 0.815.

b. Between 55 and 65 (55 < x < 65)

13.5% + 2.35% = 15.85%

Therefore, the area under the normal curve between 55 and 65 is

15.85% or 0.1585.

c. 45 below (x < 45)

0.15% + 2.35% + 13.5% = 16%

Therefore, the area under the normal curve 45 below is 16% or

0.0016

d. 35 above (x > 35)

2.35% + 13.5% + 34% + 34% + 13.5% + 2.35% + 0.15% =
99.85%

Therefore, the area under the normal curve 35 above is 99.85% or

0.9985.

e. 55 below (x < 55)

0.15% + 2.35% + 13.5% + 34% + 34% = 84%

Therefore, the area under the normal curve 55 below is 84% or

0.84.

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Example 2. The lifespan of Battery X is normally distributed with mean 𝜇 =
400 hours and standard deviation of 𝜎 = 80 hours. What is the probability
that a battery selected will last from 320 to 560 hours?

Solution:

From 320 to 560, then

34% + 34% +13.5% = 81.5%
Therefore, the probability that a battery selected will last from 320 to 560
hours is 81.5%.

Example 3. In Matina Aplaya, it was observed that the incubation period of

sea turtles is normally distributed with a mean of 60 days and a standard
deviation of approximately 2 days. If 500 eggs are being incubated, how many
turtles do we expect will hatch
a. in 56 to 60 days?
b. in 58 to 62 days?
c. in 60 days or fewer?
d. in 58 to 66 days?
(Assume all eggs eventually hatch)
Solutions:
a. In 56 to 60 days.
13.5% + 34% = 47.5%

47.5% of 500 eggs will hatch, then

500 (0.475) = 237.5 or approximately 238 eggs will hatch.

b. In 58 to 62 days.
34% + 34% = 68%

68% of 500 eggs will hatch, then

500(0.68) = 340 eggs will hatch.

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 c. In 60 days or fewer.
0.15% + 2.35% + 13.5% + 34% = 50%

50% OF 500 eggs will hatch, then

500(0.50) = 250 eggs will hatch.

d. In 58 to 66 days.
34% + 34% + 13.5% + 2.35% = 83.85%

83.85% of 500 eggs will hatch.

500(0.8385) = 419.25 or approximately 419 eggs will hatch.

What’s More

Find the area under a normal curve with mean 𝜇 = 100 and standard
deviation 𝜎 = 15.
1. between 70 and 115 6. x <130
2. 100 below 7. x <85
3. 85 above 8. x >130
4. between 85 and 145 9. x > 70
5. between 115 and 130 10. 55 < x < 85

What I Have Learned

I learned that…
➢ A bell-shaped curve illustrates a normal distribution.
➢ The characteristics of a normal curve are the following:
✓ The curve is bell-shaped and has the highest peak at the
center of the distribution.
✓ The mean, median, and mode are equal and clustered at the
middle of the distribution.
✓ It is symmetrical about the mean that divides the curve into
two equal regions.
✓ The curve is continuous on both sides and it does not touch
the horizontal axis.
✓ The total area under the normal curve is 1 or 100%.

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 ➢ The region under the normal curve distribution.
✓ Approximately 68% of the data values within 1 standard
deviation about the mean.
✓ Approximately 95% of the data values within 2 standard
deviations about the mean.
✓ Approximately 99.7% of the data within 3 standard deviations
about the mean.

What I Can Do

Solve each problem.

1. Your monthly electric bill has a mean of ₱1,500.00 and a standard
deviation of ₱120.00. What is the percentage that you will pay an
amount between ₱1,380 and ₱1,740?

2. Suppose the scores in the Mathematics exam are normally distributed.

If the exam has a mean score of 25 and a standard deviation of 5, what
is the probability that if you take the exam you will get a score higher
than 30 points?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the shape of a normal curve distribution?
a. Circle
b. Square
c. Rectangle
d. Bell-shaped

2. What is the total area under the normal curve?

a. 1
b. 0.997
c. 0.95
d. 0.68

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 3. What is the area that falls within 2 standard deviations from the mean?
a. 1
b. 0.997
c. 0.95
d. 0.68

4. Which of the following is TRUE about the characteristics of a normal

curve distribution?
a. The curve divides into 4 regions.
b. The curve is asymmetrical about the mean.
c. The curve extends indefinitely to the right side only.
d. The total area under the normal curve is 100%.

5. Suppose that the mean is 40 and the standard deviation is 3. Which of

the following statement is correct?
a. About 68% of the area under the normal curve is within 34 and
43.
b. About 95% of the area under the normal curve is within 34 and
46.
c. About 99.7% of the area under the normal curve is within 31 and
46.
d. About 100% of the area under the normal curve is within 31 and
49.

Additional Activities

Solve and answer.

The incubation time for Rhode Island Red chicks is normally distributed
with a mean of 21 days and a standard deviation of approximately 1 day
(based on information from World Book Encyclopedia). If 1000 eggs are being
incubated, how many chicks do we expect will hatch:
1. in 20 to 23 days?
2. In 19 to 24 days?
3. In 20 days or fewer?
4. In more than 20 days?
5. In less than 20 days and more than 23 days?
(Assume all eggs eventually hatch)

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 15
Additional Activities Assessment What I Can Do
1. 815 chicks 1. D 1. 81.5%
2. 974 chicks 2. A 2. 16%
3. 160 chicks 3. C
4. 840 chicks 4. D
5. 185 chicks 5. B
What’s More What’s In What I Know
1. 81.50% 1. x=7 1. D
2. 50% 2. 5≤x≤9 2. A
3. 84% 3. 1 3. A
4. 83.85% 4. Bell-shaped 4. B
5. 16% 5. A
6. 97.5%
7. 16%
8. 2.5%
9. 97.5%
10. 15.85%
Answer Key
References

Danilo De Guzman, Statistics and Probability Quezon City: C & E Publishing,

Inc., 2017

Merle S. Alferez and Ma. Cecilia A. Duro, MSA Statistics and Probability
Quezon City: MSA Publishing House, Inc., 2008.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax:

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph