3, Acids, Bases and Salts

IMPORTANT POINTS
1. Acid: A compound which on dissolving in water furnishes proton [hydrogen ion (H')] as
the
only positively charged ion is called an acid.
Or

A compound which on dissolving in water furnishes hydronium ion as only positively charped
d
ion is called an acid.
2. Organic acid: An acid derived from an animal or vegetable origin is called organic acid,e.o
formic acid; acetic acid; citric acid; tartaric acid, etc.
3. Mineral acid: An acid derived from minerals is HCI, H,SO4, HNO,
called mineral acid, e.g.,
HBr, etc.
4. of be
Basicity acid: The number
an
of hydrogen ions [H* (aq)], which
molecule of an acid on complete ionisation is called basicity of the acid.
can produced by one

5.
Monobasic acid When : molecule ofone
ion [H" (aq)] then the acid is said to be
an acid on complete ionisation produces
monobasic, e.g.. HC1; HNO3, HBr, HI, HCOOH
one
hydrogen
CH,COOH.
6. Dibasic acid When one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation
produces two hydrogen ions
[H(aq)] then the acid is said to be dibasic, e.g., : HSO4, H2SO3, H2C03, (COOH)2, HS.
7. Tribasic acid : When one molecule of an acid on complete ionisation
produces three hydrogen
ions [H (aq)], then the acid is said to be tribasic, e.g.,
: H3PO4, H3PO3.
8. Strength of an acid : The degree of dissociation of an acid in aqueous solution is called strength
of an acid.
No. of acid molecules ionised
Degree of dissociation =

x100.
No. of molecules of acid in solution
9. Strong acids : The acids which undergo almost complete ionisation (more than 30%) in an
aqueous solution, thereby producing high concentration of H* (aq) ions, are called strong acids,
e.g., HNO3, HCI and H2SO4.
10. Weak acids The acids which undergo partial dissociation in an
aqueous solution (less than 30%),
thereby producing low concentration of H* (aq) ions, are called weak acids. e.g., HC03, H2S03.
H2S, HI, HCN, CH,C0OH, HCOOH.
11. Concentration of an acid It is the measure of the amount of water present in an acid.
12.Concentrated acid : An acid which contains very little or no water is
called concentrated ac
13. Dilute acid. : An acid which contains
large amount of water is called dilute acid. Generaly
speaking, if concentration of an acid isI mole/litre of water or less, it is called dilute acid.
14. Hydracid : An acid which contains hydrogen and a non-metallic element, other than
called hydracid. eg., : HCl; HBr; HI; HF; HCN; oxygen
HS.
15. Oxyacid : An acid which contains oxygen, along with hydrogen and one more allic
element is called an oxyacid. e.g., : HNO3, HNO2, non-meta
H,SO4, H2SO3, HPO4, HaPO3, H2CO3
16. Volatile acid: An acid which easily changes into its vapours below 100 °C is
called volatile ac
 17. Methods of preparation of Acids:
(a) By synthesis or direct combination
H2+ Cl, Sunlight 2HCI
(b) By action of non-metallic oxides on water
H20+SO H,SOO
(C) By displacement of more a volatile acid by a less volatilc acid from a salt:
2NaCl+ H2SO4 (cone.) Heat(conc.)
Na,SO4 + 2HCI
(d) By the oxidation of non-metals:
S+ 6HNO HSO4 + 2H,0 + 6NO2
18. Physical properties of Acids
1. Acids have a sharp sour taste in
aqueous solution.
an

2. Acids turn blue litmus red, methyl orange solution pink and phenolphthalein solution
colourless.
3. Strong acids have corrosive action on the skin.
19. Chemical properties of Acids :
1. Acids react with oxides and hydroxides of metals to form salt and water only.
CuO +HsO4 CusO4 + H2O
2NaOH + H,SO4 NaSO4 + 2H,0
2. Acids react with metallic carbonates to form salt, carbon dioxide and water.
CaCO3 +2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H20
3. Acids react with metallic sulphites to form salt, sulphur dioxide and water.
NaSO3 + 2HCI 2NaCI + SO2 + H20
4. Acids react with activemetals to form salt and hydrogen.
Zn + dil. H,S04 ZnSO4 + H2
20. Base : A compound which reacts with H" (aq) ions of an acid to form salt and water as the only
products is called a base.
21. Alkali: An alkali is a compound which on dissolving in water furnishes OH ions as only negative
ions.
22. Acidity of a base : The number of H" (aq) ions of an acid, which will react completely with one
molecule of a base, to form salt and water as the only products is called acidity of a base.
23. Monoacidic base : When one H (aq) ion of an acid, reacts completely with one molecule of a
base, to form salt and water as the only products, then the base is said to be monoacidic, e.g.,
NaOH; KOH; NH4OH.
24. Diacidic base : When two H (aq) ions of an acid, react completely with one molecule of a base,
to form salt and water as the only products, then the base is said to be diacidic, e.g., Ca(OH)2,
Zn(OH)2, Fe(OH)2.
25. Triacidic base : When three H (aq) ions of an acid, react completely with one molecule of a base,
to form salt and water as the only products, then the base is said to be triacidic, e.g., Al(OH)3.
Fe(OH)3, Cr(OH)3.
26. Strong base: A base which almost completely dissociates in water, to produce high concentration
of hydroxyl ions (OH) is called a strong base, eg, : NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Ba (OH)%.
27. Weak base : A base, which undergoes partial dissociation in water, and produces low concentration
of hydroxyl ions, is called a weak base. eg., : NH,OH, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
28. General methods for the preparation of bases
1. By the action of oxygen on metals: 2Mg + O2 2MgO
 the action of water or steam on active mctals
2. By
2Na 211,0 2NaOI H2
3. By the action of water on soluble metallic oxides
C'aO +H,0 (Ca(OH);
4. By dissolving ammona gas in water:

NH+ H0 NH,OH
alkali solution:
S. By treating soluble salts of metals with caustic
AlCl + 3NaOH Al(OH), + 3NaCl
6. By the action of heat on metallic carbonates
CaCO heat CaO +CO
7. By the action of heat on metallic nitrates
2Pb(NO)>C 2PbO +4NO2 + O2

29. General properties of soluble alkalis:

1. Alkalis have a bitter taste and a soapy touch.
2. Alkalis turn (i) red litmus solution blue (i) methyl orange solution colourless (1) phenol.
phthalein solution pink (iv) turmeric solution brown.
3. Alkalis react with acid to form salt and water as the only products.
NH4OH + HCI NHCI + H20
4. Alkalis reacts with ammonium salts to liberate ammonia gas.
2NH,C1+ Ca(OH) >CaCl2 +2NH3 +2H20
5. Alkalis react with carbon dioxide to form carbonates.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3+H0
6. Alkalis react with soluble salts of metals (except sodium and potassium salts), to form their
insoluble hydroxides.

CuClh+2NaOH» Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl

30. Neutralisation : The chemical reaction in which hydronium ions (H,0*) derived from an acid
and hydroxyl ions (OH) derived from a base, combine to form unionised water molecules, is
called neutralisation.
31. Salt: An ionic compound, containing a positive ion other than hydrogen ion and negative ion
other than hydroxyl ion, is called a salt.
32. Normal salt: A salt formed by the
complete replacement of replaceable hydrogen ions
acid, by a basic radical is called a normal salt, e.g, : NazSO4, KCI, KNO3, etc.
of an
33. Acid salt: A salt formed by the partial replacement of
replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid, by
a basic radical is called an acid
salt, e.g., : KHSO4, NaHSO3, Ca(HSO4)2, etc.
34. Basic salt: A salt formed by the incomplete neutralisation of a base with an acid is called a basie
salt, e.g.,: Cu(OH) CI.
35. Double salt: A salt produced by the crystallisation of two
simple salts from a mixture of thel
saturated solution is called a double salt, e.g., K2S04. Al2 (S04)3 . 24H,0 (Potash Alum), CaCdz*
MgCO (Dolomite).
36. Mixed salt: Asalt which contains two or
more acidic or basic radicals (except Ht (ag) and OH
is called a mixed salt, e.g., : NaKSO4, NazKPO4.
37. Complex salt: A double salt which on dissolving in water furnishes one simple and complex 101
is called complex salt, e.g., NaAg (CN)2, K3Fe(CN)6.
38. Hydrolysis: The phenomenon due to which a salt ofstrong acid and weak alkali or a salt of
Weak acid and strong alkali, on dissolving in water reacts with it to form a parent alkali, so that
the whole solution is cither acidie or alkaline is called hydrolysis.
For example,
(NH)SO4 + 2H,0 2NH OH +H2SO4
Weak alkali Strong acid

Na,CO+ 2H,0 2NaOH + HC0

Strong alkali Weak alkali acid

39. Anhydrous salt: A salt which does not contain any water of crystallisation is called an anhydrous
salt. For example, NaCI, NaNO3, Pb(NO3)2
40. Hydrated salt: A salt which contains a definite number of molecules of water attached loosely
to its one molecule is called a hydrated salt.
Examples : (i) CuSO4.5H,0 (i) Na,CO3.10H,0
41. Water of crystallisation : The number of water molecules which are loosely attached to one
molecule of a salt is called water of crystallisation.
42. Deliquescent substances: The water soluble substances which absorb moisture from the air
and then dissolve in it, so as to fornm a liquid are called deliquescent substances, whereas the
phenomenon is called deliquescence.
Examples: (i) Anhydrous CaCl2
(ii) Anhydrous FeCl3
43. Hygroscopic substances: The substances which absorb moisture from the airbut do not change
their state are called hygroscopic substances.

Examples: (1) Quicklime (2) conc. sulphuric acid.

44. Efforescent substances The hydrated crystalline salts which partly or wholly lose their water
of crystallisation on exposure to air are called effiorescent substances and phenomenon is called
efflorescence.
Examples: (1) Na2C03.10H,0 (2) CuSO4.5H,0.
45. Amphoteric nature of some metals or their oxides
When metals such as aluminium or zinc or their oxides, reacts with acids as well as alkalis to form
salt and water or hydrogen as the products, the metals or their oxides are said to be amphoteric
in nature.

-SECTIONI=

Choose the correct answer from the given options.

1. A chloride which forms a bluish white precipitate that is soluble in excess of ammonium
hydroxide, is:
(A) Calcium chloride (B) Ferrous chloride
(C) Ferric chloride (D) Copper chloride
2. Which is an acid salt?
(A) Na2CO3 (B) KS04 (C) NaHCO3 (D) MgCl2
3. Which is a hygroscopic substance?
acid (B) Calcium oxide
(A) conc sulphuric
(C) phosphorus penta-oxide (D) all of these
 4. The degrec of ionisation of an acid is called
(A) strength of an acid (B) concentration of an acid
(C) combining capacity of an acid (D) both (A) and (B)
5. Which one is a double salt?
(A) K,SOa Al(SO,)% 24H,0 (B) Naf Ag(CN);1
(C) CaOC1 (D) NaKSO,
6. The method used for the
preparation of copper (11) chloride is:
(A) precipitation (B) neutralization of an-acid with alkali
(C) action of acid on the carbonate of metal (D) direct combination
7. The method used for the
preparation of iron (11) chloride is:
(A) action of acid on metal
(B) precipitation
C) neutralization of an acid with alkali
(D) direct combination
8. The method for the
preparation of Iron (111) chloride is:
(A) action of acid on metal (B) direct combination
(C) precipitation
(D) neutralization of acid with alkali
9. The method for the
preparation of lead (1I) chloride is:
(A) action of acid on metal
(B) direct combination
(C) precipitation (D) action of acid on the carbonate of metal
10. The method for the
preparation of sodium chloride is:
(A) neutralisation of an acid with alkali
(B) precipitation
(C) direct combination
(D) action of acid on metal
11. The property of salts, giving up water of crystallization to the
(A) Deliquescences(B) Hygroscopic atmosphere is
(C) Efflorescence
(D) None of these
12. The property of salts of
absorbing moisture from and then changing to liquid state is:
(A) Deliquescences (B) Hygroscopic (C) Efflorescence (D) None of these
13. The property of salts of
absorbing moisture from air, but do not
change into
(A) Deliquescences (B) Hygroscopic state liquid is:
(C) Efflorescences (D) None of these
14. A fused salt or a salt solution which
conducts electricity and at the
elements is called: same time decomposes into
(A) saturated solution
(C) acidic solution
(B) electrolyte
(D) alkaline solution
15. A salt which is
amphoteric in nature is:
(A) ZnO (B) CuO (C) Fe203 (D) CaO
16. Which one is normal salt?
(A) Cu(NO3)2 (B) Mg(HCO;)2 (C) Cu(OH)CI (D) (NH)yHPO4
17. Which one is water soluble oxide?
(A) Al0 (B) NazO C) PbO
18. Which of the (D) CuO
following is ä
chloride, soluble in hot water but
(A) Silver chloride insoluble in cold water?
(B) Zine chloride
(C) Lead chloride
(D) Barium chloride
19. Which of the
following forms acidic solution in water?
(A) CuSOD4 (B) ZnSO4 C) KSOD
(D) both (A) and (B)
20. Ammonium hydroxide solution is
(A) alkaline in nature (B) acidic in nature
(C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
21. Ammonium sulphate solution is
(A) alkaline in nature (1B) acidic in nature
(C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
22. Sodium carbonate solution is:
(A) alkaline in nature (B) acidic in nature
(C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
23. Sodium sulphate solution is:
(A) alkaline in nature (B) acidic in nature
(C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
24. Copper sulphate solution is:
(A) alkaline in nature (B) acidic in nature
(C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
25. The correct chemical reagents for preparing sodium sulphate crystals are:
(A) sodium hydroxide and dil H2SO4 (B) sodium carbonate and conc. H2SO4
(C) sodium metal and dil HSO4 (D) sodium chloride and conc. H2SO4
26. The correct reagents for preparing copper sulphate crystals are.
(A) CuO and and dil H,SO4 (B) CuCO3 and dil H2SO4
(C) copper turning and conc. H2SO4 (D) both (A) and (B)
27. The correct reagents for preparing iron (1I) sulphate crystals are:
(A) iron chips and dil H2S04
(B) iron (11) carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid
(C) iron (l) chloride and con(C) H,SO4
(D) both (A) and (B)
28. The correct reagents for preparing ZnCO3 are:
(A) zinc sulphate solution and sodium carbonate solution
(B) zinc chloride solution and sodium carbonate solution
(C) zinc nitrate solution and sodium carbonate solution
(D) all of these
29. The correct reagents for preparing copper carbonate are
(A) CuS04 sol and NazCO3 sol (B) CuCl2 sol and NazCO; sol
(C) Cu(N03)2 sol and K2CO3 sol (D) all of these
30. An oxide of a non-metal used for making soft drinks is:
(A) SO2 gas (B) CO gas (C) NO gas (D) CO2 gas
31. A metallic soluble compound which reacts with H"(aq) ions of an acid to form a salt and water
as only products is:
(A) alkali (B) base (C) basic salt (D) none of these
32. Which is not an efflorescent salt?
(A) Pb(NO3)2 (B) Na2CO3.10H20
(C) MgSO,.7H,0 (D) CuSO4.5H,0
33. The method used for the preparation of K NO, 1s
(A) simple displacement (13) ncutralisation
(C)direct synthesis (D) double de-composition
34. The method used for the preparation of ZnCl, is:
(A) simple displacement (B) double de-decomposition
(C)neutralisation (D) direct synthesis
35. The method used for the
preparation of lead sulphate is:
(A) simple displacement (B) neutralisation
(C) double-decomposition (D) direct synthesis
36. The method used for the
preparation of iron (III) chloride is:

A) simple displacement (B) neutralisation

(C) double-decomposition (D) direct combination
37. The method used for the
preparation of potassium hydrogen sulphate isS
(A) neutralisation (B) direct synthesis
(C) simple displacement
(D) double-decomposition
38. The soluble sulphide is:
(A) copper sulphide (B) Iron (I) sulphide
C) lead (11) sulphide (D) potassium sulphide
39. A chloride which is insoluble in cold water as well as boiling hot water is:
(A) silver (1) chloride (B) lead 1I) chloride
C) copper (II) chloride (D) aluminium chloride
40. A chloride solution in water which forms white
ppt with dil. H2S04
(A) Zinc chloride (B) Barium chloride
(C) copper chloride (D) Sodium chloride
41. A soluble carbonate of metal is:
(A) potassium carbonate (B) sodium carbonate
(C) calcium carbonate (D) both (A) and (B)
42. An acid salt is:
(A) potassium hydrogen sulphate (B) potassium hydrogen carbonate
(C) magnesium hydrogen carbonate (D) all of these
43. An inorganic acid amongst the following is:
(A) acetic acid (B) formic acid
(C) hydro-cyanic acid (D) oxalic acid
44. A tribasic acid is:
(A) H2SO3 (B) HPO4 (C) HN03 (D) CH,CoOH
45. The salt which forms neutral solution in water is:
(A) sodium sulphate (B) ammonium chloride
(C) copper sulphate (D) silver nitrate
46. A salt which forms an acidic solution in water is:
(A) sodium chloride (B) amnmonium carbonate
(C) silver nitrate (D) potassium sulphate
47. A salt which forms basic solution in water
(A) CH3COONH4 (B) CH,COOK (C) KCI (D) NaNO;
48. A salt which does not contain any water ol erystallisation is called:
(A) dry salt (B) dehydrated salt (C) anhydrous salt (D) all of these
49. Which one is a
complex salt amongst following?
(A) CaHPO
C) Na[Ag(CN)»] (B) PbOH)NO
(D) FeSO,(NH)SO,6H,0
50. Metallic hydrogen carbonates react with dilute mineral acids to form
(A)salts and carbon dioxide
C) salt and
only (B) salts and water
only
sulphur
dioxide only (D) salts, water and carbon dioxide
51. A soluble metallic
compound which react with H'(ag) ion of an acid to form a metallic salt and
water as the only
products is called:
(A) base (B) alkali (C) basic salt D) both (A) and (B)
52. The base amongst the
following compounds is:
(A) sodium hydroxide
(B) potassium hydroxide
(C) copper hydroxide
(D) ammonium hydroxide
53. 2A(OH); +

3H2S04
In the above
Al,(SO4)3 +
6H,0
chemical equation the acidity of
(A) 1
Al(OH)3 is:
(B) 6 C) 3 (D) 2
54. The mixed salt
amongst the salts given below is:
(A) NaKSO4
(B) FeSO4.7H0
C) K4[Fe(CN)6 (D) FeSO4(NH,)SO4.6H,0
55. The soluble sulphide amongst the sulphides given below is:
(A) FeS (B) PbS (C) NaS (D) CuS
56. The salt which forms a neutral solution in water is:
(A) (NH4)2SO4 (B) NaSO4 (C) Na-COOs (D) Cu(NO3)2
57. The salt which is not anhydrous
amongst the following is:
(A) Lead nitrate crystals (B) Sodium chloride
(C) Ferous sulphate crystals (D) Sugar crystals
58. A salt which contains definite number of molecules of water, attached
loosely to its one molecule
is called:
(A) wet salt (B) re-hydrated salt (C) hygroscopic salt (D) hydrated salt
59. The salt which is deliquescent amongst following is:
(A) Ferric chloride crystals (B) Copper sulphate crystals
C) Calcium oxide (D) Sodium nitrate
60. The colour of pH paper in odourless solution of pH 7 is
(A) deep blue (B) yellow (C) green (D) orange
61. CafOCI) CI is an example of:
(A) double salt (B) mixed salt (C) complex salt (D) basic salt
62. When sodium hydroxide solution is added to iron (II) chloride solution the colour of
precipitate
(A) bluish white (B) white (C) dirty green (D) brown
63. The acid which is tribasic is:
(A) H3PO4 (B) HSO (C) HNOD (D) CH COOH
64. The colour of pH paper in limewater [Ca(OH)2sol| is:
(A) green (B) red (C) blue (D) orange
65. Ammonium hydroxide is an example of
(A) strong alkali (B) weak alkali (C) strong base (D) none of these
66. Ammonium hydroxide sol reaets completely with 1ICI solution to form ammonium ehloride
solution and water. When a plH paper is held in the above reaction mixture, the colour of pli
paper is:

(A) green (B) blue (C) yellow (D) red

67. Na,CO. 10H,0 on expose to air, loses 9 molecules of waler. It is an example of
(A) hygroscopie salt (B) deliquesent salt (C) efllorescent salt (D) an hydrous salt
68. Sodiunm nitrate is an example of
(A) normal salt (B) acidie salt (C) basic salt (D) none of these
69. Sodium acetate [CH,COONal is an example of
(A) nomal salt (B) basic salt (C) acidic salt (D) none of these
70. pH of dil. H,SO4 is more than acetic acid. So sulphuric acid has
(A) greater concentration of Ht ions (B) same concentration of H+ ions
(C) low concentration of H+ ions (D) none of these
71. The indicator which does not change colour on passing HCl gas is:
(A) red litmus (B) methyl orange
(C) phenolphthalein (D) none of these
72. The complex salt amongst the following is:
(A) FeSO4 (B) NaH PO, (C) K2[Hgl] (D) Pb(OH)NO3
73. The sulphate of a metal which is soluble in water is:
(A) Lead (1) sulphate (B) Copper (11) sulphate
C) Calcium sulphate (D) Silver (1) sulphate
74. Which one will form an acidic solution in water?
(A) NaSO4 (B) CuSO4 (C) NayCO3 (D) NaC
75. Which one amongst the following is not a hydrated salt?
(A) Washing soda crystals (B) Copper sulphate crystals
(C) Nitre crystals (D) Ferrous sulphate crystal
76. The salt which forms neutral solution in water is:
(A) (NHa)>SO4 (B) CH,COONa (C) CuSO4 (D) NaCl
77. Which salt amongst the following is hygroscopie in nature?
(A) NaCO3.7H,0 (B) NaNO (C) CaO (D) Pb(N03)2
78. When copper (II) nitrate solution Is treated with sodium carbonate solution the colour ot
precipitate is:
(A) light green (B) light orange (C) light blue (D) deep brown
79. The crystalline salts which lose their water of crystallisation when exposed to air are called:
(A) efflorescent sol (B) Deliquescent salt (C) hygroscopic salt (D) hydrated salt
80. A salt solution having a pH value more than 7 is:
(A) CH3COOK solution (B) NagSO4 solution
(C) (NH4)2SO4 solution (D) NaNO; solution
81. The base amongst the following hydroxides is:
(A) sodium hydroxide (B) ammonium hydroxide
(C) copper hydroxide (D) polassium hydroxide
82. Zine ONide dissolves in dilute hydrochlorie acid as well as in conc. NaOH solution. The nature
of zine oxide is:
(A)acidic (B) alkaline (C) neutral (D) amphoteric
83. The acidie oxide amongst the following is:
(A) CO(g) (B) COg) (C) NO(g) (D) NO(Gg)
84. The neutral oxide amongst the following is
(A) CO:(e) (B) NOte) (C) NO gas (D) SO()
85. A basic oxide amongst the following is:
(A) CO (B) CO (C) Ca0 (D) P2O5
86. An oxide of a metal which is practically insoluble in dil H2SO4 is:
(A) CuO (B) PbO (C) MgO (D) Fe203
87. A hygro-scopic substanee in the following salts is:
(A) calcium oxide (B) calcium chloride
(C) zinc sulphate crystal (D) sodium chloride
88. A deliquescent substanee in the following substances is:
(A) Phosphorus pentaoxide (B) Magnesium chloride
C) Copper sulphate crystals (D) Potassium chloride
89. A hydraed salt in the following is:
(A) zinc sulphate crystals (B) sodium chloride crystals
C) calcium oxide (D)ammonium chloride crystals
90. An anhydrous salt amongst the following is:
(A) phosphorus pentaoxide (B) sodium sulphate crystals
(C) sodium chloride crystals (D) copper sulphate crystals
91. An efflorescent substance amongst the following is:
(A) sodium carbonate crystals (B) sodium chloride crystals
(C) sodium nitrate crystals (D) potassium nitrate crystals
92. During ionisation, the non-metals accept electrons in their valence shell. This change can be
called:
(A) oxidation (B) reduction C) redox (D) addition reaction
93. The pH of a solution is 6. The pH of the solution can be increased by adding to it:
(A) dew drops of conc. KOH solution (B) few drops of conc. HC
(C) I ml of water (D) none of these
94. A particular solution contains molecules and ions of a solute, so it is a
(A) strong acid (B) strong base
(C) weak acid (D) sodium chloride solution
95. An example of a complex salt is:
(A) copper sulphate (B) potassium hydrogen sulphate
C) iron (11) ammonium sulphate (D) tetra amine copper (I1) sulphate
96. Acid is a compound, which on dissolving in water furnishes:
(A) hydrogen ion (B) hydroxyl ion (C) hydronium ion (D) both (A) and (C)
97. Amongst the following which is an organic acid?
(A) Oxalic acid (B) Carbonic acid (C) Nitrous acid (D) Sulphurous acid
98. Which amongst the following has basicity 2?
ÇOOH
(A) (B) HCI (C) HNO (D) HI
COOH
 99. Which amongst the
following is not amphoteric oxide
A)Caleaum ovde (B) /me oxde
(C) Auminium oride D) Lead oxide
100. An aqucous soluthon of hydrogcn sulphide gas isa
(A) strong acid (B) strong alkali C)weak alkali (D) weak acid
101. Conc nitric acid stains the
skin
(A) black (B) brown (D) red
C)yellow
102. All metallic hydrogen carbonates react with dilute mineral acid to form:
(A) a salt and watcr only (B) a salt and carbon dioxide only
C) a salt. water and carbon dioxide
only (D) a salt and carbon monoxide only
103. Sodium hydrogen sulphate solution in water is an example of:
(A) acidic solution (B) basic solution (C) neutral solution (D) none of these
104. An insoluble salt
prepared by direct combination of elements is:
(A) sodium chloride
(B) copper (II) sulphide
C) copper (11) chloride
(D) magnesium chloride
105. Crystals of Na,CO3.10H,0 on
exposure to air, show the phenomenon of:
(A) deliquesences
(B) hygroscopy
(C) efflorescence
(D) sublimation
106. Which is the base
amongst the following?
(A) LiOH (B) NaOH
C) Mg(OH)2 (D) KOH
107. Which is inorganic acid
amongst the following?
(A) Acetic acid
(B) Benzoic acid
C) Tartaric acid
(D) Carbonic acid
108. Which acid is dibasic amongst the
following?
(A) Sulphuric acid
(B) Sulphurous acid
(C) Hydrogen sulphide solution (D) All of these
109. Which is triacidic base?
(A) Aluminium hydroxide
(B) Iron (1I) hydroxide
(C) Ammonium hydroxide (D) Both (A) and (B)
110. Which salt will form normal solution in water?
(A) Potassium nitrate
(B) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(C) Potassium carbonate
(D) Sodium hydrogen sulphate
111. Degree of ionisation of an acid X is 6%. The acid X is
(A) dilute acid
(B) concentrated acid
(C) weak acid
(D) strong acid
112. The pli of solution is 1.2. The solution
is
(A)mildly acidic (B) strongly acidie
(C) mildly alkaline
(D) strongly alkaline
113. Copper carbonate can be prepared by:
(A) passing carbon dioxide over
copper hydroxide
(B) passing carbon dioxide through CuS
(C) heating copper sulphate solution with sodium
(D) none of these
carbonate solution
114. A compound of two nonmetals, which gives an alkali elution on dissolvng in water i
(A) CO, (B) PO (C)N (D)C0
115. The nitrate of metal which is insoluble in watcr is
(A) lead nitrate (B) coPper nitrate (C) silver nitrate (D) none of these

116. The salt which is not anhydrous amongst the following is

(A) copper sulphate erystals (B) lead nitrate crystals
(C) sodium chloride crystals (D) sugar erystals

117. The salt which on dissolving in water forms acidic solution is:
(A) sodium carbonate (B) sodium sulphate
( C ) zinc nitrate (D) ammonium carbonate

118. Ammonium chloride (solid). reacts with slaked lime to form

(A) calcium chloride and water
(B) calcium chloride and nitrogen
(C) calcium chloride, water and nitrogen
(D) calcium chloride, watcr and ammonia gas
119. The salt which forms a neutral solution with water is:
(A) potassium hydrogen carbonate (B) potassium nitrate
C) copper chloride (D) potassium acetate

120. The pH of a colourless liquid is 13. The liquid is a:

(A) very strong acid (B) very strong alkali
(C) a weak acid (D) a weak alkali
121. A solution turns pH paper bluc. The pH paper is kept within the solution and another solution
X is added drop by drop. It is found that pH paper turns green. The nature of solution X is:
(A) acidic (B) alkaline (C) neutral (D) none of these
122. The chemicals most suited for the preparation of lead sulphate are:
(A) lead metal and conc H2SO4
(B) lead oxide and dil H2SO4
solution and sodium sulphate solution
C) lead nitrate
(D) lead carbonate and dil H2SO4
123. Which one is a double salt?
(A) K3[Fe(CN)%] (B) FeSO4(NH4)2.SO4.6H20
(C) KNaSO4 (D) Ca(OCI)CI
124. The neutral oxide amongst the following are:
(A) CO (B) HO (C) CO (D) both (A) and (B)
125. A particular solution contains molecules and ions of the solute, so it is a:
(A) weak acid (B) strong acid (C) strong alkali (D) salt solution
126. An example of a complex salt is:
(A) zinc sulphate (B) sodium hydrogen sulphate
C) iron (11) ammonium sulphate (D) tetraammine copper (IU) chloride
127. An organic weak acid is:
(A) HCOOH (B) H,SOD4 (C) HCO (D) INO
128. The metallic oxide which dissolve in water to form alkali is:

(A) K20 (B) Al0 (C) ZnO (D) CuO

129. A compound which is insoluble in cold water, but dissolves in hot water is:
(A) AgCl (B) PbC2 (C) CaSO4 (D) PbSO4
S0 A compound responsible for the formation of brown ring. during brown ring test of ntrate
1on is
A) nitroso iron (I) sulphate (B) sodium iron sulphate
(C)nitroso-iron (l) sulphate (D) none of these
131. A compound whose aqueous solution is neutral in nature.
(A) NH,CI (B) CHCOOK C) (NH),SO4 (D) NaCl
132. Basicity of phosphoric acid is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
133. The process by which a substance absorbs moisture from air, but does not change into solution
form is called:
(A) eflorescence (B) deliquescence (D) hygroscopy
C) anhydrous
134. The solution(s) which give white ppt when intially acidified with HCl and then treated with
solution is/are: BaC1
(A) sodium sulphate (B) copper sulphate (C) lead acetate (D) both (A) and (B)
135. Which solution will
give white ppt, when treated with dil HC1?
(A) Sodium sulphate (B) Lead nitrate (C) Lead acetate (D) Both (B) and (C)
136. Which solution will
give white ppt when treated with dil H2SO4?
(A) Potassium sulphate (B) Lead acetate (C) Lead nitrate (D) Both (B) and (C)
137. The method used for the
preparation of copper (11) chloride is:
(A) precipitation (B) neutralization of an-acid with alkali
C) hydrolysis (D) direct combination

SECTION II=
1. A solution M turns blue litmus red while another solution N turns
red litmus blue. In the
above context answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer from the op
tions given below:
G) M must contain
(A) hydronium ion (B) hydroxyl ion (C) any positive ion (D) oxide ion
(ii) N must contain
(A) hydronium ion (B) oxide 1on C) hydroxyl ion (D) any negative ion
(ii) When M and N are mixed together, one of the product will be
(A) acid (B) base (C) alkali (D) salt
(iv) When M and N are mixed together, the other product will
be
(A) acid (B) base (C) alkali
(v) Ifa piece of magnesium was put into a solution
(D) water
M, the gas evolved would be
(A) hydrogen (B) oxygen (C) earbon dioxide (D) nitrogen
2. The pH values of three solutions P,
Q and R are given in the table.
Solution
pH value
P
12
Q
R
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer from the options given below:

) Which solution will have no effect on litmus solution?

(A) P (D) none of these
(B) Q (C) R
ii) Which solution will liberate CO, when reacted with sodium carbonatc?
(A) P (C) R (D) none of these
(B) Q
ii) Which solution will turn red litmus bluc?
(A) P (C) R (D) All of these
(B) Q
(iv) Which solution will turn blue litmus red?
(A) P (C) R (D) none of these
(B) Q
() Which solution is also known as alkali?
(A) P C) R (D) None of these
(B) Q
3. Salts can be prepared by number of methods. Answer the following questions by choosing
correct answer from the options given below:
1) A salt which can be prepared by the action of an acid with alkali solution is
(A) copper sulphate (B) lead sulphate
(C) lead nitrate (D) sodium sulphate
(i) A salt which can be prepared by the action of an acid on an insoluble oxide of metal is:
(A) copper sulphate (B) lead sulphate
(C)calcium sulphate (D) lead chloride
(i) By the action of an acid on the carbonate of metal the salt which can be prepared is
(A) copper sulphate (B) lead sulphate
C) calcium sulphate (D) lead chloride
(iv) A salt which can be prepared by the action of an acid on the hydrogen carbonate of metal is:
(A) sodium chloride (B) potassium chloride
(C) magnesium chloride (D) all of these
(v) The salt which can be prepared by the displacement method is:
(A) zinc sulphate (B) FeSO4
(C)Magnesiumsulphate (D) all of these
4. Answer the following questions by choosing correct answer from the choices below:
)The pH of a solution S is 10. The solutions is:
(A) acidic in nature (B) basic in nature (C) neutral in nature (D) none of these
(ii) If the pH of solution S is to be increased we should add to it few drops of:
(A) strong acid (B) strong alkali (C) water (D) none of these
(ii) The kind of particles present in the solution of sodium chloride are:
(A) cations and anions only (B) ions as well as molecules
C) molecules only (D) none of these
(iv) The kind of particles present in the solution of carbonic acid are:
(A) cations and anions only (B) molecules only
C) ions as well as molecules (D) none of these
(v) The kind of particles present in the glucose solution are:
(A) cations and anions only
(B) molecules only
(C) ions as well as molecules (D) none of these