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Lec 1
Lec 1
SURVEYING-II
(CE-229)
Lecture Notes
Edited By;
Engr. Arshad A. Azeemi
Lecturer, Department of Agricultural Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, KPK
Email: arshadali@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
CLASS OUTLINES
• INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING
• COURSE OUTLINES
Chapter # 01:
• CURVES
Course Aims
• To apply principles of surveying in related field problems
• To acquire knowledge of control surveys and their use in advanced branches of
surveying.
CLOs, Mapping with PLOs
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
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SURVEYING-II (Course Outlines)
CLOs, Mapping with PLOs
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CLO Taxonomy
Description PLOs
No. Domain
Reference Book(s)
• Wolf P. R. & Ghilani C. D., (2004), Elementary Surveying – An introduction to
Geomatics, 11th Edition, Prentice Hall, USA.
• Thomas, M. Lillesand & Ralph W. Kiefer, (2005), Remote Sensing and Images
Interpretation, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Kavanagh Barry, (2010), Surveying with Construction Applications, 7th Edition,
Pearsons Education.
T2
T1
A
C
Fig. 1 . A CURVE
Curve
Tangent to
Circular Curve
Tangent to
Spiral Curve to
Thursday, 9 March, 2023 Circular Curve
20
HORIZONTAL CURVES
Curves provided in the horizontal plane to have
the gradual change in direction are known as
horizontal curves.
VERTICAL CURVES
Curves provided in the vertical plane to obtain
the gradual change in grade are called as vertical
curves.
Curves may be circular or parabolic. Curves are
generally arcs of parabolas.
Curves are laid out on the ground along the
center line of the work.
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NEED OF PROVIDING CURVES
Consists of a A C
single arc of R R
circle connecting
two straights. It
has radius of the O
throughout.
T1
R1
O1
R2
Fig.4 Compound Curve
A
C
O2
parallel. O1
Fig. 5. A Reverse or Serpentine Curve.
B φ
I
F
T1 E T2
A C
R φ/2
φ
44
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Example 01: A simple circular curve is to have a
radius of 573 m .the tangents intersect at chainage
1060 m and the angle of intersection is 120o. Find,
(i) Tangent Distance.
(ii) Chainage at beginning and end of the curve.
(iii) Length of the long chord.
(iv) Degree of the curve.
(v) Number of full and sub chords.
L=600m
729.15 1329.15
T1 C =573m T2
R=573m
O
Fig.11
50
(i) We know ,tangent length = R tan φ /2
= 573 x tan 300
= 573x 0.5774
= 330.85 m (Ans.)
(ii) Length of curve is given by: π R φ
1800
= π x 573x600
1800
= 600 m (Ans.)
Chainage of first tangent point (T1)
= Chainage of intersection point – tangent length.
= 1060 – 330.85
= 729.15 m (Ans.)
PTO
51
(iii) The length of long chord is given by:
L = 2R sin φ /2
= 2 x 573 x sin 300
= 573 m ( Ans.)
or D = 1719
R
=30
Therefore , degree of curve is =30 (Ans.)
PTO
52
(v) Number of Full and sub chords:
Assuming peg interval =30m
Chainage of T1 = 729.15 m = 729.15 Chain lengths.
30
= 24 full chain lengths + 9.15 m
Chainage of Ist peg on the curve should be 25 full chain lengths.
The length of Ist sub chord= (25+00) – (24 + 9.15)
= 20.85 m
Chainage of T2 = 1329.15 Chain lengths.
30
= 44 full chain lengths + 9.15 m.
Chainage of last peg on the curve =44 full chains.
PTO
54
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