Plot the hydraulic grade lines for each flow rate.

(5 marks)

What does the hydraulic grade line tell you about the interchange of different types of
energy as the water flows through the different sections of the system? (3 marks)

Determine the flow velocity at the inlet, outlet and throat for each flow rate using Bernoulli's
equation. Hand calculations must be shown for one Run (5 marks)

For each flow rate, determine the discharge coefficient (𝐶𝑣) for the Venturi meter using the
pressure drop between manometers A and E for the hydraulic head loss. Hand calculations
must be shown for one Run (7 marks) Experiment 3: Bernoulli’s Principle

Discuss reasons for the difference between the real flow rate (𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙) and ideal flow rate
(𝑄𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙). (5 marks)

Provide three real-world applications of Bernoulli's equations. (5 marks)