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Physics Kinematics in Two Dimensions
Physics Kinematics in Two Dimensions
PHYSICS MODULE-1011
UNIT-3
KINEMATICS IN TWO DIMENSION
Instructor name:
March 17,2023
GROUP MEMBERS
Aziza Musa
Beamlake Haile
Betelhem Wubu
Bezawit Taye
Robel Bogale
Ruhama Dereje
OUT LINE OF PRESENTATION
vave= 7m/s
3,Instantaneous velocity at t=4sec
vinst= dx/dt
vinst= 14-2t
vinst= 6m/s
3.1.3 ACCELERATION
• Average 𝒂 : is acceleration of a body b/n two points or
velocity divided by time taken.
• 𝑎 = Δv/Δt
• Instantaneous 𝒂 ∶ is acceleration of a body at particular
instant of time or at a point.
𝑎inst=Δv/Δt as Δt→0
EXAMPLE 2
• A helicopter along the x axis in such a way that its distance
as function of time is s(t)=20t2-t3
• 1,the average acceleration during 3rd sec.
• v=dx/dt = 40t-3t2
𝑎ave= v-u/ tf-ti
𝑎ave= (40*3-(3*32))-(40*2-(3*22)/4-3
𝑎ave= 25m/s2
2,the instantaneous acceleration at t= 2sec
𝑎= dv/dt= 40-9t
𝑎= 22m/s2
here we are at
the middle of the
exercise. mr.x
stopped and get
some energy
drinks so the
whole velocity of
Mr.x is not
constant some
time it get to zero
as mentioned
above sometimes
it decrease or
increase but we
continue to run.
ohhh I see some
children playing
basket when they
score at the basket
the ball undergoes
curved motion
what we call this
thing?
Let’s discover
3.2 PROJECTILE MOTION
• Projectile motion is the motion of an
object thrown (projected) into the air
and then allowed to follow a path solely
determined by the influence of gravity.
• at projectile motion:
→ the only force acting is gravity
→perpendicular components of motion are independent
of each other
→constant velocity in the horizontal direction constantly
changing velocity in the vertical direction
→the trajectory is parabolic
CONT…
• Formula of projectile
ux= ucosθ , uy=usinθ
at any time t
v= u+at but 𝑎x= 0
vx= ucosθ ( constant through its motion)
vy= uy+ ayt 𝑎= g
sy= uy + 1/2gt2, sx= uxt
Range and maximum height
• Two point in this motion are interesting
1 (R/2,h) , maximum height
2 ( R,0) horizontal range
CONT…
• At maximum height (half time) vy=0
Vy= usinθ-gt
thalf= usinθ/g heightmax= u2sin2θ/2g
ttotal= 2usinθ/g
Range= sx=uxt
sx= ucosθtT
sx= ucosθ(2usinθ/g)
Sx= 2u sinθcosθ/g=u sin2θ/g
2 2
EXAMPLE 3
A stone is thrown in to the air with initial velocity of 40m/s at
37° from horizontal.
1, the component of initial velocity
ux=ucosθ= 40m/s*0.8=32m/s
uy=usinθ=40m/s*0.6=24m/s
2, half time of the projectile motion
t=usinθ/g
t=24m/s/10=2.4sec
3,range of projectile motion
R=2u2sinθcosθ/g
R= 2(40)20.6*0.8/10
R= 153.6m
4, hmax of projectile motion
hmax= uy2/2g
hmax= (24)2/2*10= 57.6m
EXAMPLE 4
Two arrow are launched at the same time with the same
speed. Arrow A at an angle greater than 45° and arrow B at
an angle less than 45°. Both land at the same spot on the
ground. which arrow arrive first?
A, arrow A arrive first
B, arrow B arrive first
C, they both arrive together
D, it depends on the elevation where the arrow land
(C) VQ<VR<VP
(D) VQ<VP = VR
SOLUTION:
At highest point VQ=0 so it is the least one andVP=VQ
beside the direction change both have equal speed.
After watching the
basketball game
high lightly we
continue to run.
Accidentally we
saw red car try
hardly to cope
with the circular
path what is the
issue on this
scenario
3.3 KINEMATICS IN CIRCULAR MOTION
3.3.UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION