UEME2163

Solid Mechanics II
Mechanical Engineering Year2

Lecturer: Mr. Kam Heng Keong

Email: kamhk@utar.edu.my
Room: 3rd floor GE6

UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3 1

Text Books
⚫ Boresi, A.P. and
Schmidt R.J. (2002)
Advanced Mechanics
of Materials, 6th
Edition, Wiley

UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3 2

Objective of unit
⚫ To provide students with an
understanding of how the
stresses and strains within
engineering components
are related to both the loads
and displacements imposed
at their boundaries and to
any thermal or internal
loadings to which they are
subjected
UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3 3
Learning Outcomes of Unit
On completion of this unit, a student shall be able to:

⚫ Determine the tensor stresses on an oblique plane and

apply Hooke‘s Law to solve linear stress-strain relations.
⚫ Evaluate the safety factors and analyse the material
response for general yielding cases.
⚫ Apply the energy method to solve statically
indeterminate problem.
⚫ Examine the stresses in deformation of non-symmetrical
beams.
⚫ Design and analyse a mechanical structural system
using Finite Element Method.
⚫ Conduct experiment to measure mechanical properties
of material using strain gauges.
UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3 4
Assessment Method:
⚫ Assignment 10%
⚫ Lab practical (2x) 10%
⚫ Midterm test 10%
⚫ Final assessment 70%
Total 100%

⚫ Lab Practical: 1. Strain gauge measurement

▪ 2. Deflection Calculation
⚫ Assignment: Finite Element Analysis 5
UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3
Review of Elementary
Mechanics of Matrials
⚫ Axially Loaded Members

⚫ Torsionally Loaded Members

UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II 6

Review of Elementary
Mechanics of Matrials

⚫ Bending of Beams

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Elastic constitutive relationship
⚫ Stress-strain diagram

Stress-strain diagram Universal Testing Machines

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1.3 Stress-strain relations
⚫ Elastic and inelastic response of a Solid

UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II 13

1.3 Stress-strain relations
⚫ Material Properties
⚫ Yield strength
⚫ Ultimate Tensile
strength
⚫ Modulus of Elasticity
⚫ Percent Elongation
⚫ Yield strength for
structural steel
⚫ Modulus of resilience
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1.3 Stress-strain relations
⚫ Material Properties
⚫ Modulus of toughness lateral strain l
 =− =−
⚫ Modulus of Rupture vertical (axial) strain a
⚫ Poisson’s ratio

UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II 16

1.3 Stress-strain relations
⚫ Necking of a mild steel tension specimen

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 Cross section

Cross section

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1.3 Stress-strain relations
⚫ Other Materials

Clay

Brittle material
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1.4 Failure and Limits on
Design
⚫ Factor of safety
Rn (Normial Resistance)
SF =
Rw (Working Resistance)

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1.4 Failure and Limits on
Design
⚫ Modes of Failure
1. Failure by excessive deflection
a. Elastic deflection
b. Deflection caused by creep
2. Failure by general yielding
3. Failure by fracture
a. Sudden fracture of brittle materials
b. Fracture of cracked of flawed members
c. Progressive fracture (fatigue)
4. Failure by instability
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Elasticity
⚫ Revision of stress
and strain in 2D-
Mohr’s circle

⚫ Elastic constitutive
relationship

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2D-Mohr’s circle

⚫ Element in plane stress

⚫ Sign convention
  , 
⚫ Normal stress

 ij i: Surface
j: Force

⚫ Shear stress

3D  ij
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2D-Mohr’s circle

⚫ Element in plane stress

3D 2D
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2D-Mohr’s circle
x  x1
y  y1
 xy =  yx  x1 y1 =  y1x1

in xyz axes in x1y1z1 axes

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

Stresses UEME2163 Solid Mechanics II Version 1.3

Forces 26
2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

⚫ In x1 direction

 x1 A0 sec −  x A0 cos
−  xy A0 sin  −  y A0 tan  sin 
−  xy A0 tan  cos = 0

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

⚫ In x1 direction
(Blue components)

 x1 A0 sec −  x A0 cos 


−  xy A0 sin  −  y A0 tan  sin 

−  xy A0 tan  cos = 0 


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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section
⚫ In x1 direction
 x1 A0 sec −  x A0 cos −  xy A0 sin 
−  y A0 tan sin  −  yx A0 tan cos = 0

⚫ In y1 direction
 x1 y1 A0 sec +  x A0 sin  −  xy A0 cos
−  y A0 tan cos +  yx A0 tan sin  = 0

⚫ Rearrange above since  xy =  yx

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

 x1 =  x cos  +  y sin 
2 2

+ 2 xy sin  cos

 x1 y1 = −( x −  y )sin  cos

(
+  xy cos  − sin 
2 2
)

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

⚫ To be more convenient

 x + y  x − y
 x1 = + cos 2 +  xy sin 2
2 2

 x − y
 x1 y1 = − sin 2 +  xy cos 2
2
⚫ Transformation equation for plane stress
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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ To eliminate the parameter 2θ by performing
A +B2 2

 x + y    x − y
2 2
 
A =   x1 −
2
 =  cos 2 +  xy sin 2 
 2   2 

  x − y
2

B = ( x1 y1 ) =  − sin 2 +  xy cos 2 
2 2

 2 

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ This yields the equation of Mohr’s circle

 x + y    x − y 
2 2

  x1 −  +  x1 y1 = 
2
 +  2 xy
 2   2 
or
( x1 −  aver )
2
+  2 x1 y1 = R 2
where
 x + y   x − y 
2

 aver = , R=   +  2 xy
2  2 
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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ The equation of Mohr’s circle

( x1 −  aver )2 +  2 x1 y1 = R 2
 x1y1

R
 aver
0
2θ
 x1
C

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2D-Mohr’s circle
⚫ Stress on inclined section

⚫ Transformation equations of plane stress

 x + y  x − y
 x1 = + cos 2 +  xy sin 2
2 2
 x + y  x − y
 y1 = − cos 2 −  xy sin 2
2 2
 x − y
 x1 y1 = − sin 2 +  xy cos 2
2

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1.1
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