CAPE TOURISM

Module 1: Concepts and Issues

TOPIC: CLASSIFICATIONS OF TOURISM AND
TOURIST

Objectives:
○ Discuss the characteristics of domestic, regional,
international, inbound and outbound tourists.
○ Determine the push and pull factors in tourism.

DOMESTIC VS REGIONAL VS
INTERNATIONAL
○ How would you define:

○ Domestic tourist
○ Regional tourist

○ International tourist

DOMESTIC TOURIST
○A visitor spending at least one night away from
his/her normal place of residence, but within his/
her own country of residence.
○ For example, a person visiting Port of Spain from
San Fernando, both towns in Trinidad, for the
weekend.

REGIONAL TOURIST
○A visitor who travels within a defined
geographical region and spending at least 24
hours at his/her destination.
○ A Grenadian travelling to Puerto Rico is a
regional tourist.
○ What about a Belizian travelling to Guyana?
What type of tourist is he?

INTERNATIONAL TOURIST
○A visitor who travels outside his own country of
residence either within or outside a defined
geographical region.
○ For example, an American visiting St. Lucia is an
international tourist.

INBOUND VS OUTBOUND
○ How would you classify these?
○ Inbound - Comprises the activities of a non-
resident visitor within the country of reference on
an inbound tourism trip. (WTO)
○ Outbound - Comprises the activities of a resident
visitor outside the country of reference, either as
part of an outbound tourism trip or as part of a
domestic tourism trip. (WTO)
○ Using the following map, discuss how tourist
would be classified as either inbound or outbound.

PUSH AND PULL FACTORS IN TOURISM

○ Push factors – those circumstances that push the
tourist into a holiday e.g. the need to get away
from their everyday environment.
○ These can be categorized as the needs and wants
of the consumer (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)
○ So then what are the pull factors?

○ Pull factors are those which attract a tourist to a

given destination.
○ Can you think of any examples?

PUSH FACTORS VERSUS PULL FACTORS

Push factors Pull factors
• Motivations •Destination attributes and type
o escape of facilities
o rest and relaxation oClimate
oSelf-esteem oHistoric sites
oPrestige oScenic beauty
oHealth and wellness oSunshine
oAdventure oBeaches
oSocial interaction oSnow
oBenefits oCultural events
oInterests oRecreational opportunities
•Demographic factors •Accessibility
oAge, gender, income, education, •Situational factors
family life-cycle and size, race/ oSafety, security, seasonality
ethnic group, occupation, second •Marketed image
home ownership oNegative/positive destination image
•Market knowledge oQuality of services
oQuality of facilities

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

○ Martha has just left Tobago to travel to Trinidad
to attend the carnival festivities. What type of
tourist is she?
○ Luke left Miami on American Airlines at 12:30pm
and landed in Puerto Rico. He boarded his
connection flight at 4:00pm and landed in St.
Martin at 4:45pm. What type of tourist is Luke?

RECAP
○ What were the main points discussed in this
lesson?