***The critical angle for certain wavelength of light in the case of a piece of glass is 400.

Find the
polarizing angle for glass.

***An inventor claims to have developed an engine working between 660 K and 300 K capable
of having an efficiency of 52%. Is his claim correct?
Solution:

It is possible for the engine to have an efficiency of 52%.

𝑇2
𝑜𝑟, 𝜂 = 1 −
𝑇1
Therefore, between 660k and 300k it is possible for the investors' engine to obtain an efficiency
of 52%.

***A Carnot engine, with the cold body temperature of 270C has 60% efficiency. By how much
the temperature of its hot body should be changed to increase its efficiency to 70%.
***Calculate the increase in entropy of 10 gm of O2 when its temperature is raised from 680 F to
2120 F and its volume is made 4 times of its original volume.[𝐶𝑣 = 25.5 𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝐾 −1]

***At standard temperature and pressure (00C and 1.0 atm) the mean free path in helium gas is
285 nm. We have to determine (a) the number of molecules per cubic meter and (b) the effective
diameter of the helium atoms.
Solution: (a) The equation of state of an ideal gas in terms of the total number of molecules N at
temperature T, pressure P and volume V is

***. A Carnot engine working as a refrigerator between 260K and 300K receives 500 calories of
heat from the reservoir at the lower temperature. Calculate a) amount of heat rejected to the
reservoir at the higher temperature and b) the amount of work done in each cycle to operate the
reservoir.
*** In a Young's double slit experiment, the separation between the slits is 0.15mm. In the experiment, a
source of light of wavelength 589nm is used and the interference pattern is observed on a screen
kept 1.5m away. Calculate the separation between the successive bright fringes on the screen.
Solution: We know,

Distance between successive bright fringes is equal to fringe width = w

=5.9 mm (Ans)
*** Given a parallel beam of monochromatic light is allowed to be incident normally on a plane
transmission grating having 5000 lines per cm and second order spectral line is found to be
diffracted through 300. calculate the wave length of light?

Solution: Given grating transmission d = 1/5000 cm

Line diffracted = 300

So, sin 30 = ½

m=2

Where, λ is wavelength of light

So, d is the grating element

θ is angle of diffraction of n th order.

n is the order of spectrum

So, wavelength of light, λ = d sinθ / n

= 1/5000 x ½ / 2

= 1/5000 x ½ x ½

= 5 x 10^-5 cm (Ans)