Ex 10

1/

1. Doctor: A doctor is a medical professional who has completed medical school

and received a medical degree. Doctors diagnose and treat illnesses, diseases,
and injuries.
2. Surgeon: A surgeon is a doctor who specializes in performing surgeries.
Surgeons are trained to perform a wide range of surgical procedures, from minor
surgeries like removing moles or cysts to major surgeries like heart transplants.
3. General practitioner: A general practitioner, or GP, is a doctor who provides
primary care to patients. They are often the first point of contact for patients
with health concerns and can diagnose and treat a wide range of medical
conditions. GPs also manage patients' overall health and refer them to specialists
when necessary.
4. Paramedic: A paramedic is a healthcare professional who responds to emergency
situations, such as accidents or medical emergencies. They provide initial medical
care and transport patients to hospitals for further treatment.
5. Pharmacist: A pharmacist is a healthcare professional who specializes in
medications. They are responsible for dispensing medications, counseling
patients on the proper use of medications, and monitoring patients for potential
drug interactions.
6. Consultant: A consultant is a medical professional who specializes in a specific
area of medicine. They are typically called in by other doctors or medical
professionals to provide expert advice or treatment recommendations.

2/
1. Doctor's surgery: A doctor's surgery is a medical practice where a general
practitioner (GP) provides primary healthcare services to patients. This is
typically a private practice where patients can make appointments to see
their doctor for medical consultations, routine check-ups, and minor
medical procedures.
2. Hospital: A hospital is a medical facility where patients receive a wide
range of medical care and treatment, including surgeries, medical
procedures, and overnight stays. Hospitals are often equipped with
specialized departments and medical staff to treat a wide range of medical
conditions.
3. Pharmacy: A pharmacy, also known as a drugstore, is a retail store where
pharmacists dispense medications to patients. In addition to filling
prescriptions, pharmacies may also sell over-the-counter medications,
medical supplies, and other health-related products.
4. Hospice: A hospice is a facility that provides care and support to patients
who are terminally ill and nearing the end of their lives. Hospice care is
 focused on providing comfort and pain relief, rather than attempting to
cure the patient's illness. Hospice care can be provided in the patient's
home or in a dedicated hospice facility.

3/

1. See a doctor: To "see a doctor" means to make an appointment or visit a medical

professional, such as a general practitioner, specialist, or surgeon, to receive medical advice
or treatment for a specific health concern.
2. Have a check-up: To "have a check-up" means to visit a medical professional, such as a
general practitioner, for a routine medical examination to check for any potential health
issues, monitor an existing condition, or ensure overall health and wellness.
3. Have an operation: To "have an operation" means to undergo a surgical procedure to treat
a medical condition or injury. Surgeries can range from minor procedures performed in a
doctor's office to major operations requiring hospitalization.
4. Have a scan/an X-ray: To "have a scan/an X-ray" means to undergo a medical imaging test
to diagnose or monitor a medical condition. Scans and X-rays use technology such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or X-rays to capture
images of the body's internal structures.

4/

1. Lack of funding: "Lack of funding" refers to a situation where an organization or institution

does not have sufficient financial resources to operate effectively. In a healthcare context,
lack of funding can result in shortages of medical supplies and equipment, limited access
to healthcare services, and reduced quality of care.
2. Outdated equipment: "Outdated equipment" refers to medical equipment that is old or
obsolete and is no longer effective or efficient in treating patients. Outdated equipment
can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, ineffective treatments, and increased risk of
complications during medical procedures.
3. Long waiting list: "Long waiting list" refers to a situation where patients have to wait for an
extended period of time to receive medical treatment or access to healthcare services. This
can be due to limited resources, high demand for services, or a shortage of medical
professionals.
4. Post-operative infection: "Post-operative infection" refers to an infection that occurs after a
surgical procedure. These infections can occur due to a variety of reasons, including poor
hygiene practices, inadequate sterilization of equipment, or a weakened immune system.
Post-operative infections can lead to delayed healing, prolonged recovery time, and, in
severe cases, life-threatening complications.

5/

1. Alternative medicine: Alternative medicine refers to medical practices and treatments that
are not part of conventional Western medicine. Examples of alternative medicine include
acupuncture, herbal medicine, meditation, and chiropractic care. Alternative medicine is
often used as a complementary approach to conventional medicine or as an alternative to
it.
2. Palliative care: Palliative care is specialized medical care focused on providing relief from
the symptoms and stress of a serious illness or injury. The goal of palliative care is to
improve the quality of life for patients and their families by addressing physical, emotional,
and spiritual needs. Palliative care can be provided alongside curative treatments or as the
main focus of care for patients with terminal illnesses.
3. Preventive medicine: Preventive medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on
preventing disease and promoting health. Examples of preventive medicine include
vaccinations, regular health screenings, and lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise.
The goal of preventive medicine is to identify and manage risk factors for disease and to
promote healthy behaviors and habits.
4. Conventional medicine: Conventional medicine, also known as Western medicine, refers to
medical practices and treatments that are widely accepted by the medical community and
that are based on scientific evidence. Conventional medicine includes treatments such as
medications, surgeries, and radiation therapy. It is typically delivered by licensed medical
professionals in hospitals, clinics, and private practices.
 4a

1. The title "Sicko: Cuba's Medical Care Puts America's to Shame" suggests that the article
discusses the comparison between the healthcare systems in Cuba and the USA and
highlights the superiority of Cuba's medical care.
2. The aim of the journalist is to report on the healthcare system in Cuba and how it
compares to the healthcare system in the USA, as well as examining the factors that
contribute to Cuba's success in healthcare.
3. The key features of the Cuban system are the accessibility and universality of healthcare,
emphasis on prevention, and the dedication of doctors.
4. The journalist appears to agree with Moore's portrayal of Cuba's healthcare system as a
model and contrasts it with the inadequacies of the healthcare system in the USA.

4b

1. The opening paragraph presents a contrast between elderly Cubans exercising in a small
plaza with doctors receiving patients in a small shabby office, highlighting the accessibility
of healthcare in Cuba, but also the limitations and outdated conditions of some medical
facilities.
2. According to the World Health Organization, Cuba has better life expectancy and infant
mortality rates than the USA, while spending much less on healthcare per person.
3. Cuban doctors are portrayed as dedicated and motivated by a sense of vocation, with
salaries that are far lower than those of doctors in the USA and other countries.
4. The article suggests that the healthcare system in Cuba, despite its limitations and
challenges, provides a model for accessible, preventative healthcare that delivers good
health outcomes for its citizens. The comparison with the healthcare system in the USA
highlights the high cost of healthcare and the limitations in accessibility and universality.

1. steady stream
2. blend
3. ethos
4. entitled to
5. impoverished
6. on a par with
7. geared towards
8. utopia